Internet DRAFT - draft-wang-6lo-wiapa
draft-wang-6lo-wiapa
6Lo Working Group H. Wang
Internet Draft P. Wang
Interned status: Standards Track J. Zou
Expires: September 19, 2016 X.Y. Wei
Chongqing University of
Posts and Telecommunications
March 18, 2016
Transmission of IPv6 Packets over WIA-PA Networks
draft-wang-6lo-wiapa-04
Abstract
This document describes an Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) packet
transmission scheme for Wireless Networks for Industrial Automation-
Process Automation (WIA-PA) networks. According to the specific
demands of WIA-PA networks, the document proposes the improved WIA-
PA protocol stack architecture for IPv6 technology, and the
transmission format of IPv6 packets for WIA-PA networks. Furthermore,
based on the characteristics of WIA-PA networks, the IPv6 address
auto-configuration method is also proposed.
Status of this Memo
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reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
This Internet-Draft will expire on September 19, 2016.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2015 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
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(http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
publication of this document. Please review these documents
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction ................................................. 3
1.1. Requirements Notation ................................... 4
1.2. Terms Uesd .............................................. 4
2. WIA-PA Standard .............................................. 4
2.1. WIA-PA Network Topology ................................. 5
2.2. WIA-PA Protocol Architecture ............................ 5
2.3. Address Types of WIA-PA Networks ........................ 7
3. Specification of IPv6 over WIA-PA Networks ................... 7
3.1. Protocol Stack .......................................... 7
3.2. Network Layer Frame Format .............................. 9
3.2.1. Network Layer Frame Format ......................... 9
3.2.2. Network Layer Command Frame ....................... 10
3.2.3. Transmission Format of IPv6 Packets ............... 11
3.3. Stateless Address Auto-Configuration Scheme ............ 12
3.4. Multicast Address Conversion Method .................... 14
4. IANA Considerations ......................................... 15
5. Security Considerations ..................................... 15
6. Conclusions ................................................. 16
7. Acknowledgments ............................................. 16
8. References .................................................. 16
8.1. Normative References ................................... 16
8.2. Informative References ................................. 16
8.3. External Informative References ........................ 17
Authors' Addresses ............................................. 17
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1. Introduction
It has been well known that Wireless Networks for Industrial
Automation-Process Automation (WIA-PA) standard became the national
standard of China, as well as the international standard approved by
the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) in 2011. WIA-PA
is an industrial wireless network standard towards industrial
process automation, which consists of host, gateway, routing, field
devices and handheld devices. WIA-PA networks have been widely used
in factories, mines, smart home, intelligent transportation and all
scenes related to the Internet of Things. Internet Protocol Version
6 (IPv6) is designed by Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) with
the advantage of high security, good mobility, address auto-
configuration and abundant address resources. Recently, there has
been a considerable interest in the transmission of IPv6 packets in
industrial wireless sensor networks. For the research on the IPv6
key technologies and standards, IETF sets up the corresponding
working groups. For instance, 6lo working group, which is devoted to
applying IPv6 technology to resource-limited networks, and IPv6-
based Low-power Personal Area Network (6LoWPAN) protocol has been
the main standard of IPv6 application for wireless sensor networks.
There exists a trend to apply IP technology to field devices for
industrial applications, without a doubt, it also meets the demand
of market. In 2013, ZigBee Alliance published the ZigBee IP
specification, which makes a great contribution to connecting
wireless sensor networks to Internet seamlessly via IPv6 technology.
The network layer of ISA100.11a standard published by Industry
Subversive Alliance (ISA) International Society of Automation has
been fully compatible with 6LowPAN technology. In addition, Highway
Addressable Remote Transducer (HART) fund published Wireless HART
standard, and introduced the latest HART function HART-IP in Hanover
Industrial Fair in 2014. Nevertheless, in China, none of the key
technology of WIA-PA standard is related to IPv6, and it is rare to
discuss IPv6 for WIA-PA networks abroad. It is important to realize
that through IPv6 technology, we can achieve the interconnection
between WIA-PA networks and Internet. For the Internet, a variety of
technologies and mature applications can be extended to WIA-PA
networks directly, and for WIA-PA networks, we can extend the range
of transmission among industrial devices to all over the world.
[RFC4944] has defined the transmission of IPv6 packets on IEEE
802.15.4. The WIA-PA standard based on IEEE 802.15.4 has been used
extensively in industrial process measurement, monitoring and
surveillance. In [RFC4944], IPv6 technology can be applied to
support the transmission of IPv6 packets over WIA-PA networks.
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The aim of this document is to introduce the IPv6 transmission over
WIA-PA networks.
1.1. Requirements Notation
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].
1.2. Terms Uesd
WIA-PA: ''Wireless Networks for Industrial Automation-Process
Automation'', a Chinese industrial wireless specification,
is passed by 96% of IEC(International Electrotechnical
Commission) members, and formally released as IEC/PAS 62601
standard document.
IPv6: Internet Protocol Version 6
IEC: International Electrotechnical Commission
IETF: Internet Engineering Task Force
IEEE: Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers
6LoWPAN: IPv6-based Low-power Personal Area Network
ISA: Industry Subversive Alliance
HART: Highway Addressable Remote Transducer
OSI: Open System Interconnect Reference Model
MAC: Medium Access Control
TDMA: Time Division Multiple Access
CSMA: Carrier Sense Multiple Access
PANID: Personal Area Network ID
2. WIA-PA Standard
This section provides a brief overview of WIA-PA standard. We will
introduce its network topology, protocol architecture and address
types.
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2.1. WIA-PA Network Topology
WIA-PA network topology SHOULD have two layers and it is a
combination of star topology and mesh topology. The first layer is a
MESH network, which is made up of gateways and routing nodes and can
enhance robustness of WIA-PA networks. Moreover, WIA-PA networks
also define redundancy gateways and redundancy routings, which
enhances the reliability and self-healing capacity of the network.
The second layer is a star network, which consists of routing nodes
and field devices, and it is easy for network maintenance and
management due to the relatively simple topology. And the WIA-PA
network topology is shown in Figure 1.
Host
|
|
|
|
Node Gateway Node
\ / \ /
\ / \ /
Router Router
/ | \ / | \
/ | \ / | \
Node | \ / | Node
| \ / |
| / |
| / \ |
Node | / \ | Node
\ | / \ | /
\ | / \ | /
Router ------- Router-----------Handheld
/ \
/ \
Node Node
Figure 1: WIA-PA Network Topology
2.2. WIA-PA Protocol Architecture
WIA-PA network protocol follows OSI reference model, however, it
only defines data link layer, network layer and application layer,
physical layer and MAC layer are based on IEEE 802.15.4. And The
WIA-PA network protocol stack is shown here:
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------------+---------------------------------+ +--------------------------------------------+
| User Application Process | | Device Management Application Process |
+------------+ +----------------+ +-------------------+ +----------------------+
| User | | User | |Network Management | | Security Management |
|Application |...| Application | +-------------------+ +----------------------+
Application | Object 1 | | Object n | | |
+------------+ +----------------+ | +---------------+ |
| +-----------+ | | | | |
Layer +--------+ ASLDE-SAP +------------+--+----+ ASLDE-SAP +-------------+ |
+--------+ +--------------------+ +-----------+ | |
| +-----------+ +---------------+ | | |
+-------------+----------------+ +-----------+----------+ +-+-+-+ |
|Communication| Polymerization |Application|Application|Management| |ASLME| |
| | and | | Layer | | | | |
| Mode |Depolymerization| Sublayer | Security | Services | |-SAP | |
+-------------+----------------+ +-----------+----------+ +-+-+-+ |
| +----------+ +-------------+ | | |
------------+--------+ NLDE-SAP +---------------------+ NLME-SAP +-------------+ | |
+--------+ +---------------------+ +-------------+ | + - + |
| +----------+ +-------------+ | | | | |
+------------+---------+ +-------------+----------++-+-+-+ | M | |
Network | Addressing | Router | Network Layer |Fragmentation|Management||NMLE | | | |
Layer +------------+---------+ | and | || | | I | |
| |Restructuring| Services ||-SAP | | | |
+-----------------------------------------+-------------+----------++-+-+-+ | B | |
| +----------+ +--------------+ | | | | |
+--------+ DLDE-SAP +---------------------+ DLME-SAP +------------+ | | | |
------------+--------+ +---------------------+ +------------+ | + - + |
| +----------+ +--------------+ | | |
+---------------+----------+ Data +-------+--------+-----------+ +-+-+-+ |
| Time |Superframe| Link | Hop | Link | Management| |DLME | |
Data |Synchronization|Scheduling|Sublayer|Channel| Layer | | | | |
Link +---------------+----------+ | |Security| Services | |-SAP | |
Layer | +-------+--------+-----------+ +-+-+-+ |
| +----------+ +--------------+ | | |
+--------+ MLDE-SAP +---------------------+ MLME-SAP +------------+ +---------+
+--------+ +---------------------+ +------------+
| +----------+ +--------------+ |
| IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Layer |
| |
------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
Physical | |
Layer | IEEE 802.15.4 Physical Layer |
------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
Figure 2: Protocol Architecture of WIA-PA Networks
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2.3. Address Types of WIA-PA Networks
As for address types, in WIA-PA networks, all devices MUST have
globally unique EUI-64 long addresses and 16-bit short addresses.
Devices are assigned EUI-64 long addresses by manufacturers and 16-
bit short addresses by host, and they communicate for one another
with a short address.
3. Specification of IPv6 over WIA-PA Networks
In this section, we define the specification of IPv6 packets over
WIA-PA networks.
WIA-PA standard has defined MESH router mechanism,
aggregation/disaggregation and fragmentation/restructuring, thus for
WIA-PA networks with IPv6 technology, we SHOULD NOT adopt the MESH
router mechanism and the fragmentation/restructuring defined by
6LoWPAN. However, in [RFC4944] and [RFC6282], address compression
and stateless address auto-configuration SHOULD be applied to WIA-PA
networks.
3.1. Protocol Stack
The IPv6 over WIA-PA protocol stack is shown in Figure 3. The
protocol stack contains application layer, transport layer, network
layer, data link layer and physical layer, and the functions of each
layer are as follows:
o Application layer: It defines the communication service to support
the communications among a plurality of objects of distributed
applications in industrial environment. For data communication
service, it mainly includes three types of modes: client/server
communication, publish/subscribe communication and report
communication.
o Transport layer: It uses the connectionless and small footprint UDP
protocol, and provides the service between network layer and
application layer. Meanwhile, it also completes the encapsulation and
parsing of UDP packets and the establishment and destruction of UDP
connection.
o Network layer: It is divided into network layer upper and network
layer lower, wherein the network layer upper is the Internet layer
which consists of IP layer and adaptation layer. The main tasks of IP
layer are IPv6 packets encapsulation, address resolution, and
providing mobility support and stateless address auto-configuration,
etc. IPv6 header compression mechanism and padding message values are
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executed in adaptation layer. Network layer lower is WIA-PA network
layer, which is mainly used for the network layer of WIA-PA standard.
In addition, MESH subnet routing and addressing are also achieved in
Network layer lower.
o Data link layer and physical layer: Both of them adopt the techniques
of WIA-PA standard. Data link layer supports radio frequency (RF)
channel access, and device network joining, etc. Physical layer is
used for energy detection, channel selection, as well as starting and
ending a RF transceiver.
--------------+----------------------------------+ +-----------------------------------------+
| User Application Process | | Device Management Application Process |
+-------------+ +----------------+ +-------------------+ +-------------------+
| User | | User | |Network Management | |Security Management|
|Application |...| Application | +-------------------+ +-------------------+
Application | Object 1 | | Object n | | |
+-------------+---+----------------+--+------------+-----------+----------+ |
Layer |Communication| | Polymerization | Application |Application|Management| |
| | | and | | Layer | | |
| Mode | |Depolymerization| Sublayer | Security | Services | |
--------------+-------------+---+----------------+---------------+-----------+----------+ |
Transport | | |
Layer | UDP Transport Layer | |
--------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+ M |
Internet Layer| | |
/Network Layer+----------------------+ +------------+------------------+ |
Upper |Address Configuration | IP Layer | Address | Adaptation | I |
+----------------------+ |Compression | Layer | |
Network | +------------+ | |
Layer -------+-----------------------------------------+-------------------------------+ B |
+--------------------+ +----------------+-----------+ |
WIA-PA Network| Management Services| WIA-PA Network Layer | Fragmentation | Router | |
Layer/Network +--------------------+ | /Restructuring | | |
Layer Lower | +----------------+-----------+ |
--------------+---------------+----------+-------------+-------+--------+-----------+---+ |
| Time |Superframe| Data | Hop | Link | Management| | |
Data |Synchronization|Scheduling| Link |Channel| Layer | | | |
Link +---------------+----------+ Sublayer | |Security| Services | | |
Layer | +-------+--------+-----------+ | |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Layer | |
--------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+ |
Physical Layer| IEEE 802.15.4 Physical Layer | |
--------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----+
Figure 3: IPv6 over WIA-PA Protocol Stack
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3.2. Network Layer Frame Format
In order to introduce IPv6 technology to WIA-PA networks, we combine
WIA-PA standard and IPv6 technology, adding Internet layer and
transport layer to previous WIA-PA network protocol stack, where
adaptation layer and IP layer MUST be included in Internet layer.
3.2.1. Network Layer Frame Format
The WIA-PA network frame format with IPv6 technology is shown in
Figure 4. If the command frames interact with each other, the frame
format SHOULD NOT include Internet layer, transport layer and
application layer, and if the IPv6 packets interact for one another,
the frame format for IPv6 packets is as follows:
+-------+-----------+---------------------+--------------+---------+---------------------+----+
| MAC |Data Link | WIA-PA | Internet |Transport| Application | |
| Layer | Layer | Network Layer | Layer | Layer | Layer |Load|
| Header| Header | Header | Header | Header | Header | |
+-------+-----------+---------------------+-------+------+---------+-------+------+------+----+
| | |Network Frame Control| | | | | | | |
| | +-------+-------------+ | | | | | | |
| | | | Destination | | | | | | | |
| | | | Address | | | | | | | |
|Source |Destination| Router+-------------+Message| Other| UDP | APS |Serial|Frame |Load|
|Address| Address | Field | Source |Values |Fields| Header | Frame |Number|Length| |
| | | | Address | | | |Control| | | |
| | | +-------------+ | | | | | | |
| | | | Router ID | | | | | | | |
| | +-------+-------------+ | | | | | | |
| | | Other Fields | | | | | | | |
+-------+-----------+---------------------+-------+------+---------+-------+------+------+----+
Figure 4: IPv6 over WIA-PA Frame Format
The IPv6 packets make a modification on the frame control field of
WIA-PA network layer header, which mainly defines bit5 of the frame
control field. When bit5 is equal to 0, it indicates the packet MUST
be a protocol data unit of WIA-PA network layer, and when bit5 is
equal to 1, if package type is a WIA-PA network layer command frame,
it indicates the packet MUST be an IPv6 related command frame, and
if package type is a WIA-PA network layer packet, it indicates the
packet MUST be an IPv6 packet then passes it to the upper layer to
resolve. The revised WIA-PA network layer frame control field is
shown in Figure 5.
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+-----------+-----------------+-----------+-----------------+---------------+--------------+
|Bit: 0-1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6-7 |
+-----------+-----------------+-----------+-----------------+---------------+--------------+
| Packet | Fragmentation | P/S | Certification | IPv6 Packet | Retention |
| Type | Flag | Flag | Flag | Flag | |
+-----------+-----------------+-----------+-----------------+---------------+--------------+
Figure 5: Network Layer Frame Control Field
3.2.2. Network Layer Command Frame
In order to solve the problem of nodes getting the network prefix or
IPv6 address, our document defines the following five categories of
IPv6 network layer command frame:
1) Enhanced IPv6 joining response command frame: The command identifier
is defined as ''129'', and it SHOULD be used for IPv6 nodes to reply
the access network request. Network layer frame format of the
response is shown in Figure 6. According to the ways to distribute
IPv6 addresses or prefixes by host, the values of response command
frame related field to be different.
+-------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|Network| |
| Layer | Network Layer Load |
| Header| |
+-------+----------+-----+------------------+--------------+---------------------+------------+
| | | | Physical Address | Short Address| IPv6 Address Option | |
| Header| Command |Added| of Devices | of Devices | of Devices |IPv6 Address|
| |Identifier|State| to be added | to be added | to be added | /Prefix |
+-------+----------+-----+------------------+--------------+---------------------+------------+
Figure 6: Enhanced IPv6 Joining Response Command Frame
2) Query short address request command frame: The command identifier is
defined as ''130'', and the packet SHOULD be used for devices to query
their own short addresses according to IPv6 addresses. Its frame
format is shown here:
+------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
| Network Layer Header | Network Layer Load |
+------------------------+-----------------------+--------------------+
| Header | Command Identifier | IPv6 Address |
+------------------------+-----------------------+--------------------+
Figure 7: Query Short Address Request Command Frame
3) Query short address response command frame: The command identifier is
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defined as ''131'', and the packet SHOULD be used for host to send a
short address query request result to devices. Its frame format is
shown here:
+----------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Network Layer Header | Network Layer Load |
+----------------------+------------------+-------------------+------------+---------------+
| Header |Command Identifier| Execution Results |IPv6 Address| Short Address |
+----------------------+------------------+-------------------+------------+---------------+
Figure 8: Query Short Address Response Command Frame
4) Query IPv6 address request command frame: The command identifier is
defined as ''132'', and the packet SHOULD be used for devices to query
IPv6 addresses according to their own short addresses. Its frame
format is shown here:
+------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
| Network Layer Header | Network Layer Load |
+------------------------+-----------------------+--------------------+
| Header | Command Identifier | Short Address |
+------------------------+-----------------------+--------------------+
Figure 9: Query IPv6 Address Request Command Frame
5) Query IPv6 address response command frame: The command identifier is
defined as ''133'', and the packet SHOULD be used for host to send an
IPv6 address query request result to devices. Its frame format is
shown here
+----------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Network Layer Header | Network Layer Load |
+----------------------+------------------+-------------------+-------------+--------------+
| Header |Command Identifier| Execution Results |Short Address| IPv6 Address |
+----------------------+------------------+-------------------+-------------+--------------+
Figure 10: Query IPv6 Address Response Command Frame
3.2.3. Transmission Format of IPv6 Packets
For the transmission of IPv6 packets, our document combines 6LoWPAN
address compression method and the ways to obtain IPv6 address to
define the following four kinds of header format of Internet layer,
and the format of Internet layer header is shown here:
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+-------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+--------------------+
|Bit: 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | Lengthen |
+-------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+--------------------+
| FLAG | TF | NH| HLIM |CID|SAC| SAM | M |DAC| DAM | |
+---------------+-------+---+-------+---+---+-------+---+---+-------+ Other Fields |
| Dispatch | IPHC Basic Coding | |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------------------+--------------------+
Figure 11: Internet Layer Header Format
The Internet layer headers of IPv6 packets have different dispatch
due to the devices use different ways to get IPv6 address. And the
four different types of dispatch mentioned above are as follows:
1) If the devices communicate with extranet devices, we SHOULD use
uncompressed IPv6 packets during transmission, then the Internet
layer header contains dispatch and other fields, where the dispatch
is ''01000001'' and other fields are the related fields of IPv6 header.
2) If the IPv6 address prefix of devices is the entire network unified
prefix, the IPv6 packets are stateless compression. In this case, the
Internet layer header only contains dispatch and address compression
coding with the value of ''011TT1HH00110011'', where the value of ''TT''
represents IPv6 header compression about Traffic Class, and the value
of ''HH'' represents IPv6 header compression about Hop Limit.
3) If is not the entire network unified prefix, the IPv6 packets are
state compression, and the Internet layer header also includes
dispatch and the address compression coding with the value of
''0111111001110111''.
4) If the devices use the IPv6 header compression algorithm of 6LoWPAN
to partially compress IPv6 header, the Internet layer header contains
dispatch, address compression coding and other fields, where other
fields are the uncompressed part of IPv6 header.
3.3. Stateless Address Auto-Configuration Scheme
All devices SHOULD be distributed prefixes or IPv6 addresses by host,
and the process modes of devices are different due to the various
distribution ways. There are three approaches as follows:
1) Unified network prefix: Host distributes a unified whole network
prefix to each device, and the devices can generate IPv6 addresses
with address configuration method. Then, we have the following four
categories of IPv6 address:
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o The automatically generated IPv6 link-local address in the process of
device initialization: The IPv6 link-local address SHOULD be composed
by prefix and interface identifier, where the prefix is ''FE80::0'',
and the interface identifier is the negation of bit7 of EUI-64
physical address. The EUI-64 link-local address is shown here:
+------------------------+-----------------------+--------------------+
| Bit: 1-10 | 11-64 | 65-128 |
+------------------------+-----------------------+--------------------+
| 1111111010 | 0 | EUI-64 |
+------------------------+-----------------------+--------------------+
Figure 12: EUI-64 Link-local Address
o The IPv6 link-local address generated by the short address
distributed by gateway: The prefix is ''FE80::0'', the interface
identifier is generated by the short address and the negation of bit7
of PANID. Due to the addresses are all composed by prefix and
interface identifier, only difference in composition, no more
reiteration here. The short address link-local address is shown here:
+-----------+-------+---------+---------+------------------+---------+---------------------+
| Bit: 1-10 | 11-64 | 65-80 | 81-88 | 89-104 | 105-112 | 113-128 |
+-----------+-------+---------+---------+------------------+---------+---------------------+
| 1111111010| 0 | PANID | 0 | 1111111111111110 | 0 |16-bit Short Address |
+-----------+-------+---------+---------+------------------+---------+---------------------+
Figure 13: Short Address Link-local Address
o The IPv6 unicast address generated by the unified whole network
prefix distributed by host and EUI-64 physical address: The prefix is
a unified whole network prefix distributed by host, the interface
identifier is the negation of bit7 of EUI-64 physical address, and
the EUI-64 unicast address is shown in Figure 14, where N is the
prefix length.
+------------------------+-----------------------+--------------------+
| Bit: 1-N | 64-N | 65-128 |
+------------------------+-----------------------+--------------------+
| Prefix | 0 | EUI-64 |
+------------------------+-----------------------+--------------------+
Figure 14: EUI-64 Unicast Address
o The IPv6 unicast address generated by the unified whole network
prefix distributed by host and the short address distributed by
gateway: The prefix is a unified whole network prefix distributed by
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host, the interface identifier is generated by the short address and
the negation of bit7 of PANID, and the short address unicast address
is shown here:
+-----------+-------+---------+---------+------------------+---------+---------------------+
| Bit: 1-N | 64-N | 65-80 | 81-88 | 89-104 | 105-112 | 113-128 |
+-----------+-------+---------+---------+------------------+---------+---------------------+
| Prefix | 0 | PANID | 0 | 1111111111111110 | 0 |16-bit Short Address |
+-----------+-------+---------+---------+------------------+---------+---------------------+
Figure 15: Short Address Unicast Address
2) Non-Unified network prefix: Host distributes the entire network non-
uniform prefix to devices, through the prefix, devices can generate
IPv6 address with address configuration method. Consequently, it can
also generate four kinds of IPv6 address, and the way is consistent
with the unified one.
3) IPv6 address: Host distributes IPv6 address to devices. Then, two
kinds of IPv6 address can be generated, one is the IPv6 address
distributed by host, the other is the IPv6 link-local address
generated by EUI-64 physical address, as shown in figure 12.
3.4. Multicast Address Conversion Method
In WIA-PA networks, there MUST be two types of address: EUI-64 long
address and 16-bit short address. In order to achieve the conversion
between WIA-PA network address and IPv6 network address, for EUI-64
long address, we complete the conversion with the use of address
configuration method in [RFC4944]. And the short address is divided
into broadcast address and unicast address, the unicast address uses
the address configuration method in [RFC4944], the definition of
broadcast address is according to the broadcast address set by WIA-
PA standard and the structural properties of IPv6 multicast address.
Several types of WIA-PA broadcast address are shown here:
+-------------+---------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| Broadcast | Broadcast Address |The Whole Network| MESH Network | Gateway |
|Address Types| within the Cluster |Broadcast Address|Broadcast Address|Broadcast Address|
+-------------+---------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| Broadcast |Cluster Address x.25 | 255.255 | 255.0 | 0.255 |
| Addresses | x Range: 1-254 | | | |
+-------------+---------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
Figure 16: WIA-PA Broadcast Address
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The IPv6 multicast address is shown in Figure 17. In [RFC4291], IPv6
multicast address defines its top eight is ''11111111''. Besides, the
second field is a flag field, it is permanent when the multicast
address is ''0000'', and it is temporary when ''0001''. The third field
is a range field, the different values represent the different range.
The broadcast address of our document is only for devices in link-
local, and the range field indicates link-local when it is ''0010''.
+------------+---------+-----------+---------------+
| Bit: 0-7 | 8-11 | 12-15 | 16-128 |
+------------+---------+-----------+---------------+
| 11111111 | Flags | Scope | Group ID |
+------------+---------+-----------+---------------+
Figure 17: IPv6 Multicast Address
As shown in Figure 18, we define IPv6 broadcast address for WIA-PA
networks, where the broadcast address within the cluster is
''FF12::x .FF''. Due to the broadcast address within the cluster is
non-permanent distribution, thus its flag field is ''1'', and ''x''
indicates the cluster address of network, which is located in ''1-
254''. In addition, the broadcast address of entire network is
''FF02::1'', which represents all field devices from broadcast to
network. The broadcast address of MESH network is ''FF02::2'', which
represents all routers from broadcast to network, and the broadcast
address of gateway is ''FF02::FF''.
+----------------+------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| Broadcast |Broadcast Address |The Whole Network| MESH Network | Gateway |
| Address Types |within the Cluster|Broadcast Address|Broadcast Address|Broadcast Address|
+----------------+------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| WIA-PA Network | FF12::x. FF | FF02::1 | FF02::2 | FF02::FF |
| IPv6 Broadcast | x Range: 1-254 | | | |
+----------------+------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
Figure 18: IPv6 Broadcast Address
4. IANA Considerations
There are no IANA considerations related to this document.
5. Security Considerations
In industrial environment, the wireless networks share the same
place and time. In this case, if the security mechanism is not very
brilliant, it will seriously affect the system's information
security. The security mechanism is beyond the scope of this draft.
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6. Conclusions
This document proposed a scheme which is suitable for the
transmission of IPv6 packets over WIA-PA networks. Protocol
architecture, IPv6 specific command frame, the transmission format
of packets in adaptation layer and multicast address conversion
method are all defined in this document.
7. Acknowledgments
We are grateful to the authors of [RFC4944] and [RFC6282] and the
members of the IETF 6LoWPAN working group.
8. References
8.1. Normative References
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to
Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
March 1997.
[RFC4291] Hinden, R. and S. Deering, "IP Version 6
Addressing Architecture", RFC 4291, February
2006.
[RFC4944] Montenegro, G., Kushalnagar, N., Hui, J., and
Culler, D., "Transmission of IPv6 Packets over
IEEE 802.15.4 Networks", RFC 4944, September
2007.
[RFC6282] J. Hui, Ed, "Compression Format for IPv6
Datagrams over IEEE 802.15.4-Based Networks",
RFC 6282, September 2011.
8.2. Informative References
[EUI-64] IEEE, "GUIIDELINES FOR 64-BIT GLOBAL IDENTIFIER (EUI-64)
REGISTRATION AUTHORITY", IEEE Std
http://standards.ieee.org/regauth/oui/tutorials/EUI64.html,
November 2012.
[I-D.ietf-6lo-btle] Nieminen, J., Savolainen, T., Isomaki, M., Patil, B.,
Shelby, Z., and C. Gomez, "Transmission of IPv6 Packets
over BLUETOOTH Low Energy", draft-ietf-6lo-btle-00 (work
in progress), November 2013.
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8.3. External Informative References
[WIA-PA] IEC/PAS 62601 Ed.1.0[S], WIA-PA communication
network and communication profile, 2009.
[ISA100.11a] ISA100.11a Working Group,''Wireless systems for industrial
automation: Process control and related applications,''
ISA100.11a Draft standard, September 2008.
[IEEE802.15.4] IEEE Computer Society, "IEEE Std. 802.15.4-2006",
June 2006.
Authors' Addresses
Heng Wang
Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications
2 Chongwen Road
Chongqing, 400065
China
Phone: (86)-23-6248-7845
Email: wangheng@cqupt.edu.cn
Ping Wang
Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications
2 Chongwen Road
Chongqing, 400065
China
Phone: (86)-23-6246-1061
Email: wangping@cqupt.edu.cn
Ji Zou
Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications
2 Chongwen Road
Chongqing, 400065
China
Phone: (86)-23-6246-1061
Email: 976345534@qq.com
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Xinyu Wei
Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications
2 Chongwen Road
Chongqing, 400065
China
Phone: (86)-23-6246-1061
Email: 1294945391@qq.com
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