QUIC F. Michel Internet-Draft UCLouvain Intended status: Experimental O. Bonaventure Expires: 25 April 2024 UCLouvain, WEL RI 23 October 2023 Forward Erasure Correction for QUIC loss recovery draft-michel-quic-fec-01 Abstract This documents lays down the QUIC protocol design considerations needed for QUIC to apply Forward Erasure Correction on the data sent through the network. About This Document This note is to be removed before publishing as an RFC. The latest revision of this draft can be found at https://francoismichel.github.io/i-d-quic-fec/draft-michel-quic- fec.html. Status information for this document may be found at https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-michel-quic-fec/. Discussion of this document takes place on the QUIC Working Group mailing list (mailto:quic@ietf.org), which is archived at https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/browse/quic/. Subscribe at https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/quic/. Source for this draft and an issue tracker can be found at https://github.com/francoismichel/i-d-quic-fec. Status of This Memo This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet- Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." Michel & Bonaventure Expires 25 April 2024 [Page 1] Internet-Draft FEC for QUIC October 2023 This Internet-Draft will expire on 25 April 2024. Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2023 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/ license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Revised BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Revised BSD License. Table of Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. Conventions and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2.1. FEC-related definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3. Network packets and coded symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4. FEC and the loss recovery mechanism . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 5. Protocol requirements for protecting information through FEC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 5.1. Defining the FEC-protected parts of a QUIC payload . . . 6 5.2. Identifying the source symbols from QUIC packets . . . . 6 5.2.1. Alternative 1: sending the source symbol inside a frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 5.2.2. Alternative 2: only sending the SID inside a frame . 8 5.2.3. Choosing an alternative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 5.3. Sending the repair symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 5.4. Announcing the coding window size . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 5.5. Announcing the recovered symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 5.6. Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 6. Coding and congestion control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 7. Negociating the FEC extension using transport parameters . . 11 7.1. enable_fec . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 7.2. decoder_fec_scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 7.3. initial_coding_window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 8. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 8.1. DoS due to difficult symbols recoveries . . . . . . . . . 13 9. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 9.1. New transport parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 9.2. New frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Michel & Bonaventure Expires 25 April 2024 [Page 2] Internet-Draft FEC for QUIC October 2023 Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 1. Introduction The QUIC protocol [QUICv1] relies on retransmissions to ensure the reliable delivery of stream data. Retransmitting the lost information requires the loss recovery mechanism to identify lost packets which may take up to several hundreds of milliseconds [QUIC-RECOVERY]. Depending on their delay-sensitivity, some applications using QUIC could not afford such a waiting time to ensure a good quality of experience to their users. Works has already been done to consider the use of Forward Erasure Correction (FEC) for the QUIC protocol to ensure timely data delivery for delay-sensitive applications [QUIC-FEC] [FlEC] [rQUIC] [I-D.swett-nwcrg-coding-for-quic]. These loss recovery mechanisms generally maintain a coding window containing the latency-sensitive application data and generate repair symbols protecting this coding window from packet losses. This document defines additions to the QUIC protocol to extend its loss recovery mechanism with FEC capabilities and make it able to recover from packet losses prior to their retransmission. 2. Conventions and Definitions The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here. 2.1. FEC-related definitions Source symbol: piece of information exchanged by two endpoints. This document considers QUIC packets payloads as source symbols. Repair symbol: redundant information constructed from the combination of several source symbols. Erasure: loss of one or more symbols Erasure correction code: algorithm generating repair symbols and reconstructing missing source symbols from a set of source and repair symbols. Forward Erasure Correction: process of recovering erased symbols before the detection of their erasure. Michel & Bonaventure Expires 25 April 2024 [Page 3] Internet-Draft FEC for QUIC October 2023 FEC scheme: the conjunction of an erasure correction code and the specific protocol elements required to use it with the design described in this document. Encoder: entity producing repair symbols using an erasure correction code. The encoder can be a library used by the protocol implementation or a program running in a separate process or machine. Decoder: entity reconstructing missing source symbols using an erasure correction code. The decoder can be a library used by the protocol implementation or a program running in a separate process or machine. Coding window: window of source symbols that are required to decode a repair symbol. 3. Network packets and coded symbols QUIC endpoints exchange information over a network channel. Adding Forward Erasure Correction to QUIC introduces a FEC encoder and a FEC decoder to the QUIC endpoint. The encoder and decoder exchange source and repair symbols that are carried through QUIC frames inside QUIC packets. Figure 1 illustrates how a FEC-enabled QUIC endpoint behaves. Michel & Bonaventure Expires 25 April 2024 [Page 4] Internet-Draft FEC for QUIC October 2023 +---------------------------------------------------------+ | Application | +---------------------------------------------------------+ | Application data ^ | to send Received and recovered | v application data | +------+ +------+ __| Send |______________________________________| Recv |_______ | | API | | API | | | +------+ +------+ | | | ^ | | v | | | +---------+ QUIC +---------+ | | | FEC | | FEC | | | | Encoder | | Decoder | | | +---------+ +---------+ | | | Source and ^ | | | repair symbols Received source | | | | to send and repair | | | v symbols | | | +--------+ +----------+ | | | QUIC | | QUIC | | | | Sender | | Receiver | | | +--------+ +----------+ | |_______|___________________________________________^___________| | QUIC packets | | to send Received | v QUIC packets | +-------------------------------------------------+ | Network | +-------------------------------------------------+ Figure 1: Exchanging source and repair symbols over a QUIC connection The application submits new data using the stream or datagram abstraction provided by the QUIC Send API (left part of Figure 1). The FEC Encoder encodes the QUIC frames containing application data (e.g. STREAM and DATAGRAM frames) into one or several source symbols and generates repair symbols protecting these when needed. These symbols are then packed into network packets by the QUIC Sender. When repair symbols must be sent, the QUIC Sender packs them inside dedicated QUIC frames discussed in Section 5.3. On the receiving path (right part of Figure 1), the QUIC Receiver consumes network packets and unpacks the symbols they contain. It provides the received symbols to the FEC Decoder that then recovers the lost source symbols when possible. It finally passes the application data present in the newly received or recovered source symbols to the application using the QUIC Recv API. Michel & Bonaventure Expires 25 April 2024 [Page 5] Internet-Draft FEC for QUIC October 2023 4. FEC and the loss recovery mechanism The FEC mechanism described in this document is an enhancement of the classical QUIC loss recovery mechanism [QUIC-RECOVERY]. It does not replace it by any means. A QUIC endpoint MAY ignore every received repair symbol and MAY not perform any symbol recovery at all. The FEC mechanism is only intended to allow a receiver recovering faster from packet losses on the network if it values the timeliness of data delivery. 5. Protocol requirements for protecting information through FEC In this section, we list the points that must be defined by the protocol for allowing QUIC endpoints to protect information using FEC. 5.1. Defining the FEC-protected parts of a QUIC payload There is no need to protect every piece information sent on the wire by QUIC. Some pieces of information are already sent redundantly (e.g. ACKs) and some data are not delay sensitive and can be retransmitted later with no harm (e.g. background download on a separate stream). Endpoints need to agree on which parts of the packets are part of the protected source symbols and how to compose a source symbol from what is sent on the wire. Versions 01 and 02 of [I-D.swett-nwcrg-coding-for-quic] only protect streams payload. The idea is simple when using a single stream but becomes complicated and requires more signaling in a multi-stream scenario. It also cannot protect DATAGRAM frames [QUIC-DATAGRAM]. In this document, we propose to consider whole frames as part of the source symbols. In order to reduce signalling between the peers, a single source symbol MUST NOT contain the frames of several QUIC packets at the same time. 5.2. Identifying the source symbols from QUIC packets Upon reception of a QUIC packet, a receiver needs to identify the source symbols contained in the packet to forward to the FEC decoder. The decoder also needs to know which source symbols were lost. Since QUIC does not enforce sending contiguously increasing packet numbers, it is not possible for a receiver to distinguish a lost packet from a packet that has never been sent. Furthermore, a QUIC sender may not want to protect the payload of some packets if they do not carry latency-sensitive information. Source symbols are thus attributed a Symbol ID (SID). The SID of the first source symbol MUST be zero and the SIDs are contiguously increasing. When a FEC decoder notes gaps in the received SIDs, the missing SIDs correspond to lost source Michel & Bonaventure Expires 25 April 2024 [Page 6] Internet-Draft FEC for QUIC October 2023 symbols that can be recovered using FEC. As the QUIC packet number cannot be used to carry the SID, it must be transmitted using either a dedicated QUIC frame or a dedicated header field. The second solution being incompatible with [QUICv1], it is not discussed in this document. The source symbol payload can either be put inside a dedicated frame (Section 5.2.1) or infered when handling a specific frame (Section 5.2.2). Both alternatives are presented in the next sections. Lead to the exact same packet wire format and outcome. 5.2.1. Alternative 1: sending the source symbol inside a frame This alternative is compatible with [QUICv1]. It defines a new SOURCE_SYMBOL frame as shown in Figure 2. SOURCE_SYMBOL { SID (i), FEC Protected Payload (..) } Figure 2: SOURCE_SYMBOL frame format The frame explicitly represents a source symbol. The FEC Protected Payload field is analogous to the payload of a QUIC packet: it contains a sequence of frames that are protected by FEC. The SOURCE_SYMBOL frame is idempotent and explicit: it exactly describes the frames inside the source symbol. The main drawback is that existing QUIC implementations are not used to write frames inside other frames which may increase the implementation cost of the approach. An example of the use of the SOURCE_SYMBOL frame is shown in Figure 3. Sender Receiver | | | Pkt(5)[ACK[..], SOURCE_SYMBOL(0, { STREAM(4, "abc") }] | |------------------------------------------------------------>| | | | Pkt(6)[STREAM(2, "xyz"), | | SOURCE_SYMBOL(1, { STREAM(8, "def"), | | DATAGRAM("msg") }] | |------------------------------------------------------------>| | | | Pkt(1)[ACK[..]] | |<------------------------------------------------------------| | | Figure 3: SID Alternative 1 Michel & Bonaventure Expires 25 April 2024 [Page 7] Internet-Draft FEC for QUIC October 2023 The two SOURCE_SYMBOL frames contain the source symbols with SID 0 and 1. The first source symbol contains a frame for stream 4 while the second one contains a frame for stream 8 and a DATAGRAM frame. The ACK frame of packet 5 and the STREAM frame for stream 2 of packet 6 are not part of the source symbol and are thus not protected by FEC. In this scenario, every source symbol is correctly received and their reception can be deduced from the acknowledgements of packets 5 and 6. 5.2.2. Alternative 2: only sending the SID inside a frame This alternative is compatible with [QUICv1]. It defines a new SID frame as shown in Figure 4. SID { SID (i), } Figure 4: SID frame format A QUIC packet carrying an SID frame means that the frames following the SID frames in the packet payload are part of a FEC source symbol. The SID of this symbol is represented by the only field of the SID frame. A packet MUST NOT contain more than one SID frame. A packet whose payload is FEC-protected MUST contain a SID frame whose SID field is the SID of the related source symbol. This alternative has one drawback: the SID frame is not idempotent since it is related to its containing packet. An example of the use of the SID frame is shown in Figure 5. Sender Receiver | | | Pkt(5)[ACK[..], SID(0), STREAM(4, "abc")] | |------------------------------------------->| | | | Pkt(6)[STREAM(2, "xyz"), | | SID(1), STREAM(8, "def"), | | DATAGRAM("msg")] | |------------------------------------------->| | | | Pkt(1)[ACK[..]] | |<-------------------------------------------| | | Figure 5: SID Alternative 2 The source symbols carried by the packets in this example are the same as for Figure 3 and the outcome and wire format are the same. Michel & Bonaventure Expires 25 April 2024 [Page 8] Internet-Draft FEC for QUIC October 2023 5.2.3. Choosing an alternative One of these two design alternatives must be chosen to complete the design of this document. As authors, we tend to prefer Alternative 1 due to the idempotent character of the introduced frame. 5.3. Sending the repair symbols The repair symbols and the metadata attached to them are transferred using the REPAIR frame shown in Figure 6. REPAIR { FEC Scheme Specific Repair Payload (1..), } Figure 6: REPAIR frame format The payload of the REPAIR frame is specific to the underlying FEC scheme. In addition to the repair symbol itself, it may contain any metadata needed by the erasure-correcting code (e.g. identifying the source symbols protected by the repair symbol carried by the frame). Depending on the FEC scheme, the REPAIR frame MAY contain only a part of a repair symbol. 5.4. Announcing the coding window size The receiver needs to store the received symbols in order to recover the lost source symbols. The FEC_WINDOW frame is sent by the receiver to announce the number of symbols that can be stored simultaneously by the receiver at a given point of time. The format of the FEC_WINDOW frame is described in Figure 7. FEC_WINDOW { FEC Window Epoch (i), FEC Window Size (i), } Figure 7: FEC_WINDOW frame format The FEC Window Epoch field is a unique identifier for the announced window. The first epoch is set to 0. Each time a new FEC_WINDOW frame is sent, the FEC Window Epoch field is increased by exactly one. The Window Size field indicates the number of symbols that can be stored simultaneously by the receiver. The Window Size value overrides the window sizes received for smaller window epochs. Michel & Bonaventure Expires 25 April 2024 [Page 9] Internet-Draft FEC for QUIC October 2023 5.5. Announcing the recovered symbols The FEC receiver MAY advertise the recovered source symbols to avoid the sender retransmitting already recovered data. This can be done using the SYMBOL_ACK frame as shown in Figure 8. SYMBOL_ACK { Largest Acknowledged (i), ACK Range Count (i), First ACK Range (i), ACK Range (..) ..., } Figure 8: SYMBOL_ACK frame format The frame has a similar format as the ACK frame, announcing the reception of SIDs instead of packet numbers. In addition to symbols recovered by FEC, this frame MAY also announce symbols received regularly through the network to avoid gaps in the ACK ranges and reduce the frame size. There is no obligation for a FEC receiver to send SYMBOL_ACK frames. The FEC receiver MAY decide to only advertize a subset of the received source symbols. The SYMBOL_ACK frame MUST NOT be used to infer any congestion state on the network (see Section 6). 5.6. Example To illustrate the different mechanisms and frames introduced here, let us take an example where an application sends the bytes "ABCDEF" over a single QUIC stream. Figure 9 illustrates this example. In this example, the QUIC Sender sends the stream data into two separate regular STREAM frames. Following the Alternative 1 proposed in Section 5.2.1, these two STREAM frames are then placed into two SOURCE_SYMBOL frames sent in the QUIC packets PKT(42) and PKT(43). The two source symbols are protected by a REPAIR_SYMBOL frame sent in PKT(44). PKT(42), containing the bytes "ABC" is lost. Upon the reception of PKT(43), the bytes "DEF" must be stored by the receiver. The receiver then has to wait for receiving the first part of the stream before delivering "DEF" to the application. Once PKT(44) is received, the repair symbol it contains can be used to recompute the first source symbol containing the bytes "ABC" without having to wait for a retransmission. The receiver can then deliver "ABCDEF" to the application. The packets received through the network are acknowledged using a regular ACK frame and the recovered source symbol is acknowledged using a SYMBOL_ACK frame that lists the IDs of the recovered source symbols. Michel & Bonaventure Expires 25 April 2024 [Page 10] Internet-Draft FEC for QUIC October 2023 QUIC Sender QUIC Receiver | | App sends | | "ABCDEF" | PKT(42)[SOURCE_SYMBOL(1, STREAM{"ABC"})] | ---------->|---------------------x | | | | PKT(43)[SOURCE_SYMBOL(2, STREAM{"DEF"})] | |------------------------------------------>| Store "DEF" | | | PKT(44)[REPAIR_SYMBOL] | |------------------------------------------>| (Recompute ) | | (the source) | | (symbol ) | | | PKT(50)[ACK[42, 43], SYMBOL_ACK[1]] | (Empty rtx) |<------------------------------------------| Deliver ( queue) | | "ABCDEF" | | to the App | |----------> | | Figure 9: Recovering lost stream data using FEC 6. Coding and congestion control The fact of successfully recovering symbols SHOULD NOT be used to infer any congestion state on the network. More specifically, the recovery a of a symbol through FEC decoding SHOULD NOT be used to hide the network loss event of the corresponding packet to the congestion control, applying Recommandation 1 of [RFC9265]. 7. Negociating the FEC extension using transport parameters This section defines the new transport parameters used to negociate and parametrize the FEC extension described in this document. 7.1. enable_fec The use of the FEC extension is negociated using the enable_fec transport parameter defined in Table 1 : Michel & Bonaventure Expires 25 April 2024 [Page 11] Internet-Draft FEC for QUIC October 2023 +========+==========================================+ | Option | Definition | +========+==========================================+ | 0x0 | don't support FEC | +--------+------------------------------------------+ | 0x1 | supports FEC as defined in this document | +--------+------------------------------------------+ Table 1: Values for enable_fec When the enable_fec value is 0 or is not advertized by the peer, the QUIC endpoint MUST NOT use any frame or mechanism described in this document. 7.2. decoder_fec_scheme Each QUIC endpoint uses the decoder_fec_scheme transport parameter to define the FEC scheme used to decode the received repair symbols. The QUIC sender MUST use the specified FEC scheme to generate repair symbols. The decoder_fec_scheme parameter is an integer value representing the identifier of the desired FEC scheme. For instance, a FEC scheme using Reed Solomon could be identified by the ID 0x0 and a FEC scheme using LDPC could be identified by 0x1. This document does not specify nor identify any FEC scheme yet. Several FEC schemes have been proposed [I-D.roca-nwcrg-rlc-fec-scheme-for-quic] [RFC6865] [I-D.irtf-nwcrg-tetrys]. The next version of this document will detail how some of these schemes can be directly integrated in QUIC. Future versions of this document will provide ways to format FEC scheme-specific payload for REPAIR frames. When the decoder_fec_scheme parameter is not advertized by the peer, the QUIC sender MUST NOT send any repair symbol. 7.3. initial_coding_window Each QUIC endpoint uses the initial_coding_window transport parameter to define the initial coding window size it uses to store source and repair symbols (see Section 5.4). When the initial_coding_window parameter is not advertized by the peer, the QUIC sender MUST consider a default value of 0 and MUST NOT send any repair symbol. 8. Security Considerations The FEC mechanism for QUIC only runs under 0-RTT and 1-RTT encryption levels and only operates inside the encrypted payload. Michel & Bonaventure Expires 25 April 2024 [Page 12] Internet-Draft FEC for QUIC October 2023 8.1. DoS due to difficult symbols recoveries An attacker could try to cause a DoS of a receiver by selectively sending source and repair symbols to trigger intensive erasure correction operations on the receiver. A QUIC receiver is never forced to perform any erasure correction and may ignore any received repair symbol if it has doubts in its capabilities to decode it in a reasonable amount of time. 9. IANA Considerations _Disclaimer: the IDs defined in this section are present for experimental_ _purposes only. They are not requested codepoints and are subject to change_ _in the next versions of this document._ This document defines three new transport parameters and five new frames. The SID and SOURCE_SYMBOL frames serve the same purpose. One of them will be removed in next versions of this document. The values present in the tables are used for experiments. 9.1. New transport parameters +==============+=======================+===============+ | Parameter ID | Parameter name | Specification | +==============+=======================+===============+ | 0x238ffeceXX | enable_fec | Section 7.1 | +--------------+-----------------------+---------------+ | 0x238ffecd | decoder_fec_scheme | Section 7.2 | +--------------+-----------------------+---------------+ | 0x238ffecc | initial_coding_window | Section 7.3 | +--------------+-----------------------+---------------+ Table 2: New transport parameters The XX in 0x238ffeceXX are to be replaced by the version of this document that is implemented by the QUIC endpoint (e.g. the parameter ID for the version 00 of this document is 0x238ffece00). 9.2. New frames +==============+===============+===============+ | Frame ID | Frame name | Specification | +==============+===============+===============+ | 0x32a80fec | REPAIR | Section 5.3 | +--------------+---------------+---------------+ | 0x32a80fec55 | SOURCE_SYMBOL | Section 5.2.1 | +--------------+---------------+---------------+ | 0x32a80fec1d | SID | Section 5.2.2 | Michel & Bonaventure Expires 25 April 2024 [Page 13] Internet-Draft FEC for QUIC October 2023 +--------------+---------------+---------------+ | 0x32a80fecac | SYMBOL_ACK | Section 5.5 | +--------------+---------------+---------------+ | 0x32a80fecc0 | FEC_WINDOW | Section 5.4 | +--------------+---------------+---------------+ Table 3: New frames Acknowledgments Maxime Piraux, Louis Navarre and all the authors of [I-D.swett-nwcrg-coding-for-quic]. References Normative References [QUIC-DATAGRAM] Pauly, T., Kinnear, E., and D. Schinazi, "An Unreliable Datagram Extension to QUIC", RFC 9221, DOI 10.17487/RFC9221, March 2022, . [QUIC-RECOVERY] Iyengar, J., Ed. and I. Swett, Ed., "QUIC Loss Detection and Congestion Control", RFC 9002, DOI 10.17487/RFC9002, May 2021, . [QUICv1] Iyengar, J., Ed. and M. Thomson, Ed., "QUIC: A UDP-Based Multiplexed and Secure Transport", RFC 9000, DOI 10.17487/RFC9000, May 2021, . [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997, . [RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174, May 2017, . [RFC9265] Kuhn, N., Lochin, E., Michel, F., and M. Welzl, "Forward Erasure Correction (FEC) Coding and Congestion Control in Transport", RFC 9265, DOI 10.17487/RFC9265, July 2022, . Informative References Michel & Bonaventure Expires 25 April 2024 [Page 14] Internet-Draft FEC for QUIC October 2023 [FlEC] Michel, F., Cohen, A., Malak, D., De Coninck, Q., Médard, M., and O. Bonaventure, "FlEC: Enhancing QUIC With Application-Tailored Reliability Mechanisms", Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 606-619, DOI 10.1109/tnet.2022.3195611, April 2023, . [I-D.irtf-nwcrg-tetrys] Detchart, J., Lochin, E., Lacan, J., and V. Roca, "Tetrys: An On-the-Fly Network Coding Protocol", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-irtf-nwcrg-tetrys-04, 17 November 2022, . [I-D.roca-nwcrg-rlc-fec-scheme-for-quic] Roca, V., Michel, F., Swett, I., and M. Montpetit, "Sliding Window Random Linear Code (RLC) Forward Erasure Correction (FEC) Schemes for QUIC", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-roca-nwcrg-rlc-fec-scheme-for-quic- 03, 9 March 2020, . [I-D.swett-nwcrg-coding-for-quic] Swett, I., Montpetit, M., Roca, V., and F. Michel, "Coding for QUIC", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-swett- nwcrg-coding-for-quic-04, 9 March 2020, . [QUIC-FEC] Michel, F., De Coninck, Q., and O. Bonaventure, "QUIC-FEC: Bringing the benefits of Forward Erasure Correction to QUIC", IEEE, 2019 IFIP Networking Conference (IFIP Networking), DOI 10.23919/ifipnetworking.2019.8816838, May 2019, . [RFC6865] Roca, V., Cunche, M., Lacan, J., Bouabdallah, A., and K. Matsuzono, "Simple Reed-Solomon Forward Error Correction (FEC) Scheme for FECFRAME", RFC 6865, DOI 10.17487/RFC6865, February 2013, . Michel & Bonaventure Expires 25 April 2024 [Page 15] Internet-Draft FEC for QUIC October 2023 [rQUIC] Garrido, P., Sanchez, I., Ferlin, S., Aguero, R., and O. Alay, "rQUIC: Integrating FEC with QUIC for Robust Wireless Communications", IEEE, 2019 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), DOI 10.1109/globecom38437.2019.9013401, December 2019, . Authors' Addresses François Michel UCLouvain Email: francois.michel@uclouvain.be Olivier Bonaventure UCLouvain, WEL RI Email: olivier.bonaventure@uclouvain.be Michel & Bonaventure Expires 25 April 2024 [Page 16]