Internet DRAFT - draft-martinsen-mmusic-ice-dualstack-fairness

draft-martinsen-mmusic-ice-dualstack-fairness







MMUSIC                                                      P. Martinsen
Internet-Draft                                                  T. Reddy
Intended status: Standards Track                                P. Patil
Expires: August 13, 2015                                           Cisco
                                                        February 9, 2015


                   ICE IPv4/IPv6 Dual Stack Fairness
            draft-martinsen-mmusic-ice-dualstack-fairness-02

Abstract

   This document provides guidelines on how to make Interactive
   Connectivity Establishment (ICE) conclude faster in multihomed and
   IPv4/IPv6 dual-stack scenarios where broken paths exist.  The
   provided guidelines are backwards compatible with the original ICE
   specification.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
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   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
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   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on August 13, 2015.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2015 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of




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   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
   2.  Notational Conventions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   3.  Improving ICE Multihomed Fairness . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   4.  Improving ICE Dual Stack Fairness . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   5.  Compatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
   6.  Example Algorithm for Choosing the Local Preference . . . . .   6
   7.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
   8.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
   9.  Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
   10. Normative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8

1.  Introduction

   Applications should take special care to deprioritize network
   interfaces known to provide unreliable connectivity.  For example
   certain tunnel services might provide unreliable connectivity.  The
   simple guidelines presented here describes how to deprioritize
   interfaces known by the application to provide unreliable
   connectivity.  This application knowledge can be based on simple
   metrics like previous connection success/failure rates or a more
   static model based on interface types like wired, wireless, cellular,
   virtual, tunnelled and so on.

   There is a also need to introduce more fairness in the handling of
   connectivity checks for different IP address families in dual-stack
   IPv4/IPv6 ICE scenarios.  Section 4.1.2.1 of ICE [RFC5245] points to
   [RFC3484] for prioritizing among the different IP families.
   [RFC3484] is obsoleted by [RFC6724] but following the recommendations
   from the updated RFC will lead to prioritization of IPv6 over IPv4
   for the same candidate type.  Due to this, connectivity checks for
   candidates of the same type (host, reflexive or relay) are sent such
   that an IP address family is completely depleted before checks from
   the other address family are started.  This results in user
   noticeable setup delays if the path for the prioritized address
   family is broken.

   To avoid such user noticeable delays when either IPv6 or IPv4 path is
   broken or excessive slow, this specification encourages intermingling
   the different address families when connectivity checks are
   performed.  Introducing IP address family fairness into ICE
   connectivity checks will lead to more sustained dual-stack IPv4/IPv6
   deployment as users will no longer have an incentive to disable IPv6.



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   The cost is a small penalty to the address type that otherwise would
   have been prioritized.

   The guidelines outlined in this specification are backward compatible
   with a standard ICE implementation.  This specification only alters
   the values used to create the resulting checklists in such a way that
   the core mechanisms from ICE [RFC5245] are still in effect.  The
   introduced fairness might be better, but not worse than what exists
   today.

2.  Notational Conventions

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].

   This document uses terminology defined in [RFC5245].

3.  Improving ICE Multihomed Fairness

   A multihomed ICE agent can potentially send and receive connectivity
   checks on all available interfaces.  To avoid unnecessary delay when
   performing connectivity checks it would be beneficial to prioritize
   interfaces known by the agent to provide connectivity.

   Candidates from a interface known to the application to provide
   unreliable connectivity SHOULD get a low candidate priority.  This
   ensures they appear near the end of the candidate list, and would be
   the last to be tested during the connectivity check phase.  This
   allows candidate pairs more likely to succeed to be tested first.

   If the application is unable to get any interface information
   regarding type or unable to store any relevant metrics, it SHOULD
   treat all interfaces as if they have reliable connectivity.  This
   ensures all interfaces gets their fair chance to perform their
   connectivity checks.

4.  Improving ICE Dual Stack Fairness

   Candidates SHOULD be prioritized such that a long sequence of
   candidates belonging to the same address family will be intermingled
   with candidates from an alternate IP family.  For example, promoting
   IPv4 candidates in the presence of many IPv6 candidates such that an
   IPv4 address candidate is always present after a small sequence of
   IPv6 candidates, i.e., reordering candidates such that both IPv6 and
   IPv4 candidates get a fair chance during the connectivity check
   phase.  This makes ICE connectivity checks more responsive to broken
   path failures of an address family.



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   An ICE agent can choose an algorithm or a technique of its choice to
   ensure that the resulting check lists have a fair intermingled mix of
   IPv4 and IPv6 address families.  However, modifying the check list
   directly can lead to uncoordinated local and remote check lists that
   result in ICE taking longer to complete or in the worst case scenario
   fail.  The best approach is to modify the formula for calculating the
   candidate priority value described in ICE [RFC5245] section 4.1.2.1.

   Implementations SHOULD prioritize IPv6 candidates by putting some of
   them first in the the intermingled checklist.  This increases the
   chance of a IPv6 connectivity checks to complete first and be ready
   for nomination or usage.  This enables implementations to follow the
   intent of [RFC6555]Happy Eyeballs: Success with Dual-Stack Hosts.

5.  Compatibility

   ICE [RFC5245] section 4.1.2 states that the formula in section
   4.1.2.1 SHOULD be used to calculate the candidate priority.  The
   formula is as follows:

        priority = (2^24)*(type preference) +
                   (2^8)*(local preference) +
                   (2^0)*(256 - component ID)

   ICE [RFC5245] section 4.1.2.2 has guidelines for how the type
   preference and local preference value should be chosen.  Instead of
   having a static local preference value for IPv4 and IPv6 addresses,
   it is possible to choose this value dynamically in such a way that
   IPv4 and IPv6 address candidate priorities ends up intermingled
   within the same candidate type.

   It is also possible to dynamically change the type preference in such
   a way that IPv4 and IPv6 address candidates end up intermingled
   regardless of candidate type.  This is useful if there are a lot of
   IPv6 host candidates effectively blocking connectivity checks for
   IPv4 server reflexive candidates.

   The list below shows a sorted local candidate list where the priority
   is calculated in such a way that the IPv4 and IPv6 candidates are
   intermingled.  To allow for earlier connectivity checks for the IPv4
   server reflexive candidates, some of the IPv6 host candidates are
   demoted.  This is just an example of how a candidate priorities can
   be calculated to provide better fairness between IPv4 and IPv6
   candidates without breaking any of the ICE connectivity checks.







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                     Candidate   Address Component
                       Type       Type      ID     Priority
                  -------------------------------------------
                  (1)  HOST       IPv6      (1)    2129289471
                  (2)  HOST       IPv6      (2)    2129289470
                  (3)  HOST       IPv4      (1)    2129033471
                  (4)  HOST       IPv4      (2)    2129033470
                  (5)  HOST       IPv6      (1)    2128777471
                  (6)  HOST       IPv6      (2)    2128777470
                  (7)  HOST       IPv4      (1)    2128521471
                  (8)  HOST       IPv4      (2)    2128521470
                  (9)  HOST       IPv6      (1)    2127753471
                  (10) HOST       IPv6      (2)    2127753470
                  (11) SRFLX      IPv6      (1)    1693081855
                  (12) SRFLX      IPv6      (2)    1693081854
                  (13) SRFLX      IPv4      (1)    1692825855
                  (14) SRFLX      IPv4      (2)    1692825854
                  (15) HOST       IPv6      (1)    1692057855
                  (16) HOST       IPv6      (2)    1692057854
                  (17) RELAY      IPv6      (1)    15360255
                  (18) RELAY      IPv6      (2)    15360254
                  (19) RELAY      IPv4      (1)    15104255
                  (20) RELAY      IPv4      (2)    15104254

                   SRFLX = server reflexive


   Note that the list does not alter the component ID part of the
   formula.  This keeps the different components (RTP and RTCP) close in
   the list.  What matters is the ordering of the candidates with
   component ID 1.  Once the checklist is formed for a media stream the
   candidate pair with component ID 1 will be tested first.  If ICE
   connectivity check is successful then other candidate pairs with the
   same foundation will be unfrozen ([RFC5245] section 5.7.4.  Computing
   States).

   The local and remote agent can have different algorithms for choosing
   the local preference and type preference values without impacting the
   synchronization between the local and remote check lists.

   The check list is made up by candidate pairs.  A candidate pair is
   two candidates paired up and given a candidate pair priority as
   described in [RFC5245] section 5.7.2.  Using the pair priority
   formula:

        pair priority = 2^32*MIN(G,D) + 2*MAX(G,D) + (G>D?1:0)





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   Where G is the candidate priority provided by the controlling agent
   and D the candidate priority provided by the controlled agent.  This
   ensures that the local and remote check lists are coordinated.

   Even if the two agents have different algorithms for choosing the
   candidate priority value to get an intermingled set of IPv4 and IPv6
   candidates, the resulting checklist, that is a list sorted by the
   pair priority value, will be identical on the two agents.

   The agent that has promoted IPv4 cautiously i.e. lower IPv4 candidate
   priority values compared to the other agent, will influence the check
   list the most due to (2^32*MIN(G,D)) in the formula.

   These recommendations are backward compatible with a standard ICE
   implementation.  The resulting local and remote checklist will still
   be synchronized.  The introduced fairness might be better, but not
   worse than what exists today

6.  Example Algorithm for Choosing the Local Preference

   The algorithm described in this section can be used by an
   implementation to introduce IPv4/IPv6 dual stack and multihomed
   fairness.  Implementations implementing their own algorithm must take
   care not to break any ICE compatibility.  See Section Section 5 for
   details.

   The value space for the local preference is from 0 to 65535
   inclusive.  This value space can be divided up in chunks for each IP
   address family.

   An IPv6 and IPv4 start priority must be given.  In this example IPv6
   starts at 60000 and IPv4 at 59000.  IPv6 should be given the highest
   start priority.

   Interfaces known to the application to provide unreliable
   connectivity will be given a low local_preference value.  This will
   place candidates from those interface near the end in a sorted
   candidate list.

          IPv6    IPv4
          Start   Start
   65535  60k     59k    58k    57k    56k    55k                    0
   +--------+------+------+------+------+------+---------------------+
   |        | IPv6 | IPv4 | IPv6 | IPv4 | IPv6 |                     |
   |        | (1)  |  (1) |  (2) |  (2) |  (3) |                     |
   +--------+------+------+------+------+------+---------------------+
             <- N->




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   The local preference can be calculated by the given formula:

             local_preference = ((S - N*2*(Cn/Cmax))* Ri) + I

   S: Address type specific start value (IPv4 or IPv6 Start)

   N: Absolute value of IPv6_start-IPv4_start.  This ensures a positive
      number even if IPv4 is the highest priority.

   Cn:  Number of current candidates of a specific IP address type and
      candidate type (host, server reflexive or relay).

   Cmax:  Number of allowed consecutive candidates of the same IP
      address type.

   Ri:  Reliable interface.  A reliable interface known by the
      application to provide reliable connectivity should set this value
      to 1.  Interfaces known to provide unreliable connectivity should
      set this to 0.  (Allowed values are 0 and 1)

   I: Interface priority.  Unreliable interfaces can set this value to
      get a priority among the unreliable interfaces.  Max value is
      recommended to be N.  Reliable interfaces should set this to 0.

   Using the values N=abs(60000-59000) and Cmax = 2 yields the following
   sorted local candidate list with only reliable interfaces:

    (1)  HOST  IPv6 (1) Priority: 2129289471
    (2)  HOST  IPv6 (2) Priority: 2129289470
    (3)  HOST  IPv4 (1) Priority: 2129033471
    (4)  HOST  IPv4 (2) Priority: 2129033470
    (5)  HOST  IPv6 (1) Priority: 2128777471
    (6)  HOST  IPv6 (2) Priority: 2128777470
    (7)  HOST  IPv4 (1) Priority: 2128521471
    (8)  HOST  IPv4 (2) Priority: 2128521470
    (9)  HOST  IPv6 (1) Priority: 2128265471
    (10) HOST  IPv6 (2) Priority: 2128265470
    (11) SRFLX IPv6 (1) Priority: 1693081855
    (12) SRFLX IPv6 (2) Priority: 1693081854
    (13) SRFLX IPv4 (1) Priority: 1692825855
    (14) SRFLX IPv4 (2) Priority: 1692825854
    (15) RELAY IPv6 (1) Priority: 15360255
    (16) RELAY IPv6 (2) Priority: 15360254
    (17) RELAY IPv4 (1) Priority: 15104255
    (18) RELAY IPv4 (2) Priority: 15104254






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   The result is an even spread of IPv6 and IPv4 candidates among the
   different candidate types (host, server reflexive, relay).  The local
   preference value is calculated separately for each candidate type.

7.  IANA Considerations

   None.

8.  Security Considerations

   STUN connectivity check using MAC computed during key exchanged in
   the signaling channel provides message integrity and data origin
   authentication as described in section 2.5 of [RFC5245] apply to this
   use.

9.  Acknowledgements

   Authors would like to thank Dan Wing, Ari Keranen, Bernard Aboba,
   Martin Thomson, Jonathan Lennox, Balint Menyhart and Simon Perreault
   for their comments and review.

10.  Normative References

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [RFC3484]  Draves, R., "Default Address Selection for Internet
              Protocol version 6 (IPv6)", RFC 3484, February 2003.

   [RFC5245]  Rosenberg, J., "Interactive Connectivity Establishment
              (ICE): A Protocol for Network Address Translator (NAT)
              Traversal for Offer/Answer Protocols", RFC 5245, April
              2010.

   [RFC6555]  Wing, D. and A. Yourtchenko, "Happy Eyeballs: Success with
              Dual-Stack Hosts", RFC 6555, April 2012.

   [RFC6724]  Thaler, D., Draves, R., Matsumoto, A., and T. Chown,
              "Default Address Selection for Internet Protocol Version 6
              (IPv6)", RFC 6724, September 2012.

Authors' Addresses









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   Paal-Erik Martinsen
   Cisco Systems, Inc.
   Philip Pedersens Vei 22
   Lysaker, Akershus  1325
   Norway

   Email: palmarti@cisco.com


   Tirumaleswar Reddy
   Cisco Systems, Inc.
   Cessna Business Park, Varthur Hobli
   Sarjapur Marathalli Outer Ring Road
   Bangalore, Karnataka  560103
   India

   Email: tireddy@cisco.com


   Prashanth Patil
   Cisco Systems, Inc.
   Bangalore
   India

   Email: praspati@cisco.com


























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