Internet DRAFT - draft-kompella-nvo3-server2nve
draft-kompella-nvo3-server2nve
Network Working Group K. Kompella
Internet-Draft Y. Rekhter
Intended status: Informational Juniper Networks
Expires: October 31, 2013 T. Morin
France Telecom - Orange Labs
D. Black
EMC Corporation
April 29, 2013
Signaling Virtual Machine Activity to the Network Virtualization Edge
draft-kompella-nvo3-server2nve-02
Abstract
This document proposes a simplified approach for provisioning network
parameters related to Virtual Machine creation, migration and
termination on servers. The idea is to provision the server, then
have the server signal the requisite parameters to the relevant
network device(s). Such an approach reduces the workload on the
provisioning system and simplifies the data model that the
provisioning system needs to maintain. It is also more resilient to
topology changes in server-network connectivity, for example,
reconnecting a server to a different network port or switch.
Status of This Memo
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This Internet-Draft will expire on October 31, 2013.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2013 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.1. VM Creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2. VM Live Migration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.3. VM Termination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2. Acronyms Used . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3. Virtual Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.1. Current Mode of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.2. Future Mode of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4. Provisioning DCVPNs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
5. Signaling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
5.1. Preliminaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
5.2. VM Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
5.2.1. Network Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
5.2.2. Creating a VM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
5.2.3. Terminating a VM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
5.2.4. Migrating a VM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
5.3. Signaling Protocols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
6. Interfacing with DCVPN Control Planes . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
7. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
8. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
9. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
10. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
1. Introduction
To create a Virtual Machine (VM) on a server in a data center, one
must specify parameters for the compute, storage, network and
appliance aspects of the VM. At a minimum, this requires
provisioning the server that will host the VM, and the Network
Virtualization Edge (NVE) that will implement the virtual network for
the VM in addition to the VM's storage. Similar considerations apply
to live migration and terminating VMs. This document proposes
mechanisms whereby a server can be provisioned with all of the
parameters for the VM, and the server in turn signals the networking
aspects to the NVE. The NVE may be located on the server or in an
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external network switch that may be directly connected to the server
or accessed via an L2 (Ethernet) LAN or VLAN. The following sections
capture the abstract sequence of steps for VM creation, live
migration and deletion.
While much of the material in this draft may apply to virtual
entities other than virtual machines that exist on physical entities
other than servers, this draft is written in terms of virtual
machines and servers for clarity.
1.1. VM Creation
This section describes an abstract sequence of steps involved in
creating a VM and making it operational (the latter is also known as
"powering on" the VM). The following steps are intended as an
illustrative example, not as prescriptive text; the goal is to
capture sufficient detail to set a context for the signaling
described in Section 5.
Creating a VM requires:
1. gathering the compute, network, storage, and appliance parameters
required for the VM;
2. deciding which server, network, storage and network appliance
devices best match the VM requirements in the current state of
the data center;
3. provisioning the server with the VM parameters;
4. provisioning the network element(s) to which the server is
connected with the network-related parameters of the VM;
5. informing the network element(s) to which the server is connected
about the VM's peer VMs, storage devices and other network
appliances with which the VM needs to communicate;
6. informing the network element(s) to which a VM's peer VMs are
connected about the new VM and its addresses;
7. provisioning storage with the storage-related parameters; and
8. provisioning necessary network appliances (firewalls, load
balancers and "middle boxes").
Steps 1 and 2 are primarily information gathering. For Steps 3 to 8,
the provisioning system talks actively to servers, network switches,
storage and appliances, and must know the details of the physical
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server, network, storage and appliance connectivity topologies. Step
4 is typically done using just provisioning, whereas Steps 5 and 6
may be a combination of provisioning and other techniques that may
defer discovery of the relevant information. Steps 4 to 6 accomplish
the task of provisioning the network for a VM, the result of which is
a Data Center Virtual Private Network (DCVPN) overlaid on the
physical network.
While shown as a numbered sequence above, some of these steps may be
concurrent (e.g., server, storage and network provisioning for the
new VM may be done concurrently), and the two "informing" steps for
the network (5 and 6) may be partially or fully lazily evaluated
based on network traffic that the VM sends or receives after it
becomes operational.
This document focuses on the case where the network elements in Step
4 are not co-resident with the server, and describes how the
provisioning in Step 4 can be replaced by signaling between server
and network, using information from Step 3.
1.2. VM Live Migration
This subsection describes an abstract sequence of steps involved in
live migration of a VM. Live migration is sometimes referred to as
"hot" migration, in that from an external viewpoint, the VM appears
to continue to run while being migrated to another server (e.g., TCP
connections generally survive this class of migration). In contrast,
suspend/resume (or "cold") migration consists of suspending VM
execution on one server and resuming it on another. The following
live migration steps are intended as an illustrative example, not as
prescriptive text; the goal is to capture sufficient detail to
provide context for the signaling described in Section 5.
For simplicity, this set of abstract steps assumes shared storage, so
that the VM's storage is accessible to the source and destination
servers. Live migration of a VM requires:
1. deciding which server should be the destination of the migration
based on the VM's requirements, data center state and reason for
the migration;
2. provisioning the destination server with the VM parameters and
creating a VM to receive the live migration;
3. provisioning the network element(s) to which the destination
server is connected with the network-related parameters of the
VM;
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4. transferring the VM's memory image between the source and
destination servers;
5. actually moving the VM: pausing the VM's execution on the source
server, transferring the VM's execution state and any remaining
memory state to the destination server and continuing the VM's
execution on the destination server;
6. informing the network element(s) to which the destination server
is connected about the VM's peer VMs, storage devices and other
network appliances with which the VM needs to communicate;
7. informing the network element(s) to which a VM's peer VMs are
connected about the VM's new location;
8. activating the VM's network parameters at the destination
server;
9. deprovisioning the VM from the network element(s) to which the
source server is connected; and
10. deleting the VM from the source server.
Step 1 is primarily information gathering. For Steps 2, 3, 9 and 10,
the provisioning system talks actively to servers, network switches
and appliances, and must know the details of the physical server,
network and appliance connectivity topologies. Steps 4 and 5 are
usually handled directly by the servers involved. Steps 6 to 9 may
be handled by the servers (e.g., one or more "gratuitous" ARPs or
RARPs from the destination server may accomplish all four steps) or
other techniques. For steps 6 and 7, the other techniques may
involve discovery of the relevant information after the VM has been
migrated.
While shown as a numbered sequence above, some of these steps may be
concurrent (e.g., moving the VM and associated network changes), and
the two "informing" steps (6 and 7) may be partially or fully lazily
evaluated based on network traffic that the VM sends and/or receives
after it is migrated to the destination server.
This document focuses on the case where the network elements are not
co-resident with the server, and shows how the provisioning in Step 3
and the deprovisioning in Step 9 can be replaced by signaling between
server and network, using information from Step 3.
1.3. VM Termination
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This subsection describes an abstract sequence of steps involved in
termination of a VM, also referred to as "powering off" a VM. The
following termination steps are intended as an illustrative example,
not as prescriptive text; the goal is to capture sufficient detail to
set a context for the signaling described in Section 5.
Termination of a VM requires:
1. ensuring that the VM is no longer executing;
2. deprovisioning the VM from the network element(s) to which the
server is connected; and
3. deleting the VM from the server (the VM's image may remain on
storage for reuse).
Steps 1 and 3 are handled by the server, based on instructions from
the provisioning system. For Step 2, the provisioning system talks
actively to servers, network switches, storage and appliances, and
must know the details of the physical server, network, storage and
appliance connectivity topologies.
While shown as a numbered sequence above, some of these steps may be
concurrent (e.g., network deprovisioning and VM deletion).
This document focuses on the case where the network elements in Step
2 are not co-resident with the server, and shows how the
deprovisioning in Step 3 can be replaced by signaling between server
and network.
2. Acronyms Used
The following acronyms are used:
DCVPN: Data Center Virtual Private Network -- a virtual
connectivity topology overlaid on physical devices to provide
virtual devices with the connectivity they need and isolation from
other DCVPNs. This corresponds to the concept of a Virtual
Network Instance (VNI) in [I-D.ietf-nvo3-framework].
NVE: Network Virtualization Edge -- the entities that realize
private communication among VMs in a DCVPN
l-NVE: local NVE: wrt a VM, NVE elements to which it is
directly connected
r-NVE: remote NVE: wrt a VM, NVE elements to which the VM's
peer VMs are connected
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NVGRE: Network Virtualization using Generic Routing Encapsulation
VDP: VSI Discovery and Configuration Protocol
VID: 12-bit VLAN tag or identifier used locally between a server
and its l-NVE
VLAN: Virtual Local Area Network
VM: Virtual Machine (same as Virtual Station)
Peer VM: wrt a VM, other VMs in the VM's DCVPN
VNID: DCVPN Identifier
VSI: Virtual Station Interface
VXLAN: Virtual eXtensible Local Area Network
3. Virtual Networks
The goal of provisioning a network for VMs is to create an "isolation
domain" wherein a group of VMs can talk freely to each other, but
communication to and from VMs outside that group is restricted
(either prohibited, or mediated via a router, firewall or other
network gateway). Such an isolation domain, sometimes called a
Closed User Group, here will be called a Data Center Virtual Private
Network (DCVPN). The network elements on the outer border or edge of
the overlay portion of a Virtual Network are called Network
Virtualization Edges (NVEs).
A DCVPN is assigned a global "name" that identifies it in the
management plane; this name is unique in the scope of the data
center, but may be unique across several cooperating data centers. A
DCVPN is also assigned an identifier unique in the scope of the data
center, the Virtual Network Group ID (VNID). The VNID is a control
plane entity. A data plane tag is also needed to distinguish
different DCVPNs' traffic; more on this later.
For a given VM, the NVE can be classified into two parts: the network
elements to which the VM's server is directly connected (the local
NVE or l-NVE), and those to which peer VMs are connected (the remote
NVE or r-NVE). In some cases, the l-NVE is co-resident with the
server hosting the VM; in other cases, the l-NVE is separate
(distributed l-NVE). The latter case is the one of primary interest
in this document.
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A created VM is added to a DCVPN through Steps 4 to 6 in section
Section 1.1 which can be recast as follows. In Step 4, the l-NVE(s)
are informed about the VM's VNID, network addresses and policies, and
the l-NVE and server agree on how to distinguish traffic for
different DCVPNs from and to the server. In Step 5 the relevant
r-NVE elements and the addresses of their VMs are discovered, and in
Step 6, the r-NVE(s) are informed of the presence of the new VM and
obtain or discover its addresses; for both steps 5 and 6, the
discovery may be lazily evaluated so that it occurs after the VM
begins sending and receiving DCVPN traffic.
Once a DCVPN is created, the next steps for network provisioning are
to create and apply policies such as for QoS or access control.
These occur in three flavors: policies for all VMs in the group,
policies for individual VMs, and policies for communication across
DCVPN boundaries.
3.1. Current Mode of Operation
DCVPNs are often realized as Ethernet VLAN segments. A VLAN segment
satisfies the communication properties of a DCVPN. A VLAN also has
data plane mechanisms for discovering network elements (Layer 2
switches, aka bridges) and VM addresses. When a DCVPN is realized as
a VLAN, Step 4 in section Section 1.1 requires provisioning both the
server and l-NVE with the VLAN tag that identifies the DCVPN. Step 6
requires provisioning all involved network elements with the same
VLAN tag. Address learning is done by flooding, and the announcement
of a new VM or the new location of a migrated VM is often via a
"gratuitous" ARP or RARP.
While VLANs are familiar and well-understood, they have scaling
challenges because they are Layer 2 infrastructure. The number of
independent VLANs in a Layer 2 domain is limited by the 12-bit size
of the VLAN tag. In addition, data plane techniques (flooding and
broadcast) are another source of scaling concerns as the overall size
of the network grows.
3.2. Future Mode of Operation
There are multiple scalable realizations of DCVPNs that address the
isolation requirements of DCVPNs as well as the need for a scalable
substrate for DCVPNs and the need for scalable mechanisms for NVE and
VM address discovery. While describing these approaches beyond the
scope of this document, a secondary goal of this document is to show
how the signaling that replaces Step 4 in section Section 1.1 can
seamlessly interact with realizations of DCVPNs.
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VLAN tags (VIDs) will be used as the data plane tag to distinguish
traffic for different DCVPNs' between a server and its l-NVE. Note
that, as used here, VIDs only have local significance between server
and NVE, and should not be confused with data-center-wide usage of
VLANs. If VLAN tags are used for traffic between NVEs, that tag
usage depends on the encapsulation mechanism among the NVEs and is
orthogonal to VLAN tag usage between servers and l-NVEs.
4. Provisioning DCVPNs
For VM creation as described in section Section 1.1, Step 3
provisions the server; Steps 4 and 5 provision the l-NVE elements;
Step 6 provisions the r-NVE elements.
In some cases, the l-NVE is located within the server (e.g., a
software-implemented switch within a hypervisor); in this case, Steps
3 and 4 are "single-touch" in that the provisioning system need only
talk to the server, as both compute and network parameters are
applied by the server. However, in other cases, the l-NVE is
separate from the server, requiring that the provisioning system talk
to both the server and l-NVE. This scenario, which we call
"distributed local NVE", is the one considered in this document.
This draft's goal is to describe how "single-touch" provisioning can
be achieved in the distributed l-NVE case.
The overall approach is to provision the server, and have the server
signal the requisite parameters to the l-NVE. This approach reduces
the workload on the provisioning system, allowing it to scale both in
the number of elements it can manage, as well as the rate at which it
can process changes. It also simplifies the data model of the
network that is used by the provisioning system, because a complete,
up-to-date map of server to network connectivity is not required.
This approach is also more resilient to server-network connectivity/
topology changes that have not yet been transmitted to the
provisioning system. For example, if a server is reconnected to a
different port or a different l-NVE to recover from a malfunctioning
port, the server can contact the new l-NVE over the new port without
the provisioning system needing to immediately be aware of the
change.
While this draft focuses on provisioning networking parameters via
signaling, extensions may address the provisioning of storage and
network appliance parameters in a similar fashion.
5. Signaling
5.1. Preliminaries
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This draft considers three common VM operations in a virtualized data
center: creating a VM; migrating a VM from one physical server to
another; and terminating a VM. Creating a VM requires "associating"
it with its DCVPN and "activating" that association; decommissioning
a VM requires "dissociating" the VM from its DCVPN. Moving a VM
consists of associating it with its DCVPN in its new location,
activating that association, and dissociating the VM from its old
location.
5.2. VM Operations
5.2.1. Network Parameters
For each VM association or dissociation operation, a subset of the
following information is needed from server to l-NVE:
operation: one of associate or dissociate.
authentication: proof that this operation was authorized by the
provisioning system
VNID: identifier of DCVPN to which VM belongs
VID: tag to use between server and l-NVE to distinguish DCVPN
traffic; the value zero in an associate operation is a request
that the l-NVE to assign an unused VID. This approach provides
extensibility by allowing the VID to be a VLAN-id, although other
local means of multiplexing traffic between the server and the NVE
could be used instead of VIDs.
encapsulation type: type of encapsulation used by the DCVPN for
traffic exchanged between NVEs (see below).
network addresses: network addresses for VM on the server (e.g.,
MACs)
policy: VM-specific and/or network-address-specific network
policies, such as access control lists and/or QoS policies
hold time: time (in milliseconds) to keep a VM's addresses after it
migrates away from this l-NVE. This is usually set to zero when a
VM is terminated.
per-address-VID-allocation: boolean flag which can optionally be set
to "yes", resulting in the VID allocated to the this address being
distinct from the VID allocated to other addresses (for the same
VM or other VMs) connected to the same DCVPN on a same NVE port;
this behavior will result in traffic always transiting through the
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NVE, even to/from other addresses for the same DCVPN on the same
server.
The "activate" operation is a dataplane operations that references a
previously established association via the address and VID; all other
parameters are obtained at the NVE by mapping the source address, VID
and port involved to obtain information established by a prior
associate operation.
Realizations of DCVPNs include, E-VPNs ([I-D.ietf-l2vpn-evpn]), IP
VPNs ([RFC4364]), NVGRE ([I-D.sridharan-virtualization-nvgre], VPLS
([RFC4761], [RFC4762]), and VXLAN
([I-D.mahalingam-dutt-dcops-vxlan]). The encapsulation type
determines whether forwarding at the NVE for the DCVPN is based on
Layer 2 or Layer 3 service.
Typically, for the associate messages, all of the above information
except hold time would be needed. Similarly, for the dissociate
message, all of the above information except VID and encapsulation
type would typically be needed.
These operations are stateful in that their results remain in place
until superseded by another operation. For example, on receiving an
associate message, an NVE is expected to create and maintain the
DCVPN information for the addresses until the NVE receives a
dissociate message to remove that information. A separate liveness
protocol may be run between server and NVE to let each side know that
the other is still operational; if the liveness protocol fails, each
side may remove state installed in response to messages from the
other.
The descriptions below generally assume that the NVEs participate in
a mechanism for control plane distribution of VM addresses, as
opposed to doing this in the data plane. If this is not the case,
NVE elements can lazily evaluate (via data plane discovery) the parts
of the procedures below that involve address distribution.
As VIDs are local to server-NVE communication, in fact to a specific
port connecting these two elements, a mapping table containing
4-tuples of the following form will prove useful to the NVE:
<VID, port, VNID, VM network address>
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The valid VID values are from 1 to 4094, inclusive. A value of 0 is
used to mean "unassigned". When a VID can be shared by more than one
VM, it is necessary to reference-count entries in this table; the
list of addresses in an entry serves this purpose. Entries in this
table have multiple uses:
o Finding the VNID for a VID and port for association, activation
and traffic forwarding;
o Determining whether a VID exists (has already been assigned) for a
VNID and port.
o Determining which <VID, port> pairs to use for forwarding traffic
that requires flooding on the DCVPN.
For simplicity and clarity, this draft assumes that the network
interfaces in VMs (vNICs) do not use VLAN tags.
5.2.2. Creating a VM
When a VM is instantiated on a server (powered on, e.g., after
creation), each of the VM's interfaces is assigned a VNID, one or
more network addresses and an encapsulation type for the DCVPN. The
VM addresses may be any of IPv4, IPv6 and MAC addresses. There may
also be network policies specific to the VM or its interfaces. To
connect the VM to its DCVPN, the server signals these parameters to
the l-NVE via an "associate" operation followed by an "activate"
operation to put the parameters into use. (Note that the l-NVE may
consist of more than one device.)
On receiving an associate message on port P from server S, an NVE
device does the following for each network address in that message:
A.1: Validate the authentication (if present). If not, inform the
provisioning system, log the error, and stop processing the
associate message. This validation may include authorization
checks.
A.2: Check the per-address-VID-allocation flag in the associate
message:
* if this flag is not set:
+ Check if the VID in the associate message is zero (i.e., the
associate message requests VID allocation); if so, look up
the VID for <VNID, port, network address> ; if there is no
current VID for that tuple, allocate a new VID
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+ If the VID in the associate message is non-zero, look up the
VID for <VNID, port>. If that lookup results in the same
VID as the one in the associate message, associate that VID
with <VNID, network address>. If the lookup indicates that
there is no current VID for that tuple, associate the VID in
the associate message with <VNID, port, network address>.
Otherwise, the VID in the associate message does not match
the VID that is currently in use for <VNID, port>, so
respond to S with an error, and stop processing the
associate message.
* if this flag is set, check if the VID in the associate message
is zero :
+ if so, this is an allocation request, so allocate a new VID,
distinct from other VIDs allocated on this port;
+ if the VID is non-zero, check that the provided VID is
distinct from other VIDs allocated on this port; if so,
associate the VID with <VNID, port, network address>. If
not, the provided VID is already in used and hence cannot be
dedicated to this network address, so respond to S with an
error, and stop processing the associate message.
A.3: Add the <VID, port, VNID, network address> entry to the NVE's
mapping table. This table entry includes information about the
DCVPN encapsulation type for the VNID.
A.4: Communicate with the control plane to advertise the network
address, and (if the VNID is new to the NVE) also to get other
network addresses in the DCVPN. Populate the NVE's mapping table
with all of these network addresses (some control planes may not
provide all or even any of the other addresses in the DCVPN at
this point).
A.5: Finally, respond to S with the VID for <VNID, port, network
address>, and indicate that the operation was successful.
After a successful associate, the network has been provisioned (at
least in the local NVE) for traffic, but forwarding has not been
enabled. On receiving an activate message on port P from server S,
an NVE device does the following (activate is a one-way message that
does not have a response):
B.1: Validate the authentication (if present). If not, inform the
provisioning system, log the error, and stop processing the
associate message. This validation may include authorization
checks. The authentication and authorization may be implicit when
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the activate message is a dataplane frame (e.g., a "gratuitous"
ARP or RARP).
B.2: Check if the VID in the activate message is zero. If so, log
the error, and stop processing the activate message.
B.3: Use the VID and port P to look up the VNID from a previous
associate message. If there is no mapping table state for that
VID and port, log the error and stop processing the activate
message.
B.4: If forwarding is not enabled for <VID, port, network address>
activate it, mapping VID -> VNID on this port (P) for traffic sent
to and received from r-NVEs.
B.5: If the activate message is a dataplane frame that requires
forwarding beyond the NVE, (e.g., a "gratuitous" ARP or RARP), use
the activated forwarding to send the frame onward via the virtual
network identified by the VNID.
5.2.3. Terminating a VM
On receiving a request from the provisioning system to terminate
execution of a VM (powering off the VM, whether or not the VM's image
is retained on storage), the server sends a dissociate message to the
l-NVE with the hold time set to zero. The dissociate message
contains the operation, authentication, VNID, encapsulation type, and
VM addresses. On receiving the dissociate message on port P from
server S, each NVE device L does the following:
D.1: Validate the authentication (if present). If not, inform the
provisioning system, log the error, and stop processing the
associate message.
D.2: Communicate with the control plane to withdraw the VM's
addresses. If the hold time is as non-zero, wait until the hold
time expires before proceeding to the next step.
D.3: Delete the VM's addresses from the mapping table and delete any
VM-specific network policies associated with any of the VM
addresses. If a mapping tuple contains no VM addresses as a
result delete that tuple. If the mapping table contains no
entries for the VNID involved after deleting the tuple, optionally
delete any network policies for the VNID.
D.4: Respond to S saying that the operation was successful.
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At step D.2, the control plane is responsible for not disrupting
network operation if the addresses are in use at another l-NVE.
Also, l-NVEs cannot rely on receiving dissociate messages for all
terminated VMs, as a server crash may implicitly terminate a VM
before a dissociate message can be sent.
5.2.4. Migrating a VM
Consider a VM that is being migrated from server S (connected to
l-NVE device L) to server S' (connected to l-NVE device L'). This
section assumes shared storage, so that both S and S' have access to
the VM's storage. The sequence of steps for a successful VM
migration is:
M.1: S' gets a request to prepare to receive a copy of the VM from
S.
M.2: S gets a request to copy the VM to S'.
M.3: The copy of the VM (memory, configuration state, etc.) occurs
while the VM continues to execute.
M.4: When that copy has made sufficient progress, S pauses the VM,
and completes the copy, including the VM's execution state.
M.5: S' gets a request to resume the paused VM.
M.6: After that resume has succeeded, S then proceeds to terminate
the paused VM on S, see section Section 5.2.3, but this operation
may specify a non-zero hold time during which traffic received may
be forwarded to the VM's new location.
Steps M.1 and M.2 initiate the copy of the VM. During step M.3, S'
sends an "associate" message to L' for each of the VM's network
addresses (S' receives information about these addresses as part of
the VM copy). Step M.4 occurs when the VM copy has made sufficient
progress that the pause required to transfer the VM's execution from
S to S' is sufficiently short. At step M.4, or M.5 at the latest, S'
sends an "activate" message to L' for each of the VM's interfaces.
At Step M.6, S sends a "dissociate" message to L for each of the VM's
network addresses, optionally with a non-zero hold time.
From the DCVPN's view, there are two important overlaps in the
apparent network location of the VM's addresses:
o The VM's addresses are associated with both L and L' between steps
M.3 and M.6.
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o The VM's addresses are activated at L' during step M.4 or step M.5
at the latest (e.g., if activate is a dataplane operation based on
traffic sent at that step); both of these typically occur before
these addresses are dissociated at L during step M.6
The DCVPN control plane must work correctly in the presence of these
overlaps, and in particular must not:
o Fail to activate the VM's network addresses at L' because they
have not yet been withdrawn at L, or
o Disruptively withdraw the VM's network addresses from use at step
M.6 of a migration when the VM continues to execute on a different
server.
An additional scenario that is important for migration is that the
source and destination servers, S and S', may share a common l-NVE,
i.e., L and L' are the same. In this scenario there is no need for
remote interaction of that l-NVE with other NVEs, but that NVE must
be aware of the possibility of a new association of the VM's
addresses with a different port and the need to promptly activate
them on that port even though they have not (yet) been dissociated
from their original port.
5.3. Signaling Protocols
There are multiple protocols that can be used to signal the above
messages. One could invent a new protocol for this purpose, or reuse
existing protocols, among them LLDP, XMPP, HTTP REST, and VDP [VDP],
a new protocol standardized for the purposes of signaling a VM's
network parameters from server to l-NVE. Multiple factors influence
the choice of protocol(s); this draft's focus is on what needs to be
signaled, leaving choices of how the information is signaled, and
specific encodings for other drafts to consider.
6. Interfacing with DCVPN Control Planes
The control plane for a DCVPN manages the creation/deletion,
membership and span of the DCVPN ([I-D.ietf-nvo3-overlay-problem-
statement],[I-D.kreeger-nvo3-overlay-cp]). Such a control plane
needs to work with the server-to-nve signaling in a coordinated
manner, to ensure that address changes at a local NVE are reflected
appropriately in remote NVEs. The details of such coordination are
specified in separate documents.
7. Security Considerations
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8. IANA Considerations
9. Acknowledgments
Many thanks to Amit Shukla for his help with the details of EVB and
his insight into data center issues. Many thanks to members of the
nvo3 WG for their comments, including Yingjie Gu.
10. Informative References
[I-D.ietf-l2vpn-evpn]
Sajassi, A., Aggarwal, R., Henderickx, W., Balus, F.,
Isaac, A., and J. Uttaro, "BGP MPLS Based Ethernet VPN",
draft-ietf-l2vpn-evpn-03 (work in progress), February
2013.
[I-D.ietf-nvo3-framework]
Lasserre, M., Balus, F., Morin, T., Bitar, N., and Y.
Rekhter, "Framework for DC Network Virtualization", draft-
ietf-nvo3-framework-02 (work in progress), February 2013.
[I-D.ietf-nvo3-overlay-problem-statement]
Narten, T., Gray, E., Black, D., Dutt, D., Fang, L.,
Kreeger, L., Napierala, M., and M. Sridharan, "Problem
Statement: Overlays for Network Virtualization", draft-
ietf-nvo3-overlay-problem-statement-02 (work in progress),
February 2013.
[I-D.kreeger-nvo3-overlay-cp]
Kreeger, L., Dutt, D., Narten, T., and M. Sridharan,
"Network Virtualization Overlay Control Protocol
Requirements", draft-kreeger-nvo3-overlay-cp-02 (work in
progress), October 2012.
[I-D.mahalingam-dutt-dcops-vxlan]
Mahalingam, M., Dutt, D., Duda, K., Agarwal, P., Kreeger,
L., Sridhar, T., Bursell, M., and C. Wright, "VXLAN: A
Framework for Overlaying Virtualized Layer 2 Networks over
Layer 3 Networks", draft-mahalingam-dutt-dcops-vxlan-03
(work in progress), February 2013.
[I-D.sridharan-virtualization-nvgre]
Sridharan, M., Greenberg, A., Venkataramaiah, N., Wang,
Y., Duda, K., Ganga, I., Lin, G., Pearson, M., Thaler, P.,
and C. Tumuluri, "NVGRE: Network Virtualization using
Generic Routing Encapsulation", draft-sridharan-
virtualization-nvgre-02 (work in progress), February 2013.
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[RFC4364] Rosen, E. and Y. Rekhter, "BGP/MPLS IP Virtual Private
Networks (VPNs)", RFC 4364, February 2006.
[RFC4761] Kompella, K. and Y. Rekhter, "Virtual Private LAN Service
(VPLS) Using BGP for Auto-Discovery and Signaling", RFC
4761, January 2007.
[RFC4762] Lasserre, M. and V. Kompella, "Virtual Private LAN Service
(VPLS) Using Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) Signaling",
RFC 4762, January 2007.
[VDP] IEEE, "Edge Virtual Bridging (IEEE Std 802.1Qbg-2012)",
July 2012.
Authors' Addresses
Kireeti Kompella
Juniper Networks
1194 N. Mathilda Ave.
Sunnyvale, CA 94089
US
Email: kireeti@juniper.net
Yakov Rekhter
Juniper Networks
1194 N. Mathilda Ave.
Sunnyvale, CA 94089
US
Email: yakov@juniper.net
Thomas Morin
France Telecom - Orange Labs
2, avenue Pierre Marzin
Lannion 22307
France
Email: thomas.morin@orange.com
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David L. Black
EMC Corporation
176 South St.
Hopkinton, MA 01748
Email: david.black@emc.com
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