Internet DRAFT - draft-selander-ace-coap-est-oscore

draft-selander-ace-coap-est-oscore







ACE Working Group                                            G. Selander
Internet-Draft                                               Ericsson AB
Intended status: Standards Track                                 S. Raza
Expires: 13 September 2023                                          RISE
                                                              M. Furuhed
                                                                   Nexus
                                                              M. Vučinić
                                                                   Inria
                                                               T. Claeys
                                                           12 March 2023


                  Protecting EST Payloads with OSCORE
                 draft-selander-ace-coap-est-oscore-06

Abstract

   This document specifies public-key certificate enrollment procedures
   protected with lightweight application-layer security protocols
   suitable for Internet of Things (IoT) deployments.  The protocols
   leverage payload formats defined in Enrollment over Secure Transport
   (EST) and existing IoT standards including the Constrained
   Application Protocol (CoAP), Concise Binary Object Representation
   (CBOR) and the CBOR Object Signing and Encryption (COSE) format.

Discussion Venues

   This note is to be removed before publishing as an RFC.

   Discussion of this document takes place on the Authentication and
   Authorization for Constrained Environments Working Group mailing list
   (ace@ietf.org), which is archived at
   https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/browse/ace/.

   Source for this draft and an issue tracker can be found at
   https://github.com/EricssonResearch/EST-OSCORE.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.





Selander, et al.        Expires 13 September 2023               [Page 1]

Internet-Draft                 EST-oscore                     March 2023


   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on 13 September 2023.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2023 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/
   license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document.
   Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights
   and restrictions with respect to this document.  Code Components
   extracted from this document must include Revised BSD License text as
   described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are
   provided without warranty as described in the Revised BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
     1.1.  Operational Differences with EST-coaps  . . . . . . . . .   4
   2.  Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
   3.  Authentication  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
     3.1.  EDHOC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     3.2.  Certificate-based Authentication  . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     3.3.  Channel Binding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     3.4.  Optimizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
   4.  Protocol Design and Layering  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
     4.1.  Discovery and URI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     4.2.  Mandatory/optional EST Functions  . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     4.3.  Payload formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
     4.4.  Message Bindings  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
     4.5.  CoAP response codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
     4.6.  Message fragmentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
     4.7.  Delayed Responses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
     4.8.  Enrollment of Static DH Keys  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
   5.  HTTP-CoAP Proxy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
   6.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
   7.  Privacy Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
   8.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
     8.1.  EDHOC Exporter Label Registry . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
   9.  Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
   10. References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
     10.1.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13



Selander, et al.        Expires 13 September 2023               [Page 2]

Internet-Draft                 EST-oscore                     March 2023


     10.2.  Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  15
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  16

1.  Introduction

   One of the challenges with deploying a Public Key Infrastructure
   (PKI) for the Internet of Things (IoT) is certificate enrollment,
   because existing enrollment protocols are not optimized for
   constrained environments [RFC7228].

   One optimization of certificate enrollment targeting IoT deployments
   is specified in EST-coaps ([RFC9148]), which defines a version of
   Enrollment over Secure Transport [RFC7030] for transporting EST
   payloads over CoAP [RFC7252] and DTLS [RFC6347], instead of secured
   HTTP.

   This document describes a method for protecting EST payloads over
   CoAP or HTTP with OSCORE [RFC8613].  OSCORE specifies an extension to
   CoAP which protects the application layer message and can be applied
   independently of how CoAP messages are transported.  OSCORE can also
   be applied to CoAP-mappable HTTP which enables end-to-end security
   for mixed CoAP and HTTP transfer of application layer data.  Hence
   EST payloads can be protected end-to-end independent of underlying
   transport and through proxies translating between between CoAP and
   HTTP.

   OSCORE is designed for constrained environments, building on IoT
   standards such as CoAP, CBOR [RFC7049] and COSE [RFC8152], and has in
   particular gained traction in settings where message sizes and the
   number of exchanged messages needs to be kept at a minimum, such as
   6TiSCH [RFC9031], or for securing multicast CoAP messages
   [I-D.ietf-core-oscore-groupcomm].  Where OSCORE is implemented and
   used for communication security, the reuse of OSCORE for other
   purposes, such as enrollment, reduces the code footprint.

   In order to protect certificate enrollment with OSCORE, the necessary
   keying material (notably, the OSCORE Master Secret, see [RFC8613])
   needs to be established between EST-oscore client and EST-oscore
   server.  For this purpose we assume by default the use of the
   lightweight authenticated key exchange protocol EDHOC
   [I-D.ietf-lake-edhoc], although pre-shared OSCORE keying material
   would also be an option.

   Other ways to optimize the performance of certificate enrollment and
   certificate based authentication described in this draft include the
   use of:





Selander, et al.        Expires 13 September 2023               [Page 3]

Internet-Draft                 EST-oscore                     March 2023


   *  Compact representations of X.509 certificates (see
      [I-D.ietf-cose-cbor-encoded-cert])

   *  Certificates by reference (see [I-D.ietf-cose-x509])

   *  Compact, CBOR representations of EST payloads (see
      [I-D.ietf-cose-cbor-encoded-cert])

1.1.  Operational Differences with EST-coaps

   The protection of EST payloads defined in this document builds on
   EST-coaps [RFC9148] but transport layer security is replaced, or
   complemented, by protection of the transfer- and application layer
   data (i.e., CoAP message fields and payload).  This specification
   deviates from EST-coaps in the following respects:

   *  The DTLS record layer is replaced, or complemented, with OSCORE.

   *  The DTLS handshake is replaced, or complemented, with the
      lightweight authenticated key exchange protocol EDHOC
      [I-D.ietf-lake-edhoc], and makes use of the following features:

      -  Authentication based on certificates is complemented with
         authentication based on raw public keys.

      -  Authentication based on signature keys is complemented with
         authentication based on static Diffie-Hellman keys, for
         certificates/raw public keys.

      -  Authentication based on certificate by value is complemented
         with authentication based on certificate/raw public keys by
         reference.

   *  The EST payloads protected by OSCORE can be proxied between
      constrained networks supporting CoAP/CoAPs and non-constrained
      networks supporting HTTP/HTTPs with a CoAP-HTTP proxy protection
      without any security processing in the proxy (see Section 5).  The
      concept "Registrar" and its required trust relation with EST
      server as described in Section 5 of [RFC9148] is therefore
      redundant.











Selander, et al.        Expires 13 September 2023               [Page 4]

Internet-Draft                 EST-oscore                     March 2023


   So, while the same authentication scheme (Diffie-Hellman key exchange
   authenticated with transported certificates) and the same EST
   payloads as EST-coaps also apply to EST-oscore, the latter specifies
   other authentication schemes and a new matching EST function.  The
   reason for these deviations is that a significant overhead can be
   removed in terms of message sizes and round trips by using a
   different handshake, public key type or transported credential, and
   those are independent of the actual enrollment procedure.

2.  Terminology

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].  These
   words may also appear in this document in lowercase, absent their
   normative meanings.

   This document uses terminology from [RFC9148] which in turn is based
   on [RFC7030] and, in turn, on [RFC5272].

   The term "Trust Anchor" follows the terminology of [RFC6024]: "A
   trust anchor represents an authoritative entity via a public key and
   associated data.  The public key is used to verify digital
   signatures, and the associated data is used to constrain the types of
   information for which the trust anchor is authoritative."  One
   example of specifying more compact alternatives to X.509 certificates
   for exchanging trust anchor information is provided by the
   TrustAnchorInfo structure of [RFC5914], the mandatory parts of which
   essentially is the SubjectPublicKeyInfo structure [RFC5280], i.e., an
   algorithm identifier followed by a public key.

3.  Authentication

   This specification replaces the DTLS handshake in EST-coaps with the
   lightweight authenticated key exchange protocol EDHOC
   [I-D.ietf-lake-edhoc].  During initial enrollment the EST-oscore
   client and server run EDHOC [I-D.ietf-lake-edhoc] to authenticate and
   establish the OSCORE security context with which the EST payloads are
   protected.

   EST-oscore clients and servers MUST perform mutual authentication.
   The EST server and EST client are responsible for ensuring that an
   acceptable cipher suite is negotiated.  The client MUST authenticate
   the server before accepting any server response.  The server MUST
   authenticate the client and provide relevant information to the CA
   for decision about issuing a certificate.





Selander, et al.        Expires 13 September 2023               [Page 5]

Internet-Draft                 EST-oscore                     March 2023


3.1.  EDHOC

   EDHOC supports authentication with certificates/raw public keys
   (referred to as "credentials"), and the credentials may either be
   transported in the protocol, or referenced.  This is determined by
   the identifier of the credential of the endpoint, ID_CRED_x for x=
   Initiator/Responder, which is transported in an EDHOC message.  This
   identifier may be the credential itself (in which case the credential
   is transported), or a pointer such as a URI to the credential (e.g.,
   x5t, see [I-D.ietf-cose-x509]) or some other identifier which enables
   the receiving endpoint to retrieve the credential.

3.2.  Certificate-based Authentication

   EST-oscore, like EST-coaps, supports certificate-based authentication
   between EST client and server.  In this case the client MUST be
   configured with an Implicit or Explicit Trust Anchor (TA) [RFC7030]
   database, enabling the client to authenticate the server.  During the
   initial enrollment the client SHOULD populate its Explicit TA
   database and use it for subsequent authentications.

   The EST client certificate SHOULD conform to [RFC7925].  The EST
   client and/or EST server certificate MAY be a (natively signed) CBOR
   certificate [I-D.ietf-cose-cbor-encoded-cert].

3.3.  Channel Binding

   The [RFC5272] specification describes proof-of-possession as the
   ability of a client to prove its possession of a private key which is
   linked to a certified public key.  In case of signature key, a proof-
   of-possession is generated by the client when it signs the PKCS#10
   Request during the enrollment phase.  Connection-based proof-of-
   possession is OPTIONAL for EST-oscore clients and servers.

   When desired the client can use the EDHOC-Exporter API to extract
   channel-binding information and provide a connection-based proof-of
   possession.  Channel-binding information is obtained as follows

   edhoc-unique = EDHOC-Exporter(TBD1, "EDHOC Unique", length),

   where TBD1 is a registered label from the EDHOC Exporter Label
   registry, length equals the desired length of the edhoc-unique byte
   string.  The client then adds the edhoc-unique byte string as a
   challengePassword (see Section 5.4.1 of [RFC2985]) in the attributes
   section of the PKCS#10 Request [RFC2986] to prove to the server that
   the authenticated EDHOC client is in possession of the private key
   associated with the certification request, and signed the
   certification request after the EDHOC session was established.



Selander, et al.        Expires 13 September 2023               [Page 6]

Internet-Draft                 EST-oscore                     March 2023


3.4.  Optimizations

   *  The last message of the EDHOC protocol, message_3, MAY be combined
      with an OSCORE request, enabling authenticated Diffie-Hellman key
      exchange and a protected CoAP request/response (which may contain
      an enrolment request and response) in two round trips
      [I-D.ietf-core-oscore-edhoc].

   *  The certificates MAY be compressed, e.g. using the CBOR encoding
      defined in [I-D.ietf-cose-cbor-encoded-cert].

   *  The certificate MAY be referenced instead of transported
      [I-D.ietf-cose-x509].  The EST-oscore server MAY use information
      in the credential identifier field of the EDHOC message
      (ID_CRED_x) to access the EST-oscore client certificate, e.g., in
      a directory or database provided by the issuer.  In this case the
      certificate may not need to be transported over a constrained link
      between EST client and server.

   *  Conversely, the response to the PKCS#10 request MAY be a reference
      to the enrolled certificate rather than the certificate itself.
      The EST-oscore server MAY in the enrolment response to the EST-
      oscore client include a pointer to a directory or database where
      the certificate can be retrieved.

4.  Protocol Design and Layering

   EST-oscore uses CoAP [RFC7252] and Block-Wise [RFC7959] to transfer
   EST messages in the same way as [RFC9148].  Instead of DTLS record
   layer, OSCORE [RFC8613] is used to protect the EST payloads.  DTLS
   handshake is replaced with EDHOC [I-D.ietf-lake-edhoc].  Figure 1
   below shows the layered EST-oscore architecture.

                                   +----------------+
                                   |  EST messages  |
                      +------------+----------------+
                      |    EDHOC   |    OSCORE      |
                      +------------+----------------+
                      |       CoAP or HTTP          |
                      +-----------------------------+
                      |        UDP or TCP           |
                      +-----------------------------+

                    Figure 1: EST protected with OSCORE.

   EST-oscore follows much of the EST-coaps and EST design.





Selander, et al.        Expires 13 September 2023               [Page 7]

Internet-Draft                 EST-oscore                     March 2023


4.1.  Discovery and URI

   The discovery of EST resources and the definition of the short EST-
   coaps URI paths specified in Section 4.1 of [RFC9148], as well as the
   new Resource Type defined in Section 8.2 of [RFC9148] apply to EST-
   oscore.  Support for OSCORE is indicated by the "osc" attribute
   defined in Section 9 of [RFC8613], for example:

        REQ: GET /.well-known/core?rt=ace.est.sen

        RES: 2.05 Content
      </est>; rt="ace.est";osc

4.2.  Mandatory/optional EST Functions

   The EST-oscore specification has the same set of required-to-
   implement functions as EST-coaps.  The content of Table 1 is adapted
   from Section 4.2 in [RFC9148] and uses the updated URI paths (see
   Section 4.1).

               +===============+===========================+
               | EST functions | EST-oscore implementation |
               +===============+===========================+
               | /crts         | MUST                      |
               +---------------+---------------------------+
               | /sen          | MUST                      |
               +---------------+---------------------------+
               | /sren         | MUST                      |
               +---------------+---------------------------+
               | /skg          | OPTIONAL                  |
               +---------------+---------------------------+
               | /skc          | OPTIONAL                  |
               +---------------+---------------------------+
               | /att          | OPTIONAL                  |
               +---------------+---------------------------+

                    Table 1: Mandatory and optional EST-
                              oscore functions

4.2.1.  /crts

   EST-coaps provides the /crts operation.  A successful request from
   the client to this resource will be answered with a bag of
   certificates which is subsequently installed in the Explicit TA.

   A trust anchor is commonly a self-signed certificate of the CA public
   key.  In order to reduce transport overhead, the trust anchor could
   be just the CA public key and associated data (see Section 2), e.g.,



Selander, et al.        Expires 13 September 2023               [Page 8]

Internet-Draft                 EST-oscore                     March 2023


   the SubjectPublicKeyInfo, or a public key certificate without the
   signature.  In either case they can be compactly encoded, e.g. using
   CBOR encoding [I-D.ietf-cose-cbor-encoded-cert].

4.3.  Payload formats

   Similar to EST-coaps, EST-oscore allows transport of the ASN.1
   structure of a given Media-Type in binary format.  In addition, EST-
   oscore uses the same CoAP Content-Format Options to transport EST
   requests and responses . Table 2 summarizes the information from
   Section 4.3 in [RFC9148].








































Selander, et al.        Expires 13 September 2023               [Page 9]

Internet-Draft                 EST-oscore                     March 2023


           +=======+===================================+=======+
           | URI   | Content-Format                    | #IANA |
           +=======+===================================+=======+
           | /crts | N/A (req)                         | -     |
           +-------+-----------------------------------+-------+
           |       | application/pkix-cert (res)       | 287   |
           +-------+-----------------------------------+-------+
           |       | application/pkcs-7-mime;smime-    | 281   |
           |       | type=certs-only (res)             |       |
           +-------+-----------------------------------+-------+
           | /sen  | application/pkcs10 (req)          | 286   |
           +-------+-----------------------------------+-------+
           |       | application/pkix-cert (res)       | 287   |
           +-------+-----------------------------------+-------+
           |       | application/pkcs-7-mime;smime-    | 281   |
           |       | type=certs-only (res)             |       |
           +-------+-----------------------------------+-------+
           | /sren | application/pkcs10 (req)          | 286   |
           +-------+-----------------------------------+-------+
           |       | application/pkix-cert (res)       | 287   |
           +-------+-----------------------------------+-------+
           |       | application/pkcs-7-mime;smime-    | 281   |
           |       | type=certs-only (res)             |       |
           +-------+-----------------------------------+-------+
           | /skg  | application/pkcs10 (req)          | 286   |
           +-------+-----------------------------------+-------+
           |       | application/multipart-core (res)  | 62    |
           +-------+-----------------------------------+-------+
           | /skc  | application/pkcs10 (req)          | 286   |
           +-------+-----------------------------------+-------+
           |       | application/multipart-core (res)  | 62    |
           +-------+-----------------------------------+-------+
           | /att  | N/A (req)                         | -     |
           +-------+-----------------------------------+-------+
           |       | application/csrattrs (res)        | 285   |
           +-------+-----------------------------------+-------+

                Table 2: EST functions and there associated
                        Media-Type and IANA numbers

4.4.  Message Bindings

   The EST-oscore message characteristics are identical to those
   specified in Section 4.4 of [RFC9148].  It is RECOMMENDED that

   *  The EST-oscore endpoints support delayed responses





Selander, et al.        Expires 13 September 2023              [Page 10]

Internet-Draft                 EST-oscore                     March 2023


   *  The endpoints supports the following CoAP options: OSCORE, Uri-
      Host, Uri-Path, Uri-Port, Content-Format, Block1, Block2, and
      Accept.

   *  The EST URLs based on https:// are translated to coap://, but with
      mandatory use of the CoAP OSCORE option.

4.5.  CoAP response codes

   See Section 4.5 in [RFC9148].

4.6.  Message fragmentation

   The EDHOC key exchange is optimized for message overhead, in
   particular the use of static DH keys instead of signature keys for
   authentication (e.g., method 3 of [I-D.ietf-lake-edhoc]).  Together
   with various measures listed in this document such as CBOR-encoded
   payloads ([I-D.ietf-cose-cbor-encoded-cert]), CBOR certificates
   [I-D.ietf-cose-cbor-encoded-cert], certificates by reference
   (Section 3.4), and trust anchors without signature (Section 4.2.1), a
   significant reduction of message sizes can be achieved.

   Nevertheless, depending on application, the protocol messages may
   become larger than available frame size resulting in fragmentation
   and, in resource constrained networks such as IEEE 802.15.4 where
   throughput is limited, fragment loss can trigger costly
   retransmissions.

   It is RECOMMENDED to prevent IP fragmentation, since it involves an
   error-prone datagram reconstitution.  To limit the size of the CoAP
   payload, this specification mandates the implementation of CoAP
   option Block1 and Block2 fragmentation mechanism [RFC7959] as
   described in Section 4.6 of [RFC9148].

4.7.  Delayed Responses

   See Section 4.7 in [RFC9148].

4.8.  Enrollment of Static DH Keys

   This section specifies how the EST client enrolls a static DH key.
   Because a DH key pair cannot be used for signing operations, the EST
   client attempting to enroll a DH key must use an alternative proof-
   of-possesion algorithm.  The EST client obtained the CA certs
   including the CA's DH certificate using the /crts function.  The
   certificate indicates the DH group parameters which MUST be respected
   by the EST client when generating its own DH key pair.  The EST
   client prepares the PKCS #10 object and signs it by following the



Selander, et al.        Expires 13 September 2023              [Page 11]

Internet-Draft                 EST-oscore                     March 2023


   steps in Section 4 of [RFC6955].  The Key Derivation Function (KDF)
   and the MAC MUST be set to the HDKF and HMAC algorithms used by
   OSCORE.  As per [RFC8613], the HKDF MUST be one of the HMAC-based
   HKDF [RFC5869] algorithms defined for COSE [RFC9052].  The KDF and
   MAC is thus defined by the hash algorithm used by OSCORE in HKDF and
   HMAC, which by default is SHA-256.  When EDHOC is used, then the hash
   algorithm is the application hash algorithm of the selected cipher
   suite.

5.  HTTP-CoAP Proxy

   As noted in Section 5 of [RFC9148], in real-world deployments, the
   EST server will not always reside within the CoAP boundary.  The EST-
   server can exist outside the constrained network in a non-constrained
   network that supports HTTP but not CoAP, thus requiring an
   intermediary CoAP-to-HTTP proxy.

   Since OSCORE is applicable to CoAP-mappable HTTP (see Section 11 of
   [RFC8613]) the EST payloads can be protected end-to-end between EST
   client and EST server independent of transport protocol or potential
   transport layer security which may need to be terminated in the
   proxy, see Figure 2.  Therefore the concept "Registrar" and its
   required trust relation with EST server as described in Section 5 of
   [RFC9148] is redundant.

   The mappings between CoAP and HTTP referred to in Section 8.1 of
   [RFC9148] apply, and additional mappings resulting from the use of
   OSCORE are specified in Section 11 of [RFC8613].

   OSCORE provides end-to-end security between EST Server and EST
   Client.  The use of TLS and DTLS is optional.

                                           Constrained-Node Network
      .---------.                       .----------------------------.
      |   CA    |                       |.--------------------------.|
      '---------'                       ||                          ||
           |                            ||                          ||
       .------.  HTTP   .-----------------.   CoAP   .-----------.  ||
       | EST  |<------->|  CoAP-to-HTTP   |<-------->| EST Client|  ||
       |Server|  (TLS)  |      Proxy      |  (DTLS)  '-----------'  ||
       '------'         '-----------------'                         ||
                                        ||                          ||
           <------------------------------------------------>       ||
                            OSCORE      ||                          ||
                                        |'--------------------------'|
                                        '----------------------------'

             Figure 2: CoAP-to-HTTP proxy at the CoAP boundary.



Selander, et al.        Expires 13 September 2023              [Page 12]

Internet-Draft                 EST-oscore                     March 2023


6.  Security Considerations

   TBD: Compare with RFC9148

   TBD: Channel binding security considerations: 3SHAKE attack and
   EDHOC.

7.  Privacy Considerations

   TBD

8.  IANA Considerations

8.1.  EDHOC Exporter Label Registry

   IANA is requested to register the following entry in the "EDHOC
   Exporter Label" registry under the group name "Ephemeral Diffie-
   Hellman Over COSE (EDHOC).

   +-------------+------------------------------+-------------------+
   | Label       | Description                  | Reference         |
   +=============+==============================+===================+
   | TBD1        | EDHOC unique                 | [[this document]] |
   +-------------+------------------------------+-------------------+

                       Figure 3: EDHOC Exporter Label

9.  Acknowledgments

10.  References

10.1.  Normative References

   [I-D.ietf-lake-edhoc]
              Selander, G., Mattsson, J. P., and F. Palombini,
              "Ephemeral Diffie-Hellman Over COSE (EDHOC)", Work in
              Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-lake-edhoc-19, 3
              February 2023, <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/
              draft-ietf-lake-edhoc-19>.

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.







Selander, et al.        Expires 13 September 2023              [Page 13]

Internet-Draft                 EST-oscore                     March 2023


   [RFC5869]  Krawczyk, H. and P. Eronen, "HMAC-based Extract-and-Expand
              Key Derivation Function (HKDF)", RFC 5869,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC5869, May 2010,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5869>.

   [RFC6955]  Schaad, J. and H. Prafullchandra, "Diffie-Hellman Proof-
              of-Possession Algorithms", RFC 6955, DOI 10.17487/RFC6955,
              May 2013, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6955>.

   [RFC7049]  Bormann, C. and P. Hoffman, "Concise Binary Object
              Representation (CBOR)", RFC 7049, DOI 10.17487/RFC7049,
              October 2013, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7049>.

   [RFC7252]  Shelby, Z., Hartke, K., and C. Bormann, "The Constrained
              Application Protocol (CoAP)", RFC 7252,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC7252, June 2014,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7252>.

   [RFC7925]  Tschofenig, H., Ed. and T. Fossati, "Transport Layer
              Security (TLS) / Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS)
              Profiles for the Internet of Things", RFC 7925,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC7925, July 2016,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7925>.

   [RFC7959]  Bormann, C. and Z. Shelby, Ed., "Block-Wise Transfers in
              the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP)", RFC 7959,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC7959, August 2016,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7959>.

   [RFC8152]  Schaad, J., "CBOR Object Signing and Encryption (COSE)",
              RFC 8152, DOI 10.17487/RFC8152, July 2017,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8152>.

   [RFC8613]  Selander, G., Mattsson, J., Palombini, F., and L. Seitz,
              "Object Security for Constrained RESTful Environments
              (OSCORE)", RFC 8613, DOI 10.17487/RFC8613, July 2019,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8613>.

   [RFC9052]  Schaad, J., "CBOR Object Signing and Encryption (COSE):
              Structures and Process", STD 96, RFC 9052,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC9052, August 2022,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9052>.

   [RFC9148]  van der Stok, P., Kampanakis, P., Richardson, M., and S.
              Raza, "EST-coaps: Enrollment over Secure Transport with
              the Secure Constrained Application Protocol", RFC 9148,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC9148, April 2022,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9148>.



Selander, et al.        Expires 13 September 2023              [Page 14]

Internet-Draft                 EST-oscore                     March 2023


10.2.  Informative References

   [I-D.ietf-core-oscore-edhoc]
              Palombini, F., Tiloca, M., Höglund, R., Hristozov, S., and
              G. Selander, "Profiling EDHOC for CoAP and OSCORE", Work
              in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-core-oscore-edhoc-
              06, 23 November 2022,
              <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-core-
              oscore-edhoc-06>.

   [I-D.ietf-core-oscore-groupcomm]
              Tiloca, M., Selander, G., Palombini, F., Mattsson, J. P.,
              and J. Park, "Group OSCORE - Secure Group Communication
              for CoAP", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-
              core-oscore-groupcomm-17, 20 December 2022,
              <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-core-
              oscore-groupcomm-17>.

   [I-D.ietf-cose-cbor-encoded-cert]
              Mattsson, J. P., Selander, G., Raza, S., Höglund, J., and
              M. Furuhed, "CBOR Encoded X.509 Certificates (C509
              Certificates)", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-
              ietf-cose-cbor-encoded-cert-05, 10 January 2023,
              <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-cose-
              cbor-encoded-cert-05>.

   [I-D.ietf-cose-x509]
              Schaad, J., "CBOR Object Signing and Encryption (COSE):
              Header Parameters for Carrying and Referencing X.509
              Certificates", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-
              ietf-cose-x509-09, 13 October 2022,
              <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-cose-
              x509-09>.

   [RFC2985]  Nystrom, M. and B. Kaliski, "PKCS #9: Selected Object
              Classes and Attribute Types Version 2.0", RFC 2985,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2985, November 2000,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2985>.

   [RFC2986]  Nystrom, M. and B. Kaliski, "PKCS #10: Certification
              Request Syntax Specification Version 1.7", RFC 2986,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2986, November 2000,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2986>.

   [RFC5272]  Schaad, J. and M. Myers, "Certificate Management over CMS
              (CMC)", RFC 5272, DOI 10.17487/RFC5272, June 2008,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5272>.




Selander, et al.        Expires 13 September 2023              [Page 15]

Internet-Draft                 EST-oscore                     March 2023


   [RFC5280]  Cooper, D., Santesson, S., Farrell, S., Boeyen, S.,
              Housley, R., and W. Polk, "Internet X.509 Public Key
              Infrastructure Certificate and Certificate Revocation List
              (CRL) Profile", RFC 5280, DOI 10.17487/RFC5280, May 2008,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5280>.

   [RFC5914]  Housley, R., Ashmore, S., and C. Wallace, "Trust Anchor
              Format", RFC 5914, DOI 10.17487/RFC5914, June 2010,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5914>.

   [RFC6024]  Reddy, R. and C. Wallace, "Trust Anchor Management
              Requirements", RFC 6024, DOI 10.17487/RFC6024, October
              2010, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6024>.

   [RFC6347]  Rescorla, E. and N. Modadugu, "Datagram Transport Layer
              Security Version 1.2", RFC 6347, DOI 10.17487/RFC6347,
              January 2012, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6347>.

   [RFC7030]  Pritikin, M., Ed., Yee, P., Ed., and D. Harkins, Ed.,
              "Enrollment over Secure Transport", RFC 7030,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC7030, October 2013,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7030>.

   [RFC7228]  Bormann, C., Ersue, M., and A. Keranen, "Terminology for
              Constrained-Node Networks", RFC 7228,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC7228, May 2014,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7228>.

   [RFC8392]  Jones, M., Wahlstroem, E., Erdtman, S., and H. Tschofenig,
              "CBOR Web Token (CWT)", RFC 8392, DOI 10.17487/RFC8392,
              May 2018, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8392>.

   [RFC9031]  Vučinić, M., Ed., Simon, J., Pister, K., and M.
              Richardson, "Constrained Join Protocol (CoJP) for 6TiSCH",
              RFC 9031, DOI 10.17487/RFC9031, May 2021,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9031>.

Authors' Addresses

   Göran Selander
   Ericsson AB
   Email: goran.selander@ericsson.com


   Shahid Raza
   RISE
   Email: shahid.raza@ri.se




Selander, et al.        Expires 13 September 2023              [Page 16]

Internet-Draft                 EST-oscore                     March 2023


   Martin Furuhed
   Nexus
   Email: martin.furuhed@nexusgroup.com


   Mališa Vučinić
   Inria
   Email: malisa.vucinic@inria.fr


   Timothy Claeys
   Email: timothy.claeys@gmail.com







































Selander, et al.        Expires 13 September 2023              [Page 17]