Internet DRAFT - draft-sakimura-oauth-rjwtprof

draft-sakimura-oauth-rjwtprof







OAuth Working Group                                          N. Sakimura
Internet-Draft                                 Nomura Research Institute
Intended status: Standards Track                                   K. Li
Expires: April 20, 2016                                    Alibaba Group
                                                        October 18, 2015


                  Sender Constrained JWT for OAuth 2.0
                    draft-sakimura-oauth-rjwtprof-06

Abstract

   This discussion document describes a method to indicate a sender
   constraint within JWT.  It could potentially be incorporated into
   Proof-Of-Possession Semantics for JSON Web Tokens(JWTs) [POPS].  This
   document was created in response to the WGLC of it.

Requirements Language

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on April 20, 2016.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2015 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of



Sakimura & Li            Expires April 20, 2016                 [Page 1]

Internet-Draft                    scjwt                     October 2015


   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
     1.1.  Notational Conventions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   2.  Terms and definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   3.  Justification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   4.  Sender Constraint Representation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
   5.  Client Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
   6.  Finding the client key  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
     6.1.  URI client ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
     6.2.  pre-shared key tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
     6.3.  Via client metadata API of the authorization server . . .   6
   7.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     7.1.  Named Authentication Scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
   8.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
   9.  Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
   10. References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
     10.1.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
     10.2.  Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
   Appendix A.  Document History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7

1.  Introduction

   OAuth 2.0 Proof-of-Possession (PoP) Security Architecture [POPA]
   identifies Sender Constraint and Key Confirmation as possible threat
   mitigation methods against the use of token by an unauthorized
   presenter.  While Proof-Of-Possession Semantics for JSON Web Tokens
   (JWTs) [POPS] touches briefly on the Sender Constraint, it is only
   one paragraph within a introductory text and does not discuss it in
   detail.  Instead, it devotes much of the discussion to the Key
   Confirmation method.  It also is making the usage of such token
   against the resource server out of scope.

   This discussion draft describes a way to express the Sender
   Constraint in the JWT, as well as one possible way of using it to
   access a protected resource.

   The initial draft of this document was created in response to the
   WGLC of the Proof-Of-Possession Semantics for JSON Web Tokens(JWTs)
   [POPS].



Sakimura & Li            Expires April 20, 2016                 [Page 2]

Internet-Draft                    scjwt                     October 2015


1.1.  Notational Conventions

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
   "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC
   2119 [RFC2119].

   Unless otherwise noted, all the protocol parameter names and values
   are case sensitive.

2.  Terms and definitions

   For the purpose of this document, the terms defined in RFC6749
   [RFC6749] is used.  In addition, following term is defined.

   Authorized Presenter  Party that the token is intended to be used by.

3.  Justification

   There are scenarios that the bearer token may be stolen, modified,
   reused or replayed.  To prevent these threats, resource servers need
   to obtain additional assurance that the client is indeed authorized
   to present an access token.  The detailed use cases can be found in
   OAuth 2.0 Proof-of-Possession (PoP) Security Architecture [POPA]
   specification that sites token reuse by the resource server and
   eavesdropping of the resource request among others.  Some additional
   use-cases such as token leaking from the client's database or
   authorization server's database is also conceivable.

   As described in OAuth 2.0 Proof-of-Possession (PoP) Security
   Architecture [POPA] specification, there are several ways to prevent
   these bearer token threats: Confidentiality Protection, Sender
   Constraint and Key Confirmation.  Key Confirmation mechanism is
   described in OAuth 2.0 Proof-Of-Possession Semantics for JSON Web
   Tokens (JWTs) [POPS] specification in detail, but Sender Constraint
   mechanism is not explained in detail.

   Sender confirmation mechanism has some advantage in some cases over
   the general key confirmation mechanism explained in [POPS] in cases
   such as:

   (1)  The client's public key is published in a known way in the
        ecosystem, e.g., in .well-known/jwks and the private key is
        stored in a HSM.

   (2)  The resource server wishes to have some non-repudiation of the
        client.




Sakimura & Li            Expires April 20, 2016                 [Page 3]

Internet-Draft                    scjwt                     October 2015


   These can be achieved with relative ease with sender confirmation.

   Key Confirmation mechanism is more general in nature.  It is
   applicable even in the case where client's privacy is sought or the
   client is a public client using OAuth PKCE [PKCE].  As the downside
   of it, it requires a complete key distribution protocol and can
   become more complicated.  Sender Confirmation mechanism should also
   be specified, and it can work as an alternative mechanism to mitigate
   the bearer token threats.

4.  Sender Constraint Representation

   Sender Constraint is expressed by including the following member at
   the top level of JWT payload.

   azp  The Client ID of the Authorized Presenter.

   Following is an example of such JWT payload.

        {
         "iss": "https://server.example.com",
         "sub": "joe@example.com",
         "azp": "https://client.example.org",
         "aud": "https://resource.example.org",
         "exp": "1361398824",
         "nbf": "1360189224",
        }


   Figure 1 Example of Sender Constrained JWT.

5.  Client Authentication

   The resource server that supports this specification MUST
   authenticate the Client.  In this document a possible method is
   proposed as follows:

   (1).  The authorized presenter issues a HEAD or GET request to the
   resource server.

   GET /resource/1234 HTTP/1.0
   Host: server.example.com

   (2).  The resource server returns a HTTP 401 response with "WWW-
   Authenticate" header with "Named" scheme, which includes nonce.






Sakimura & Li            Expires April 20, 2016                 [Page 4]

Internet-Draft                    scjwt                     October 2015


   HTTP/1.0 401 Unauthorized
   Server: HTTPd/0.9
   Date: Wed, 14 March 2015 09:26:53 GMT
   WWW-Authenticate: Named nonce="dcd98b7102dd2f0e8b11d0f600bfb0c093"

   (3).  The client creates JWS compact serialization over the nonce.

   (4).  The client sends the request to the resource server, this time
   with Authorization: header with Named scheme and access token and the
   JWS.

   GET /resource/1234 HTTP/1.0
   Host: server.example.com
   Authorization: Named at="access.token.jwt", s="jws.of.nonce"

   (5).  The resource server finds the client key corresponding to the
   value of "azp" in the access token.  It may have been obtained
   through client registration at the Issuer or through .well-known/jwk
   etc.

   (6).  The resource server creates the JWS of the nonce and compares
   it with the value of "s" of the Authorization header.  If it fails,
   the process stops here and the resource access MUST be denied.

   (7).  The resource server MUST verify the access token.  If it is
   valid, the resource SHOULD be returned as HTTP response.

6.  Finding the client key

   When the resource server authenticates the client, it has to find out
   the keys that corresponds to the signing key of the client.  There
   are several possible ways to do this.

6.1.  URI client ID

   When the Client ID is a URI, then the key can be found from the
   .well-known/jwk URI.

6.2.  pre-shared key tables

   Alternatively, the collection of the keys can be pre-shared among the
   participants in advance as a key table that lists the client ID -
   public key pair.








Sakimura & Li            Expires April 20, 2016                 [Page 5]

Internet-Draft                    scjwt                     October 2015


6.3.  Via client metadata API of the authorization server

   Client Metadata can be exposed through a client metadata API at the
   Authorization Server, which can be defined by the authorization
   server in a way similar to OAuth 2.0 Token Introspection [TINTRO].

7.  IANA Considerations

7.1.  Named Authentication Scheme

   A new scheme has been registered in the HTTP Authentication Scheme
   Registry as follows:

   Authentication Scheme Name: Named

   Reference: Section 5 of this specification

   Notes (optional): The Named Authentication scheme is intended to be
   used only with OAuth Resource Access, and thus does not support proxy
   authentication.

8.  Security Considerations

   To avoid the situation that the client identifier is fake, the
   resource server that supports this specification MUST authenticate
   the client.

   Integrity protection SHOULD be applied via a keyed message digest or
   a digital signature, to prevent an adversary from changing any
   elements conveyed within the JWT payload.  Special care MUST be
   applied when carrying client's secret key inside the JWT, since those
   not only require integrity protection, but also confidentiality
   protection.  The client's secret key must be encrypted and kept
   securely.

   A client identifier may be used as a correlation handle if it has
   relationship with the user, e.g. mobile phone number.  Thus, for
   privacy reasons, it is recommended to keep client identifier
   confidentially protected.

9.  Acknowledgements

   Thanks Mike Jones for the reviews, and thanks Brian Campbell, John
   Bradley for the discussions.







Sakimura & Li            Expires April 20, 2016                 [Page 6]

Internet-Draft                    scjwt                     October 2015


10.  References

10.1.  Normative References

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

   [RFC6749]  Hardt, D., Ed., "The OAuth 2.0 Authorization Framework",
              RFC 6749, DOI 10.17487/RFC6749, October 2012,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6749>.

10.2.  Informative References

   [PKCE]     Sakimura, N., "Proof Key for Code Exchange by OAuth Public
              Clients", July 2015.

   [POPA]     Hunt, P., Ed., "OAuth 2.0 Proof-of-Possession (PoP)
              Security Architecture", March 2015.

   [POPS]     Jones, M., "Proof-of-Possession Key Semantics for JSON Web
              Tokens (JWTs)", March 2015.

   [TINTRO]   Richer, J., "OAuth 2.0 Token Introspection", July 2015.

Appendix A.  Document History

   -05  Added more justification.  Also, added "Finding the client key"
      section.

   -04  Added justification section

   -03  Removed most of the duplication with [POPS]

   -02  Included key confirmation method etc.  The first version on the
      tools.ietf.org.  (Previous versions were sent just as email
      attachments.)

Authors' Addresses

   Nat Sakimura
   Nomura Research Institute

   Email: sakimura@gmail.com






Sakimura & Li            Expires April 20, 2016                 [Page 7]

Internet-Draft                    scjwt                     October 2015


   Kepeng Li
   Alibaba Group

   Email: kepeng.lkp@alibaba-inc.com















































Sakimura & Li            Expires April 20, 2016                 [Page 8]