Internet DRAFT - draft-kaliraj-idr-multinexthop-attribute
draft-kaliraj-idr-multinexthop-attribute
Network Working Group K. Vairavakkalai, Ed.
Internet-Draft M. Jeyananth
Intended status: Standards Track Juniper Networks, Inc.
Expires: 9 May 2023 G. Mishra
Verizon Communications Inc.
5 November 2022
BGP MultiNexthop Attribute
draft-kaliraj-idr-multinexthop-attribute-04
Abstract
Today, a BGP speaker can advertise one nexthop for a set of NLRIs in
an Update. This nexthop can be encoded in either the BGP-Nexthop
attribute (code 3), or inside the MP_REACH_NLRI attribute (code 14).
For cases where multiple nexthops need to be advertised, BGP-Addpath
is used. Though Addpath allows basic ability to advertise multiple-
nexthops, it does not allow the sender to specify desired
relationship between the multiple nexthops being advertised e.g.,
relative-preference, type of load-balancing. These are local
decisions at the receiving speaker based on local configuration and
path-selection between the various additional-paths, which may tie-
break on some arbitrary step like Router-Id or BGP nexthop address.
Some scenarios with a BGP-free core may benefit from having a
mechanism, where egress-node can signal multiple-nexthops along with
their relationship, in one BGP route, to ingress nodes. This
document defines a new BGP attribute "MultiNexthop (MNH)" that can be
used for this purpose.
This attribute can be used for both labeled and unlabled BGP
families. The MNH can be used to advertise MPLS label along with
nexthop for unlabeled families (e.g. Inet Unicast, Inet6 Unicast).
Such that, mechanisms at the transport layer can work uniformly on
labeled and unlabled BGP families. Service route scale can be
confined closer to the service edge nodes, making the transport layer
nodes light and nimble. They dont have any service route state, only
have service end-point state.
The MNH plays different role in "downstream allocation" scenario than
"upstream allocation" scenario. E.g. for [RFC8277] families that
advertise downstream allocated labels, the MNH can play the "Label
Descriptor" role, describing the forwarding semantics of the label
being advertised. This can be useful in network visualization and
controller based traffic engineering (e.g. EPE).
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Requirements Language
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].
Status of This Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute
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Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
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material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
This Internet-Draft will expire on 9 May 2023.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2022 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/
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Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3. Use-cases examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.1. Signaling optimal forwarding exit-points to
ingress-node . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.2. Choosing a received label based on it's forwarding-semantic
at advertising node . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.3. Signaling desired forwarding behavior when installing MPLS
Upstream labels at receiving node . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
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3.4. Load-balancing over EBGP parallel links . . . . . . . . . 5
3.5. Flowspec routes with multiple Redirect-IP nexthops . . . 6
3.6. Color-Only resolution nexthop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.7. Use of Local Preference within Cooperating AS domains . . 7
3.8. Avoid label advertisement oscillation between multihomed
PEs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4. Protocol Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4.1. BGP Capability for MNH attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4.2. Scope of use, and propagation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4.3. Interaction of MNH with Nexthop (in attr-code 3, 14) . . 8
4.4. Interaction with Addpath . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.5. Path-selection considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.5.1. Determining IGP cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.5.2. DOMAIN_LOCAL_PREF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.6. Denoting upstream/downstream semantics . . . . . . . . . 10
5. The "MultiNexthop (MNH)" BGP attribute encoding . . . . . . . 10
5.1. Propagation Scope checker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
5.2. MNH TLV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
5.2.1. Upstream signaled Primary forwarding path. . . . . . 16
5.2.2. Upstream signaled Backup forwarding path. . . . . . . 16
5.2.3. Domain Local Preference (DOMAIN_LOCAL_PREF) . . . . . 17
5.2.4. Downstream signaled Label Descriptor. . . . . . . . . 18
5.3. Nexthop Forwarding Information TLV . . . . . . . . . . . 19
5.4. Forwarding Instruction TLV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
5.5. Forwarding Argument TLV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
5.5.1. Endpoint Identifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
5.5.2. Path Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
5.5.3. Payload encapsulation info signaling . . . . . . . . 30
5.5.4. Endpoint attributes advertisement . . . . . . . . . . 34
6. Error handling procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
7. Scaling considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
8. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
8.1. BGP Path Attribute Code: MULTI_NEXT_HOP . . . . . . . . . 37
8.2. BGP Capability Code: MULTI_NEXT_HOP . . . . . . . . . . . 37
8.3. Registries for MULTI_NEXT_HOP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
9. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
10. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
11. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
11.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
11.2. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
1. Introduction
Today, a BGP speaker can advertise one nexthop for a set of NLRIs in
an Update. This nexthop can be encoded in either the top-level BGP-
Nexthop attribute (code 3), or inside the MP_REACH_NLRI attribute
(code 14).
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For cases where multiple nexthops need to be advertised, BGP-Addpath
is used. Though Addpath allows basic ability to advertise multiple-
nexthops, it does not allow the sender to specify desired
relationship between the multiple nexthops being advertised e.g.,
relative-ordering, type of load-balancing, fast-reroute. These are
local decision at the receiving node based on local configuration and
path-selection between the various additional-paths, which may tie-
break on some arbitrary step like Router-Id or BGP nexthop address.
Some scenarios with a BGP-free core may benefit from having a
mechanism, where egress-node can signal multiple-nexthops along with
their relationship to ingress nodes. This document defines a new BGP
attribute "MultiNexthop (MNH)" that can be used for this purpose.
This attribute can be used for both labeled and unlabled BGP
families. The MNH can be used to advertise MPLS label along with
nexthop for unlabeled families (e.g. Inet Unicast, Inet6 Unicast).
Such that, mechanisms at the transport layer can work uniformly on
labeled and unlabled BGP families. Service route scale can be
confined closer to the service edge nodes, making the transport layer
nodes light and nimble. They dont have any service route state, only
have service end-point state.
The MNH plays different role in "downstream allocation" scenario than
"upstream allocation" scenario. E.g. for [RFC8277] families that
advertise downstream allocated labels, the MNH can play the "Label
Descriptor" role, describing the forwarding semantics of the label
being advertised. This can be useful in network visualization and
controller based traffic engineering (e.g. EPE).
A new BGP capability ([RFC3392]) called "MultiNexthop (MNH" is
defined with type code: IANA TBD. This capability is used to express
the ability to send and receive MNH attribute.
2. Terminology
PNH address: Protocol Nexthop address carried in a BGP Update
message.
MULTI_NEXT_HOP (aka MNH): BGP MultiNexthop attribute. The new
attribute defined by this document.
MNH TLV: MultiNexthop TLV contained in a MNH attribute.
NFI TLV: Nexthop Forwarding Information TLV, contained in a MNH TLV.
FI TLV: Forwarding Instruction TLV, contained in a NFI TLV.
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FA TLV: Forwarding Argument TLV, contained in a FI TLV.
3. Use-cases examples
3.1. Signaling optimal forwarding exit-points to ingress-node
In a BGP free core, one can dynamically signal to the ingress-node,
how traffic should be load-balanced towards a set of exit-nodes, in
one BGP-route containing this attribute.
Example, for prefix1, perform equal cost load-balancing towards exit-
nodes A, B; where-as for prefix2, perform unequal-cost load-balancing
(40%, 30%, 30%) towards exit-nodes A, B, C.
Example, for prefix1, use PE1 as primary-nexthop and use PE2 as a
backup-nexthop.
3.2. Choosing a received label based on it's forwarding-semantic at
advertising node
In Downstream label allocation case, the MNH plays role of "Label
descriptor" and describes the forwarding treatment given to the label
at the advertising speaker. The receiving speaker can benefit from
this information as in the following examples:
- For a Prefix, a label with FRR enabled nexthop-set can be preferred
to another label with a nexthop-set that doesn't provide FRR.
- For a Prefix, a label pointing to 10g nexthop can be preferred to
another label pointing to a 1g nexthop
- Set of labels advertised can be aggregated, if they have same
forwarding semantics (e.g. VPN per-prefix-label case)
3.3. Signaling desired forwarding behavior when installing MPLS
Upstream labels at receiving node
In Upstream label allocation case, the receiving speaker's
forwarding-state can be controlled by the advertising speaker, thus
enabling a standardized API to program desired MPLS forwarding-state
at the receiving node. This is described in the [MPLS-NAMESPACES]
3.4. Load-balancing over EBGP parallel links
Consider N parallel links between two EBGP speakers. There are
different models possible to do load balancing over these links:
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N single-hop EBGP sessions over the N links. Interface addresses
are used as next-hops. N copies of the RIB are exchanged to form
N-way ECMP paths. The routes advertised on the N sessions can be
attached with Link bandwidth comunity to perform weighted ECMP.
1 multi-hop EBGP session between loopback addresses, reachable via
static route over the N links. Loopback addresses are used as
next-hops. 1 copy of the RIB is exchanged with loopback address as
nexthop. And a static route can be configured to the loopback
address to perform desired N-way ECMP path. M loopbacks are
configured in this model, to achieve M different load balancing
schemes: ECMP, weighted ECMP, Fast-reroute enabled paths etc.
1 multi-hop EBGP session between loopback addresses, reachable via
static route over the N links. Interface addresses are used as
next-hops, without using additional loopbacks. 1 copy of the RIB
is exchanged with MNH attribute to form N-way ECMP paths, weighted
ECMP, Fast-reroute backup paths etc. BFD may be used to these
directly connected BGP nexthops to detect liveness.
3.5. Flowspec routes with multiple Redirect-IP nexthops
There are existing protocol machinery which can benefit from the
ability of MNH to clearly specify fallback behavior when multiple
nexthops are involved. One example is the scenario described in
[FLWSPC-REDIR-IP] where multiple Redirect-to-IP nexthop addresses
exist for a Flowspec prefix. In such a scenario, the receiving
speakers may redirect the traffic to different nexthops, based on
variables like IGP-cost. If instead, the MNH was used to specify the
redirect-to-IP nexthop, then the order of preference between the
different nexthops can be clearly specified using one flowspec route
carrying a MNH containing those different nexthop-addresses
specifying the desired preference-order. Such that, irrespective of
IGP-cost, the receiving speakers will redirect the flow towards the
same traffic collector device.
3.6. Color-Only resolution nexthop
Another existing protocol machinery that manufactures nexthop
addresses from overloaded extended color community is specified in
[SRTE-COLOR-ONLY]. In a way, the color field is overloaded to carry
one anycast BGP next-hop with pre-specified fallback options. This
approach gives us only two next-hops to play with. The 'BGP nexthop
address' and the 'Color-only nexthop'
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Instead, the MNH could be used to achieve the same result with more
flexibility. Multiple BGP nexthops can be carried, each resolving
over a desired Transport class (Color), and with customizable
fallback order. And the solution will work for non-SRTE networks as-
well.
3.7. Use of Local Preference within Cooperating AS domains
LOCAL_PREF defined in [RFC4271] is "AS Local" in scope, not allowed
to propagate across EBGP boundaries. Only allowed to be sent over
IBGP and Confed-EBGP sessions.
In some deployments where multiple AS are part of single
administrative control (Inter-AS option C), it is desirable to use a
similar construct across EBGP boundaries but still confining
propagation within the Inter-AS option C administrative domain. The
MNH attempts to solve this problem by introducing "Domain Local
Preference (DOMAIN_LOCAL_PREF)".
3.8. Avoid label advertisement oscillation between multihomed PEs.
In a MPLS network, a router may be multihomed to two PEs. The PEs
may re-advertise routes received from the router to the IBGP core
with self as nexthop and a "per nexthop" label. The PEs may also
protect failure of primary path to the router by using the IBGP path
via the other multihomed PE as a backup path.
In this scenario, label allocation oscillation may occur when one PE
advertises a new label to the other PE. Reception of a new label
results in change of nexthop, as the label is used as back nexthop
leg, and per-nexthop label allocation is in use. Thus a new label is
allocated and advertised. And when this new label is received by the
first PE, it allocates a new label in turn. This process repeats.
This oscillation can be stopped only if the primary path label
allocated by a PE does not depend on the primary path label
advertised by other PE. A PE needs to be able to advertise multiple
labels, one for use as primary path and another to be used as bacakup
path by the receiver.
MNH attribute allows to advertise a Backup forwarding path label in
addition to Primary forwarding path label. Section 5.2.2.
4. Protocol Operations
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4.1. BGP Capability for MNH attribute
A new BGP capability [RFC3392] called "BGP MultiNexthop Attribute
(MULTI_NEXT_HOP)" is defined with type code: IANA TBD. The MNH
attribute MUST NOT be sent to a BGP speaker that has not advertise
the MNH capability. A BGP speaker MUST ignore the MNH attribute
received from a peer which has not advertised the MNH capability.
4.2. Scope of use, and propagation
The MNH attribute is intended to be used in a BGP free core, between
egress and ingress BGP speakers that understand this attribute.
Also, it is required to avoid un-intentionally leaking it to other AS
on an EBGP session, via a BGP speaker that does not understand MNH
attribute.
To achieve this, the attribute is defined as "optional non-
transitive", and uses a new BGP capability. If a MNH-attribute is
received by a PE BGP-speaker that does not understand it, the
optional non-transitive nature avoids unintentionally propagating it
towards EBGP-peers.
This also means that a RR needs to be upgraded to support this
attribute before any PEs in the network can make use of it. When a
RR receives the MNH-attribute from a client that supports the
attribute, it propagates the attribute as-is when reflecting the
route with nexthop unchanged.
When a BGP speaker receives the MNH-attribute from another speaker
that did not advertise support of the attribute, the attribute is
ignored.
The MNH attribute capability provides additonaly protection against
receiving this attribute from EBGP peers, when not intended.
Further, the MNH attribute contains a 'Propagation Scope Checker'
that enables propagating it across EBGP boundaries to AS that are
under the same administrative control, but prohibits advertisement to
an AS outside this administrative control
4.3. Interaction of MNH with Nexthop (in attr-code 3, 14)
When adding a MultiNexthop attribute to an advertised BGP route, the
speaker MUST put the same next-hop address in the Advertising PNH
field as it put in the Nexthop field inside NEXT_HOP attribute or
MP_REACH_NLRI attribute.
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A speaker that recognizes the MNH attribute and does not change the
PNH while re-advertising the route, e.g. a Route Reflector MUST
propagate the MultiNexthop attribute in the re-advertisement,
satisfying the constraints in 'Propagation Scope Checker'.
A speaker that recognizes this attribute and changes the PNH while
re-advertising the route MUST remove the MultiNexthop attribute in
the re-advertisement. The speaker MAY however add a new MultiNexthop
attribute to the re-advertisement; while doing so the speaker MUST
record in the "Advertising-PNH" field the same next-hop address as
used in NEXT_HOP field or MP_REACH_NLRI attribute.
A speaker receiving a MNH attribute SHOULD ignore it if the next-hop
address contained in Advertising-PNH field is not the same as the
next-hop address contained in NEXT_HOP field or MP_REACH_NLRI field.
In case of [RFC2545], the global (non link-local) IPv6 address should
be used for this purpose.
4.4. Interaction with Addpath
[ADDPATH-GUIDELINES] suggests the following:
"Diverse path: A BGP path associated with a different BGP next-hop
and BGP router than some other set of paths. The BGP router
associated with a path is inferred from the ORIGINATOR_ID attribute
or, if there is none, the BGP Identifier of the peer that advertised
the path."
When selecting "diverse paths" for ADD_PATH as specified above, the
MNH attribute should also be compared if it exists, to determine if
two routes have "different BGP next-hop".
4.5. Path-selection considerations
4.5.1. Determining IGP cost
While tie breaking in the path-selection as described in [RFC4271],
9.1.2.2. step (e) viz. the "IGP cost to nexthop", consider the
highest cost among the nexthop-legs present in this attribute.
The IGP cost thus calculated is also used when constructing AIGP TLV
([RFC7311])
4.5.2. DOMAIN_LOCAL_PREF
DOMAIN_LOCAL_PREF is defined in section 5.2.3
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When LOCAL_PREF is not available on a route, the DOMAIN_LOCAL_PREF if
present is used to tie-break in same position in the path selection.
Procedures described in this document ensure that advertisement of
DOMAIN_LOCAL_PREF is confined within cooperating AS domains (Inter AS
option C) that are under single administrative control.
4.6. Denoting upstream/downstream semantics
MultiNexthop attribute may describe to a receiving speaker what the
forwarding semantics of an Upstream-allocated label should be. This
can be used with either labeled or unlabled BGP families.
A MultiNexthop attribute may also play "Downstream signaled Label
Descriptor" role. A BGP speaker advertising a route carrying
downstream allocated MPLS label MAY add this attribute to the BGP
route, to "describe" to the receiving speaker what the label's
forwarding semantics is at the Egress node.
Today semantics of a downstream-allocated label is known only to the
egress node advertising the label. The speaker receiving the label-
binding doesn't know what the label's forwarding semantic at the
advertiser is. In some environments, it may be useful to convey this
information to the receiving speaker. This may help in better
debugging and manageability, or enable the receiving speaker, which
could also be some centralized controller, make better decisions
about which label to use, based on the label's forwarding-semantic.
While doing upstream-label allocation, this attribute can be used to
convey the forwarding-semantics at the receiving node should be.
Details of the BGP protocol extensions required for signaling
upstream-label allocation are out of scope of this document, and are
described in [MPLS-NAMESPACES].
In rest of this document, the use of term "Label" will mean
downstream allocated label, unless specified otherwise as upstream-
allocated label.
When using the MultiNexthop attribute for IP-routes, the Upstream
role is used. Since IP prefixes are by nature upstream allocated,
global scope.
5. The "MultiNexthop (MNH)" BGP attribute encoding
"MultiNexthop (MNH)" is a new BGP optional non-transitive attribute
(code TBD), that can be used to convey one or more nexthops to a BGP-
speaker. This attribute describes forwarding instructions using TLVs
described in this document.
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This section describes the organization and encoding of the MNH
attribute.
MNH Attribute: {
Propagation Scope Checker,
Num[MNH TLV]
}
MNH TLV: {
{ Nexthop Forwarding Information TLV }
}
Nexthop Forwarding Information TLV: {
Num[Forwarding Instruction TLV]
}
Forwarding Instruction TLV: {
{FwdAction, Forwarding Argument TLVs}
}
Fig 1: Overview of MNH Attribute Layout - Eye candy summary.
A MNH attribute consists of a "Propagation Scope checker" and one of
more "MNH TLVs". The Propagation Scope checker confines
advertisement scope of a MNH attribute. A MNH TLV contains one
Nexthop Forwarding Information (NFI) TLV. A NFI TLV contains one or
more Forwarding Instructions (FI) TLV. A FI TLV contains a
Forwarding-Action and one more Forwarding Argument TLVs. The
Forwarding Argument describe the parameters required to complete the
Forwarding Action.
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0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Attr. Flags |Attr. Type Code| Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| MNH-Flags | Advt-PNH-Len | Advertising PNH .. |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| .. Address |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Propagation Scope Checker |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| MNH TLV ~
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
~ MNH TLV |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Fig 2: MultiNexthop - BGP Attribute.
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- Attr. Flags (1 octet)
BGP Path-attribute flags. indicating an Optional Non-Transitive
attribute. i.e. Optional bit set, Transitive bit reset.
- Attr. Type Code (1 octet)
Type code allotted by IANA. TBD.
- Length (1 or 2 octets)
One or Two bytes field stating length of attribute value in bytes.
- MNH-Flags (1 octet)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|R R R R R R R R|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
All bits are reserved.
R: Reserved. MUST be set to zero, SHOULD be ignored by receiver.
- Advt-PNH-Len (1 octet)
Length in octets (4 for IPv4, 16 for IPv6, 12 for VPN-IPv4,
24 for VPN-IPv6) of Advertising PNH Address.
- Advertising PNH Address (Advt-PNH-Len octets)
BGP Protocol Nexthop address advertised in NEXT_HOP or MP_REACH_NLRI attr.
Used to sanity-check the MNH attribute. In case of RFC-2545, this will be
the global (non link-local) IPv6 address.
- Propagation Scope Checker: confines advertisement scope of a MNH attribute,
described in next section.
- MNH TLVs: One or more MNH TLVs are carried in a MNH attr.
MNH TLV is described in subsequent sections.
5.1. Propagation Scope checker
The Propagation Scope Check controls the propagation scope of MNH
attribute.
By default, MNH attr is not advertised. Setting up the Scope checker
appropriately allows advertisement of the attribute within desired
boundary.
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0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| PSC-Flags | PSC Num AS |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Allowed-AS ~
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
~ Allowed-AS |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Fig 3: MNH Propagation Scope Checker
By default, MNH attr is not advertised. The PSC flags allow it be advertised.
- PSC Flags (1 octet)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|I C E R R R R R|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
I: When Set allow advertisement to IBGP peers.
C: When Set allow advertisement to Confed-EBGP.
E: When Set allow advertisement to EBGP peers in Allowed-AS list.
R: Reserved. MUST be set to zero, SHOULD be ignored by receiver.
- PSC Num AS: number of AS numbers listed in following field.
If this value is 0, E bit is considered Clear.
If E bit is Set, this value should be at least 1.
- Allowed-AS: list of (4 octect) AS numbers that are under same administrative control.
When the I, C, E bits in PSC Flags are Clear, the MNH attribute MUST
NOT be advertised. A speaker originating a MNH-attribute SHOULD set
these bits based on desired scope of propagation.
To allow propagation across multiple AS domains, that are under
single administrative control, the E bit is Set and "Allowed AS"
field contains the list of AS numbers under same administrative
control.
5.2. MNH TLV
The type of MNH TLV describes how the forwarding information carried
in the MNH TLV is used.
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0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| MNH-TLV Flags| MNH. Type Code| Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Value |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Fig 3: MNH TLV
- MNH-TLV Flags (1 octet)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|R R R R R R R R|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
All bits are reserved.
R: Reserved. MUST be set to zero, SHOULD be ignored by receiver.
MNH Type Code Meaning
-------------- -------------
0 None
1 Upstream signaled primary forwarding path.
2 Upstream signaled backup forwarding path.
3 Domain Local Preference (DOMAIN_LOCAL_PREF)
4 Downstream signaled Label Descriptor.
- Length
Length of Value portion in octects.
Type codes 1 and 2 are applicable for upstream allocated prefixes,
example IP, MPLS, Flowspec routes.
Type code 4 describes the forwarding behavior given to downstream
allocated MPLS label, adveritsed in BGP route.
Usage of Type code 1 in a BGP route containing IP prefix gives
similar result as advertising the route with nexthop contained in BGP
path-attributes: Nexthop (code 3) or MP_REACH_NLRI (code 14).
Upstream allocation for MPLS routes is achieved by using mechanisms
explained in [MPLS-NAMESPACES].
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If an invalid Type Code (like 0) is received, the TLV is ignored
gracefully handing the error.
If an unknown Type Code is received, it SHOULD be ignored but
propagated further when the MNH attribute is propagated, because
nexthop is not changed.
If the received Type Code is incompatible for the prefix in BGP NLRI,
the TLV should be ignored.
5.2.1. Upstream signaled Primary forwarding path.
Type Code = 1 means the TLV describes forwarding state to be
programmed at receiving speaker as primary path nexthop leg. This
TLV is used with Upstream allocated or global scope prefixes carried
in BGP NLRI. Value part of this TLV contains Nexthop Forwarding
Information TLV.
A BGP speaker uses the nexthop forwarding information received in
this TLV as a primary path nexthop leg when programming the route for
the NLRI prefix in its Forwarding table.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| MNH-TLV Flags| MNH Type = 1 | Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Nexthop Forwarding Information TLV |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Fig 4: Upstream signaled Primary forwarding path TLV
5.2.2. Upstream signaled Backup forwarding path.
Type Code = 2 means the TLV describes forwarding state to be
programmed at receiving speaker as backup-path nexthop leg. This TLV
is used with Upstream allocated prefixes or global scoped prefixes.
Value part contains Nexthop Forwarding Information TLV.
Signaling a different nexthop for use as backup path is desired in
some labeled forwarding scenarios, where two multihomed edge devices
use each other as backup path to protect traffic when primary path
fails.
This is required to avoid label advertisement oscillation between the
multihomed PEs when they implement per-nexthop label allocation mode.
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The label advertised by a PE1 for primary path advertisement is
allocated/forwarded using external paths as primary leg and backup-
path label from other multihomed PE2 as backup-path label. Such that
primary-path label allocation at PE1 is not a function of the
primary-path label advertised by PE2. Thus the primary path label
remains stable at a PE and does not change when a new primary path
label is received from the other multihomed PE. This prevents the
label oscillation problem.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| MNH-TLV Flags| MNH Type = 2 | Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Nexthop Forwarding Information TLV |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Fig 5: Upstream signaled Backup forwarding path TLV
The backup path label allocated and advertised by a PE is a function
of only the primary path. E.g. path to the CE device. So this label
value does not change when a new label is received from the other
multihomed PE
5.2.3. Domain Local Preference (DOMAIN_LOCAL_PREF)
LOCAL_PREF defined in [RFC4271] is "AS Local" in scope, not allowed
to propagate across EBGP boundaries. Only allowed to be sent over
IBGP and Confed-EBGP sessions.
In some deployments where multiple AS are part of single
administrative control (Inter-AS option C), it is desirable to use a
similar construct across EBGP boundaries but within the
administrative domain.
This document defines "Domain Local Preference (DOMAIN_LOCAL_PREF)"
which is "Inter-AS option C Domain local" in scope.
When LOCAL_PREF is not available on a route, the DOMAIN_LOCAL_PREF if
present can be used to tie-break in same position in the path
selection as LOCAL_PREF.
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The Propagation Scope Checker MUST ensure that MNH attribute
containing DOMAIN_LOCAL_PREF is not advertised across EBGP boundary
beyond the Inter-AS option C domain. This is done by Setting E bit,
and including AS-numbers of Autonomous systems participating in the
Option-C domain.
Information on AS-numbers participating in the Option-C domain is
derived from device's local configuration or policy
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| MNH-TLV Flags| MNH Type = 3 | Length = 4 |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Domain Local Pref (4 octets) |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- Domain Local Preference
Local preference given to this nexthop-leg/route. Propagated across EBGP boundaries
within Autonomous Systems under same administrative control.
Fig 6: "Domain Local Preference" attribute sub-TLV
This TLV is used as input to path selection.
5.2.4. Downstream signaled Label Descriptor.
Type Code = 4 means the TLV describes forwarding state associated
with downstream allocated MPLS label at the egress node identified in
Endpoint FA TLV. Value part of this TLV contains Endpoint FA-TLV,
Payload Info FA-TLV to identify the label being described, along with
Nexthop Forwarding Information TLV that describes the forwarding
state.
Signaling what a label advertised in BGP route signifies is helpful
for debugging. The information provided by label descriptor can
enable new usecases like network visualization and off box EPE
decisions.
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0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| MNH-TLV Flags| MNH Type = 4 | Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Endpoint Fwd Argument TLV |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Encap Info. Fwd Argument TLV |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Nexthop Forwarding Information TLV |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Endpoint Fwd Argument TLV:
Specifies the IP endpoint. Section 5.5.1.
Encap Info. Fwd Argument TLV:
Specifies the Label value being described. Section 5.5.3.1.
Nexthop Forwarding Information TLV:
Indicates the forwarding state. Described in next section.
Fig 6: Downstream signaled Label Descriptor TLV
TBD: pointer to sec
5.3. Nexthop Forwarding Information TLV
A Nexthop Forwarding Information TLV describes a MNH TLV. It
contains one or more Forwarding Instruction TLVs. These Forwarding
Instructions are the Forwarding Legs of the MNH.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| NFI Flags | Num-Nexthops |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Forwarding Instruction TLV (F.I. TLV) ~
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
~ Forwarding Instruction TLV (F.I. YLV) |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Fig 7: Nexthop Forwarding Information TLV
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- NFI Flags (1 octet)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|R R R R R R R R|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
All bits are reserved.
R: Reserved. MUST be set to zero, SHOULD be ignored by receiver.
- Num-Nexthops
Number of F.I. TLVs.
- Forwarding Instruction TLV
Each F.I. TLV describes a Nexthop Leg.
Layout of Forwarding Instruction TLV is described in next section.
5.4. Forwarding Instruction TLV
Each Forwarding Instruction TLV describes a Nexthop Leg. It
expresses a "Forwarding Action" (FwdAction) along with arguments
required to complete the action. The type of actions defined by this
TLV are given below. The arguments are denoted by "Forwarding
Argument TLVs". The Forwarding Argument TLVs takes appropriate
values based on the FwdAction.
Each FwdAction should note the Arguments needed to complete the
action. Any extranous arguments should be ignored. If the minimum
set of arguments required to complete an action is not received, the
Forwarding Instruction TLV should be ignored. Appropriate logging
and diagnostic info MAY be provided by an implementation to help
troubleshoot such scenarios.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| F.I. Flags | Relative Pref | FwdAction |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Fwd Argument TLV ~
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
~ Fwd Argument TLV |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
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Fig 8: Forwarding Instruction TLV
- F.I. Flags (1 octet)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|R R R R R R R R|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
All bits are reserved.
R: Reserved. MUST be set to zero, SHOULD be ignored by receiver.
- Relative Pref (2 octets)
Unsigned 2 octet integer specifying relative order or preference, among
the many forwarding instructions, to use in FIB. All usable nexthop legs
with lowest relative-pref are installed in FIB as primary-path. Thus if
multiple legs exist with that lowest relative-pref, ECMP is formed.
FwdAction Meaning
--------- -------------
0 None
1 Forward
2 Pop-And-Forward
3 Swap
4 Push
5 Pop-And-Lookup
6 Replicate
Forwarding Instruction TLV with unknown FwdAction should be ignored, skipped
and rest of the attribute processed; gracefully handling the error. The event
may be appropriately logged for diagnosis.
- Length (2 octets)
Length in octets, of all Forwarding Argument TLVs.
Meaning of most of the above FwdAction semantics is well understood.
FwdAction 1 is applicable for both IP and MPLS routes. FwdActions
2-5 are applicable for encapsulated payloads (like MPLS) only.
FwdActions 1, 6 are applicable for Flowspec routes for Redirect and
Mirror actions. FwdAction 6 can also be used to indicate multicast
replication like functionality.
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The "Forward" action means forward the IP/MPLS packet with the
destination prefix (IP-dest-addr/MPLS-label) value unchanged. For IP
routes, this is the forwarding-action given for next-hop addresses
contained in BGP path-attributes: Nexthop (code 3) or MP_REACH_NLRI
(code 14). For MPLS routes, usage of this action is equivalent to
SWAP with same label-value; one such usage is explained in
[MPLS-NAMESPACES] when Upstream-label-allocation is in use.
The "Pop-And-Forward" action means Pop the payload header (e.g.
MPLS-label) and forward the payload towards the Nexthop IP-address
specified in the Endpoint Id TLV, using appropriate encapsulation to
reach the Nexthop.
When applied to MPLS packet, the "Pop-And-Lookup" action may result
in a MPLS-lookup or an upper-layer header (like IPv4, IPv6) lookup,
depending on whether the label that was popped was the bottom of
stack label.
If an incompatible FwdAction is received for a prefix-type, or an
unsupported FwdAction is received, it is considered a semantic-error
and MUST be dealt with as explained in "Error handling procedures"
section.
5.5. Forwarding Argument TLV
The Forwarding Argument TLV describes various parameters required to
execute a FwdAction.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| F.A. Flags | F.A. Type Code | Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Length | Value |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Fig 9: Forwarding Argument TLV
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- F.A. Flags (1 octet)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|R R R R R R R R|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
All bits are reserved.
R: Reserved. MUST be set to zero, SHOULD be ignored by receiver.
F.A. Type Code Meaning
------------- ---------
0 None
1 Endpoint Identifier
2 Path Constraints
3 Payload encapsulation info signaling
4 Endpoint attributes advertisement
- Length (2 octets)
Length in bytes of Value field.
5.5.1. Endpoint Identifier
F.A. Type Code = 1. This Forwarding Argument TLV identifies an
Endpoint of different types.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| F.A. Flags | F.A. Type Code =1 | Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Length | Endpoint Type | Endpoint Len | Endpoint Value|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Endpoint Value |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Fig 10: Endpoint Identifier TLV
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- F.A. Flags (1 octet)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|R R R R R R R R|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
R: Reserved. MUST be set to zero, SHOULD be ignored by receiver.
- Length (2 octets)
Length in bytes of Value field.
Endpoint Type Value Len (octets)
------------- --------- ---------------------
0 None
1 IPv4 Address 4
2 IPv6 Address 16
3 MPLS Label (Upstream 4
allocated or
Global scope)
4 Fwd Context RD 8
5 Fwd Context RT 8
- Endpoint Len (1 octet)
Length in bytes of Endpoint Value field.
5.5.2. Path Constraints
F.A. Type Code = 2. This Forwarding Argument TLV defines
constraints for path to the Endpoint.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| F.A. Flags | F.A. Type Code = 2 | Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Length | ConstrainType | Constrain Len | ConstrainValue|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| ConstrainValue |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Fig 11: Path Constraints TLV
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- F.A. Flags (1 octet)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|R R R R R R R R|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
R: Reserved. MUST be set to zero, SHOULD be ignored by receiver.
- Length (2 octets)
Length in bytes of Value field.
ConstrainType Value Len (octets)
------------- ------------------------- ---------------------
0 None
1 Proximity check 2
2 Transport Class ID (Color) 4
3 Load balance factor 2
- Constrain Len (1 octet)
Length in bytes of Constrain Value field.
- Proximity check Flags (2 octets)
Flags describing whether the nexthop endpoint is expected to be single hop
away, or multihop away. Format of flags is described in next section.
- Transport Class ID (Color):
This is a 32 bit identifier, associated with the Nexthop address.
The Nexthop IP-address specified in "Endpoint Identifier" TLVs
are resolved over tunnels of this color.
Defined in [BGP-CT] [draft-kaliraj-idr-bgp-classful-transport-planes]
- Load balance factor (2 octets)
Balance Percentage
5.5.2.1. Proximity check
Usually EBGP singlehop received routes are expected to be one hop
away, directly connected. And IBGP received routes are expected to
be multihop away. Implementations today provide configuring
exceptions to this rule.
The 'expected proximity' of the Nexthop can be signaled to the
receiver using the Proximity check flags. Such that irrespective of
whether the route is received from IBGP/EBGP peer, it can be treated
as a single-hop away or multihop away nexthop.
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The format of the Proximity check Sub-TLV is as follows:
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| F.A. Flags | F.A. Type Code = 2 | Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Length |ConstrainType=1| Len = 2 |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Proximity Check Flags |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- F.A. Flags (1 octet)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|R R R R R R R R|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
R: Reserved. MUST be set to zero, SHOULD be ignored by receiver.
- Length (2 octets)
Length in bytes of Value field.
- Proximity check Flags (2 octets)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|S M R R R R R R R R R R R R R R|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
S: Restrict to Singlehop path.
M: Expect Multihop path.
R: Reserved. MUST be set to zero, SHOULD be ignored by receiver.
Fig 12: "Proximity check sub-TLV" sub-TLV
This TLV would be valid with Forwarding Instructions TLV with
FwdAction of Forward, Pop-And-Forward, Swap or Push.
When S bit is set, receiver considers the nexthop valid only if it is
directly connected to the receiver.
When M bit is set, receiver assumes that the nexthop can be multiple
hops away, and resolves the path to the nexthop via another route.
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When both S and M bits are set, M bit behavior takes precedence.
When both S and M bits are Clear, the current behavior of deriving
proximity from peer type (EBGP is singlehop, IBGP is multihop) is
followed.
5.5.2.2. Transport Class ID (Color)
The Nexthop can be associated with a Transport Class, so as to
resolve a path that satisfies required Transport tunnel
characteristics. Transport Class is defined in [BGP-CT]
Transport Class is a per-nexthop scoped attribute. Without MNH, the
Transport class is applied to the nexthop IP-address encoded in the
BGP-Nexthop attribute (code 3), or inside the MP_REACH_NLRI attribute
(code 14). With MNH, the Transport Class can be specified per
Nexthop-Leg (Forwarding Instruction TLV). It is applied to the IP-
address encoded in the Endpoint Identifier TLV of type "IPv4
Address", "IPv6 Address" , "MPLS Label (Upstream allocated or Global
scope)".
The format of the Transport Class ID Sub-TLV is as follows:
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0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| F.A. Flags | F.A. Type Code = 2 | Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Length |ConstrainType=2| Len = 4 | Transport.. |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| .. Class ID (4 bytes) |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- F.A. Flags (1 octet)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|R R R R R R R R|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
R: Reserved. MUST be set to zero, SHOULD be ignored by receiver.
- Length (2 octets)
Length in bytes of Value field.
- Transport Class ID (Color):
This is a 32 bit identifier, associated with the Nexthop address.
The Nexthop specified in Endpoint Identifier TLVs
are resolved over tunnels of this color.
Defined in [BGP-CT] [draft-kaliraj-idr-bgp-classful-transport-planes]
Fig 12: "Transport Class ID (Color)" sub-TLV
This TLV would be valid with Forwarding Instructions TLV with
FwdAction of Forward, Swap or Push.
5.5.2.3. Load balance factor
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0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| F.A. Flags | F.A. Type Code = 3 | Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Length |ConstrainType=3| Len = 2 | Balance.. |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|.. Percentage |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- F.A. Flags (1 octet)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|R R R R R R R R|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
R: Reserved. MUST be set to zero, SHOULD be ignored by receiver.
- Length (2 octets)
Length in bytes of Value field.
- Len (1 octet)
Length of the Constrain Value field.
- Balance Percentage:
This is the explicit "balance percentage" requested by the sender,
for unequal load-balancing over these Nexthop-Descriptor-TLV legs.
This balance percentage would override the implicit
balance-percentage calculated using "Bandwidth" attribute
sub-TLV.
Fig 13: "Load-Balance-Factor" sub-TLV
This sub-TLV would be valid with Forwarding Instructions TLV with
FwdAction of Forward, Swap or Push.
This is the explicit "balance percentage" requested by the sender,
for unequal load-balancing over these Nexthop-Descriptor-TLV legs.
This balance percentage would override the implicit balance-
percentage calculated using "Bandwidth" attribute sub-TLV
When the sum of "balance percentage" on the nexthop legs does not
equal 100, it is scaled up or down to match 100. The individual
balance percentages in each nexthop leg are also scaled up or down
proportionally to determine the effective balance percentage per
nexthop leg.
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5.5.3. Payload encapsulation info signaling
F.A. Type Code = 3. This Forwarding Argument TLV defines payload
encapsulation information.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| F.A. Flags | F.A. Type Code =3 | Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Length | Encap Type | Encap Len |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Encap Value |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Fig 12: Payload encapsulation info signaling TLV
- F.A. Flags (1 octet)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|R R R R R R R R|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
R: Reserved. MUST be set to zero, SHOULD be ignored by receiver.
- Length (2 octets)
Length in bytes of Value field.
Endcap Type Value
------------- --------------
0 None
1 MPLS Label Info
2 SR MPLS label Index Info
3 SRv6 SID info
- Encap Len (2 octets)
Length in octets of Encap Value field.
5.5.3.1. MPLS Label Info
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0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| F.A. Flags | F.A. Type Code =3 | Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Length | Encap Type=1 | Encap Len |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Flags (2 bytes) |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| MPLS Label (20 bits) |Rsrv |S~
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
~ MPLS Label (20 bits) |Rsrv |S|
-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Fig 13: MPLS Label Info.
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- F.A. Flags (1 octet)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|R R R R R R R R|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
R: Reserved. MUST be set to zero, SHOULD be ignored by receiver.
- Length (2 octets)
Length in bytes of Value field.
- Encap Type
= 1, to signify MPLS Label Info.
- Encap Len (2 octets)
Length in bytes of following Encap Value field.
- Flags (2 octets):
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|E R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
E: ELC bit. Indicates if this egress NH is Entropy Label Capable.
1 means the Entropy Label capable.
0 means not capable to handle Entropy Label.
R: Reserved. MUST be set to zero, SHOULD be ignored by receiver.
- MPLS Label, Rsrv, S bit.
20 bit MPLS Label stack encoded as in RFC 8277.
S bit set on last label in label stack.
5.5.3.2. SR MPLS Label Index Info
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0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| F.A. Flags | F.A. Type Code =3 | Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Length | Encap Type=2 | Encap Len |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| RESERVED | LI Flags | Label .. |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| ..Index |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Fig 13: SR MPLS Label Index Info.
- F.A. Flags (1 octet)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|R R R R R R R R|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
R: Reserved. MUST be set to zero, SHOULD be ignored by receiver.
- Length (2 octets)
Length in bytes of Value field.
- Encap Type
= 1, to signify SR MPLS SID Info.
- Encap Len (2 octets)
Length in bytes of following Encap Value field.
Rest of the value portion is encoded as specified in RFC-8669 sec 3.1.
- RESERVED: 8-bit field. MUST be set to zero, SHOULD be ignored by receiver.
- LI Flags: 16 bits of flags. None defined. MUST be set to zero, SHOULD be ignored by receiver.
- Label Index:
32-bit value representing the index value in the SRGB space.
5.5.3.3. SRv6 SID Info
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0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| F.A. Flags | F.A. Type Code =3 | Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Length | Encap Type=3 | Encap Len |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| .. SRv6 SID Info (variable) |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Fig 13: SRv6 SID Info.
- F.A. Flags (1 octet)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|R R R R R R R R|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
R: Reserved. MUST be set to zero, SHOULD be ignored by receiver.
- Length (2 octets)
Length in bytes of Value field.
- Encap Type
= 1, to signify SR MPLS SID Info.
- Encap Len (2 octets)
Length in bytes of following Encap Value field.
- SRv6 SID Info:
One or more IPv6 Addresses (SRv6 SIDs), specified in RFC-8669 sec 3.1.
5.5.4. Endpoint attributes advertisement
F.A. Type Code = 4. This Forwarding Argument TLV defines attributes
of an endpoint.
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0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| F.A. Flags | F.A. Type Code = 4 | Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Length | Attrib Type | Attr Len | Attr Value |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Attr Value |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Fig 12: Endpoint attributes advertisement TLV
EP Attrib Type Attrib Value Attrib Len (octets)
---------------- ------------------ ---------------------
0 None
1 Available Bandwidth 8
5.5.4.1. Available Bandwidth
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| F.A. Flags | F.A. Type Code = 4 | Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Length | Attrib Type 1| Attr Len=8 | Attr Value |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Bandwidth (8 octets) |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Bandwidth (contd.) |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- Len (2 octets)
Length in bytes of remaining portion of SubTLV.
- Bandwidth
The bandwidth of the link expressed as 8 octets,
units being bits per second.
Fig 6: "Available Bandwidth" attribute sub-TLV
This sub-TLV would be valid with Forwarding Instruction TLV with
FwdAction of Forward, Swap or Push.
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6. Error handling procedures
With MNH TLV Type = 4 (Downstream signaled Label Descriptor), this
attribute is used to describe the label advertised by the BGP-peer.
If the value in the attribute is syntactically parse-able, but not
semantically valid, the receiving speaker should deal with the error
gracefully and MUST NOT tear down the BGP session. In such cases the
rest of the BGP-update can be consumed if possibe.
With other MNH TLV Types, this attribute is used to specify the
forwarding action at the receiving BGP-peer. If the value in the
attribute is syntactically parse-able, but not semantically valid,
the receiving speaker SHOULD deal with the error gracefully by
ignoring the MNH attribute, and continue processing the route. It
MUST NOT tear down the BGP session.
If a MNH TLV Type = 4 is received for an IP-route (SAFI Unicast), the
MNH attribute SHOULD be ignored. Because IP route prefixes are
upstream allocated by nature.
If a MNH TLV Type = 4 is received for an [MPLS-NAMESPACES] route, the
MNH attribute SHOULD be ignored. Because the label prefix in MPLS-
NAMESPACE family routes is upstream allocated.
The receiving BGP speaker MAY consider the "Num-Nexthops" value in a
Nexthop Forwarding Information TLV not acceptable, based on it's
forwarding capabilities. In such cases, the MNH attribute SHOULD be
considered Unusable, and not be used, ignored on receipt. The
condition SHOULD be dealt gracefully and MUST NOT tear down the BGP
session.
A TLV or sub-TLV of a certain Type in a MNH attribute can occur only
once, unless specified otherwise by that type value. If multiple
instances of such TLV or sub-TLV is received, the instances other
than the first occurance are ignored.
If a TLV or sub-TLV of an unknown Type value is received, it is
ignored and skipped. Remaining part of the MNH attribute if
parseable is used
In case of length errors inside a TLV, such that the MNH attribute
cannot be used, but the length value in MNH attribute itself is
proper, the MNH attribute should be considered invalid and not used.
But rest of the route update if parseable should be used. This
follows the 'Attribute discard' approach described in [RFC7606]
Section 2.
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7. Scaling considerations
The MNH attribute allows receiving multiple nexthops on the same BGP
session. This flexibility also opens up the possibility that a peer
can send large number of multipath (ECMP/UCMP/FRR) nexthops that may
overwhelm the local system's forwarding plane. Prefix-limit based
checks will not avoid this situation.
To keep the scaling limits under check, a BGP speaker MAY keep
account of number of unique multipath nexthops that are received from
a BGP peer, and impose a configurable max-limit on that. This is
especially useful for EBGP peers.
A good scaling property of conveying multipath nexthops using the MNH
attribute with N nexthop legs on one BGP session, as against BGP
routes on N BGP sessions is that, it limits the amount of
transitionary multipath combinatorial state in the latter model.
Because the final multipath state is conveyed by one route update in
deterministic manner, there is no transitionary multipath
combinatorial explosion created during establishment of N sessions.
8. IANA Considerations
This document makes request to IANA to allocate the following codes
in BGP attributes registry.
8.1. BGP Path Attribute Code: MULTI_NEXT_HOP
A new BGP attribute code TBD for "BGP MultiNexthop Attribute
(MULTI_NEXT_HOP)", in "BGP Path Attributes" registry.
8.2. BGP Capability Code: MULTI_NEXT_HOP
This document makes request to IANA to allocate a BGP capability code
TBD for "BGP MultiNexthop Attribute (MULTI_NEXT_HOP)".
8.3. Registries for MULTI_NEXT_HOP
This document creates the following sub registries for TLVs and Sub-
TLVs within MULTI_NEXT_HOP attribute.
1. Registry of Type codes in "MULTI_NEXT_HOP TLV"
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Registration Procedure(s)
Expert Review
Expert(s)
Kaliraj Vairavakkalai
Reference
draft-kaliraj-idr-multinexthop-attribute
MNH Type Code Meaning
-------------- -------------
0 None
1 Upstream signaled primary forwarding path.
2 Upstream signaled backup forwarding path.
3 Domain Local Preference (DOMAIN_LOCAL_PREF)
4 Downstream signaled Label Descriptor.
2. Registry of FwdAction values in MNH "Forwarding Instruction TLV"
Registration Procedure(s)
Expert Review
Expert(s)
Kaliraj Vairavakkalai
Reference
draft-kaliraj-idr-multinexthop-attribute
FwdAction Meaning
--------- -------------
0 None
1 Forward
2 Pop-And-Forward
3 Swap
4 Push
5 Pop-And-Lookup
6 Replicate
3. Registry of Type codes in MNH "Forwarding Arguments TLV".
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Registration Procedure(s)
Expert Review
Expert(s)
Kaliraj Vairavakkalai
Reference
draft-kaliraj-idr-multinexthop-attribute
F.A. Type Code Meaning
--------------- ------------------
0 None
1 Endpoint Identifier
2 Path Constraints
3 Payload encapsulation info signaling
4 Endpoint attributes advertisement
4. Registry of Endpoint Types in MNH "Endpoint Identifier TLV"
Forwarding Argument.
Registration Procedure(s)
Expert Review
Expert(s)
Kaliraj Vairavakkalai
Reference
draft-kaliraj-idr-multinexthop-attribute
Endpoint Type Value
------------- ---------
0 None
1 IPv4 Address
2 IPv6 Address
3 MPLS Label
4 Fwd Context RD
5 Fwd Context RT
5. Registry of Constrain Types in MNH "Path Constrain TLV"
Forwarding Argument.
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Registration Procedure(s)
Expert Review
Expert(s)
Kaliraj Vairavakkalai
Reference
draft-kaliraj-idr-multinexthop-attribute
ConstrainType Value
------------- -------------------------
0 None
1 Proximity check
2 Transport Class ID (Color)
3 Load balance factor
6. Registry of Encap Types in MNH "Payload Encapsulation Info
Signaling TLV" Forwarding Argument.
Registration Procedure(s)
Expert Review
Expert(s)
Kaliraj Vairavakkalai
Reference
draft-kaliraj-idr-multinexthop-attribute
Encap Type Value
------------- --------------
0 None
1 MPLS Label Info
2 SR MPLS label Index Info
3 SRv6 SID info
7. Registry of Endpoint Attribute Types in MNH "Endpoint attributes
advertisement TLV" Forwarding Argument.
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Registration Procedure(s)
Expert Review
Expert(s)
Kaliraj Vairavakkalai
Reference
draft-kaliraj-idr-multinexthop-attribute
EP Attrib Type Attrib Value
---------------- ------------------
0 None
1 Available Bandwidth
Note to RFC Editor: this section may be removed on publication as an
RFC.
9. Security Considerations
The attribute is defined as optional non-transitive BGP attribute,
such that it does not accidentally get propagated or leaked via BGP
speakers that dont support this feature, especially does not
unintentionally leak across EBGP boundaries.
10. Acknowledgements
Thanks to Jeff Haas, Natrajan Venkataraman, Reshma Das, Robert
Raszuk, Ron Bonica for the review, discussions and input to the
draft.
11. References
11.1. Normative References
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.
[RFC2545] Marques, P. and F. Dupont, "Use of BGP-4 Multiprotocol
Extensions for IPv6 Inter-Domain Routing", RFC 2545,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2545, March 1999,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2545>.
[RFC3392] Chandra, R. and J. Scudder, "Capabilities Advertisement
with BGP-4", RFC 3392, DOI 10.17487/RFC3392, November
2002, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3392>.
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[RFC4271] Rekhter, Y., Ed., Li, T., Ed., and S. Hares, Ed., "A
Border Gateway Protocol 4 (BGP-4)", RFC 4271,
DOI 10.17487/RFC4271, January 2006,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4271>.
[RFC7311] Mohapatra, P., Fernando, R., Rosen, E., and J. Uttaro,
"The Accumulated IGP Metric Attribute for BGP", RFC 7311,
DOI 10.17487/RFC7311, August 2014,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7311>.
[RFC7606] Chen, E., Ed., Scudder, J., Ed., Mohapatra, P., and K.
Patel, "Revised Error Handling for BGP UPDATE Messages",
RFC 7606, DOI 10.17487/RFC7606, August 2015,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7606>.
[RFC8277] Rosen, E., "Using BGP to Bind MPLS Labels to Address
Prefixes", RFC 8277, DOI 10.17487/RFC8277, October 2017,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8277>.
11.2. References
[ADDPATH-GUIDELINES]
Uttaro, Ed., "BGP Flow-Spec Redirect to IP Action", 25
April 2016, <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-
ietf-idr-add-paths-guidelines-08#section-2>.
[BGP-CT] Vairavakkalai, Ed., "BGP Classful Transport Planes", 25
August 2021, <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-
kaliraj-idr-bgp-classful-transport-planes/12/>.
[FLWSPC-REDIR-IP]
Simpson, Ed., "BGP Flow-Spec Redirect to IP Action", 2
February 2015, <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/
draft-ietf-idr-flowspec-redirect-ip#section-3>.
[MPLS-NAMESPACES]
Vairavakkalai, Ed., "BGP signalled MPLS-namespaces", 28
December 2021, <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/
draft-kaliraj-bess-bgp-sig-private-mpls-labels-04>.
[SRTE-COLOR-ONLY]
Filsfils, Ed., "BGP Flow-Spec Redirect to IP Action", 21
February 2018, <https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-
filsfils-spring-segment-routing-policy-06#section-8.8.1>.
Authors' Addresses
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Kaliraj Vairavakkalai (editor)
Juniper Networks, Inc.
1133 Innovation Way,
Sunnyvale, CA 94089
United States of America
Email: kaliraj@juniper.net
Minto Jeyananth
Juniper Networks, Inc.
1133 Innovation Way,
Sunnyvale, CA 94089
United States of America
Email: minto@juniper.net
Gyan Mishra
Verizon Communications Inc.
13101 Columbia Pike
Silver Spring, MD 20904
United States of America
Email: gyan.s.mishra@verizon.com
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