Internet DRAFT - draft-va-sidrops-deploy-reconsidered

draft-va-sidrops-deploy-reconsidered







Network Working Group                                      G. Michaelson
Internet-Draft                                                     APNIC
Intended status: Experimental                             T. Bruijnzeels
Expires: September 8, 2019                                   opennetlabs
                                                           March 7, 2019


    Deployment of Reconsidered Validation in the Resource Public Key
                         Infrastructure (RPKI)
                draft-va-sidrops-deploy-reconsidered-01

Abstract

   This document defines a deployment model for reconsidered validation
   [RFC8360] in the Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI).

   It stipulates that Relying Parties in the RPKI MUST support
   reconsidered validation by 1 July TBD-Year, and that Certificate
   Authorities MAY use the reconsidered validation OIDs in CA
   certificates that they issue from this date.  Furthermore Certificate
   Authorities should monitor whether the set of resources in CA
   certificate they receive has shrunk, and make adjustments in the CA
   certificates and/or other RPKI objects when appropriate.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on September 8, 2019.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2019 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents



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   (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Overview  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
     1.1.  Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   2.  Phased Deployment of the Amended Certificate Profile  . . . .   3
     2.1.  Phase 1: Requirements for RP Software . . . . . . . . . .   4
     2.2.  Phase 2: Requirements for operators . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     2.3.  Phase 3: Requirements for Certificate Authorities . . . .   5
   3.  Avoid over-claiming CA certificates . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
     3.1.  Avoid Invalidating Delegated CAs  . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
       3.1.1.  Graceperiod and Check Intervals . . . . . . . . . . .   5
       3.1.2.  Shrinking issued CA certificates  . . . . . . . . . .   6
     3.2.  Self monitoring and clean-up  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
   4.  Mixed mode operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
   5.  Example use of the amended profile with transfers . . . . . .   7
   6.  RFC-EDITOR Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
   7.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
   8.  Revision History  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
   9.  Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
   10. Normative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  15

1.  Overview

   This document defines a deployment model for reconsidered validation
   [RFC8360] in the Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI).

   Reconsidered validation differs from normal validation [RFC6487] in
   that under reconsidered rules the intersection of resources between a
   child certificate and the resources contained in the (chain of)
   parent certificate(s) is accepted.  Any resources that are contained
   in the child certificate only result in a warning about these
   resources, rather than the rejection of that certificate.  Thus
   reconsidered validation limits the impact of over-claims in the RPKI
   to the set of resources under dispute.

   The applicability of reconsidered validation is signalled by the use
   of a distinct set of OIDs on a Resource Certificate [RFC8360].
   Because of this reconsidered validation can only be deployed when a
   majority of Relying Party software is updated to support this new



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   algorithm.  This document stipulates that RP software MUST support
   [RFC8360] by 1 July TBD-Year.  After 1 July TBD-Year Certificate
   Authorities MAY start to use [RFC8360] in CA certificates that they
   issue.

   Note that the use of reconsidered validation is restricted to CA
   Certificates only.  Issuing Certificate Authorities may (be forced
   to) re-issue delegated CA certificates with shrunk resource pro-
   actively, and therefore it's at the CA certificate level that
   mismatches between resources actually included on such a certificate
   and the resources the recipient believes to be included on these
   certificates may occur.

   On the other hand, ROA and BGPSec Router Certificate reconsidered
   validation still requires that all resources are also held by the
   path of parent certificates to these objects.  In other words, using
   the reconsidered validation here is unneccessary.

   Furthermore, Certificate Authorities should monitor pro-actively
   whether the set of resources in the CA certificate they received has
   been shrunk by their parent.  Resource Certificates that they in turn
   issue that use resources no longer validly held by them should be
   shrunk or revoked.  BGPSec Router Certificates or ROAs that use such
   resources should be removed.

1.1.  Terminology

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
   "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP
   14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
   capitals, as shown here.

2.  Phased Deployment of the Amended Certificate Profile

   There is an existing BCP document that describes an algorithm agility
   procedure for the RPKI [RFC6919].  This procedure involves four
   distinct phases with requirements for CAs and RPs.  During this
   process the entire RPKI tree is essentially duplicated, and two
   disctinct trees are maintained in paralel for some time, until the
   old tree can be withdrawn.  The dates for each milestones are
   expected to be documented in a BCP.

   In this case however, the amended validation process is very similar
   to the existing validation process.  Moreover, as [RFC8360] describes
   there is no fundamental issue in having an RPKI tree in which a mix
   of regular [RFC6487] and amended [RFC8360] certificates can be found.




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   The use of the amended certificate profile communicates that over-
   claims for this particular certificate can occur, and if they do,
   that their impact should be limited to the resources that are in
   over-claim.  Sections 4.2.5 and 4.2.6 of [RFC8360] stipulate that
   such over-claims on the EE certificate would invalidate ROA and
   BGPSec Router Certificates.

   In conclusion the amended certificate profile MUST only be used on CA
   certificates for CA organisations where an overclaim may accidentally
   occur, and MUST NOT be used anywhere else: e.g. on a TA CA
   certificate which by definition cannot overclaim, or on any specific
   attestation about resources other than a delegation to another CA,
   e.g.  ROAs and BGPSec Router Certificates.

   So, contrary to the process described in [RFC6919] there is no
   desired outcome here to completely replace an existing algorithm with
   a new algorithm.  And consequently a different approach to the
   deployment phases is applicable here.

   We recognise the following phases:

   1.  Relying Party software MUST support the amended profile

   2.  Operators MUST use updated Relying Party software;

   3.  Certificate Authorities MAY use the amended profile

   As suggested in [RFC6919] the dates for each of these phases can be
   documented in this BCP:

   1.  1 July TBD-Year

   2.  1 July TBD-Year - 1 January TBD-Year +1

   3.  1 January TBD-Year +1

2.1.  Phase 1: Requirements for RP Software

   Relying Party software MUST support [RFC8360] by 1 July TBD-Year.

2.2.  Phase 2: Requirements for operators

   Network operators MUST update their Relying Party software between 1
   July TBD-Year and 1 January TBD-Year +1.







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2.3.  Phase 3: Requirements for Certificate Authorities

   Trust Anchor CA certificates referenced in Trust Anchor Locator (TAL)
   files [RFC7730] MUST NOT make use of amended Resource Certificates
   defined in [RFC8360].

   From 1 January 2020 Certificate Authorities MAY use amended Resource
   Certificates [RFC8360] for CA certificates that they issue to
   delegated Certificate Authorities.  Certificate Authorities MUST NOT
   use the amended Resource Certificate profile for any other
   certificates they issue.

3.  Avoid over-claiming CA certificates

   Even though the amended profile limits the impact of resource over-
   claims on CA certificates, this does not mean that such over-claims
   are intended to become the norm.  As we will describe in the
   following sections:

   o  Issuing CAs should try to avoid invalidating delegated CAs

   o  Delegated CAs should self-monitor and take action in case
      resources are removed

3.1.  Avoid Invalidating Delegated CAs

3.1.1.  Graceperiod and Check Intervals

   If resources need to be removed from a delegated CA it is reasonable
   to observe a graceperiod that will allow a delegated CA (and
   recursively their delegated CAs if applicable) to clean up objects.
   A reasonable duration for this period depends on the following
   factors:

   o  The frequency that a child CA can check with its parents about its
      CA certificate eligibility (Check Interval)

   o  The depth of the tree of delegated CAs

   We believe that it's reasonable to require the child CAs MUST issue a
   Resource Class List Query [RFC6492] to their parent CA no less
   frequently than once per houri (Check Interval).  It is not expected
   that the depth of delegated CA certificates will exceed 5 or 6 CA
   authorities.  In conclusion a graceperiod of 24 hours seems
   reasonable.






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3.1.2.  Shrinking issued CA certificates

   When a Certificate Authority finds that it needs to shrink the set of
   resources held by a delegated Certificate Authority, but still holds
   the resources to be removed on its own CA certificate, then it SHOULD
   give the delegated Certificate Authority up to 24 hours to request a
   shrunk CA certificate, e.g. through the provision protocol [RFC6492].

   The CA SHOULD issue a new CA certificate immediately using a
   "notAfter" time that is set to whichever is soonest: 24 hours from
   now, or the "notAfter" time on the CA certificate held by this
   issuing CA.  This will alert the delegated CA of both the limited
   lifetime of their current CA certificate, and which resources remain
   eligible after this time, when the delegated CA sends a Resource
   Class List Query [RFC6492].

   If the Certificate Authority no longer holds the resources that are
   to be removed, or this 24 hour period has passed, then a shrunk CA
   certificate MUST be issued.  Such shrunk certificate SHOULD use the
   amended Resource Certificate profile in order to limit the impact in
   the validation of objects issued by the subsidiary Certificate
   Authority.

3.2.  Self monitoring and clean-up

   CAs in the RPKI MUST monitor whether the CA certificate issued to
   them by their parent needs to be shrunk, for example by sending a
   Resource Class List Query [RFC6492] to their parent CA no less
   frequently than once per hour.

   If the CA finds that a reduced resource set is in order, but their
   current certificate is still valid, and they have issued delegated CA
   certificates with the resources to be reduced to delegated CAs, then
   they SHOULD give these delegated CAs up to 24 hours, or the time
   until 1 hour before their own CA certificate "notAfter" time if this
   period is shorter, to request a shrunk CA certificate as described
   above.

   The CA MUST now remove any other RPKI objects that it issued that
   reference any of the resources to be removed.  If the CA issued ROAs
   that reference multiple prefixes, and some of these prefixes are not
   to be removed, then the CA SHOULD create new ROAs for these prefixes
   and use one ROA object per prefix rather than bundling multiple
   prefixes on a single ROA object.

   If the CA no longer issues any CA certificates or RPKI objects
   referencing the resources to be removed, or it finds that its current
   CA certificate is no longer valid or will expire within 1 hour, then



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   the CA MUST request a new CA certificate to be issued by their parent
   CA.

4.  Mixed mode operations

   Since there is no clear intention to have a "flag day" and move all
   RP systems to a new OID and a new mode of operation the question
   arises: what is the mode of operation of an RPKI system where both
   OID exist concurrently?

   In mixed-mode, the application of the OID is taken to refer to the CA
   certificate itself: The value is set by the issuer, and might
   represent a default inherited value.

   Should a CA be signed over with the old OID, its validation MUST
   follow the old OID. if a certficate is signed over with the new OID,
   its validation MUST follow the new OID.  Therefore, ether situation
   can be expected but the intent is understood to apply to that
   certificate in the path.

   The application of the OID applies to the certificate in hand, not
   the children.  This permits a "strict" OID to have a "lax" OID child,
   which is the only pattern of issuance which has a risk of mis-
   interpretation.

            +-----+--------------+---------------------------+
            | OID | State        | Consequence in tree below |
            +-----+--------------+---------------------------+
            | old | no overclaim | tree is valid             |
            | old | overclaiming | tree is invalid           |
            | new | no overclaim | tree is valid             |
            | new | overclaiming | tree is valid when pruned |
            +-----+--------------+---------------------------+

5.  Example use of the amended profile with transfers

   Consider the following starting situation where a Trust Anchor issues
   a resource certificate to Certificate Auhtority CA1, which in turn
   issues a ROA and delegates some resources to CA2, which in turn also
   issues a ROA:











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      TA CA Certificate:
        Issuer:    TA
        Subject:   TA
        Profile:   6487 (regular)
        Resources: 192.0.2.0/24, 198.51.100.0/24,
                   2001:db8::/32, AS64496-AS64500

      CA1 CA Certificate:
        Issuer:    TA
        Subject:   CA1
        Profile:   8360 (amended)
        Resources: 192.0.2.0/24, 198.51.100.0/24
                   2001:db8::/32, AS64496-AS64500

      CA1 ROA 1:
        Issuer:    CA1
        Subject:   R1
        Profile:   6487 (regular)
        Resources: 192.0.2.0/24

        ASN:       64496
        Prefixes:  192.0.2.0/24 (Max 24)

      CA2 CA Certificate:
        Issuer:    CA1
        Subject:   CA2
        Profile:   8360 (amended)
        Resources: 198.51.100.0/24,
                   2001:db8::/32, AS64496-AS64500

      CA2 ROA 1:
        Issuer:    CA2
        Subject:   R1
        Profile:   6487 (regular)
        Resources: 2001:db8::/32

        ASN:       64496
        Prefixes:  2001:db8::/32 (Max 48)

      CA2 ROA 2:
        Issuer:    CA2
        Subject:   R1
        Profile:   6487 (regular)
        Resources: 198.51.100.0/24

        ASN:       64496
        Prefixes:  198.51.100.0/24 (Max 24)




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   Now assume that the TA decides that CA1 should no longer hold the
   prefix 198.51.100.0/24.  However, CA1 is offline for some reason and
   it does not check in with TA about its CA certificate eligibility.

   After 24 hours TA will decided that it has waited long enough and it
   will now pro-actively issue an amended CA certificate for CA1.
   Because the amended profile is used for CA certificates the impact of
   this action is limited.  CA2 has been unaware of the change, but only
   their ROA2 which is using the prefix is now invalidated:










































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      TA CA Certificate:
        Issuer:    TA
        Subject:   TA
        Profile:   6487 (regular)
        Resources: 192.0.2.0/24, 198.51.100.0/24,
                   2001:db8::/32, AS64496-AS64500

      CA1 CA Certificate:
        Issuer:    TA
        Subject:   CA1
        Profile:   8360 (amended)
        Resources: 192.0.2.0/24
                   2001:db8::/32, AS64496-AS64500

      CA1 ROA 1:
        Issuer:    CA1
        Subject:   R1
        Profile:   6487 (regular)
        Resources: 192.0.2.0/24

        ASN:       64496
        Prefixes:  192.0.2.0/24 (Max 24)

      CA2 CA Certificate:
        Issuer:    CA1
        Subject:   CA2
        Profile:   8360 (amended)
        Rejected:  198.51.100.0/24
        Accepted:  2001:db8::/32, AS64496-AS64500

      CA2 ROA 1:
        Issuer:    CA2
        Subject:   R1
        Profile:   6487 (regular)
        Resources: 2001:db8::/32

        ASN:       64496
        Prefixes:  2001:db8::/32 (Max 48)

      CA2 ROA 2 (INVALID):
        Issuer:    CA2
        Subject:   R1
        Profile:   6487 (regular)
        Resources: 198.51.100.0/24

        ASN:       64496
        Prefixes:  198.51.100.0/24 (Max 24)




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   Now CA1 comes back online.  It discovers that it lost the prefix
   198.51.100.0/24.  It will now re-issue the CA certificate issued to
   CA2 immediately:
















































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      TA CA Certificate:
        Issuer:    TA
        Subject:   TA
        Profile:   6487 (regular)
        Resources: 192.0.2.0/24, 198.51.100.0/24,
                   2001:db8::/32, AS64496-AS64500

      CA1 CA Certificate:
        Issuer:    TA
        Subject:   CA1
        Profile:   8360 (amended)
        Resources: 192.0.2.0/24
                   2001:db8::/32, AS64496-AS64500

      CA1 ROA 1:
        Issuer:    CA1
        Subject:   R1
        Profile:   6487 (regular)
        Resources: 192.0.2.0/24

        ASN:       64496
        Prefixes:  192.0.2.0/24 (Max 24)

      CA2 CA Certificate:
        Issuer:    CA1
        Subject:   CA2
        Profile:   8360 (amended)
        Resources: 2001:db8::/32, AS64496-AS64500

      CA2 ROA 1:
        Issuer:    CA2
        Subject:   R1
        Profile:   6487 (regular)
        Resources: 2001:db8::/32

        ASN:       64496
        Prefixes:  2001:db8::/32 (Max 48)

      CA2 ROA 2 (INVALID):
        Issuer:    CA2
        Subject:   R1
        Profile:   6487 (regular)
        Resources: 198.51.100.0/24

        ASN:       64496
        Prefixes:  198.51.100.0/24 (Max 24)





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   Finally CA2, who was trying to check in with CA1 even when it was
   unavailable, discovers that it lost the prefix '198.51.100.0/24'.  It
   will therefore remove its ROA2:

      TA CA Certificate:
        Issuer:    TA
        Subject:   TA
        Profile:   6487 (regular)
        Resources: 192.0.2.0/24, 198.51.100.0/24,
                   2001:db8::/32, AS64496-AS64500

      CA1 CA Certificate:
        Issuer:    TA
        Subject:   CA1
        Profile:   8360 (amended)
        Resources: 192.0.2.0/24
                   2001:db8::/32, AS64496-AS64500

      CA1 ROA 1:
        Issuer:    CA1
        Subject:   R1
        Profile:   6487 (regular)
        Resources: 192.0.2.0/24

        ASN:       64496
        Prefixes:  192.0.2.0/24 (Max 24)

      CA2 CA Certificate:
        Issuer:    CA1
        Subject:   CA2
        Profile:   8360 (amended)
        Resources: 2001:db8::/32, AS64496-AS64500

      CA2 ROA 1:
        Issuer:    CA2
        Subject:   R1
        Profile:   6487 (regular)
        Resources: 2001:db8::/32

        ASN:       64496
        Prefixes:  2001:db8::/32 (Max 48)

   A few things to note:

   o  In this scenario CA1 was offline, and it was not performing the
      actions required to the occurance of an overclaiming CA
      certificate to remain for CA2 and CA2 was not aware of the coming
      change.



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   o  The use of the amened profile for reconsidered validation rules
      limited the impact of this operational problem to just those
      resources that were being removed.

   o  Had CA2 not only monitored its CA certificate eligibility directly
      with its parent, but had they performed RPKI validation to monitor
      their own certificate and products.  Then they would have removed
      their ROA2 sooner.  Since CA1 was offline however, they would not
      have been able to request a shrunk CA certificate for themselves.

   o  Had CA1 and CA2 both been online and TA observed the 24 hour grace
      period, then things would have been changed without the occurance
      of invalid objects or warnings.  CA2 would have removed ROA2, and
      then would have requested a shrunk CA certificate for itself.  CA1
      would have noticed that it was safe to reques its own CA
      certificate to be shrunk.  The CA depth here is 2, so this would
      have happened within 2 hours, well within the 24 hours limit.

6.  RFC-EDITOR Considerations

   The exact year value TBD-Year and TBD-Year +1 are to be defined in WG
   process and will be set before WGLC

7.  Security Considerations

   TBD

8.  Revision History

   01 - mixed-mode operation text. 2019 00 - Initial draft. 2018

9.  Acknowledgements

   This draft is a product of conversations in the RIR/NRO Engineering
   Coordination Group.

10.  Normative References

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

   [RFC6487]  Huston, G., Michaelson, G., and R. Loomans, "A Profile for
              X.509 PKIX Resource Certificates", RFC 6487,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC6487, February 2012,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6487>.




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   [RFC6492]  Huston, G., Loomans, R., Ellacott, B., and R. Austein, "A
              Protocol for Provisioning Resource Certificates",
              RFC 6492, DOI 10.17487/RFC6492, February 2012,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6492>.

   [RFC6919]  Barnes, R., Kent, S., and E. Rescorla, "Further Key Words
              for Use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", RFC 6919,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC6919, April 2013,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6919>.

   [RFC7730]  Huston, G., Weiler, S., Michaelson, G., and S. Kent,
              "Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) Trust Anchor
              Locator", RFC 7730, DOI 10.17487/RFC7730, January 2016,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7730>.

   [RFC8174]  Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
              2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
              May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.

   [RFC8360]  Huston, G., Michaelson, G., Martinez, C., Bruijnzeels, T.,
              Newton, A., and D. Shaw, "Resource Public Key
              Infrastructure (RPKI) Validation Reconsidered", RFC 8360,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC8360, April 2018,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8360>.

Authors' Addresses

   George G. Michaelson
   Asia Pacific Network Information Centre
   6 Cordelia St
   South Brisbane, QLD  4101
   Australia

   Email: ggm@apnic.net


   Tim Bruijnzeels
   Open Netlabs B.V.
   Science Park 400
   Amsterdam  1098 XH
   The Netherlands

   Email: timb@opennetlabs.nl








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