Getting Ready for Energy-Efficient Networking                  B. Claise
Internet-Draft                                                    Huawei
Intended status: Informational                           L. M. Contreras
Expires: 17 November 2025                                     Telefonica
                                                             J. Lindblad
                                                                 For.Eco
                                                              M. Palmero
                                                     Cisco Systems, Inc.
                                                              E. Stephan
                                                                  Orange
                                                                   Q. Wu
                                                                  Huawei
                                                             16 May 2025


               Framework for Energy Efficiency Management
                     draft-belmq-green-framework-00

Abstract

   Recognizing the urgent need for energy efficiency, this document
   specifies a management framework focused on devices and device
   components within, or connected to, interconnected systems.  The
   framework aims to optimize energy usage and ensure interoperability
   across diverse systems.  Leveraging data from existing use cases, it
   delivers actionable metrics to support effective energy management
   and informed decision-making.  Furthermore, the framework proposes
   mechanisms for representing and organizing timestamped telemetry data
   using YANG models and metadata, enabling transparent and reliable
   monitoring.  This structured approach facilitates improved energy
   efficiency through consistent energy management practices.

About This Document

   This note is to be removed before publishing as an RFC.

   The latest revision of this draft can be found at
   https://marisolpalmero.github.io/draft-belm-green-framework/draft-
   belmq-green-framework.html.  Status information for this document may
   be found at https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-belmq-green-
   framework/.

   Discussion of this document takes place on the Getting Ready for
   Energy-Efficient Networking mailing list (mailto:green@ietf.org),
   which is archived at https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/browse/green/.
   Subscribe at https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/green/.





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   Source for this draft and an issue tracker can be found at
   https://github.com/marisolpalmero/draft-belm-green-framework.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on 17 November 2025.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2025 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/
   license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document.
   Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights
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   provided without warranty as described in the Revised BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  TO DO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   2.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
     2.1.  Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
   3.  Motivation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     3.1.  Impact on Energy Metrics  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     3.2.  Current Device Readiness  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     3.3.  Why Now?  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
   4.  Reference Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
     4.1.  Typical Power Topologies  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
       4.1.1.  Basic Power Supply  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
       4.1.2.  Single Power Supply with Multiple Devices . . . . . .  11
       4.1.3.  Multiple Power Supplies with Single Device  . . . . .  13



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   5.  Conventions and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
   6.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
   7.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
   8.  Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
   9.  References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  15
     9.1.  Normative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  15
     9.2.  Informative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  15
   10. Appendix  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  15
   11. References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  15
     11.1.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  15
     11.2.  Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  15
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  16

1.  TO DO

   *  IEC60050 reference needs a new URL

2.  Introduction

   In reference to https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-stephan-green-
   use-cases/, analyzing use cases such as the "Incremental Application
   of the GREEN Framework" and "Consideration of other domains for
   obtention of end-to-end metrics", it reveals the critical need for a
   structured approach to transitioning network devices towards energy-
   efficient operations.  The framework is essential for:

   *  Standardization: Ensuring consistent practices across different
      devices and network segments to facilitate interoperability.

   *  Efficient Energy Management: Providing guidelines to identify
      inefficiencies and implement improvements.

   *  Scalability: Offering solutions that accommodate growing network
      demands and complexity.

   *  Cost Reduction: Optimizing energy usage to lower operational costs
      and extend equipment lifecycles.

   *  Competitiveness: Enabling organizations to maintain a competitive
      edge through enhanced sustainability.

   *  Environmental Impact: Supporting broader sustainability
      initiatives by reducing carbon footprints.

   *  Simplified Implementation: Streamlining the deployment of energy-
      efficient measures to minimize service disruptions.





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   *  Security: Protecting sensitive operations related to power states
      and consumption.

      This document defines an Energy Management framework for devices
      within, or connected to, communication networks, for the use cases
      described in https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-stephan-green-
      use-cases/.  The devices, or the components of these devices (such
      as line cards, fans, and disks), can then be monitored and
      controlled.  Monitoring includes measuring power, energy, demand,
      and attributes of power.  Energy Control can be performed by
      setting a device's or component's state.  The devices monitored by
      this framework can be either of the following:

      -  consumers of energy (such as routers and computer systems) and
         components of such devices (such as line cards, fans, and
         disks)

      -  producers of energy (like an uninterruptible power supply or
         renewable energy system) and their associated components (such
         as battery cells, inverters, or photovoltaic panels)

2.1.  Terminology

   The following terms are defined in [I-D.draft-bclp-green-terminology]
   and EMAN Framework [RFC7326]: Energy, Power, Energy Management,
   Energy Monitoring, Energy Control.

   The following terms are defined in EMAN Framework [RFC7326], and cut/
   paste here for completeness:

   Energy Management System (EnMS) An Energy Management System is a
   combination of hardware and software used to administer a network,
   with the primary purpose of Energy Management.


















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     NOTES:

     1. An Energy Management System according to [ISO50001] (ISO-EnMS)
        is a set of systems or procedures upon which organizations can
        develop and implement an energy policy, set targets and action
        plans, and take into account legal requirements related to
        energy use.  An ISO-EnMS allows organizations to improve energy
        performance and demonstrate conformity to requirements,
        standards, and/or legal requirements.

     2. Example ISO-EnMS: Company A defines a set of policies and
        procedures indicating that there should exist multiple
        computerized systems that will poll energy measurements from
        their meters and pricing / source data from their local
        utility.  Company A specifies that their CFO (Chief Financial
        Officer) should collect information and summarize it quarterly
        to be sent to an accounting firm to produce carbon accounting
        reporting as required by their local government.

     3. For the purposes of EMAN, the definition herein is the
        preferred meaning of an EnMS.  The definition from [ISO50001]
        can be referred to as an ISO Energy Management System
        (ISO-EnMS).

   Device A device is a piece of electrical or non-electrical equipment.

     Reference: Adapted from [IEEE100].

   Component A component is a part of electrical or non-electrical
   equipment (device).

     Reference: Adapted from [TMN].

   Meter (Energy Meter) A meter is a device intended to measure
   electrical energy by integrating power with respect to time.

     Reference: Adapted from [IEC60050].

   Power Inlet A power inlet (or simply "inlet") is an interface at
   which a device or component receives energy from another device or
   component.

   Power Outlet A power outlet (or simply "outlet") is an interface at
   which a device or component provides energy to another device or
   component.

   Power Interface A Power Interface is a power inlet, outlet, or both.




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   Power State A Power State is a condition or mode of a device (or
   component) that broadly characterizes its capabilities, power, and
   responsiveness to input.

     Reference: Adapted from [IEEE1621].

   Power State Set A Power State Set is a collection of Power States
   that comprises a named or logical control grouping.

3.  Motivation

3.1.  Impact on Energy Metrics

   The framework will significantly enhance the creation of energy
   metrics with actionable insights by:

   *  Standardizing Metrics: Establishing consistent measurement
      protocols for energy consumption and efficiency.

   *  Enhancing Data Collection: Facilitating comprehensive monitoring
      and data aggregation across devices.

   *  Supporting Real-time Monitoring: Enabling dynamic tracking and
      immediate optimization of energy usage.

   *  Integration Across Devices: Ensuring interoperability for network-
      wide data analysis.

   *  Providing Actionable Insights: Translating raw data into
      meaningful information for decision-making.

3.2.  Current Device Readiness

   While many modern networking devices have basic energy monitoring
   capabilities, these are often proprietary.  The framework will define
   requirements to enhance these capabilities, enabling standardized
   metric production and meaningful data contributions for energy
   management goals.

3.3.  Why Now?

   The decision to define the framework now, rather than later, is
   driven by:

   *  Immediate Benefits: Start realizing cost savings, reduced carbon
      footprints, and improved efficiencies.





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   *  Rapid Technological Advancements: Aligning the framework with
      current technologies to prevent obsolescence.

   *  Increasing Energy Demands: Mitigating the impact of growing energy
      consumption on costs and sustainability.

   *  Regulatory Pressure: Preparing for compliance with existing and
      anticipated sustainability regulations.

   *  Competitive Advantage: Positioning organizations as leaders in
      sustainability and innovation.

   *  Foundational Work Ready: Building on the use cases and
      requirements established in Phase I.

   *  Proactive Risk Management: Minimizing risks associated with energy
      costs and environmental factors.

   *  Facilitate Future Innovations: Creating a platform for continuous
      improvements and adaptations.

   *  Stakeholder Engagement: Ensuring diverse perspectives are
      reflected for broader adoption.

   In conclusion, establishing the framework for energy efficiency
   management now is strategic and timely, leveraging the current
   momentum of use cases and requirements to drive meaningful progress
   in energy efficiency management.  Delaying its development could
   result in missed opportunities for immediate benefits, increased
   costs, and challenges in adapting to future technological and
   regulatory landscapes.

4.  Reference Model

   The framework introduces the concept of a Power Interface that is
   analogous to a network interface.  A Power Interface is defined as an
   interconnection among devices where energy can be provided, received,
   or both.













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   The most basic example of Energy Management is a single device
   reporting information about itself.  In many cases, however, energy
   is not measured by the device itself but is measured upstream in the
   power distribution tree.  For example, a Power Distribution Unit
   (PDU) may measure the energy it supplies to attached devices and
   report this to an Energy Management System.  Therefore, devices often
   have relationships to other devices or components in the power
   network.  An Energy Management System (EnMS) generally requires an
   understanding of the power topology (who provides power to whom), the
   Metering topology (who meters whom), and the potential Aggregation
   (who aggregates values of others).

   The relationships build on the Power Interface concept.  The
   different relationships among devices and components, as specified in
   this document, include power source, Metering, and Aggregation
   Relationships.

   The framework does not cover non-electrical equipment, nor does it
   cover energy procurement and manufacturing.
































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  +--------------------------------------------------------------------+
  |                                                                    |
  |                  (3) Network Domain Level                          |
  |                                                                    |
  +--------------------------------------------------------------------+

  (a)              (b)              (c)
  Inventory        Monitor       +- DataSheets/DataBase and/or via API
  Of identity      Energy        |  Metadata and other device/component
  and Capability   Efficiency    |  /network related information:
       ^               ^         |
       |               |         |  .Power/Energy related metrics
       |               |         |  .information
       |               |         |  .origin of Energy Mix
       |               |         |  .carbon aware based on location
       |               |         |
       |               |         |
       |               |         |
       |               |         v
  +--------------------------------------------------------------------+
  |                                                                    |
  |       (2) controller (collection, compute and aggregate?)          |
  |                                                                    |
  +--------------------------------------------------------------------+
                  ^                      ^                      ^ |
       (d)        |     (e)              |   (f)                | |
       Inventory  |     Monitor power    |   Control            | |
       Capability |     Proportion       |   (Energy saving     | |
                  |     Energy efficiency|   Functionality      | |
                  |     ratio, power     |   Localized mgmt/    | |
                  |     consumption,     |   network wide mgmt) | |
                  |     etc)             |                      | |
                  |                      |                      | v
  +--------------------------------------------------------------------+
  |                                                                    |
  |                       (1) Device/Component                         |
  |                                                                    |
  | +---------+  +-----------+  +----------------+  +----------------+ |
  | | (I)     |  | (II)      |  | (III)          |  | (IV)           | |
  | |         |  |           |  | Legacy         |  | 'Attached'(PoE | |
  | | Device  |  | Component |  | Device         |  | kind) Device   | |
  | |         |  |           |  |                |  |                | |
  | +---------+  +-----------+  +----------------+  +----------------+ |
  +--------------------------------------------------------------------+

                     Figure 1: GREEN Reference Model

   The main elements in the framework are as follows:



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   (a),(d) Discovery and Inventory

   (b),(c) GREEN Metrics

   (b),(e) Monitor energy efficiency

   (f) Control Energy Saving

   The monitoring interface (e) obviously monitor more aspects than just
   power and energy, (for example traffic monitoring) but this is not
   covered in the framework.

   Note that this framework specificies logical blocks, however, the
   Energy Efficiency Management Function might be implemented inside the
   device or in the controller.

4.1.  Typical Power Topologies

   The following reference model describes physical power topologies
   that exist in parallel with a communication topology.  While many
   more topologies can be created with a combination of devices, the
   following are some basic ones that show how Energy Management
   topologies differ from Network Management topologies.  Only the
   controller, devices and components, are depicted here, as the Network
   Domain Level remains identical.

   NOTE: "###" is used to denote a transfer of energy.  "- >" is used to
   denote a transfer of information.

4.1.1.  Basic Power Supply





















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  +--------------------------------------------------------------------+
  |                                                                    |
  |                  (3) Network Domain Level                          |
  |                                                                    |
  +--------------------------------------------------------------------+

  (a)              (b)              (c)
  Inventory        Monitor       +- DataSheets/DataBase and/or via API
  Of identity      Energy        |  Metadata and other device/component
  and Capability   Efficiency    |  /network related information:
       ^               ^         |
       |               |         |  .Power/Energy related metrics
       |               |         |  .information
       |               |         |  .origin of Energy Mix
       |               |         |  .carbon aware based on location
       |               |         |
       |               |         |
       |               |         |
       |               |         v
  +--------------------------------------------------------------------+
  |                                                                    |
  |       (2) controller (collection, compute and aggregate?)          |
  |                                                                    |
  +--------------------------------------------------------------------+
                ^   ^   ^ |                    ^   ^   ^ |
                |   |   | |                    |   |   | |
               (d) (e)  (f)                   (d) (e)  (f)
                |   |   | |                    |   |   | |
                |   |     v                    |   |     v
              +--------------+            +-------------------+
              |              |            |                   |
              | Power Supply |############| Device/Component/ |
              |              |            | Attached PoE      |
              |              |            |                   |
              +--------------+            +-------------------+

          Figure 2: Reference Model Example: Basic Power Supply

4.1.2.  Single Power Supply with Multiple Devices












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  +--------------------------------------------------------------------+
  |                                                                    |
  |                  (3) Network Domain Level                          |
  |                                                                    |
  +--------------------------------------------------------------------+

  (a)              (b)              (c)
  Inventory        Monitor       +- DataSheets/DataBase and/or via API
  Of identity      Energy        |  Metadata and other device/component
  and Capability   Efficiency    |  /network related information:
       ^               ^         |
       |               |         |  .Power/Energy related metrics
       |               |         |  .information
       |               |         |  .origin of Energy Mix
       |               |         |  .carbon aware based on location
       |               |         |
       |               |         |
       |               |         |
       |               |         v
  +--------------------------------------------------------------------+
  |                                                                    |
  |       (2) controller (collection, compute and aggregate?)          |
  |                                                                    |
  +--------------------------------------------------------------------+
                ^   ^   ^ |                   ^   ^   ^ |
                |   |   | |                   |   |   | |
               (d) (e)  (f)                  (d) (e)  (f) ... N
                |   |   | |                   |   |   | |
                |   |     v                   |   |     v
              +--------------+            +--------------------+
              |              |            |                    |
              | Power Supply |############| Device/Component 1 |
              | (Smart PDU)  |  #         |                    |
              |              |  #         +--------------------+
              +--------------+  #
                                #
                                #         +--------------------+
                                #         |                    |
                                ##########| Device/Component 2 |
                                   #      |                    |
                                   #      +--------------------+
                                   #
                                   #      +--------------------+
                                   #      |                    |
                                   #######| Device/Component N |
                                          |                    |
                                          +--------------------+




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       Figure 3: Reference Model Example: Single Power Supply with
                             Multiple Devices

4.1.3.  Multiple Power Supplies with Single Device

 +--------------------------------------------------------------------+
 |                                                                    |
 |                  (3) Network Domain Level                          |
 |                                                                    |
 +--------------------------------------------------------------------+

 (a)              (b)              (c)
 Inventory        Monitor       +- DataSheets/DataBase and/or via API
 Of identity      Energy        |  Metadata and other device/component
 and Capability   Efficiency    |  /network related information:
      ^               ^         |
      |               |         |  .Power/Energy related metrics
      |               |         |  .information
      |               |         |  .origin of Energy Mix
      |               |         |  .carbon aware based on location
      |               |         |
      |               |         |
      |               |         |
      |               |         v
 +--------------------------------------------------------------------+
 |                                                                    |
 |       (2) controller (collection, compute and aggregate?)          |
 |                                                                    |
 +--------------------------------------------------------------------+
       ^   ^   ^ |              ^   ^   ^ |               ^   ^   ^ |
       |   |   | |              |   |   | |               |   |   | |
      (d) (e)  (f)             (d) (e)  (f)              (d) (e)  (f)
       |   |   | |              |   |   | |               |   |   | |
       |   |     v              |   |     v               |   |     v
    +----------------+      +------------------+      +----------------+
    |                |      |                  |      |                |
    | Power Supply 1 |######| Device/Component |######| Power Supply 2 |
    |                |      |                  |      |                |
    +----------------+      +------------------+      +----------------+

    Figure 4: Reference Model Example: Multiple Power Supplies with
                             Single Device









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5.  Conventions and Definitions

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
   "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
   BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
   capitals, as shown here.

6.  Security Considerations

   Resiliency is an implicit use case of energy efficiency management
   which comes with numerous security considerations :

   Controlling Power State and power supply of entities are considered
   highly sensitive actions, since they can significantly affect the
   operation of directly and indirectly connected devices.  Therefore,
   all control actions must be sufficiently protected through
   authentication, authorization, and integrity protection mechanisms.

   Entities that are not sufficiently secure to operate directly on the
   public Internet do exist and can be a significant cause of risk, for
   example, if the remote control functions can be exercised on those
   devices from anywhere on the Internet.

   The monitoring of energy-related quantities of an entity as addressed
   can be used to derive more information than just the received and
   provided energy; therefore, monitored data requires protection.  This
   protection includes authentication and authorization of entities
   requesting access to monitored data as well as confidentiality
   protection during transmission of monitored data.  Privacy of stored
   data in an entity must be taken into account.  Monitored data may be
   used as input to control, accounting, and other actions, so integrity
   of transmitted information and authentication of the origin may be
   needed.

7.  IANA Considerations

   This document has no IANA actions.

8.  Acknowledgments

   This framework takes into account concepts from the Energy MANagement
   (EMAN) Framework [RFC7326], authors by John Parello, Benoit Claise,
   Brad Schoening, and Juergen Quittek.







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9.  References

9.1.  Normative References

9.2.  Informative References

10.  Appendix

   This appendix should be removed when the initial set of GREEN WG
   documents will be stable

11.  References

11.1.  Normative References

   [I-D.draft-bclp-green-terminology]
              Liu, P. C., Boucadair, M., Wu, Q., Contreras, L. M., and
              M. Palmero, "Terminology for Energy Efficiency Network
              Management", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-bclp-
              green-terminology-01, 23 April 2025,
              <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-bclp-green-
              terminology-01>.

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2119>.

   [RFC8174]  Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
              2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
              May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8174>.

11.2.  Informative References

   [IEC60050] IEC, "Power Utility Automation", 11 December 2000,
              <http://www.iec.ch/smartgrid/standards/>.

   [IEEE100]  IEEE, "The Authoritative Dictionary of IEEE Standards
              Terms", 11 December 2000, <http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/
              mostRecentIssue.jsp?punumber=4116785>.

   [IEEE1621] IEEE, "Standard for User Interface Elements in Power
              Control of Electronic Devices Employed in Office/Consumer
              Environments, IEEE 1621", December 2004.







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   [RFC7326]  Parello, J., Claise, B., Schoening, B., and J. Quittek,
              "Energy Management Framework", RFC 7326,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC7326, September 2014,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7326>.

   [TMN]      "International Telecommunication Union, "TMN management
              functions"", February 2000, <ITU-T Recommendation M.3400>.

Authors' Addresses

   Benoit Claise
   Huawei
   Email: benoit.claise@huawei.com


   Luis M. Contreras
   Telefonica
   Email: luismiguel.contrerasmurillo@telefonica.com


   Jan Lindblad
   For.Eco
   Email: jan.lindblad+ietf@for.eco


   Marisol Palmero
   Cisco Systems, Inc.
   Email: mpalmero@cisco.com


   Emile Stephan
   Orange
   Email: emile.stephan@orange.com


   Qin Wu
   Huawei
   Email: bill.wu@huawei.com













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