Internet DRAFT - draft-lagos-lpwan-icmpv6-static-context-hc
draft-lagos-lpwan-icmpv6-static-context-hc
LPWAN T. Lagos, Ed.
Internet-Draft D. Dujovne
Intended status: Informational Universidad Diego Portales
Expires: September 6, 2018 March 5, 2018
LPWAN Static Context Header Compression (SCHC) for ICMPv6
draft-lagos-lpwan-icmpv6-static-context-hc-01
Abstract
This document provides the implementation of the LPWAN static context
header compression (SCHC) for the Internet Control Message Protocol
version 6 (ICMPv6) on networks with star topology. SCHC is a header
compression technique which uses RoHC concepts and the flexibility of
6LoWPAN to avoid fields that are known by all network devices and
compress the remaining header fields. The ICMPv6 messages considered
in this draft are Echo Request, Echo Reply and Neighbor Discovery.
Requirements Language
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
"OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC
2119 [RFC2119].
Status of This Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute
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Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
This Internet-Draft will expire on September 6, 2018.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2018 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
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This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
(https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
publication of this document. Please review these documents
carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
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described in the Simplified BSD License.
Table of Contents
1. TEMPORARY EDITORIAL NOTES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3. LoRa networks using ICMPv6 message . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
4. SCHC compression over Echo Request - Echo Reply . . . . . . . 4
5. Router Solicitation SCHC compression . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
6. Router Advertisement SCHC compression . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
7. SCHC compression over Neighbor Solicitation . . . . . . . . . 7
8. SCHC compression over Neighbor Advertisement . . . . . . . . 8
9. LoRa Gateway tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
10. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
11. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
11.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
11.2. Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMPv6) for the
Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) Specification . . . . 10
11.3. Neighbor Discovery for IP version 6 (IPv6) . . . . . . . 10
11.4. LPWAN Static Context Header Compression (SCHC) and
fragmentation for IPv6 and UDP . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1. TEMPORARY EDITORIAL NOTES
This document is an Internet Draft, so it is work-in-progress by
nature. It contains the following work-in-progress elements:
o "TODO" statements are elements which have not yet been written by
the authors for some reason (lack of time, ongoing discussions
with no clear consensus, etc). The statement does indicate that
the text will be written at some time.
o "TEMPORARY" appendices are there to capture current ongoing
discussions, or the changelog of the document. These
appendiceswill be removed in the final text.
o "IANA_" identifiers are placeholders for numbers assigned by IANA.
These placeholders are to be replaced by the actual values they
represent after their assignment by IANA.
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o The string "REMARK" is put before a remark (questions, suggestion,
etc) from an author, editor of contributor. These are on-going
discussions at the time to writing, NOT part of the final text.
o This section will be removed in the final text.
2. Introduction
LPWANs are networks where low power consumption, high delay and
extremely small packets characterize the traffic. The nodes are
tipically connected in a star topology, with a central gateway that
connects the network to the Internet. Most IP-based networks require
ICMP services to enable network configuration and testing, such as
neighbor node detection and round trip time calculation. Because
ICMPv6 has redundant information in header fields, SCHC can be
deployed efficiently, especially for LPWA devices that are
constrained by a small available bandwidth and power limitations.
This document describes ICMPv6 message compression using SCHC
compression defined on [I-D.toutain-lpwan-ipv6-static-context-hc] to
reduce to the minimum the required LPWAN packet size.
3. LoRa networks using ICMPv6 message
High coverage and low power communication technologies - LoRa
networks - allow the construction of data capture systems with the
goal of covering a large area with a low bandwidth. This technology
is characterized by the transmission of short packets and their
direct sequence spread spectrum - DSSS.
To maintain communications between the nodes and the outer is
necessary the implementation of a neighbor discovery protocol. The
internet layer will be composed by the ICMPv6 protocol.
The use of SCHC in LoRa messages is fundamental in the ICMPv6
comunication. This is because the IPv6 header consist in 40 Bytes
and the ICMPv6 header in the worst esenario can be reach lenght over
the 36 Bytes. For a LoRa escenario the field checksum of a ICMPv6
message will be avoided how is shown in the next chapters. This is
because LoRa message posses CRC so it is not necesassary to send it.
The fields link layer and target address (only link local) in a
ICMPv6 message are going be sended ones as they will be saved in the
memory of the LoRa Gateway. For more datails see Section 9
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4. SCHC compression over Echo Request - Echo Reply
Echo Request and Echo Reply are composed by the same fields:
o Type: Message type. In case it is Echo Request the value will be
0x80. If it is Echo Reply will be 0x81.
o Code: Always 0.
o Checksum: This field is composed by 2 Bytes where the values are
calculated as defined on RFC 4443 [RFC4443].
o Identifier: It is the ID of the package.
o Sequence: It is the sequence number of the transmitted packet.
For a SCHC compression it is necessary to identify which fields stay
static to build the context.
The fields Code and checksum can be elided because Code is always
zero and Checksum can be calculated after the decompression of the
packet. In the case of Type, this field can be represented in the
SCHC rule. The Identifier and Sequence fields will be sent after the
SCHC rule.
+------------+----+-----+----------+------------------+---+----------+
| Field | FP | DI | Match | Comp Decomp | | Sent |
| | | | Opera. | Action | | [bits] |
+------------+----+-----+----------+------------------+---+----------+
| Type | 1 | Bi | equal | not sent | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Code | 1 | Bi | equal | not sent | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Checksum | 1 | Bi | ignore | compute-checksum | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Identifier | 1 | Bi | equal | sent | | [16] |
| | | | | | | |
| Sequence | 1 | Bi | ignore | sent | | [16] |
+------------+----+-----+----------+------------------+---+----------+
5. Router Solicitation SCHC compression
The Router Solicitation packet header is composed by:
o Type: Type of message. Value: 0x85.
o Code: Always 0.
o Checksum: This field is composed by 2 Bytes where the values are
caculated as defined on RFC 4443 [RFC4443]
o Reserved: These 4 bytes have a 0 value.
o Option: This field corresponds to the MAC address.
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The most significant field is the MAC address of the network host.
As mentioned on RFC 4861 [RFC4861], Router Solicitation should have a
Link-Local Source Address and a Router Multicast Address which can be
integrated after the packet decompression.
+-------------+----+-----+---------+------------------+---+----------+
| Field | FP | DI | Match | Comp Decomp | | Sent |
| | | | Opera. | Action | | [bits] |
+-------------+----+-----+---------+------------------+---+----------+
| Type | 1 | Bi | equal | not sent | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Code | 1 | Bi | equal | not sent | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Checksum | 1 | Bi | ignore | compute-checksum | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Reserved | 1 | Bi | equal | not sent | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Option - | 1 | Bi | equal | not sent | | |
| type | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Option - | 1 | Bi | ignore | compute-length | | |
| length | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Option - | 1 | Bi | ignore | sent | | [48] |
| link-layer | | | | | | |
+-------------+----+-----+---------+------------------+---+----------+
6. Router Advertisement SCHC compression
The Router Advertisement packet header is composed by:
o Type: Type of message. Value: 0x86.
o Code: Always 0.
o Checksum: This field is composed by 2 Bytes where they values are
caculated as it is explained on RFC 4443 [RFC4443].
o Current Hop Limit: Because this is a star topology, the value MUST
be set to 255.
o Autoconfig Flags: Depending on the router configuration, it will
advertise if DHCP is allowed or not.
o Router Lifetime: This field indicates the time that the Router
keeps the condition of default device.
o Reachable Time: Indicates to the host how much time a neighbour is
considered reachable.
o Retransmission Timer: Indicates the delay that the host should
have before transmission.
o Options: This field contains the MAC Address, MTU and the IPv6
Prefix of the network.
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The SCHC compression for Router Advertisement is designed to send the
MAC address of the packet. Like the Echo message, the Type field can
be represented in the SCHC rule.
The Current Hop Limit, Autoconfig Flags, Lifetime Router, Reachable
Time, and Retransmission Timer fields can be deleted if the host
knows these values. The MTU of this packet can be elided and the
IPv6 prefix helps the SCHC compression of the global address,
omitting the first 8 bytes of the address.
+----------------+----+----+--------+------------------+---+---------+
| Field | FP | DI | Match | Comp Decomp | | Sent |
| | | | Opera. | Action | | [bits] |
+----------------+----+----+--------+------------------+---+---------+
| Type | 1 | Bi | equal | not sent | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Code | 1 | Bi | equal | not sent | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Checksum | 1 | Bi | ignore | compute-checksum | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Current Hop | 1 | Bi | ignore | not sent | | |
| Limit | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Autoconfig | 1 | Bi | ignore | not sent | | |
| Flags | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Router | 1 | Bi | ignore | not sent | | |
| Lifetime | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Reachable Time | 1 | Bi | ignore | not sent | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Retransmission | 1 | Bi | ignore | not sent | | |
| Timer | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Option - type | 1 | Bi | equal | not sent | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Option - | 1 | Bi | ignore | compute-length | | |
| length | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Option - link- | 1 | Bi | ignore | sent | | [48] |
| layer | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Option - type | 1 | Bi | equal | not sent | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Option - | 1 | Bi | ignore | not sent | | |
| length | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Option - | 1 | Bi | equal | not sent | | |
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| reserved | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Option - MTU | 1 | Bi | ignore | not sent | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Option - type | 1 | Bi | equal | not sent | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Option - | 1 | Bi | equal | not sent | | |
| length | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Option - Flag | 1 | Bi | ignore | not sent | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Option - Valid | 1 | Bi | ignore | not sent | | |
| lifetime | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Option - | 1 | Bi | ignore | not sent | | |
| Preferred | | | | | | |
| lifetime | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Option - | 1 | Bi | equal | not sent | | |
| reserved | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Option - | 1 | Bi | ignore | not sent | | |
| prefix | | | | | | |
+----------------+----+----+--------+------------------+---+---------+
7. SCHC compression over Neighbor Solicitation
The Neighbor Solicitation packet header is composed by:
o Type: Type of message. Value: 0x87.
o Code: Always 0.
o Checksum: This field is composed by 2 Bytes where the values are
caculated as it is specified on RFC 4443 [RFC4443].
o Target Address: It contains the address to be resolved.
o Options: This field contains the MAC Address from the host.
For SCHC compression over Neighbor Solicitation, the MAC address and
the Target Address are the minimal fields for the transmision. If
the Target address has a Link-Local value, the last 8 Bytes of the
address are sent, otherwise, the full 16 Bytes are sent. The type
field can be represented in the SCHC rule.
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+------------+----+----+---------+------------------+---+------------+
| Field | FP | DI | Match | Comp Decomp | | Sent |
| | | | Opera. | Action | | [bits] |
+------------+----+----+---------+------------------+---+------------+
| Type | 1 | Bi | equal | not sent | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Code | 1 | Bi | equal | not sent | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Checksum | 1 | Bi | ignore | compute-checksum | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Target | 1 | Bi | match- | sent | | link-local |
| Address | | | mapping | | | [64] |
| | | | | | | global |
| | | | | | | [128] |
| | | | | | | |
| Option - | 1 | Bi | equal | not sent | | |
| type | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Option - | 1 | Bi | ignore | compute-length | | |
| length | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Option - | 1 | Bi | ignore | sent | | [48] |
| link-layer | | | | | | |
+------------+----+----+---------+------------------+---+------------+
8. SCHC compression over Neighbor Advertisement
A Neighbor Advertisement is composed by:
o Type: Type of message. Value: 0x88.
o Code: Is always 0.
o Checksum: This field is composed by 2 Bytes where the values are
caculated as it is specified on RFC 4443 [RFC4443].
o Flags: Describes first if the device sending the packet is a
router or a node, second if the packet is sent because it is a
neighbor search response and third, if the receiver has to rewrite
the host information.
o Target Address: If it is a reply of a Neighbor Solicitation
request, it contains the same Target address, otherwise it will
contain the address to be resolved.
o Options: If the packet source is a Multicast Neighbor Solicitation
reply, the MAC is sent, otherwise it is elided.
For the compression of SCHC in Neighbor Advertisement, the MAC
address is sent if it is a Multicast neighborhood request response.
If the Target address has a Link-Local value, the last 8 Bytes of the
address will be sent, otherwise, the full 16 Bytes will be
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transmitted. If the Flags field is known by the host, it can be
deleted. The Type field can be represented in the SCHC rule.
+------------+----+----+---------+------------------+---+------------+
| Field | FP | DI | Match | Comp Decomp | | Sent |
| | | | Opera. | Action | | [bits] |
+------------+----+----+---------+------------------+---+------------+
| Type | 1 | Bi | equal | not sent | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Code | 1 | Bi | equal | not sent | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Checksum | 1 | Bi | ignore | compute-checksum | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Flags | 1 | Bi | equal | not sent | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Target | 1 | Bi | match- | sent | | link-local |
| Address | | | mapping | | | [64] |
| | | | | | | global |
| | | | | | | [128] |
| | | | | | | |
| Option - | 1 | Bi | equal | not sent | | |
| type | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Option - | 1 | Bi | ignore | not sent | | |
| length | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Option - | 1 | Bi | ignore | not sent | | |
| link-layer | | | | | | |
+------------+----+----+---------+------------------+---+------------+
9. LoRa Gateway tables
(TODO)
10. Acknowledgments
This work is partially supported by 16STIC-08 STIC-AmSud PEACH
Research Project. We would also like to thank the Red Snapper
project for their support.
11. References
11.1. Normative References
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.
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11.2. Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMPv6) for the Internet
Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) Specification
[RFC4443] Conta, A., Deering, S., and M. Gupta, Ed., "Internet
Control Message Protocol (ICMPv6) for the Internet
Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) Specification", STD 89,
RFC 4443, DOI 10.17487/RFC4443, March 2006,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4443>.
11.3. Neighbor Discovery for IP version 6 (IPv6)
[RFC4861] Narten, T., Nordmark, E., Simpson, W., and H. Soliman,
"Neighbor Discovery for IP version 6 (IPv6)", RFC 4861,
DOI 10.17487/RFC4861, September 2007,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4861>.
11.4. LPWAN Static Context Header Compression (SCHC) and fragmentation
for IPv6 and UDP
[I-D.toutain-lpwan-ipv6-static-context-hc]
Minaburo, A. and L. Toutain, "LPWAN Static Context Header
Compression (SCHC) for IPv6 and UDP", draft-toutain-lpwan-
ipv6-static-context-hc-00 (work in progress), September
2016.
Authors' Addresses
Tomas Lagos (editor)
Universidad Diego Portales
Escuela de Informatica y Telecomunicaciones
Av. Ejercito 441
Santiago, Region Metropolitana
Chile
Phone: +56 (97) 697-6404
Email: tomas.lagos@mail.udp.cl
Diego Dujovne
Universidad Diego Portales
Escuela de Informatica y Telecomunicaciones
Av. Ejercito 441
Santiago, Region Metropolitana
Chile
Phone: +56 (2) 676-8121
Email: diego.dujovne@mail.udp.cl
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