Internet DRAFT - draft-mahesh-karp-rkmp

draft-mahesh-karp-rkmp







Network Working Group                                    M. Jethanandani
Internet-Draft
Intended status: Standards Track                                 B. Weis
Expires: January 23, 2019                                  Cisco Systems
                                                                K. Patel
                                                                  Arrcus
                                                                D. Zhang
                                                                  Huawei
                                                              S. Hartman
                                                       Painless Security
                                                             U. Chunduri
                                                                 A. Tian
                                                           Ericsson Inc.
                                                                J. Touch
                                                                 USC/ISI
                                                           July 22, 2018


       Negotiation for Keying Pairwise Routing Protocols in IKEv2
                       draft-mahesh-karp-rkmp-06

Abstract

   This document describes a mechanism to secure the routing protocols
   which use unicast to transport their signaling messages.  Most of
   such routing protocols are TCP-based (e.g., BGP and LDP), and the TCP
   Authentication Option (TCP-AO) is primarily employed for securing the
   signaling messages of these routing protocols.  There are also two
   exceptions: BFD which is over UDP or MPLS, and RSVP-TE which is over
   IP (but employs an integrated approach to protecting the signaling
   messages instead of using IPsec).  The proposed mechanism secures
   pairwise TCP-based Routing Protocol (RP) associations, BFD
   associations and RSVP-TE associations using the IKEv2 Key Management
   Protocol (KMP) integrated with TCP-AO, BFD, and RSVP-TE respectively.
   Included are extensions to IKEv2 and its Security Associations to
   enable its key negotiation to support TCP-AO, BFD, and RSVP-TE.

Requirements Language

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.




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Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
     1.1.  Terminologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     1.2.  Acronyms and Abbreviations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
   2.  Overview  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     2.1.  Types of Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
   3.  Protocol Exchanges  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     3.1.  IKE_SA_INIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     3.2.  IKE_AUTH  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
     3.3.  CREATE_CHILD_SA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
     3.4.  INFORMATIONAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
   4.  Operation Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
     4.1.  General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
     4.2.  Initial Key Specific Data Exchange  . . . . . . . . . . .  10
     4.3.  Key Selection, Rollover and Protocol Interaction  . . . .  10
   5.  Key Management Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
   6.  Header and Payload Formats  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
     6.1.  Header and Payload Formats for TCP-AO . . . . . . . . . .  11
       6.1.1.  Security Association Payload for TCP-AO . . . . . . .  11
         6.1.1.1.  Transforms Substructures for TCP-AO . . . . . . .  11



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         6.1.1.2.  Example Proposal Exchange . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
       6.1.2.  Derivation of TCP-AO Keying Material  . . . . . . . .  13
     6.2.  Security Association Payload for BFD  . . . . . . . . . .  13
       6.2.1.  Transforms Substructures for BFD Authentication . . .  14
     6.3.  Security Association Payload for RSVP-TE  . . . . . . . .  15
       6.3.1.  Transforms Substructures for RSVP-TE Authentication .  15
     6.4.  Notify and Delete Payloads  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  16
   7.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  16
   8.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  17
   9.  Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  17
   10. References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  17
     10.1.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  17
     10.2.  Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  18
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  19

1.  Introduction

   Existing routing protocols using unicast pairwise communication model
   (e.g., BGP, LDP, RSVP-TE, and BFD) have cryptographic authentication
   mechanisms that use a key shared between the network devices (devices
   for short) on the both sides of the model to protect routing message
   exchanges between endpoints.  The unicast key management for these
   protocols today is limited to statically configured master keys in
   individual network devices.  This document defines a mechanism to
   secure such pairwise Routing Protocol (RP) associations using IKEv2
   [RFC7296], allowing network devices to automatically exchange keying
   material related information between the network devices.  To benefit
   the discussion, it is implied that the routing protocols mentioned in
   the remainder of this memo use unicast pair-wise communication model,
   unless otherwise mentioned.

   This memo assumes that network devices need to be provisioned with
   some credentials for a one-to-one authentication protocol.  Any
   method for a pairwise security protocol specified for use with IKEv2
   is applicable.

   When two network devices running a routing protocol have not yet
   established a secure association, the two endpoints need to select a
   KMP solution that meets their mutual requirements and use that KMP
   solution to establish the required security before sending out any
   routing protocol packets.  The KMP solution typically enables the
   network devices to perform mutual authentication using their
   provisioned credentials and to agree upon certain keying material as
   the result of an successful authentication.  The keying material then
   can be applied to secure the routing protocol.






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1.1.  Terminologies

   This section lists the key terminologies used throughout the memo.

   Network Device: In this memo, a router or any other type of device
   participating in routing protocols is referred to as a network
   device.

   Key Management Database (KDMB): A KDMB is a conceptual database which
   locates in the middle of a key management protocol and a routing
   protocol to provide the long-term key management service.  Therefore,
   the RP and the KMP need not to cooperate directly.

1.2.  Acronyms and Abbreviations

   The following acronyms and abbreviations are used throughout this
   memo.

   IKEv2 Internet Key Exchange Protocol Version 2

   RP    Routing Protocol

   SA    Security Association

   KMP   Key Management Protocol

2.  Overview

   As illustrated in Figure 1, this work makes use the state machine of
   IKEv2.  Assume a network device and its peer device are in State 1.
   That is, the device has not authenticated its peer device and does
   not have the keys to secure the routing protocol packets which it
   would like to exchange with the peer.  Before sending any routing
   protocol packets, the two devices need to perform a IKE_SA_INIT
   exchange.  If the IKE_SA_INIT exchange succeeds, both network devices
   are transferred to State 2 where they have agreed upon certain keying
   material but have decided how to use the material to derive keys to
   secure routing protocols.  To achieve this objective, the two network
   devices perform an IKE_AUTH exchange, in which both endpoints try to
   authenticate each other and generate security associations for the
   routing protocol they intend to support.  If the IKE_AUTH exchange
   succeeds, the network devices transfer their state to State 3 where
   both endpoints are authenticated and keys for securing the routing
   protocols are generated.  If the endpoints intend to generate new SAs
   for routing protocols by using the keying material already generated,
   they can just perform an CREATE_CHILD_SA exchange.  A discussion in
   more details can be found in Section 4.




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                    -----------------------
         =======> |   Not Authenticated   |==========
        ||        |   No RP Keys          |          ||
        ||         -----------------------       IKE_SA_INIT exchange
        ||                State 1                    ||
        ||                                           ||
   INFORMATIONAL                                     VV
        ||                                 --------------------------
        ||                                 | Privacy Keys Exchanged |
        ||                                 | No RP Keys             |
        ||                                 --------------------------
        ||                                           ||  State 2
        ||                                           ||
        ||         |--------------------          IKE_AUTH exchange
          =========| Authenticated     | <============
                   | RP Keys Derived   | ====
                    --------------------   ||
                    State 3 ^^             ||
                            ||        CREATE_CHILD_SA
                            ||             ||
                             ===============

                          Figure 1: State Diagram

2.1.  Types of Keys

   Three types of keys mentioned the discussion of this memo are listed
   as follows:

   o  PSK (Pre-Shared Key) : a PSK is a pair-wise unique key, which can
      be used for securing the routing protocol exchanges or be used for
      authenticating a network device by a KMP.  These keys are
      configured by some mechanism such as manual configuration or a
      management application outside of the scope of KMP.

   o  Protocol master key: A protocol master key is a key exported by a
      KMP for use by a routing protocol.  This is the key that is shared
      in the KMDB between the routing protocol and KMP.  A routing
      protocol may use a protocol master key directly or derive traffic
      keys from it.

   o  Traffic key: A traffic key is the key actually used to protect the
      integrity of the routing messages exchanged in a routing protocol.
      In existing cryptographic authentication mechanisms for routing
      protocols, the traffic key can be the same as or derived from the
      protocol master key.  If there is no KMP provided, a traffic key
      can be the same as or derived from a pre-shared key.




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3.  Protocol Exchanges

   The KARP analysis in BGP, LDP, PCEP, and MSDP indicates that all of
   these routing protocols need a dedicated key management
   protocol[RFC6952] to confidentially exchange keying material between
   endpoints.  There is no need to define an entirely new protocol for
   this purpose, when existing mature protocol exchanges and methods
   have been vetted.  This draft makes use of the IKEv2 protocol
   exchanges, state machine, and policy definitions to define a
   dedicated key management protocol.

   The notations contained in the IKEv2 message are defined as follows.

                +----------+------------------------------+
                | Notation | Payload                      |
                +----------+------------------------------+
                | AUTH     | Authentication               |
                | CERT     | Certificate                  |
                | CERTREQ  | Certificate Request          |
                | D        | Delete                       |
                | HDR      | IKEv2 Header (not a payload) |
                | IDi      | Identification - Initiator   |
                | IDr      | Identification - Responder   |
                | KE       | Key Exchange                 |
                | Ni, Nr   | Nonce                        |
                | N        | Notify                       |
                | SA       | Security Association         |
                | SK       | Encrypted and Authenticated  |
                | TSi      | Traffic Selector - Initiator |
                | TSr      | Traffic Selector - Responder |
                +----------+------------------------------+

                    Acronyms Used in Protocol Exchange

3.1.  IKE_SA_INIT

   A network device desiring to negotiate a key and other associated
   parameters for a pair-wise routing protocol to a peer initiates an
   IKE_SA_INIT exchange defined in IKEv2 [RFC7296].  The IKE_SA_INIT
   exchange is a two-message exchange that allows the network devices to
   negotiate cryptographic algorithms, exchange nonce information, and
   do a Diffie-Hellman (DH) [DH] exchange, for their routing protocols,
   after which protocols on these network devices can communicate
   privately.  Note that at the end of a IKE_SA_INIT exchange the
   endpoints on the both sides have not authenticated each other yet.
   For the details of this exchange, refer to IKE_SA_INIT in IKEv2
   [RFC7296].




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    Peer (Initiator)                   Peer (Responder)
    --------------------               ------------------
    HDR, SAi1, KEi, Ni        -->
                              <--      HDR, SAr1, KEr, Nr, [CERTREQ,]

                                IKE_SA_INIT

   Up to this step, this work introduces no change to IKEv2.

3.2.  IKE_AUTH

   Next, the network devices perform an IKE_AUTH exchange defined in
   IKEv2 [RFC7296].  The SA payloads contain the security policies for a
   key and the associated parameters (as defined in Header and Payload
   Formats (Section 6)), and the TS payloads contains traffic selectors
   as defined in IKEv2 [RFC7296].  For the details of the exchange
   please refer to IKE_AUTH in IKEv2 [RFC7296].

   Peer (Initiator)                         Peer (Responder)
   --------------------                     ------------------
   HDR, SK {IDi, [CERT,] [CERTREQ,]
   [IDr,] AUTH, SAi2, TSi, TSr}     -->
                                    <--     HDR, SK {IDr, [CERT,] AUTH,
                                            SAr2, TSi, TSr}


                                 IKE_AUTH

   In the IKE_AUTH exchange, the Initiator proposes one or more sets of
   policies for the key used for securing a routing protocol in the
   SAi2.  The SA payload indicates that the supported policies
   associated with the key are being proposed.  The Responder returns
   the one policy contained in SAr2 that it accepts.  Based on this
   policy, appropriate keying material is derived from the existing
   shared keying material.  At the successful conclusion of the IKE_AUTH
   exchange, the initiator and responder have agreed upon a single set
   of policy and keying material for a particular routing protocol.

3.3.  CREATE_CHILD_SA

   The network devices may then destroy the state associated with the
   IKEv2 SA, continuing to use the RP policy and keying material, or
   they may choose to retain them for further usages.  Note that this
   policy differs from IKEv2/IPsec, where the deletion of the IKEv2 SA
   necessitates the deletion of the IPsec SAs.  If both the network
   devices choose to retain them, they may use the IKEv2 SA to
   subsequently agree upon replacement policy for the same RP, or agree
   upon the policy and keying material for another routing protocol.



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   Either case will require the use of the IKEv2 CREATE_CHILD_SA
   exchange as defined in IKEv2 [RFC7296].

   A CREATE_CHILD_SA exchange therefore can be triggered in order to

   1.  Rekey an antique RP master key and establish a new equivalent
       one,

   2.  Generate needed keying material for a newly executed routing
       protocol based on an existing SA, or

   3.  Rekey an IKEv2 SA and establish a new equivalent IKEv2 SA.

   Peer (Initiator)                      Peer (Responder)
   --------------------                  ------------------
   HDR, SK {[N], SA, Ni, [KEi],
   [TSi, TSr]}                   -->
                                 <--    HDR, SK {SA, Nr, [KEr],
                                        [TSi, TSr]}

                              CREATE_CHILD_SA

   A CREATE_CHILD_SA exchange MAY be initiated by either end of the SA
   after the initial exchanges are completed.  All messages in a
   CREATE_CHILD_SA exchange are cryptographically protected using the
   cryptographic algorithms and keys negotiated in the initial exchange.

   For details on the exchange, refer to the CREATE_CHILD_SA exchange as
   defined in IKEv2 [RFC7296].

3.4.  INFORMATIONAL

   The IKEv2 INFORMATIONAL exchange is also useful for deleting specific
   IKEv2 SAs or sending status information.  The Notify (N) and Delete
   (D) payloads are as those defined by IKEv2 [IKEV2-PARAMS].  For
   example, if the Responder refused to accept one of Proposals sent by
   the Initiator, it would return an INFORMATIONAL exchange of type
   NO_PROPOSAL_CHOSEN instead of the response to CREATE_CHILD_SA.

   Peer (Initiator)                   Peer (Responder)
   -------------------                ------------------
   HDR, SK {[N,] [D,] ... }    -->
                               <--    HDR, SK {[N,] [D,] ... }

                               INFORMATIONAL






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4.  Operation Details

4.1.  General

   IKEv2 is used to dynamically derive keying material information
   between the two network devices trying to establish or maintain a
   routing protocol neighbor adjacency.  Typically network devices
   running the routing protocols establish neighbor adjacencies at the
   routing protocol level.  These routing protocols may run different
   security algorithms that provide transport level security for the
   protocol neighbor adjacencies.  Depending on the security algorithm
   used, the routing protocols are configured with security algorithm
   specific keys that are either long term keys or short term session
   keys.  These keys are specific to the security algorithms used to
   enforce transport level security for the routing protocols.

   A routing protocol causes IKEv2 to execute when it needs keying
   material to establish neighbor adjacency.  This can be as a result of
   the routing protocol neighbor being configured, neighbor changed or
   updated, a local rekey policy decision, or some other event dictated
   by the implementation.  The keying material would allow the network
   devices to then independently generate the same key and establish an
   IKEv2 session between them.  This is typically done by the Initiator
   (IKEv2 speaker) initiating an IKEv2 IKE_SA_INIT exchange mentioned in
   the section 2.1 towards its IKEv2 peer.  As part of IKEv2_INIT
   exchange, IKEv2 will send a message to the peer's IKEv2 port.  The
   format of the message is explained in Section 6.  The procedure to
   exchange key information is explained in Section 6.  Once the keying
   material information is successfully exchanged by both of the IKEv2
   speakers, the IKEv2 neighbor adjacency may be torn down or kept
   around as explained in Section 6.

   The master key data received from IKEv2 peers is stored in the
   separate Key Management Database known as KMDB.  KMDB follows the
   guidelines in Database of Long Lived Symmetric Cryptographic Keys
   [RFC7210], and each entry consists of Key specific information,
   Security algorithm to which the Key is applicable to, Routing
   Protocol Clients of interest, and the announcing KMP Peer.  KMDB is
   also used to notify the routing protocols about the key updates.
   Typically keying material information is exchanged whenever a routing
   protocol is about to create a new neighbor adjacency.  This is
   considered as an Initial Key exchange mode.  Keying material
   information is also exchanged to refresh existing key data on an
   already existing neighbor adjacency.  This is considered as Key
   rollover exchange mode.  The following sections describes their
   detail behavior.





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4.2.  Initial Key Specific Data Exchange

   Routing protocols informs IKEv2 of its new neighbor adjacency.  It
   does so by creating a local entry in KMDB which consists of a
   Security algorithm, Key specific information, routing protocol client
   and the routing protocol neighbor.  Upon a successful creation of
   such an entry IKEv2 initiates KMP peering with the neighbor and
   starts an initial IKE_SA_INIT exchange explained in Section 3.1
   followed by the RP_AUTH exchanged explained in Section 3.2.  Once the
   key related information is successfully exchanged, KMDB may invoke
   the routing protocol client to provide key specific information
   updates if any.

4.3.  Key Selection, Rollover and Protocol Interaction

   A routing protocol may need to perform the key selection and rollover
   in cooperation with KMDB.  Such a procedure is described in Section 3
   of Database of Long-Lived Symmetric Cryptographic Keys [RFC7210].
   Details of how RP interact with KMDB and deals with multiple keys
   during rollover are also described in that section.  When a routing
   protocol uses TCP-AO to secure its message exchanges, conditions
   could be a little more complex.  Typically, a TCP-AO implementation
   has its own key tables.  TCP-AO may only carry out key management
   operations on the key tables if the key information maintained in
   KDMB needs not to be updated.  In
   [I-D.chunduri-karp-using-ikev2-with-tcp-ao], a Gatekeeper (GK)
   mechanism is provided to orchestrate the key management operations on
   the TCP-AO key tables and KMDB.

5.  Key Management Database

   Protocol interaction between KMP and its client routing protocols is
   typically done using KMDB.  Routing protocols may be able to update
   KMDB by performing key selection and rollover operations.  During a
   key selection, if there is no appropriate key found in the conceptual
   database, as a part of the KMDB update, IKEv2 is initiated to connect
   with its appropriate IKEv2 peer so as to generate a new key.  When a
   key needs to be revoked, it is also the responsibility of IKEv2 to
   inform its peer to guarantee the synchronization of the databases on
   the both sides.  In addition, when a key is obsoleted for some
   reasons when it is being used by a client routing protocol, the
   routing protocol may need to be informed of this update.  For the
   routing protocols which using TCP-AO to secure their message
   exchanges, a Gatekeeper mechanism is provided to trigger the update
   of keys and manage the key revocation
   [I-D.chunduri-karp-using-ikev2-with-tcp-ao].





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6.  Header and Payload Formats

   The protocol defined in this memo uses IKEv2 payload definitions.
   However, new security policy definitions are described to support
   security transforms and policy defined by routing protocol documents.

6.1.  Header and Payload Formats for TCP-AO

6.1.1.  Security Association Payload for TCP-AO

   The TCP Authentication Option (TCP-AO) [RFC5925] is primarily
   intended for BGP and other TCP-based routing protocols.  In order for
   IKEv2 to negotiate TCP-AO policy, a new Security Protocol Identifier
   needs to be defined in the IANA registry for "IKEv2 Security Protocol
   Identifiers" Magic Numbers' for ISAKMP Protocol [IKEV2-PROTOCOL-IDS].
   This memo proposes adding a new Protocol Identifier to the table,
   with a Protocol Name of "TCP_AO" and a value of 6.

   The Security Association (SA) payload contains a list of Proposals,
   which describe one or more sets of policies that a network device is
   willing to use to protect a routing protocol.  In the Initiator's
   message, the SAi2 payload contains a list of Proposal payloads (as
   defined in the next sections), each of which contains a single set of
   policy that can be applied to the packets described in the Traffic
   Selector (TS) payloads in the same exchange.  Each set of policy is
   given a particular "Proposal Number" uniquely identifying this set of
   policy.

   The responder includes a single Proposal payload in it's SA policy,
   which denotes the choice it has made amongst the initiator's list of
   Proposals.  Any attributes of a selected transform MUST be returned
   unmodified as explained in IKEv2 [RFC7296] section 3.3.6.  The
   initiator of an exchange MUST check that the accepted offer is
   consistent with one of its proposals, and if not MUST terminate the
   exchange.

6.1.1.1.  Transforms Substructures for TCP-AO

   Each Proposal has a list of Transform (T) substructures, each of
   which describe a particular set of cryptographic policy choices.  A
   TCP-AO proposal uses the INTEG transform to negotiate the MKT Message
   Authentication Code (MAC) algorithm.  Cryptographic Algorithms for
   TCP-AO [RFC5926] describes HMAC-SHA-1-96, AES-128-CMAC-96, which map
   to the existing INTEG transform IDs of AUTH_HMAC_SHA1_96 and
   AUTH_AES_CMAC_96 respectively.  The use of each INTEG algorithm
   implies the use of a specific KDF (deriving session keys from a
   master key), and so the choice of a particular INTEG transform ID
   also specifies the required KDF transform.  This will be true for



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   every transform ID used with TCP-AO, as required in RFC 5926 (see
   Section 3.2 where the "KDF_Alg" is a fixed element of a MAC algorithm
   definition for TCP-AO).

   A TCP-AO proposal also requires a new type of transform, which
   describes whether TCP options are to be protected by the integrity
   algorithm.  This memo proposes adding a new Transform Type in the
   IANA registry for "Transform Type Values" [IKEV2-TRANSFORM-TYPES]

   +-------+---------------------------------+
   |Number |            Name                 |
   +-------+---------------------------------+
   |  0    |Options Not Integrity Protected  |
   |  1    |Options Integrity Protected      |
   +-------+---------------------------------

   Figure 2: Transform Type 6 - TCP Authentication Option Transform IDs

   The TCP-AO KeyID is sent in the SPI field of an IKEv2 proposal.  A
   KeyID for TCP-AO has the same purpose as an IPsec SPI value, so it is
   natural to place it in this portion of the proposal.  If the KeyID
   values in a responder's Proposal does not mach the KeyID values
   initiator's Proposal, then they have chosen to use different KeyID
   values to represent the same master key and associated proposal
   policy.  This is consistent with how IPsec uses the SPI value, and
   the semantic of initiator and responder using different SendIDs is
   supported by RFC 5925.

   The following table shows the Transforms that can be negotiated for a
   TCP-AO protocol.

   Protocol    Mandatory Types          Optional Types
   ---------------------------------------------------
   TCP-AO      INTEG, TCP               D-H

          Figure 3: Mandatory and Optional Transforms for TCP-AO

6.1.1.2.  Example Proposal Exchange

   Figure 4 shows an example of IKEv2 SA Payload including a single
   Proposal sent in the first message of an IKE_AUTH or CREATE_CHILD_SA
   exchange.  It indicates a willingness to use either of the two MAC
   algorithms defined in RFC 5926, and is willing to either protect TCP
   options or not.  The SPI value represents the new SendID it is
   associating with the TCP-AO Master Key Tuple (MKT) policy being
   negotiated.





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          SA Payload
             |
             +--- Proposal #1 ( Proto ID = TCP-AO(T6), SPI size = 1,
                   |            4 transforms,      SPI = 0x01 )
                   |
                   +-- Transform INTEG ( Name = AUTH_HMAC_SHA1_96 )
                   +-- Transform INTEG ( Name = AUTH_AES_CMAC_96 )
                   +-- Transform TCP ( Name = PROTECT_OPTIONS )
                   +-- Transform TCP ( Name = NO_PROTECT_OPTIONS )

             Figure 4: Example Initiator SA Payload for TCP-AO

   The responder will record the SPI value to be the RecvID of the MKT.
   It chooses its own SendID value, one of each Transform type, and
   returns this policy in the response message.  For example, if the
   responder chose HMAC-SHA-1-96 and chose to protect the TCP options,
   the corresponding SA payload would be:

          SA Payload
             |
             +--- Proposal #1 ( Proto ID = TCP-AO(6), SPI size = 1,
                   |            2 transforms,      SPI = 0x11 )
                   |
                   +-- Transform INTEG ( Name = AUTH_HMAC_SHA1_96 )
                   +-- Transform TCP ( Name = PROTECT_OPTIONS )

             Figure 5: Example Responder SA Payload for TCP-AO

   In this example, the Proposal responder chose to use a different SPI
   value (0x11) as its SendID.  This is possible because Section 2.2 of
   [RFC5925] declares that "KeyID values MAY be the same in both
   directions of a connection, but do not have to be and there is no
   special meaning when they are."

6.1.2.  Derivation of TCP-AO Keying Material

   Each TCP-AO MAC algorithm specification in Section 3.2 of Crypto for
   TCP-AO [RFC5926] defines the Key_Length as a number of bits <n>
   needed as keying material for the MAC algorithm.

6.2.  Security Association Payload for BFD

   In order for IKEv2 to negotiate BFD authentication policy, a new
   Security Protocol Identifier needs to be defined in the IANA registry
   for "IKEv2 Security Protocol Identifiers" Magic Numbers' for ISAKMP
   Protocol [IKEV2-PROTOCOL-IDS].  This memo proposes adding a new
   Protocol Identifier to the table, with a Protocol Name of "BFD" and a
   value of 7.



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6.2.1.  Transforms Substructures for BFD Authentication

   The base BFD specification [RFC5880] defines five authentication
   mechanisms: Password, Keyed MD5, Meticulous Keyed MD5, Keyed SHA1,
   and Meticulous Keyed SHA1.  Because Password does not use keys, the
   support of this mechanism is out of the scope of this work.  In the
   other four mechanisms, Keyed MD5 and Meticulous Keyed MD5 use MD5 as
   the Message Authentication Code (MAC) algorithm, while Keyed SHA1 and
   Meticulous Keyed SHA1 use SHA1.  In
   [I-D.ietf-bfd-generic-crypto-auth], a generic authentication
   mechanism and a generic meticulous authentication mechanism which can
   support various MAC algorithms is proposed.

   Therefore, a BFD proposal also requires a new type of transform to
   identify the type of BFD authentication.  This memo proposes adding a
   new Transform Type in the IANA registry for "Transform Type
   Values"[IKEV2-TRANSFORM-TYPES]

   +-------+---------------------------------+
   |Number |            Name                 |
   +-------+---------------------------------+
   |  0    |Base Authentication              |
   |  1    |Base Meticulous Authentication   |
   |  2    |Generic Authentication           |
   |  3    |Generic Meticulous Authentication|
   +-------+---------------------------------+

   Figure 6: Transform Type 7 - BFD Authentication Option Transform IDs

   Base Authentication in Figure 6 indicates the keyed (MD5 or SHA-1)
   authentication mechanism defined in the base BFD specification
   [RFC5880].  Base Meticulous Authentication indicates the meticulous
   keyed (MD5 or SHA-1) authentication mechanism defined in the base BFD
   specification.  Generic Authentication and Generic Meticulous
   Authentication indicate the generic keyed authentication and the
   generic keyed meticulous authentication mechanisms defined in
   [I-D.ietf-bfd-generic-crypto-auth] respectively.

   A BFD proposal uses INTEG transforms to negotiate Message
   Authentication Code (MAC) algorithms.  In the base BFD [RFC5880],
   keyed MD5 and keyed SHA-1 are adopted.  The two algorithms can be
   identified using existing INTEG transform IDs of AUTH_HMAC_MD5_96 and
   AUTH_HMAC_SHA1_96 respectively.  In [I-D.ietf-bfd-hmac-sha], it is
   specified that a BFD using the authentication mechanisms defined in
   [I-D.ietf-bfd-generic-crypto-auth] MUST support HMAC-SHA-256 which
   can be identified using existing INTEG transform IDs of
   AUTH_HMAC_SHA2_256_128 [RFC4868].




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   The BFD KeyID is sent in the SPI field of an IKEv2 proposal.  Note
   that according to [RFC5880], the length of KeyID is 8 bits.

   Because in BFD the transport key is the same as the protocol master
   key, no KDF needs to be negotiated.

   The following figure shows the Transforms that can be negotiated for
   a BFD implementation.

   Protocol    Mandatory Types          Optional Types
   ---------------------------------------------------
   BFD         BFD, INTEG                 D-H

            Figure 7: Mandatory and Optional Transforms for BFD

6.3.  Security Association Payload for RSVP-TE

   In order for IKEv2 to negotiate RSVP-TE authentication policy, a new
   Security Protocol Identifier needs to be defined in the IANA registry
   for "IKEv2 Security Protocol Identifiers" Magic Numbers' for ISAKMP
   Protocol [IKEV2-PROTOCOL-IDS].  This memo proposes adding a new
   Protocol Identifier to the table, with a Protocol Name of "RSVP-TE"
   and a value of 8.

6.3.1.  Transforms Substructures for RSVP-TE Authentication

   In the authentication mechanism for RSVP-TE [RFC2747], only HMAC-MD5
   is mandated.  Therefore, no INTG transform needs to be included in a
   RSVP-TE proposal.

   A RSVP-TE proposal requires a new type of transform, which indicates
   whether the integrity handshake (which is used to collect the latest
   sequence number associated with a key ID) is permitted.  This memo
   proposes adding a new Transform Type in the IANA registry for
   "Transform Type Values" [IKEV2-TRANSFORM-TYPES]

   +-------+---------------------------------+
   |Number |            Name                 |
   +-------+---------------------------------+
   |  0    |Not Allowed                      |
   |  1    |Allowed                          |
   +-------+---------------------------------+

            Figure 8: Transform Type 8 - RSVP-TE Transform IDs

   The RSVP-TE KeyID is sent in the SPI field of an IKEv2 proposal.





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   The following figure shows the Transforms that can be negotiated for
   a RSVP-TE implementation.

   Protocol    Mandatory Types          Optional Types
   ---------------------------------------------------
   RSVP-TE     RSVP-TE,               D-H

            Figure 9: Mandatory and Optional Transforms for BFD

6.4.  Notify and Delete Payloads

   A Notify Payload (IKEv2 [RFC7296] Section 3.10) or Delete Payload
   (IKEv2 [RFC7296] Section 3.11) contains a Protocol ID field.  The
   Protocol ID is set to TCP_AO (6) when a notify message is relevant to
   the TCP-AO KeyID value contained in the SPI field.  Similarly, the
   Protocol ID is set to BFD (7) when a notify message is relevant to
   the BFD KeyID value contained in the SPI field, and the Protocol ID
   is set to RSVP-TE (8) when a notify message is relevant to the RSVP-
   TE KeyID value contained in the SPI field.

7.  IANA Considerations

   In order for IKEv2 to negotiate TCP-AO authentication policies, a new
   Security Protocol Identifier needs to be defined in the IANA registry
   for "IKEv2 Security Protocol Identifiers" Magic Numbers' for ISAKMP
   Protocol [IKEV2-PROTOCOL-IDS].  IANA is requested to add a new
   Protocol Identifier to the table, with a Protocol Name of "TCP-AO"
   and a value of 6.  A TCP-AO proposal also requires a new type of
   transform, which describes whether TCP options are to be protected by
   the integrity algorithm.  This memo proposes adding a new Transform
   Type 6 for this transform in the IANA registry for "Transform Type
   Values".

   In order for IKEv2 to negotiate BFD authentication policies, a new
   Security Protocol Identifier needs to be defined in the IANA registry
   for "IKEv2 Security Protocol Identifiers" Magic Numbers' for ISAKMP
   Protocol [IKEV2-PROTOCOL-IDS].  IANA is requested to add a new
   Protocol Identifier to the table, with a Protocol Name of "BFD" and a
   value of 7.  A BFD proposal also requires a new type of transform,
   which identifies the type of BFD authentication mechanism.  This memo
   proposes adding a new Transform Type 7 in the IANA registry for
   "Transform Type Values".

   In order for IKEv2 to negotiate RSVP-TE authentication policies, a
   new Security Protocol Identifier needs to be defined in the IANA
   registry for "IKEv2 Security Protocol Identifiers" Magic Numbers' for
   ISAKMP Protocol [IKEV2-PROTOCOL-IDS].  IANA is requested to add a new
   Protocol Identifier to the table, with a Protocol Name of "RSVP-TE"



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   and a value of 8.  A RSVP-TE proposal requires a new type of
   transform, which indicates whether the integrity handshake (which is
   used to collect the latest sequence number associated with a key ID)
   is permitted.  This memo proposes adding a new Transform Type 8 in
   the IANA registry for "Transform Type Values".

8.  Security Considerations

   TBD

9.  Acknowledgements

   During the development of TCP-AO, Gregory Lebovitz noted that a
   protocol based on an IKEv2 exchange would be a good automated key
   management method for deriving a TCP-AO master key.

10.  References

10.1.  Normative References

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

   [RFC2747]  Baker, F., Lindell, B., and M. Talwar, "RSVP Cryptographic
              Authentication", RFC 2747, DOI 10.17487/RFC2747, January
              2000, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2747>.

   [RFC4868]  Kelly, S. and S. Frankel, "Using HMAC-SHA-256, HMAC-SHA-
              384, and HMAC-SHA-512 with IPsec", RFC 4868,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC4868, May 2007,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4868>.

   [RFC5880]  Katz, D. and D. Ward, "Bidirectional Forwarding Detection
              (BFD)", RFC 5880, DOI 10.17487/RFC5880, June 2010,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5880>.

   [RFC5925]  Touch, J., Mankin, A., and R. Bonica, "The TCP
              Authentication Option", RFC 5925, DOI 10.17487/RFC5925,
              June 2010, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5925>.

   [RFC5926]  Lebovitz, G. and E. Rescorla, "Cryptographic Algorithms
              for the TCP Authentication Option (TCP-AO)", RFC 5926,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC5926, June 2010,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5926>.





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   [RFC7296]  Kaufman, C., Hoffman, P., Nir, Y., Eronen, P., and T.
              Kivinen, "Internet Key Exchange Protocol Version 2
              (IKEv2)", STD 79, RFC 7296, DOI 10.17487/RFC7296, October
              2014, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7296>.

10.2.  Informative References

   [DH]       Diffie, W. and M. Hellman, "New Directions in
              Cryptography", IEEE Transactions on Information
              Theory, V.IT-22 n. 6, June 1977.

   [I-D.chunduri-karp-using-ikev2-with-tcp-ao]
              Chunduri, U., Tian, A., and J. Touch, "A framework for RPs
              to use IKEv2 KMP", draft-chunduri-karp-using-ikev2-with-
              tcp-ao-06 (work in progress), February 2014.

   [I-D.ietf-bfd-generic-crypto-auth]
              Bhatia, M., Manral, V., Zhang, D., and M. Jethanandani,
              "BFD Generic Cryptographic Authentication", draft-ietf-
              bfd-generic-crypto-auth-06 (work in progress), April 2014.

   [I-D.ietf-bfd-hmac-sha]
              Zhang, D., Bhatia, M., Manral, V., and M. Jethanandani,
              "Authenticating BFD using HMAC-SHA-2 procedures", draft-
              ietf-bfd-hmac-sha-05 (work in progress), July 2014.

   [IKEV2-PARAMS]
              "Internet Key Exchange Version 2 (IKEv2) Parameters",
              <http://www.iana.org/assignments/ikev2-parameters/
              ikev2-parameters.xml>.

   [IKEV2-PROTOCOL-IDS]
              "'Magic Numbers' for ISAKMP Protocol",
              <http://www.iana.org/assignments/ikev2-parameters/
              ikev2-parameters.xml#ikev2-parameters-18>.

   [IKEV2-TRANSFORM-TYPES]
              "'Magic Numbers' for ISAKMP Protocol",
              <http://www.iana.org/assignments/ikev2-parameters/
              ikev2-parameters.xml#ikev2-parameters-3>.

   [RFC6952]  Jethanandani, M., Patel, K., and L. Zheng, "Analysis of
              BGP, LDP, PCEP, and MSDP Issues According to the Keying
              and Authentication for Routing Protocols (KARP) Design
              Guide", RFC 6952, DOI 10.17487/RFC6952, May 2013,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6952>.





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   [RFC7210]  Housley, R., Polk, T., Hartman, S., and D. Zhang,
              "Database of Long-Lived Symmetric Cryptographic Keys",
              RFC 7210, DOI 10.17487/RFC7210, April 2014,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7210>.

Authors' Addresses

   Mahesh Jethanandani
   California
   USA

   Email: mjethanandani@gmail.com


   Brian Weis
   Cisco Systems
   170 W. Tasman Drive
   San Jose, California  95134
   USA

   Phone: +1 (408) 526-4796
   Email: bew@cisco.com


   Keyur Patel
   Arrcus
   California
   USA

   Email: keyur@arrcus.com


   Dacheng Zhang
   Huawei
   Beijing
   China

   Email: zhangdacheng@huawei.com


   Sam Hartman
   Painless Security

   Email: hartmans@painless-security.com







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   Uma Chunduri
   Ericsson Inc.
   300 Holger Way
   San Jose, California  95134
   USA

   Email: uma.chunduri@ericsson.com


   Albert Tian
   Ericsson Inc.
   300 Holger Way
   San Jose, California  95134
   USA

   Email: albert.tian@ericsson.com


   Joe Touch
   USC/ISI
   4676 Admiralty Way
   Marina del Rey, California  90292-6695
   USA

   Email: touch@isi.edu


























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