Internet DRAFT - draft-ninan-mpls-spring-inter-domain-oam

draft-ninan-mpls-spring-inter-domain-oam







Routing area                                                    S. Hegde
Internet-Draft                                                  K. Arora
Intended status: Standards Track                           M. Srivastava
Expires: January 13, 2022                          Juniper Networks Inc.
                                                                S. Ninan
                                                  Individual Contributor
                                                                N. Kumar
                                                     Cisco Systems, Inc.
                                                           July 12, 2021


PMS/Head-end based MPLS Ping and Traceroute in Inter-domain SR Networks
              draft-ninan-mpls-spring-inter-domain-oam-04

Abstract

   Segment Routing (SR) architecture leverages source routing and
   tunneling paradigms and can be directly applied to the use of a
   Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) data plane.  A network may
   consist of multiple IGP domains or multiple ASes under the control of
   same organization.  It is useful to have the LSP Ping and traceroute
   procedures when an SR end-to-end path spans across multiple ASes or
   domains.  This document describes mechanisms to facilitae LSP ping
   and traceroute in inter-AS/inter-domain SR networks in an efficient
   manner with simple OAM protocol extension which uses dataplane
   forwarding alone for sending echo reply.

Requirements Language

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."




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   This Internet-Draft will expire on January 13, 2022.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2021 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
     1.1.  Definition of Domain  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
   2.  Inter domain networks with multiple IGPs  . . . . . . . . . .   5
   3.  Return Path TLV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
   4.  Segment sub-TLV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     4.1.  Type 1: SID only, in the form of MPLS Label . . . . . . .   6
     4.2.  Type 3: IPv4 Node Address with optional SID for SR-MPLS .   7
     4.3.  Type 4: IPv6 Node Address with optional SID for SR MPLS .   9
     4.4.  Segment Flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
   5.  SRv6 Dataplane  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
   6.  Detailed Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
     6.1.  Sending an echo request . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
     6.2.  Receiving an echo request . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
     6.3.  Sending an echo reply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
     6.4.  Receiving an echo reply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
   7.  Detailed Example  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
     7.1.  Procedures for Segment Routing LSP ping . . . . . . . . .  12
     7.2.  Procedures for Segment Routing LSP Traceroute . . . . . .  13
   8.  Building Return Path TLV dynamically  . . . . . . . . . . . .  15
     8.1.  The procedures to build the return path . . . . . . . . .  15
     8.2.  Details with example  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  17
   9.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  18
   10. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  18
   11. Contributors  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  19
   12. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  19
   13. References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  19
     13.1.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  19
     13.2.  Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  20
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  21



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1.  Introduction

                    +----------------+
                    | Controller/PMS |
                    +----------------+



 |---AS1-----|                |------AS2------|            |----AS3---|

                ASBR2----ASBR3                ASBR5------ASBR7
                /             \               /            \
               /               \             /              \
 PE1----P1---P2                 P3---P4---PE4               P5---P6--PE5
               \               /            \               /
                \             /              \             /
                 ASBR1----ASBR4              ASBR6------ASBR8


                Figure 1: Inter-AS Segment Routing topology

   Many network deployments have built their networks consisting of
   multiple Autonomous Systems either for ease of operations or as a
   result of network mergers and acquisitions.  Segment Routing can be
   deployed in such scenarios to provide end to end paths, traversing
   multiple Autonomous systems(AS).  These paths consist of Segment
   Identifiers(SID) of different type as per [RFC8402].

   [RFC8660] specifies the forwarding plane behaviour to allow Segment
   Routing to operate on top of MPLS data plane.
   [I-D.ietf-spring-segment-routing-central-epe] describes BGP peering
   SIDs, which will help in steering packet from one Autonomous system
   to another.  Using above SR capabilities, paths which span across
   multiple Autonomous systems can be created.

   For example Figure 1 describes an inter-AS network scenario
   consisting of ASes AS1 and AS2.  Both AS1 and AS2 are Segment Routing
   enabled and the EPE links have EPE labels configured and advertised
   via [I-D.ietf-idr-bgpls-segment-routing-epe].  Controller or head-end
   can build end-to-end Traffic-Engineered path consisting of Node-SIDs,
   Adjacency-SIDs and EPE-SIDs.  It is advantageous for operations to be
   able to perform LSP ping and traceroute procedures on these inter-AS
   SR paths.  LSP ping/traceroute procedures use ip connectivity for
   echo reply to reach the head-end.  In inter-AS networks, ip
   connectivity may not be there from each router in the path.For
   example in Figure 1 P3 and P4 may not have ip connectivity for PE1.





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   [RFC8403] describes mechanisms to carry out the MPLS ping/traceroute
   from a PMS.  It is possible to build GRE tunnels or static routes to
   each router in the network to get IP connectivity for the reverse
   path.  This mechanism is operationally very heavy and requires PMS to
   be capable of building huge number of GRE tunnels, which may not be
   feasible.

   It is not possible to carry out LSP ping and Traceroute functionality
   on these paths to verify basic connectivity and fault isolation using
   existing LSP ping and Traceroute mechanism([RFC8287] and [RFC8029]).
   This is because, there exists no IP connectivity to source address of
   ping packet, which is in a different AS, from the destination of
   Ping/Traceroute.

   [RFC7743] describes a Echo-relay based solution based on advertising
   a new Relay Node Address Stack TLV containing stack of Echo-relay ip
   addresses.  These mechansims can be applied to segment routing
   networks as well.  [RFC7743] mechanism requires the return ping
   packet to be processed in slow path or as a bump-in-the-wire on every
   relay node.  The motivation of the current document is to provide an
   alternate mechanism for ping/traceroute in inter-domain segment
   routing networks.

   This document describes a new mechanism which is efficient and simple
   and can be easily deployed in SR networks.  This mechanism uses MPLS
   path and no changes required in the forwarding path.  Any MPLS
   capable node will be able to forward the echo-reply packet in fast
   path.  The current draft describes a mechanism that uses Return path
   TLV [RFC7110] to convey the reverse path.  Three new sub-TLVs for
   Return path TLV are defined, that faciliate encoding segment routing
   label stack.  The TLV can either be derived by a smart application or
   controller which has a full topology view.  This document also
   proposes mechanisms to derive the Return path dynamically during
   traceroute procedures.

1.1.  Definition of Domain

   The term domain used in this document implies an IGP domain where
   every node is visible to every other node for the purposes of
   shortest path computation.  The domain implies an IGP area or level.
   This document is applicable to SR networks where all nodes in each of
   the domains are SR capable.  It is also applicable to SR networks
   where SR acts an an overlay having SR incapable underlay nodes.  In
   such networks, the traceroute procedure is executed only on the
   overlay SR nodes.






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2.  Inter domain networks with multiple IGPs



    |-Domain 1|-------Domain 2-----|--Domain 3-|


    PE1------ABR1--------P--------ABR2------PE4
     \        / \                  /\        /
      --------   -----------------   -------
       BGP-LU         BGP-LU          BGP-LU


            Figure 2: Inter-domain networks with multiple IGPs

   When the network consists of large number of nodes, the nodes are
   seggregated into multiple IGP domains.  The connectivity to the
   remote PEs can be achieved using BGP-LU [RFC3107] or by stacking the
   labels for each domain as described in [RFC8604].  It is useful to
   support mpls ping and traceroute mechanisms for these networks.  The
   procedures described in this document for constructing Return path
   TLV and its use in echo reply is equally applicable to networks
   consisting of multiple IGP domains that use BGP-LU or label stacking.

3.  Return Path TLV

   Segment Routing networks statically assign the labels to nodes and
   PMS/Head-end may know the entire database.  The reverse path can be
   built from PMS/Head-end by stacking segments for the reverse path.
   Return path TLV as defined in [RFC7110] is used to carry the return
   path.  While using the procedures described in this document, the
   reply mode MUST be set to 5 and Return Path TLV MUST be included in
   the echo request message.  The procedures decribed in [RFC7110] are
   applicable for constructing the Return Path TLV.  This document
   define three new sub-TLVs to encode the Segment Routing path.

   The type of segment that the head-end chooses to send in the Return
   Path TLV is governed by local policy.  Implementations may provide
   CLI input parameters in Labels, IPv4 addresses or IPv6 addresses or a
   combination of these which gets encoded in the return path TLV.
   Implementations may also provide mechansims to acquire the database
   of remote domains and compute the return path based on the acquired
   database.  For traceroute purposes, the return path will have to
   consider the reply being sent from every node along the path.  The
   return path changes when the traceroute progresses and crosses each
   domain.  For traceroute purposes, the headend/PMS need to acquire the
   entire database or use dynamically computed return path as described
   in Section 8



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   Some networks may consist of pure IPV4 domains and Pure IPv6 domains.
   Handling end-to-end MPLS OAM for such networks is out of scope for
   this document.  It is recommended to use dual stack in such cases and
   use end-to-end IPv6 addresses for MPLS ping and trace route
   procedures.

4.  Segment sub-TLV

   [I-D.ietf-spring-segment-routing-policy] defines various types of
   segments.  The segments applicable to this document have been re-
   defined here.  One or more segment sub-TLV can be included in the
   Return Path TLV.  The segment sub-TLVs included in a Return Path TLV
   MAY be of different types.

   Below types of segment sub-TLVs are applicable for the Reverse Path
   Segment List TLV.

   Type 1: SID only, in the form of MPLS Label

   Type 3: IPv4 Node Address with optional SID

   Type 4: IPv6 Node Address with optional SID for SR MPLS

4.1.  Type 1: SID only, in the form of MPLS Label

   The Type-1 Segment Sub-TLV encodes a single SID in the form of an
   MPLS label.  The format is as follows:


       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |     Type                      |   Length                      |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |   Flags       |   RESERVED                                    |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |          Label                        | TC  |S|       TTL     |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+



                     Figure 3: Type 1 Segment sub-TLV

   where:

   Type: TBD1(to be assigned by IANA from the registry "Sub-TLV Target
   FEC stack TLV").




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   Length is 8.

   Flags: 1 octet of flags as defined in Section Section 4.4.

   RESERVED: 3 octets of reserved bits.  SHOULD be unset on transmission
   and MUST be ignored on receipt.

   Label: 20 bits of label value.

   TC: 3 bits of traffic class

   S: 1 bit of bottom-of-stack.

   TTL: 1 octet of TTL.

   The following applies to the Type-1 Segment sub-TLV:

   The S bit SHOULD be zero upon transmission, and MUST be ignored upon
   reception.

   If the originator wants the receiver to choose the TC value, it sets
   the TC field to zero.

   If the originator wants the receiver to choose the TTL value, it sets
   the TTL field to 255.

   If the originator wants to recommend a value for these fields, it
   puts those values in the TC and/or TTL fields.

   The receiver MAY override the originator's values for these fields.
   This would be determined by local policy at the receiver.  One
   possible policy would be to override the fields only if the fields
   have the default values specified above.

4.2.  Type 3: IPv4 Node Address with optional SID for SR-MPLS

   The Type-3 Segment Sub-TLV encodes an IPv4 node address, SR Algorithm
   and an optional SID in the form of an MPLS label.  The format is as
   follows:












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       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |     Type                      |   Length                      |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |   Flags       |  RESERVED                   | SR Algorithm    |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                 IPv4 Node Address (4 octets)                  |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                SID (optional, 4 octets)                       |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+


                     Figure 4: Type 3 Segment sub-TLV

   where:

   Type: TBD3(to be assigned by IANA from the registry "Sub-TLV Target
   FEC stack TLV").

   Length is 8 or 12.

   Flags: 1 octet of flags as defined in Section Section 4.4.

   SR Algorithm: 1 octet specifying SR Algorithm as described in section
   3.1.1 in [RFC8402], when A-Flag as defined in Section Section 4.4is
   present.  SR Algorithm is used by the receiver to derive the Label.
   When A-Flag is not encoded, this field SHOULD be unset on
   transmission and MUST be ignored on receipt.

   RESERVED: 2 octets of reserved bits.  SHOULD be unset on transmission
   and MUST be ignored on receipt.

   IPv4 Node Address: a 4 octet IPv4 address representing a node.

   SID: 4 octet MPLS label.

   The following applies to the Type-3 Segment sub-TLV:

   The IPv4 Node Address MUST be present.

   The SID is optional and specifies a 4 octet MPLS SID containing
   label, TC, S and TTL as defined in Section Section 4.1.

   If length is 8, then only the IPv4 Node Address is present.

   If length is 12, then the IPv4 Node Address and the MPLS SID are
   present.



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4.3.  Type 4: IPv6 Node Address with optional SID for SR MPLS

   The Type-4 Segment Sub-TLV encodes an IPv6 node address, SR Algorithm
   and an optional SID in the form of an MPLS label.  The format is as
   follows:

       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |     Type                      |   Length                      |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |   Flags       |       RESERVED                | SR Algorithm  |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      //                IPv6 Node Address (16 octets)                //
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                SID (optional, 4 octets)                       |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

                     Figure 5: Type 4 Segment sub-TLV

   where:

   Type: TBD4(to be assigned by IANA from the registry "Sub-TLV Target
   FEC stack TLV").

   Length is 20 or 24.

   Flags: 1 octet of flags as defined in Section Section 4.4.

   SR Algorithm: 1 octet specifying SR Algorithm as described in section
   3.1.1 in [RFC8402], when A-Flag as defined in Section Section 4.4 is
   present.  SR Algorithm is used by the receiver to derive the label.
   When A-Flag is not encoded, this field SHOULD be unset on
   transmission and MUST be ignored on receipt.

   RESERVED: 2 octets of reserved bits.  SHOULD be unset on transmission
   and MUST be ignored on receipt.

   IPv6 Node Address: a 16 octet IPv6 address representing a node.

   SID: 4 octet MPLS label.

   The following applies to the Type-4 Segment sub-TLV:

   The IPv6 Node Address MUST be present.

   The SID is optional and specifies a 4 octet MPLS SID containing
   label, TC, S and TTL as defined in Section Section 4.1 .



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   If length is 20, then only the IPv6 Node Address is present.

   If length is 24, then the IPv6 Node Address and the MPLS SID are
   present.

4.4.  Segment Flags

   The Segment Types described above MAY contain following flags in the
   "Flags" field (codes to be assigned by IANA from the registry "Return
   path sub-TLV Flags" )

       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      | |A|           |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

                              Figure 6: Flags

   where:

   A-Flag: This flag indicates the presence of SR Algorithm id in the
   "SR Algorithm" field applicable to various Segment Types.

   Unused bits in the Flag octet SHOULD be set to zero upon transmission
   and MUST be ignored upon receipt.

   The following applies to the Segment Flags:

   A-Flag is applicable to Segment Types 3, 4.  If A-Flag appears with
   any other Segment Type, it MUST be ignored.

5.  SRv6 Dataplane

   SRv6 dataplane is not in the scope of this document and will be
   addressed in a separate document.

6.  Detailed Procedures

6.1.  Sending an echo request

   In the inter-AS scenario when there is no reverse path connectivity,
   the procedures described in this document should be used.  LSP ping
   initiator MUST set the Reply Mode of the echo request to "Reply via
   Specified Path", and a Reply Path TLV MUST be carried in the echo
   request message correspondingly.  The Return Path TLV must contain
   the Segment Routing Path in the reverse direction encoded as an
   ordered list of segments.  The first Segment MUST correspond to the




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   top Segment in MPLS header that the responder MUST use while sending
   the echo reply.

6.2.  Receiving an echo request

   As described in [RFC7110], when Reply mode is set to 5 (Reply via
   Specified Path),The echo request MUST contain the Return path TLV.
   Absence of Return path TLV is treated as malformed echo request. when
   an echo request is received, if the egress LSR does not know the
   Reply Mode 5 defined in [RFC7110], an echo reply with the return code
   set to "Malformed echo request received" and the Subcode set to zero
   will be sent back to the ingress LSR according to the rules of
   [RFC4379].  When a Return Path TLV is received, and the responder
   that supports processing it, it MUST use the segments in Return Path
   TLV to build the echo reply.The responder MUST follow the normal FEC
   validation procedures as described in [RFC8029] and [RFC8287] and
   this document does not suggest any change to those procedures.  When
   the echo reply has to be sent out the Return Path TLV is used to
   construct the MPLS packet to send out.

6.3.  Sending an echo reply

   The echo reply message is sent as MPLS packet with a MPLS label
   stack.  The echo reply message MUST be constructed as described in
   the [RFC8029].  An MPLS packet is constructed with echo reply in the
   payload.  The top label MUST be constructed from the first Segment
   from the Return Path TLV.  The remaining labels MUST follow the order
   from the Return Path TLV.  The responder MAY check the reachability
   of the top label in its own LFIB before sending the echo reply.  In
   certain scenarios the head-end may choose to send Type 3/Type 4
   segments consisting of IPV4 address or IPv6 address.  Optionally a
   SID may also be assiciated with Type 3/Type4 segment.  In such cases
   the node sending the echo reply MUST derive the MPLS labels based on
   Node-SIDs associated with the IPv4 /IPv6 addresses or from the
   optional MPLS SIDs in the type 3/ type 4 segments and encode the echo
   reply with MPLS labels.

   The reply path return code MUST be set as described in section 7.4 of
   [RFC7110].  The Return Path TLV MUST be included in echo reply
   indicating the specified return path that the echo reply message is
   required to follow as described in section 5.3 of [RFC7110].

   When the node is configured to dynamically create return path for
   next echo request, the procedures described in Section 8 MUST be
   used.  The reply path return code MUST be set to 6 and same Return
   Path TLV or a new Return Path TLV MUST be included in the echo reply.





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6.4.  Receiving an echo reply

   The rules and process defined in Section 4.6 of [RFC4379] and section
   5.4 of [RFC7110] apply here.  In addition, if the Return Path Reply
   code is "Use Return Path TLV in echo reply for next echo request",
   the Return Path TLV from the echo Reply MUST be sent in the next echo
   request with TTL incremented by 1.

7.  Detailed Example

   Example topologies given in Figure 1 and Figure 2 will be used in
   below sections to explain LSP Ping and Traceroute procedures.  The
   PMS/Head-end has complete view of topology.  PE1, P1, P2, ASBR1 and
   ASBR2 are in AS1.  Similarly ASBR3, ASBR4, P3, P4 and PE4 are in AS2.

   AS1 and AS2 have Segment Routing enabled.  IGPs like OSPF/ISIS are
   used to flood SIDs in each Autonomous System.  The ASBR1, ASBR2,
   ASBR3, ASBR4 advertise BGP EPE SIDs for the inter-AS links.  Topology
   of AS1 and AS2 are advertised via BGP-LS to the controller/PMS or
   Head-end node.  The EPE-SIDs are also advertised via BGP-LS as
   described in [I-D.ietf-idr-bgpls-segment-routing-epe]

   The description in the document uses below notations for Segment
   Identifiers(SIDs).

   Node SIDs : N-PE1, N-P1, N-ASBR1 N-ABR1, N-ABR2etc.

   Adjacency SIDs : Adj-PE1-P1, Adj-P1-P2 etc.

   EPE SIDS : EPE-ASBR2-ASBR3, EPE-ASBR1-ASBR4, EPE-ASBR3-ASBR2 etc.

   Let us consider a traffic engineered path built from PE1 to PE4 with
   Segment List stack as below.  N-P1, N-ASBR1, EPE-ASBR1-ASBR4, N-PE4
   for following procedures.  This stack may be programmed by
   controller/PMS or Head-end router PE1 may have imported the whole
   topology information from BGP-LS and computed the inter-AS path.

7.1.  Procedures for Segment Routing LSP ping

   To perform LSP ping procedure on an SR-Path from PE1 to PE4
   consisting of label stacks [N-P1,N-ASBR1,EPE-ASBR1-ASBR4, N-PE4], The
   remote end(PE4) needs IP connectivity to head end(PE1) for the
   Segment Routing ping to succeed, because echo reply needs to travel
   back to PE1 from PE4.  But in typical deployment scenario there will
   be no ip route from PE4 to PE1 as they belong to different ASes.

   PE1 adds Return Path from PE4 to PE1 in the MPLS echo request using
   multiple Segments in "Return Path TLV" as defined above.  An example



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   return path TLV for PE1 to PE4 for LSP ping is [N-ASBR4, EPE-
   ASBR4-ASBR1, N-PE1].  An implementation may also build a Return Path
   consisting of labels to reach its own AS.  Once the label stack is
   popped-off the echo reply message will be exposed.  The further
   packet forwarding will be based on ip lookup.  An example Return Path
   for this case could be [N-ASBR4, EPE-ASBR4-ASBR1].

   On receiving MPLS echo request PE4 first validates FEC in the echo
   request.  PE4 then builds label stack to send the response from PE4
   to PE1 by copying the labels from "Return Path TLV".  PE4 builds the
   echo reply packet with the MPLS label stack constructed and imposes
   MPLS headers on top of echo reply packet and sends out the packet
   towards PE1.  This Segment List stack can successfully steer reply
   back to Head-end node(PE1).

7.2.  Procedures for Segment Routing LSP Traceroute

   Traceroute procedure involves visiting every node on the path and
   echo reply sent from every node.  In this section, we describe the
   traceroute mechanims when the headend/PMS has complete visibility of
   the database.  Headend/PMS computes the return path from each node in
   the entire SR-MPLS path that is being tracerouted.  The return path
   computation is implementation dependant.  As the headend/PMS
   completely controls the return path, it can use proprietary
   computations to build the return path.

   One of the ways the return path can be built, is to use the principle
   of building label stacks by adding each domain border node's Node SID
   on the return path label stack as the traceroute progresses.  For
   inter-AS networks, in addition to border node's Node-SID, EPE-SID in
   the reverse direction also need to be added to the label stack.

   The Inter-domain/inter-as traceroute procedure uses the TTL expiry
   mechansim as specified in [RFC8029] and [RFC8287].  Every echo
   request packet Headend/PMS MUST include the appropriate return path
   in the Return Path TLV.  The node that receives the echo request MUST
   follow procedures described in section Section 6.1 and section
   Section 6.2 to send out echo reply.

   For Example:

   Let us consider a topology from Figure 1.  Let us consider a SR path
   [N-P1,N-ASBR1,EPE-ASBR1-ASBR4, N-PE4].  The traceroute is being
   executed for this inter-AS path for destination PE4.  PE1 sends first
   echo request with TTL set to 1 and includes return path TLV
   consisting of Type 1 Segment containing label derived from its own
   SRGB.  Note that the type of segment used in constructing the return
   Path is local policy.  If the entire network has same SRGB



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   configured, Type 1 segments can be used.The TTL expires on P1 and the
   P1 sends echo reply using the return path.  Note that implementations
   may choose to exclude return path TLV until traceroute reaches the
   first domain border as the return IP path to PE1 is expected to be
   available inside the first domain.

   TTL is set to 2 and the next echo request is sent out.  Until the
   traceroute procedure reaches the domain border node ASBR1, same
   return path TLV consisting of single Label (PE1's node Label)is used.
   When echo request reaches ASBR1, and echo reply is received, the next
   echo request needs to include additional label as ASBR1 is a border
   node.  The return path TLV is built based on the forward path.  As
   the forward path consists of EPE-ASBR1-ASBR4, an EPE-SID in the
   reverse direction is included in the return path TLV.  The return
   path now consists of two labels [N-PE1, EPE-ASBR4-ASBR1].  The echo
   reply from ASBR4 will use this return path to send the reply.

   The next echo request after visiting the border node ASBR4 will
   update the return path with Node-SID label of ASBR4.  The return path
   beyond ASBR4 will be [N-PE1, EPE-ASBR4-ASBR1, N-ASBR4].  This same
   return path is used until the traceroute procedure reaches next set
   of border nodes.  When there are multiple ASes the traceroute
   procedure will continue by adding a set of Node labels and EPE labels
   as the border nodes are visited.

   Note that the above return path building procedure requires the
   database of all the domains to be available at the headend/PMS.

   The above description assumed the same SRGB is configured on all
   nodes along the path.  The SRGB may differ from one node to another
   node and the SR architecture [RFC8402] allows the nodes to use
   different SRGB.  In such scenarios PE1 sends Type 3 (or Type 4 in
   case of IPv6 networks) segment with Node address of PE1 and with
   optional MPLS SID associated with the Node address.  The receiving
   node derives the label for the return path based on its own SRGB.
   When the traceroute procedure crosses the border ASBR1, headend PE1
   should send type 1 segment for N-PE1 based on the label derived from
   ASBR1's SRGB.  This is required because in AS2, ASBR4, P3, P4 etc may
   not have the topology information to derive SRGB for PE1.  After the
   traceroute procedure reaches ASBR4 the return path will be
   [N-PE1(type1 with label based on ASBR1's SRGB), EPE-ASBR4-ASBR1,
   N-ASBR4 (Type 3)].

   In order to extend the example to multiple ASes consisting of 3 or
   more ASes, let us consider a traceroute from PE1 to PE5 in Figure 1.
   In this example, the PE1 to PE5 path has to cross 3 domains AS1, AS2
   and AS3.  Let us consider a path from PE1 to PE5 that goes through
   [PE1, ASBR1, ASBR4, ASBR6, ASBR8,PE5].  When the traceroute procedure



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   is visiting the nodes in AS1, the Return path TLV sent from headend
   consists of [N-PE1].  When the traceroute procedure reaches the
   ASBR4, the Return Path consists of [N-PE1, EPE-ASBR4-ASBR1].  While
   visiting nodes in AS2, the traceroute procedure consists of Return
   Path TLV [N-PE1, EPE-ASBR4-ASBR1, N-ASBR4]. similarly, while visiting
   the ASBR8 Return Path TLV adds the EPE SID from ASBR8 to ASBR6.
   While visiting nodes in AS3 Node-SId of ASBR8 would also be added
   which makes the Return Path [N-PE1, EPE-ASBR4-ASBR1, N-ASBR4, EPE-
   ASBR8-ASBR6, N-ASBR8]

   Let us consider another example from topology Figure 2.  This
   topology consists of multi-domain IGP with common border node between
   the domains.  This could be achieved with multi-area or multi-level
   IGP or multiple instances of IGP deployed on same node.  The return
   path computation for this topology is similar to the multi-AS
   computation except that the return path consists of single border
   node label.  When traceroute procedure is visiting node P, the return
   path consists of [N-PE1, N-ABR1].

8.  Building Return Path TLV dynamically

   In some cases, the head-end may not have complete visibility of
   Inter-AS/Inter-domain topology.  In such cases, it can rely on
   downstream routers to build the reverse path for mpls traceroute
   procedures.  For this purpose, new reply path return code is defined,
   which implies the Return Path TLV in the echo reply corresponds to
   the return path to be used in next echo request.

   Value         Meaning
   ------        ----------------------
   0x0006        Use Return Path TLV in echo reply for next echo request.
   (TBA by IANA)

                           Figure 7: Return Code

8.1.  The procedures to build the return path

   In order to dynamically build the return Path for traceroute
   procedures, the domain border nodes along the path being tracerouted
   MUST support the procedures described in this section.  Local policy
   on the domain border nodes SHOULD determine whether the domain border
   node participates in building return path dynamically during
   traceroute.

   Headend/PMS node MAY include its own node label while initiating
   traceroute procedure.  When an ABR receives the echo request, if the
   local policy implies building dynamic return path, ABR MUST include
   its own Node label.  If there is a Return Path TLV included in the



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   received echo request message, the ABR's node label is added before
   the existing segments.  The type of segment added is based on local
   policy.  In cases when SRGB is not uniform across the network, it is
   RECOMMENDED to add type 3 or type 4 segment.  If the existing segment
   in the Return Path TLV is a type 3/type 4 segment, that segment MUST
   be converted to Type 1 segment based on ABR's own SRGB.This is
   because downstream nodes will not know what SRGB to use to translate
   the IP address to a label.  As the ABR added its own Node label, it
   is guaranteed that this ABR will be in the return path and will be
   forwarding the traffic based on next label after its own label.

   When an ASBR receives an echo request from another AS, and ASBR is
   configured to build the return path dynamically, ASBR MUST build a
   Return Path TLV and include it in the echo reply.  The Return Path
   TLV MUST consist of its own node label and an EPE-SID to the AS from
   where the traceroute message was received.  A Reply path return code
   of 6 MUST be set in the echo reply to indicate that next echo request
   should use the Return Path from the Return Path TLV in the echo
   reply.  ASBR MUST locally decide the outgoing interface for the echo
   reply packet.  Generally, remote ASBR will choose interface on which
   the incoming OAM packet was receieved to send the echo reply out.
   Return Path TLV is built by adding two segment sub TLVs.  The top
   segment sub TLV consists of the ASBR's Node SID and second segment
   consists of the EPE SID in the reverse direction to reach the AS from
   which the OAM packet was received.The type of segment chosen to build
   Return Path TLV is a local policy.  It is RECOMMENDED to use type 3/
   type4 segment for the top segment when the SRGB is not gurateed to be
   uniform in the domain.

   Irrespective of which type of segment is included in the Return Path
   TLV, the responder of echo request MUST always translate the Return
   Path TLV to a label stack and build MPLS header for the the echo
   reply packet.  This procedure can be applied to an end-to-end path
   consisting of multiple ASes.  Each ASBR that receives echo request
   from another AS adds its Node-SID and EPE-SID on top of existing
   segments in the Return Path TLV.

   An ASBR that receives the echo request from a neighbor belonging to
   same AS, MUST look at the Return Path TLV received in the echo
   request.  If the Return Path TLV consists of a Type 3/Type 4 segment,
   it MUST convert the Type 3/4 segment to Type 1 segment by deriving
   label from its own SRGB.  The ASBR MUST set the reply path return
   code to 6 and send the newly constructed Return Path TLV in the echo
   reply.

   Internal nodes or non domain border nodes MAY not set the Return Path
   TLV return code to 6 (TBA by IANA) in the echo reply message as there
   is no change in the Return Path.  In these cases, the headend node/



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   PMS that initiates the traceroute procedure MUST continue to send
   previously sent Return Path TLV in the echo request message in every
   next echo request.

   Note that an ASBR's local policy may prohibit it from participating
   in the dynamic traceroute procedures.  If such an ASBR is encountered
   in the forward path, dynamic return path building procedures will
   fail.  In such cases, ASBR that supports this document MUST set the
   return code to indicate local policies do not allow the dynamic
   return path building.

   Value         Meaning
   ------        ----------------------
   0x0007        Local policy does not allow dynamic Return Path building.
   (TBA by IANA)

                    Figure 8: Local policy Return Code

8.2.  Details with example

   Let us consider a topology from Figure 1.  Let us consider a SR
   policy path built from PE1 to PE4 with a label stack as below.  N-P1,
   N-ASBR1, EPE-ASBR1-ASBR4, N-PE4.  PE1 begins traceroute with TTL set
   to 1 and includes [N-PE1] in the Return Path TLV.  The traceroute
   packet TTL expires on P1 and P1 processes the traceroute as per the
   procedures described in [RFC8029] and [RFC8287].  P1 sends echo reply
   with the same return Path TLV with reply path return code set to 6.
   The return code of the echo reply itself is set to the return code as
   per [RFC8029] and [RFC8287].  This traceroute doesn't need any
   changes to the Return Path TLV till it leaves AS1.  The same Return
   Path TLV that is received may be included in the echo reply by P1 and
   P2 or no Return Path TLV included so that headend continues to use
   same return path in echo request that it used to send previous echo
   request.

   When ASBR1 receives the echo request, in case it recieved type3/type
   4 segment in the Return Path TLV in the echo request, it converts
   that type 3/4 segment to Type 1 based on its own SRGB.  When ASBR4
   receives the echo request, it should form this Return Path TLV using
   its own Node SID(N-ASBR4) and EPE SID (EPE-ASRB4-ASBR1) labels and
   set the reply path return code to 6.  Then PE1 should use this Return
   Path TLV in subsequent echo requests.  In this example, when the
   subsequent echo request reaches P3, it should use this Return Path
   TLV for sending the echo reply.  The same Return Path TLV is
   sufficient for any router in AS2 to send the reply.  Because the
   first label(N-ASBR4) can direct echo reply to ASBR4 and second one
   (EPE-ASBR4-ASBR1) to direct echo reply to AS1.  Once echo reply
   reaches AS1, normal IP forwarding or the N-PE1 helps it to reach PE1.



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   The example described in above paragraphs can be extended to multiple
   ASes by following the same procedure of each ASBR adding Node-SID and
   EPE-SID on receieving echo request from neighboring AS.

   Let us consider a topology from Figure 2.  It consists of multiple
   IGP domains with multiple area/levels or separate IGP instances.
   There is a single border node that seperates the two domains.  In
   this case, PE1 sends traceroute packet with TTL set to 1 and includes
   N-PE1 in the return path TLV.  ABR1 receives the echo request and
   while sending echo reply adds its own node Label to the Return Path
   TLV and sets the Reply path return code to 6.  The Return path TLV in
   the echo reply from ABR1 consists of [N-PE1, N-ABR1].  Next echo
   request with TTL 2 reaches P node.  It is an internal node so it does
   not change the Return Path. echo request with TTL 3 reaches ABR2 and
   it adds its own Node label so the return path TLV sent in echo reply
   will be [N-PE1, N-ABR1, N-ABR2]. echo request with TTL 4 reaches PE4
   and it sends echo reply return code as Egress.  PE4 does not include
   any Return Path TLV in echo reply.  The above example assumes uniform
   SRGB throughout the domain.  In case of different SRGBs, the top
   segment will be a type 3/4 segment and all other segments will be
   type 1.  Each border node converts the type 3/type 4 segment to type
   1 before adding its own segment to the Return Path TLV.

9.  Security Considerations

   The procedures described in this document enable LSP ping and
   traceroute to be executed across multiple domains or multiple ASes
   that belong to same adminstration or closely co-operating
   administration.  It is assumed that sharing domain internal
   information across such domains does not pose security risk.  However
   procedures described in this document may be used by an attacker to
   extract the domain internal information.  An operator MUST deploy
   appropriate filter policies as described in RFC 4379 to restrict the
   LSP ping/traceroute packets based on origin.  It is also suggested
   that an operator SHOULD deploy security mechanisms such as MACSEC on
   inter-domain links or security vulnerable links to prevent spoofing
   attacks.

10.  IANA Considerations

   Sub-TLVs for TLV Types 1, 16, and 21

      SID only in the form of mpls label : TBD (Range 32768-65535)

      IPv4 Node Address with optional SID for SR-MPLS : TBD (Range
      32768-65535)





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      IPv6 Node Address with optional SID for SR-MPLS : TBD (Range
      32768-65535)

11.  Contributors

   1.Carlos Pignataro

   Cisco Systems, Inc.

   cpignata@cisco.com

   2.  Zafar Ali

   Cisco Systems, Inc.

   zali@cisco.com

12.  Acknowledgments

   Thanks to Bruno Decreane for suggesting use of generic Segment sub-
   TLV.  Thanks to Adrian Farrel, Huub van Helvoort for careful review
   and comments.  Thanks to Mach Chen for suggesting to use Return Path
   TLV.  Thanks to Gregory Mirsky for detailed review which helped
   improve the readability of the document to a great extent.

13.  References

13.1.  Normative References

   [I-D.ietf-idr-segment-routing-te-policy]
              Previdi, S., Filsfils, C., Talaulikar, K., Mattes, P.,
              Rosen, E., Jain, D., and S. Lin, "Advertising Segment
              Routing Policies in BGP", draft-ietf-idr-segment-routing-
              te-policy-11 (work in progress), November 2020.

   [I-D.ietf-spring-segment-routing-central-epe]
              Filsfils, C., Previdi, S., Dawra, G., Aries, E., and D.
              Afanasiev, "Segment Routing Centralized BGP Egress Peer
              Engineering", draft-ietf-spring-segment-routing-central-
              epe-10 (work in progress), December 2017.

   [RFC4379]  Kompella, K. and G. Swallow, "Detecting Multi-Protocol
              Label Switched (MPLS) Data Plane Failures", RFC 4379,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC4379, February 2006,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4379>.






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   [RFC7110]  Chen, M., Cao, W., Ning, S., Jounay, F., and S. Delord,
              "Return Path Specified Label Switched Path (LSP) Ping",
              RFC 7110, DOI 10.17487/RFC7110, January 2014,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7110>.

   [RFC8029]  Kompella, K., Swallow, G., Pignataro, C., Ed., Kumar, N.,
              Aldrin, S., and M. Chen, "Detecting Multiprotocol Label
              Switched (MPLS) Data-Plane Failures", RFC 8029,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC8029, March 2017,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8029>.

   [RFC8287]  Kumar, N., Ed., Pignataro, C., Ed., Swallow, G., Akiya,
              N., Kini, S., and M. Chen, "Label Switched Path (LSP)
              Ping/Traceroute for Segment Routing (SR) IGP-Prefix and
              IGP-Adjacency Segment Identifiers (SIDs) with MPLS Data
              Planes", RFC 8287, DOI 10.17487/RFC8287, December 2017,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8287>.

13.2.  Informative References

   [I-D.ietf-idr-bgpls-segment-routing-epe]
              Previdi, S., Talaulikar, K., Filsfils, C., Patel, K., Ray,
              S., and J. Dong, "BGP-LS extensions for Segment Routing
              BGP Egress Peer Engineering", draft-ietf-idr-bgpls-
              segment-routing-epe-19 (work in progress), May 2019.

   [I-D.ietf-mpls-interas-lspping]
              Nadeau, T. and G. Swallow, "Detecting MPLS Data Plane
              Failures in Inter-AS and inter-provider Scenarios", draft-
              ietf-mpls-interas-lspping-00 (work in progress), March
              2007.

   [I-D.ietf-spring-segment-routing-policy]
              Filsfils, C., Talaulikar, K., Voyer, D., Bogdanov, A., and
              P. Mattes, "Segment Routing Policy Architecture", draft-
              ietf-spring-segment-routing-policy-11 (work in progress),
              April 2021.

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

   [RFC3107]  Rekhter, Y. and E. Rosen, "Carrying Label Information in
              BGP-4", RFC 3107, DOI 10.17487/RFC3107, May 2001,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3107>.





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   [RFC7743]  Luo, J., Ed., Jin, L., Ed., Nadeau, T., Ed., and G.
              Swallow, Ed., "Relayed Echo Reply Mechanism for Label
              Switched Path (LSP) Ping", RFC 7743, DOI 10.17487/RFC7743,
              January 2016, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7743>.

   [RFC8402]  Filsfils, C., Ed., Previdi, S., Ed., Ginsberg, L.,
              Decraene, B., Litkowski, S., and R. Shakir, "Segment
              Routing Architecture", RFC 8402, DOI 10.17487/RFC8402,
              July 2018, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8402>.

   [RFC8403]  Geib, R., Ed., Filsfils, C., Pignataro, C., Ed., and N.
              Kumar, "A Scalable and Topology-Aware MPLS Data-Plane
              Monitoring System", RFC 8403, DOI 10.17487/RFC8403, July
              2018, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8403>.

   [RFC8604]  Filsfils, C., Ed., Previdi, S., Dawra, G., Ed.,
              Henderickx, W., and D. Cooper, "Interconnecting Millions
              of Endpoints with Segment Routing", RFC 8604,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC8604, June 2019,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8604>.

   [RFC8660]  Bashandy, A., Ed., Filsfils, C., Ed., Previdi, S.,
              Decraene, B., Litkowski, S., and R. Shakir, "Segment
              Routing with the MPLS Data Plane", RFC 8660,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC8660, December 2019,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8660>.

Authors' Addresses

   Shraddha Hegde
   Juniper Networks Inc.
   Exora Business Park
   Bangalore, KA  560103
   India

   Email: shraddha@juniper.net


   Kapil Arora
   Juniper Networks Inc.

   Email: kapilaro@juniper.net


   Mukul Srivastava
   Juniper Networks Inc.

   Email: msri@juniper.net



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   Samson Ninan
   Individual Contributor

   Email: samson.cse@gmail.com


   Nagendra Kumar
   Cisco Systems, Inc.

   Email: naikumar@cisco.com









































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