Internet DRAFT - draft-ietf-netconf-rfc5277bis

draft-ietf-netconf-rfc5277bis







NETCONF                                                         A. Clemm
Internet-Draft                                                 Sympotech
Intended status: Standards Track                      A. Gonzalez Prieto
Expires: April 30, 2017                                          E. Voit
                                                       E. Nilsen-Nygaard
                                                             A. Tripathy
                                                           Cisco Systems
                                                             S. Chisholm
                                                                   Ciena
                                                              H. Trevino
                                                           Cisco Systems
                                                        October 27, 2016


                   Subscribing to Event Notifications
                    draft-ietf-netconf-rfc5277bis-01

Abstract

   This document defines capabilities and operations for subscribing to
   content and providing asynchronous notification message delivery on
   that content.  Notification delivery can occur over a variety of
   protocols used commonly in conjunction with YANG, such as NETCONF and
   RESTCONF.  The capabilities and operations defined in this document
   when using in conjunction with draft-ietf-netconf-netconf-event-
   notifications are intended to replace RFC 5277.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on April 30, 2017.








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Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2016 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
     1.1.  Motivation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
     1.2.  Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     1.3.  Solution Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
   2.  Solution  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     2.1.  Event Streams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     2.2.  Event Stream Discovery  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
     2.3.  Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
     2.4.  Subscription State Model at the Publisher . . . . . . . .   7
   3.  Data Model Trees for Event Notifications  . . . . . . . . . .   8
   4.  Dynamic Subscriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
     4.1.  Establishing a Subscription . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
     4.2.  Modifying a Subscription  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
     4.3.  Deleting a Subscription . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
   5.  Configured Subscriptions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
     5.1.  Establishing a Configured Subscription  . . . . . . . . .  14
     5.2.  Modifying a Configured Subscription . . . . . . . . . . .  16
     5.3.  Deleting a Configured Subscription  . . . . . . . . . . .  16
   6.  Event (Data Plane) Notifications  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  17
   7.  Control Plane Notifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  18
     7.1.  replayComplete  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  19
     7.2.  notificationComplete  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  19
     7.3.  subscription-started  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  19
     7.4.  subscription-modified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  19
     7.5.  subscription-terminated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  19
     7.6.  subscription-suspended  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  20
     7.7.  subscription-resumed  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  20
   8.  Data Model for Event Notifications  . . . . . . . . . . . . .  20
   9.  Backwards Compatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  40
   10. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  41
   11. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  42



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   12. References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  42
     12.1.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  42
     12.2.  Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  42
   Appendix A.  Issues that are currently being worked and resolved   43
     A.1.  Unresolved and yet-to-be addressed issues . . . . . . . .  43
     A.2.  Agreement in principal  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  43
     A.3.  Resolved Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  44
   Appendix B.  Changes between revisions  . . . . . . . . . . . . .  44
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  45

1.  Introduction

   This document defines mechanisms that provide an asynchronous message
   notification delivery service in a protocol-agnostic manner.  This
   document defines capabilities and operations for providing
   asynchronous message notification delivery for notifications
   including those necessary to establish, monitor, and support
   subscriptions to notification delivery.

   Notification delivery can occur over a variety of protocols used
   commonly in conjunction with YANG, such as NETCONF [RFC6241] (defined
   in [I-D.ietf-netconf-netconf-event-notif]) and Restconf
   [I-D.ietf-netconf-restconf] (defined in
   [I-D.ietf-netconf-restconf-notif]).  The capabilities and operations
   defined in this document are intended to replace RFC 5277, along with
   their mapping onto NETCONF transport.

1.1.  Motivation

   The motivation for this work is to enable the sending of transport
   agnostic asynchronous notification messages driven by a YANG
   Subscription that are consistent with the data model (content) and
   security model.  Predating this work was used within a NETCONF
   implementation.  [RFC5277] which defined a limited defines a
   notification mechanism for for NETCONF.  However, there are various
   [RFC5277] has limitations:, many of which have been exposed in
   [RFC7923].

   The scope of the work aims at meeting the operational needs of
   network subscriptions:

   o  Ability to dynamically or statically subscribe to event
      notifications available on a publisher.

   o  Ability to negotiate acceptable dynamic subscription parameters.

   o  Ability to filter the subset of notifications to be pushed with
      stream-specific semantics.



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   o  Ability for the notification payload to be interpreted
      independently of the transport protocol.  (In other words, the
      encoded notification fully describes itself.)

   o  Mechanism to communicate the notifications.

   o  Ability to replay locally logged notifications.

1.2.  Terminology

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].

   Configured subscription: A subscription installed via a configuration
   interface which persists across reboots.

   Dynamic subscription: A subscription agreed between subscriber and
   publisher via create, establish, modify, and delete RPC control plane
   signaling messages.

   Event: An occurrence of something that may be of interest. (e.g., a
   configuration change, a fault, a change in status, crossing a
   threshold, or an external input to the system.)

   Event notification: A set of information intended for a Receiver
   indicating that one or more Event(s) have occurred.  Details of the
   Event(s) may be included within the Notification.

   Filter: Evaluation criteria, which may be applied against a targeted
   set of objects/events in a subscription.  Information traverses the
   filter only if specified filter criteria are met.

   NACM: NETCONF Access Control Model.

   OAM: Operations, Administration, Maintenance.

   Publisher: An entity responsible for streaming Event Notifications
   per the terms of a Subscriptions

   Receiver: A target to which a publisher pushes event notifications.
   For dynamic subscriptions, the receiver and subscriber will often be
   the same entity.

   RPC: Remote Procedure Call.

   Stream (also referred to as "event stream"): A continuous ordered set
   of events grouped under an explicit criteria.



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   Subscriber: An entity able to request and negotiate a contract for
   the receipt of event notifications from a publisher.

   Subscription: A contract with a publisher, stipulating which
   information receiver(s) wishes to have pushed from the publisher
   without the need for further solicitation.

1.3.  Solution Overview

   This document describes mechanisms for subscribing and receiving
   event notifications from an event server publisher.  This document
   builds on top of the capabilities defined in [RFC5277], extending
   them, and generalizing them to be protocol-agnostic.

   Some enhancements over RFC 5277 include the ability to have multiple
   subscriptions on a single transport session, to terminate a single
   subscriptions without terminating the transport session, and to
   modify existing subscriptions.

   These enhancements do not affect existing RFC 5277 subscribers that
   do not support these particular subscription requirements.

   The solution supports subscribing to event notifications using two
   mechanisms:

   1.  Dynamic subscriptions, where a subscriber initiates a
       subscription negotiation with a publisher via RPC.  A subscriber
       initiates a negotiation by issuing a subscription request.  If
       the publisher wants to serve this request, it will accept it, and
       then start pushing event notifications as negotiated.  If the
       publisher does not wish to serve it as requested, it may respond
       with subscription parameters which it would have accepted.

   2.  Configured subscriptions, which is an optional mechanism that
       enables managing subscriptions via a configuration interface so
       that a publisher can send event notifications to configured
       receiver(s).

   Some key characteristics of configured and dynamic subscriptions
   include:

   o  The lifetime of a dynamic subscription is limited by the lifetime
      of the subscriber session used to establish it.  Typically loss of
      the transport session tears down any dependent dynamic
      subscriptions.

   o  The lifetime of a configured subscription is driven by
      configuration being present on the running configuration.  This



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      implies configured subscriptions persist across reboots, and
      persists even when transport is unavailable.  This also means
      configured subscriptions do not support negotiation.

   o  Subscriptions can be modified or terminated at any point of their
      lifetime. configured subscriptions can be modified by any
      configuration client with write rights on the configuration of the
      subscription.

   Note that there is no mixing-and-matching of dynamic and configured
   subscriptions.  Specifically, a configured subscription cannot be
   modified or deleted using RPC.  Similarly, a subscription created via
   RPC cannot be modified through configuration operations.

   The publisher may decide to terminate a dynamic subscription at any
   time.  Similarly, it may decide to temporarily suspend the sending of
   event notifications for either configured or dynamic subscriptions.
   Such termination or suspension may be driven by the publisher running
   out of resources to serve the subscription, or by internal errors on
   the publisher.

2.  Solution

2.1.  Event Streams

   An event stream is a set of events available for subscription from a
   publisher.  It is out of the scope of this document to identify a)
   how streams are defined, b) how events are defined/generated, and c)
   how events are assigned to streams.

   That said, some event streams will be standardized whereas others may
   be vendor specific.  One standardized event stream is the "NETCONF"
   notification event stream.  The NETCONF event stream contains all
   NETCONF XML event notifications supported by the publisher, except
   for those belonging only to streams that explicitly indicate that
   they must be excluded from the NETCONF stream, such as notifications
   that serve OAM and signaling purposes.

   The following is a high-level description of the flow of a
   notification.  Note that it does not mandate and/or preclude an
   implementation.  As events are raised, they are assigned to streams.
   An event may be assigned to multiple streams.  The event is
   distributed to subscribers and receivers based on the current
   subscriptions and access control.  Access control is needed because
   if any receiver of that subscription does not have permission to
   receive an event, then it never makes it into a notification, and
   processing of the event is completed for that subscription.




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2.2.  Event Stream Discovery

   A publisher maintains a list of available event streams as
   operational data.  This list contains both standardized and vendor-
   specific event streams.  A client can retrieve this list like any
   other YANG-defined data, for example using the <get> operation when
   using NETCONF.

2.3.  Filters

   a publisher implementation SHOULD support the ability to perform
   filtering of notification records per RFC 5277.  (TODO: since 5277 is
   to be obsoleted, we should describe the filter here.)

2.4.  Subscription State Model at the Publisher

   Below is the state machine of a subscription for the publisher.  It
   is important to note that a subscription doesn't exist at the
   publisher until it is accepted and made active.  The mere request by
   a subscriber to establish a subscription is insufficient for that
   asserted subscription to be externally visible via this state
   machine.

                       .-------.
                       | start |
                       '-------'
                           |
                        establish
                           |
                           |   .----------modify--------------.
                           v   v                              '
                     .-----------.                      .-----------.
          .--------. |           |------>suspend------->|           |
        modify      '|  active   |                      | suspended |
          '--------->|           |<----resume----<------|           |
                     '-----------'                      '-----------'
                           |                                  |
                        delete                             delete
                           |                                  |
                           v                                  |
                       .-------.                              |
                       |  end  |<-----------------------------'
                       '-------'

                Figure 1: Subscription states at publisher

   Of interest in this state machine are the following:




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   o  Successful <establish-subscription> or <modify-subscription>
      requests put the subscription into an active state.

   o  Failed <modify-subscription> requests will leave the subscription
      in its previous state, with no visible change to any streaming
      updates.

   o  A <delete-subscription> request will delete the entire
      subscription.

3.  Data Model Trees for Event Notifications

   The YANG data model for event notifications is depicted in this
   section.

   module: ietf-event-notifications
       +--ro streams
       |  +--ro stream*   stream
       +--rw filters
       |  +--rw filter* [filter-id]
       |     +--rw filter-id    filter-id
       |     +--rw (filter-type)?
       |        +--:(rfc5277)
       |           +--rw filter?
       +--rw subscription-config {configured-subscriptions}?
       |  +--rw subscription* [subscription-id]
       |     +--rw subscription-id     subscription-id
       |     +--rw stream?             stream
       |     +--rw encoding?           encoding
       |     +--rw (filter-type)?
       |     |  +--:(rfc5277)
       |     |  |  +--rw filter?
       |     |  +--:(by-reference)
       |     |     +--rw filter-ref?         filter-ref
       |     +--rw startTime?          yang:date-and-time
       |     +--rw stopTime?           yang:date-and-time
       |     +--rw receivers
       |     |  +--rw receiver* [address]
       |     |     +--rw address     inet:host
       |     |     +--rw port        inet:port-number
       |     |     +--rw protocol?   transport-protocol
       |     +--rw (push-source)?
       |        +--:(interface-originated)
       |        |  +--rw source-interface?   if:interface-ref
       |        +--:(address-originated)
       |           +--rw source-vrf?         uint32
       |           +--rw source-address      inet:ip-address-no-zone
       +--ro subscriptions



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          +--ro subscription* [subscription-id]
             +--ro subscription-id            subscription-id
             +--ro configured-subscription?
             |                 empty {configured-subscriptions}?
             +--ro subscription-status?       subscription-status
             +--ro stream?                    stream
             +--ro encoding?                  encoding
             +--ro (filter-type)?
             |  +--:(rfc5277)
             |  |  +--ro filter?
             |  +--:(by-reference)
             |     +--ro filter-ref?                filter-ref
             +--ro startTime?                 yang:date-and-time
             +--ro stopTime?                  yang:date-and-time
             +--ro receivers
             |  +--ro receiver* [address]
             |     +--ro address     inet:host
             |     +--ro port        inet:port-number
             |     +--ro protocol?   transport-protocol
             +--ro (push-source)?
                +--:(interface-originated)
                |  +--ro source-interface?          if:interface-ref
                +--:(address-originated)
                   +--ro source-vrf?         uint32
                   +--ro source-address      inet:ip-address-no-zone

     rpcs:
       +---x establish-subscription
       |  +---w input
       |  |  +---w stream?       stream
       |  |  +---w encoding?     encoding
       |  |  +---w (filter-type)?
       |  |  |  +--:(rfc5277)
       |  |  |  |  +---w filter?
       |  |  |  +--:(by-reference)
       |  |  |     +---w filter-ref?   filter-ref
       |  |  +---w startTime?    yang:date-and-time
       |  |  +---w stopTime?     yang:date-and-time
       |  +--ro output
       |     +--ro subscription-result    subscription-result
       |     +--ro (result)?
       |        +--:(success)
       |        |  +--ro subscription-id        subscription-id
       |        +--:(no-success)
       |           +--ro stream?                stream
       |           +--ro encoding?              encoding
       |           +--ro (filter-type)?
       |           |  +--:(rfc5277)



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       |           |  |  +--ro filter?
       |           |  +--:(by-reference)
       |           |     +--ro filter-ref?            filter-ref
       |           +--ro startTime?             yang:date-and-time
       |           +--ro stopTime?              yang:date-and-time
       +---x create-subscription
       |  +---w input
       |     +---w stream?      stream
       |     +---w encoding?    encoding
       |     +---w (filter-type)?
       |     |  +--:(rfc5277)
       |     |     +---w filter?
       |     +---w startTime?   yang:date-and-time
       |     +---w stopTime?    yang:date-and-time
       +---x modify-subscription
       |  +---w input
       |  |  +---w subscription-id?   subscription-id
       |  |  +---w (filter-type)?
       |  |  |  +--:(rfc5277)
       |  |  |  |  +---w filter?
       |  |  |  +--:(by-reference)
       |  |  |     +---w filter-ref?        filter-ref
       |  |  +---w startTime?         yang:date-and-time
       |  |  +---w stopTime?          yang:date-and-time
       |  +--ro output
       |     +--ro subscription-result    subscription-result
       |     +--ro (result)?
       |        +--:(success)
       |        |  +--ro subscription-id        subscription-id
       |        +--:(no-success)
       |           +--ro stream?                stream
       |           +--ro encoding?              encoding
       |           +--ro (filter-type)?
       |           |  +--:(rfc5277)
       |           |  |  +--ro filter?
       |           |  +--:(by-reference)
       |           |     +--ro filter-ref?            filter-ref
       |           +--ro startTime?             yang:date-and-time
       |           +--ro stopTime?              yang:date-and-time
       +---x delete-subscription
          +---w input
          |  +---w subscription-id    subscription-id
          +--ro output
             +--ro subscription-result    subscription-result

     notifications:
       +---n replay-complete
       |  +--ro subscription-id    subscription-id



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       +---n notification-complete
       |  +--ro subscription-id    subscription-id
       +---n subscription-started
       |  +--ro subscription-id    subscription-id
       |  +--ro stream?            stream
       |  +--ro encoding?          encoding
       |  +--ro (filter-type)?
       |  |  +--:(rfc5277)
       |  |  |  +--ro filter?
       |  |  +--:(by-reference)
       |  |     +--ro filter-ref?        filter-ref
       |  +--ro startTime?         yang:date-and-time
       |  +--ro stopTime?          yang:date-and-time
       +---n subscription-suspended
       |  +--ro subscription-id    subscription-id
       |  +--ro reason?            subscription-susp-reason
       +---n subscription-resumed
       |  +--ro subscription-id    subscription-id
       +---n subscription-modified
       |  +--ro subscription-id    subscription-id
       |  +--ro stream?            stream
       |  +--ro encoding?          encoding
       |  +--ro (filter-type)?
       |  |  +--:(rfc5277)
       |  |  |  +--ro filter?
       |  |  +--:(by-reference)
       |  |     +--ro filter-ref?        filter-ref
       |  +--ro startTime?         yang:date-and-time
       |  +--ro stopTime?          yang:date-and-time
       +---n subscription-terminated
          +--ro subscription-id    subscription-id
          +--ro reason?            subscription-term-reason

   The data model is structured as follows:

   o  "Streams" contains a list of event streams that are supported by
      the publisher and that can be subscribed to.

   o  "Filters" contains a configurable list of filters that can be
      applied to a subscription.  This allows users to reference an
      existing filter definition as an alternative to defining a filter
      inline for each subscription.

   o  "Subscription-config" contains the configuration of configured
      subscriptions.  The parameters of each configured subscription are
      a superset of the parameters of a dynamic subscription and use the
      same groupings.  In addition, the configured subscriptions must




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      also specify intended receivers and may specify the push source
      from which to send the stream of notification messages.

   o  "Subscriptions" contains a list of all subscriptions on a
      publisher, both configured and dynamic.  It can be used to
      retrieve information about the subscriptions which an publisher is
      serving.

   The data model also contains a number of notifications that allow a
   publisher to signal information about a subscription.  Finally, the
   data model contains a number of RPC definitions that are used to
   manage dynamic subscriptions.

4.  Dynamic Subscriptions

   Dynamic subscriptions are managed via RPC.

4.1.  Establishing a Subscription

   This operation includes and extends the "create-subscription"
   operation defined in RFC 5277.  It allows a subscriber to request the
   creation of a subscription both via RPC and configuration operations.
   When invoking the RPC, establish-subscription permits negotiating the
   subscription terms, changing them dynamically.

   The input parameters of the operation are those of create
   subscription plus:

   o  filter-ref: filters that have been previously (and separately)
      configured can be referenced by a subscription.  This mechanism
      enables the reuse of filters.

   o  encoding: by default, updates are encoded using XML.  Other
      encodings may be supported, such as JSON.

   If the publisher cannot satisfy the request, it sends a negative
   <subscription-result> element.

   If the subscriber has no authorization to establish the subscription,
   the <subscription-result> indicates an authorization error.  If the
   request is rejected because the publisher is not able to serve it,
   the publisher SHOULD include in the returned error what subscription
   parameters would have been accepted for the request when it was
   processed.  However, they is no guarantee that subsequent requests
   with those parameters for this subscriber or others will be accepted.
   For instance, consider a subscription from
   [I-D.ietf-netconf-yang-push], which augments the establish-
   subscription with some additional parameters, including "period".



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   Subscription requests will fail if a filter with invalid syntax is
   provided or if the name of a non-existent stream is provided.

4.2.  Modifying a Subscription

   This operation permits modifying the terms of a dynamic subscription
   previously established.  Subscriptions created by configuration
   cannot be modified.  Dynamic subscriptions can be modified one or
   multiple times.  If the publisher accepts the request, it immediately
   starts sending events based on the new terms, completely ignoring the
   previous ones.  If the publisher rejects the request, the
   subscription remains as prior to the request.  That is, the request
   has no impact whatsoever.  The contents of negative responses to
   modify-subscription requests are the subset of the establish
   subscription request parameters which are allowed to be dynamically
   modified.

   Dynamic subscriptions established via RPC can only be modified (or
   deleted) via RPC using the same transport session used to establish
   that subscription.

   Configured subscriptions cannot be modified (or deleted) using RPCs.
   Instead, configured subscriptions are modified (or deleted) as part
   of regular configuration operations.  Publishers MUST reject any
   attempts to modify (or delete) configured subscriptions via RPC.

4.3.  Deleting a Subscription

   This operation permits canceling a subscription previously
   established.  If the publisher accepts the request, it immediately
   stops sending events for the subscription.  If the publisher rejects
   the request, all subscriptions remain as prior to the request.  That
   is, the request has no impact whatsoever.

   Subscriptions created via RPC can only be deleted via RPC using the
   same transport session used for subscription establishment.
   Configured subscriptions cannot be deleted using RPCs.  Instead,
   configured subscriptions are deleted as part of regular configuration
   operations.  Publishers MUST reject any RPC attempt to delete
   configured subscriptions.

   The only parameter to delete-subscription is the identifier of the
   subscription to delete.

   If the publisher can satisfy the request, it sends an OK element.

   If the publisher cannot satisfy the request, it sends an error-rpc
   element.



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5.  Configured Subscriptions

   A configured subscription is a subscription installed via a
   configuration interface.

   Configured subscriptions persist across reboots, and persist even
   when transport is unavailable.  This also means configured
   subscriptions do not support negotiation.

   Configured subscriptions can be modified by any configuration client
   with write permissions for the configuration of the subscription.
   Subscriptions can be modified or terminated at any point of their
   lifetime.

   Supporting configured subscriptions is optional and advertised using
   the "configured-subscriptions" feature.

   In addition to subscription parameters that apply to dynamic
   subscriptions, the following additional parameters apply to
   configured subscriptions:

   o  One or more receiver IP addresses (and corresponding ports)
      intended as the destination for push updates for each
      subscription.  In addition, the transport protocol for each
      destination may be defined.

   o  Optional parameters to identify an egress interface or IP address
      / VRF where a subscription updates should be pushed from the
      publisher.

5.1.  Establishing a Configured Subscription

   Configured subscriptions are established using configuration
   operations against the top-level subtree subscription-config.  There
   are two key differences between RPC and configuration operations for
   subscription establishment.  Firstly, configuration operations do not
   support negotiation while RPCs do.  Secondly, while RPCs mandate that
   the subscriber establishing the subscription is the only receiver of
   the notifications, configuration operations permit specifying
   receivers independent of any tracked subscriber.  Immediately after a
   subscription is successfully established, the publisher sends to its
   receivers a control-plane notification stating the subscription has
   been established (subscription-started).

   Because there is no explicit association with an existing transport
   session, configured configuration operations require additional
   parameters to indicate the receivers of the notifications and




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   possibly the source of the notifications such as a specific egress
   interface.

   For example at subscription establishment, a client may send:

   <rpc message-id="101"
          xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0"
          xmlns:nc="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0">
       <edit-config>
           <target>
               <running/>
           </target>
           <subscription-config
               xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:notification:1.1">
               <subscription>
                   <subscription-id>
                       1922
                   </subscription-id>
                   <stream>
                       foo
                   </stream>
                   <receiver>
                       <address>
                           1.2.3.4
                       </address>
                       <port>
                           1234
                       </port>
                   </receiver>
               </subscription>
           </subscription-config>
       </edit-config>
   </rpc>

                Figure 2: Establish configured subscription

   if the request is accepted, the publisher would reply:

   <rpc-reply message-id="101"
             xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0">
          <ok/>
   </rpc-reply>

        Figure 3: Response to a successful configured subscription
                               establishment

   if the request is not accepted because the publisher cannot serve it,
   the publisher may reply:



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   <rpc-reply xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0">
       <rpc-error>
           <error-type>application</error-type>
           <error-tag>resource-denied</error-tag>
           <error-severity>error</error-severity>
           <error-message xml:lang="en">
               Temporarily the publisher cannot serve this
               subscription due to the current workload.
           </error-message>
       </rpc-error>
   </rpc-reply>

   Figure 4: Response to a failed configured subscription establishment

5.2.  Modifying a Configured Subscription

   Configured subscriptions can be modified using configuration
   operations against the top-level subtree subscription-config.

   Immediately after a subscription is successfully modified, the
   publisher sends to the existing receivers a control-plane
   notification stating the subscription has been modified (i.e.,
   subscription-modified).

   If the modification involved adding and/or removing receivers, those
   modified receivers are sent control-plane notifications, indicating
   they have been added (i.e, subscription-started to a specific
   receiver) or removed (i.e., subscription-terminated to a specific
   receiver.)

5.3.  Deleting a Configured Subscription

   Subscriptions can be deleted using configuration operations against
   the top-level subtree subscription-config.  For example, in RESTCONF:

   DELETE /subscription-config/subscription=1922 HTTP/1.1
   Host: example.com

   HTTP/1.1 204 No Content
   Date: Sun, 24 Jul 2016 11:23:40 GMT
   Server: example-server


               Figure 5: Deleting a configured subscription

   Immediately after a subscription is successfully deleted, the
   publisher sends to all receivers a control-plane notification stating
   the subscription has been terminated (subscription-terminated).



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6.  Event (Data Plane) Notifications

   Once a subscription has been set up, the publisher streams
   (asynchronously) the event notifications per the terms of the
   subscription.  We refer to these as data plane notifications.  For
   dynamic subscriptions set up via RPC operations, event notifications
   are sent over the session used to create or establish the
   subscription.  For configured subscriptions, event notifications are
   sent over the specified connections.

   An event notification is sent to the receiver(s) when an event of
   interest (i.e., meeting the specified filtering criteria) has
   occurred.  An event notification is a complete and well-formed XML
   document.  Note that <notification> is not a Remote Procedure Call
   (RPC) method but rather the top-level element identifying the one-way
   message as a notification.  Note that event notifications never
   trigger responses.

   The event notification always includes an <eventTime> element.  It is
   the time the event was generated by the event source.  This parameter
   is of type dateTime and compliant to [RFC3339].  Implementations must
   support time zones.

   The event notifications must also include the subscription-id if the
   establish-subscription was used in its establishment, or if it was
   configured via an operational interface.

   The event notification also contains notification-specific tagged
   content, if any.

   The following is an example of an event notification from [RFC7950]:

   notification link-failure {
     description "A link failure has been detected";
       leaf if-name {
         type leafref {
           path "/interface/name";
         }
       }
       leaf if-admin-status {
         type admin-status;
       }
       leaf if-oper-status {
         type oper-status;
       }
   }

             Figure 6: Definition of a data plane notification



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   <notification
          xmlns=" urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:notification:1.0">
       <eventTime>2007-09-01T10:00:00Z</eventTime>
       <link-failure xmlns="http://acme.example.com/system">
           <if-name>so-1/2/3.0</if-name>
           <if-admin-status>up</if-admin-status>
           <if-oper-status>down</if-oper-status>
       </link-failure>
   </notification>

                     Figure 7: Data plane notification

   The equivalent using json encoding would be

   <notification
          xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:notification:1.0">
       <eventTime>2007-09-01T10:00:00Z</eventTime>
       <notification-contents-json>
          {
             "acme-system:link-failure": {
               "if-name": "so-1/2/3.0",
               "if-admin-status": "up",
               "if-oper-status": "down "
             }
           }
       </notification-contents-json>
    </notification>

           Figure 8: Data plane notification using JSON encoding

7.  Control Plane Notifications

   In addition to data plane notifications, a publisher may send control
   plane notifications to indicate to receivers that an event related to
   the subscription management has occurred.

   Control plane notifications are unlike other notifications in that
   they are not general-purpose notifications.  They cannot be filtered
   out, and they are delivered only to the receiver of a subscription.
   The definition of control plane notifications is distinct from other
   notifications by making use of a YANG extension tagging them as
   control plane notification.

   Control plane notifications include indications that a replay of
   notifications has been completed, that a subscription is done sending
   notifications because an end time has been reached, and that a
   subscription has started, been modified, been terminated, or been
   suspended.  They are described in the following subsections.



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7.1.  replayComplete

   This notification is originally defined in [RFC5277].  It is sent to
   indicate that all of the replay notifications have been sent.  This
   notification must not be sent for any other reason.

   In the case of a subscription without a stop time or a stop time
   which has not been reached, after the <replayComplete> notification
   has been sent, it can be expected that any notifications generated
   since the start of the subscription creation will be sent, followed
   by notifications in sequence as they arise naturally within the
   system.

7.2.  notificationComplete

   This notification is originally defined in [RFC5277].  It is sent to
   indicate that a subscription, which includes a stop time, has
   finished passing events.

7.3.  subscription-started

   This notification indicates that a configured subscription has
   started and data updates are beginning to be sent.  This notification
   includes the parameters of the subscription, except for the
   receiver(s) addressing information and push-source information.  Note
   that for RPC-based subscriptions, no such notifications are sent.

7.4.  subscription-modified

   This notification indicates that a configured subscription has been
   modified successfully.  This notification includes the parameters of
   the subscription, except for the receiver(s) addressing information
   and push-source information.  Note that for RPC-based subscriptions,
   no such notifications are sent.

7.5.  subscription-terminated

   This notification indicates that a subscription has been terminated
   by the publisher.  The notification includes the reason for the
   termination.  The publisher may decide to terminate a subscription
   when it is running out of resources for serving it, an internal error
   occurs, etc.  Publisher-driven terminations are notified to all
   receivers.  The management plane can also terminate configured
   subscriptions using configuration operations.

   Subscribers can terminate via RPC subscriptions established via RPC.
   In such cases, no subscription-terminated notifications are sent.




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7.6.  subscription-suspended

   This notification indicates that a publisher has suspended a
   subscription.  The notification includes the reason for the
   suspension.  A possible reason is the lack of resources to serve it.
   No further data plane notifications will be sent until the
   subscription resumes.  Suspensions are notified to the subscriber (in
   the case of dynamic subscriptions) and all receivers (in the case of
   configured subscriptions).

7.7.  subscription-resumed

   This notification indicates that a previously suspended dubscription
   has been resumed.  Data plane notifications generated in the future
   will be sent after the subscription terms.  Resumptions are notified
   to the subscriber (in the case of dynamic subscriptions) and all
   receivers (in the case of configured subscriptions).

8.  Data Model for Event Notifications

   <CODE BEGINS> file "ietf-event-notifications@2016-10-27.yang"
   module ietf-event-notifications {
     namespace
       "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-event-notifications";

     prefix notif-bis;

     import ietf-yang-types {
       prefix yang;
     }
     import ietf-inet-types {
       prefix inet;
     }
     import ietf-interfaces {
       prefix if;
     }

     organization "IETF";
     contact
       "WG Web:   &lt;http://tools.ietf.org/wg/netconf/&gt;
        WG List:  &lt;mailto:netconf@ietf.org&gt;

        WG Chair: Mahesh Jethanandani
                  &lt;mailto:mjethanandani@gmail.com&gt;

        WG Chair: Mehmet Ersue
                  &lt;mailto:mehmet.ersue@nokia.com&gt;




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        Editor:   Alexander Clemm
                  &lt;mailto:alex@sympotech.com&gt;

        Editor:   Alberto Gonzalez Prieto
                  &lt;mailto:albertgo@cisco.com&gt;

        Editor:   Eric Voit
                  &lt;mailto:evoit@cisco.com&gt;

        Editor:   Einar Nilsen-Nygaard
                  &lt;mailto:einarnn@cisco.com&gt;

        Editor:   Ambika Prasad Tripathy
                  &lt;mailto:ambtripa@cisco.com&gt;

        Editor:   Sharon Chisholm
                  &lt;mailto:schishol@ciena.com&gt;

        Editor:   Hector Trevino
                  &lt;mailto:htrevino@cisco.com";

     description
       "This module contains conceptual YANG specifications
        for NETCONF Event Notifications.";

     revision 2016-10-27 {
       description
         "Tweaks to remove two notifications,
             RPC for create subscription refined with stream default,
             new grouping to eliminate some dymanically modifiable
             parameters in modifiy subscription RPC";
       reference
         "draft-ietf-netconf-rfc5277bis-01";
     }


     /*
      * FEATURES
      */

     feature json {
       description
         "This feature indicates that JSON encoding of notifications
          is supported.";
     }

     feature configured-subscriptions {
       description



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         "This feature indicates that management plane configuration
          of subscription is supported.";
     }

     /*
      * EXTENSIONS
      */

     extension control-plane-notif {
       description
         "This statement applies only to notifications.
          It indicates that the notification is a control-plane
          notification (aka OAM notification). Therefore it does
          not participate in a regular event stream and does not
          need to be specifically subscribed to.";
     }

     /*
      * IDENTITIES
      */

      /* Identities for streams */
      identity stream {
       description
         "Base identity to represent a generic stream of event
          notifications.";
     }

     identity NETCONF {
       base stream;
       description
         "Default NETCONF event stream, containing events based on
          notifications defined as YANG modules that are supported
          by the system.";
     }

     /* Identities for subscription results */
     identity subscription-result {
       description
         "Base identity for RPC responses to requests surrounding
          management (e.g. creation, modification, deletion) of
          subscriptions.";
     }

     identity ok {
       base subscription-result;
       description
         "OK - RPC was successful and was performed as requested.";



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     }

     identity error {
       base subscription-result;
       description
         "RPC was not successful.
          Base identity for error return codes.";
     }

     identity error-no-such-subscription {
       base error;
       description
         "A subscription with the requested subscription ID
          does not exist.";
     }

     identity error-no-such-option {
       base error;
       description
         "A requested parameter setting is not supported.";
     }

     identity error-insufficient-resources {
       base error;
       description
         "The publisher has insufficient resources to support the
          subscription as requested.";
     }

     identity error-configured-subscription {
       base error;
       description
         "Cannot apply RPC to a configured subscription, i.e.
          to a subscription that was not established via RPC.";
     }

     identity error-other {
       base error;
       description
         "An unspecified error has occurred (catch all).";
     }

     /* Identities for subscription stream status */
     identity subscription-stream-status {
       description
         "Base identity for the status of subscriptions and
          datastreams.";
     }



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     identity active {
       base subscription-stream-status;
       description
         "Status is active and healthy.";
     }

     identity inactive {
       base subscription-stream-status;
       description
         "Status is inactive, for example outside the
          interval between start time and stop time.";
     }

     identity suspended {
       base subscription-stream-status;
       description
         "The status is suspended, meaning that the publisher
          is currently unable to provide the negotiated updates
          for the subscription.";
     }

     identity in-error {
       base subscription-stream-status;
       description
         "The status is in error or degraded, meaning that
          stream and/or subscription is currently unable to provide
          the negotiated notifications.";
     }

     /* Identities for subscription errors */
     identity subscription-errors {
       description
         "Base identity for subscription error status.
          This identity is not to be confused with error return
          codes for RPCs";
     }

     identity internal-error {
       base subscription-errors;
       description
         "Subscription failures caused by server internal error.";
     }

     identity no-resources {
       base subscription-errors;
       description
         "Lack of resources, e.g. CPU, memory, bandwidth";
     }



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     identity subscription-deleted {
       base subscription-errors;
       description
         "The subscription was terminated because the subscription
          was deleted.";
     }

     identity other {
       base subscription-errors;
       description
         "Fallback reason - any other reason";
     }

     /* Identities for encodings */
     identity encodings {
       description
         "Base identity to represent data encodings";
     }

     identity encode-xml {
       base encodings;
       description
         "Encode data using XML";
     }

     identity encode-json {
       base encodings;
       description
         "Encode data using JSON";
     }

     /* Identities for transports */
     identity transport {
       description
         "An identity that represents a transport protocol for
          event notifications";
     }

     identity netconf {
       base transport;
       description
         "Netconf notifications as a transport.";
     }

     /*
      * TYPEDEFs
      */




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     typedef subscription-id {
       type uint32;
       description
         "A type for subscription identifiers.";
     }

     typedef filter-id {
       type uint32;
       description
         "A type to identify filters which can be associated with a
          subscription.";
     }

     typedef subscription-result {
       type identityref {
         base subscription-result;
       }
       description
         "The result of a subscription operation";
     }

     typedef subscription-term-reason {
       type identityref {
         base subscription-errors;
       }
       description
         "Reason for a publisher to terminate a subscription.";
     }

     typedef subscription-susp-reason {
       type identityref {
         base subscription-errors;
       }
       description
         "Reason for a publisher to suspend a subscription.";
     }

     typedef encoding {
       type identityref {
         base encodings;
       }
       description
         "Specifies a data encoding, e.g. for a data subscription.";
     }

     typedef subscription-status {
       type identityref {
         base subscription-stream-status;



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       }
       description
         "Specifies the status of a subscription or datastream.";
     }

     typedef transport-protocol {
       type identityref {
         base transport;
       }
       description
         "Specifies transport protocol used to send notifications to a
          receiver.";
     }

     typedef push-source {
       type enumeration {
         enum "interface-originated" {
           description
             "Notifications will be sent from a specific interface on
              a publisher";
         }
         enum "address-originated" {
           description
             "Notifications will be sent from a specific address on a
              publisher";
         }
       }
       description
         "Specifies from where notifications will be sourced when
          being sent by the publisher.";
     }

     typedef stream {
       type identityref {
         base stream;
       }
       description
         "Specifies a system-provided datastream.";
     }

     typedef filter-ref {
       type leafref {
         path "/notif-bis:filters/notif-bis:filter/notif-bis:filter-id";
       }
       description
         "This type is used to reference a filter.";
     }




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     /*
      * GROUPINGS
      */

     grouping base-filter {
       description
         "This grouping defines the base for filters for
          notification events.
          It includes the filter defined in 5277 and
          it enables extending filtering to other
          types of filters";
       choice filter-type {
         description
           "A filter needs to be a single filter of a given type.
            Mixing and matching of multiple filters does not occur
            at the level of this grouping.";
         case rfc5277 {
           anyxml filter {
             description
               "Filter per RFC 5277. Notification filter.
               If a filter element is specified to look for data of a
               particular value, and the data item is not present
               within a particular event notification for its value to
               be checked against, the notification will be filtered
               out. For example, if one were to check for
               'severity=critical' in a configuration event
               notification where this field was not supported, then
               the notification would be filtered out. For subtree
               filtering, a non-empty node set means that the filter
               matches.  For XPath filtering, the mechanisms defined
               in [XPATH] should be used to convert the returned
               value to boolean.";
           }
         }
       }
     }

     grouping subscription-info-basic-non-modifiable {
       description
         "This grouping describes the information in a basic
          subscription request.";
       leaf stream {
         type stream;
         description
           "Indicates which stream of events is of interest.
            If not present, events in the default NETCONF stream
            will be sent.";
       }



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           leaf encoding {
         type encoding;
         default "encode-xml";
         description
           "The type of encoding for the subscribed data.
            Default is XML";
       }
     }

     grouping subscription-info-basic-modifiable {
       description
         "This grouping describes some objects which may be changed
             in a subscription via an RPC.";
       uses base-filter;
       leaf startTime {
         type yang:date-and-time;
         description
           "Used to trigger the replay feature
            and indicate that the replay should start at the time
            specified.  If <startTime> is not present, this is not a
            replay subscription.  It is not valid to specify start
            times that are later than the current time.  If the
            <startTime> specified is earlier than the log can support,
            the replay will begin with the earliest available
            notification.  This parameter is of type dateTime and
            compliant to [RFC3339].  Implementations must
            support time zones.";
       }
       leaf stopTime {
         type yang:date-and-time;
         must "current()  > ../startTime" {
           description
             "stopTime must be used with and be later than <startTime>";
         }
         description
           "Used with the optional replay feature to indicate the
            newest notifications of interest.  If <stopTime> is
            not present, the notifications will continue until the
            subscription is terminated.  Must be used with and be
            later than <startTime>.  Values of <stopTime> in the
            future are valid.  This parameter is of type dateTime and
            compliant to [RFC3339].  Implementations must support time
            zones.";
       }
     }

     grouping subscription-info-all-modifiable {
       description



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         "This grouping describes all rpc modifiable objects in a
          subscription.";
       uses subscription-info-basic-modifiable {
         augment "filter-type" {
           description
             "Post-5277 subscriptions allow references to existing
              filters";
           case by-reference {
             description
               "Incorporate a filter that has been configured
                separately.";
             leaf filter-ref {
               type filter-ref;
               description
                 "References filter which is associated with the
                  subscription.";
             }
           }
         }
       }
     }

     grouping subscription-info {
       description
         "This grouping describes information concerning a
          subscription.";
           uses subscription-info-basic-non-modifiable;
           uses subscription-info-all-modifiable;
     }

     grouping push-source-info {
       description
         "Defines the sender source from which notifications
          for a configured subscription are sent.";
       choice push-source {
         description
           "Identifies the egress interface on the Publisher from
            which notifications will or are being sent.";
         case interface-originated {
           description
             "When the push source is out of an interface on the
              Publisher established via static configuration.";
           leaf source-interface {
             type if:interface-ref;
             description
               "References the interface for notifications.";
           }
         }



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         case address-originated {
           description
             "When the push source is out of an IP address on the
              Publisher established via static configuration.";
           leaf source-vrf {
             type uint32 {
               range "16..1048574";
             }
             description
               "Label of the vrf.";
           }
           leaf source-address {
             type inet:ip-address-no-zone;
             mandatory true;
             description
               "The source address for the notifications.";
           }
         }
       }
     }

     grouping receiver-info {
       description
         "Defines where and how to deliver notifications for a
          configured subscription.  This includes
          specifying the receiver, as well as defining
          any network and transport aspects when sending of
          notifications occurs outside of Netconf.";
       container receivers {
         description
           "Set of receivers in a subscription.";
         list receiver {
           key "address";
           min-elements 1;
           description
             "A single host or multipoint address intended as a target
              for the notifications for a subscription.";
           leaf address {
             type inet:host;
             mandatory true;
             description
               "Specifies the address for the traffic to reach a
                remote host. One of the following must be
                specified: an ipv4 address, an ipv6 address,
                or a host name.";
           }
           leaf port {
             type inet:port-number;



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             mandatory true;
             description
               "This leaf specifies the port number to use for
                messages destined for a receiver.";
           }
           leaf protocol {
             type transport-protocol;
             default "netconf";
             description
               "This leaf specifies the transport protocol used
                to deliver messages destined for the receiver.";
           }
         }
       }
     }

     grouping subscription-response {
       description
         "Defines the output to the rpc's establish-subscription
          and modify-subscription.";
       leaf subscription-result {
         type subscription-result;
         mandatory true;
         description
           "Indicates whether subscription is operational,
            or if a problem was encountered.";
       }
       choice result {
         description
           "Depending on the subscription result, different
            data is returned.";
         case success {
           description
             "This case is used when the subscription request
              was successful and a subscription was created/modified
              as a result";
           leaf subscription-id {
             type subscription-id;
             mandatory true;
             description
               "Identifier used for this subscription.";
           }
         }
         case no-success {
           description
             "This case applies when a subscription request
              was not successful and no subscription was
              created (or modified) as a result.  In this case,



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              information MAY be returned that indicates
              suggested parameter settings that would have a
              high likelihood of succeeding in a subsequent
              establish-subscription or modify-subscription
              request.";
           uses subscription-info;
         }
       }
     }

     /*
      * RPCs
      */

     rpc establish-subscription {
       description
         "This RPC allows a subscriber to create
          (and possibly negotiate) a subscription on its own behalf.
          If successful, the subscription
          remains in effect for the duration of the subscriber's
          association with the publisher, or until the subscription
          is terminated by virtue of a delete-subscription request.
          In case an error (as indicated by subscription-result)
          is returned, the subscription is
          not created.  In that case, the RPC output
          MAY include suggested parameter settings
          that would have a high likelihood of succeeding in a
          subsequent establish-subscription request.";
       input {
         uses subscription-info;
       }
       output {
         uses subscription-response;
       }
     }

     rpc create-subscription {
       description
         "This operation initiates an event notification subscription
          that will send asynchronous event notifications to the
          initiator of the command until the association terminates.
          It is not possible to modify or delete a subscription
          that was created using this operation.  It is included for
          reasons of backward compatibility with RFC 5277
          implementations.";
       input {
         uses subscription-info-basic-non-modifiable{
               refine "stream" {



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                      default "NETCONF";
                   }
             }
             uses subscription-info-basic-modifiable;
           }
     }

     rpc modify-subscription {
       description
         "This RPC allows a subscriber to modify a subscription
          that was previously created using establish-subscription.
          If successful, the subscription
          remains in effect for the duration of the subscriber's
          association with the publisher, or until the subscription
          is terminated by virtue of a delete-subscription request.
          In case an error is returned (as indicated by
          subscription-result), the subscription is
          not modified and the original subscription parameters
          remain in effect.  In that case, the rpc error response
          MAY include suggested parameter settings
          that would have a high likelihood of succeeding in a
          subsequent modify-subscription request.";
       input {
         leaf subscription-id {
           type subscription-id;
           description
             "Identifier to use for this subscription.";
         }
         uses subscription-info-all-modifiable;
       }
       output {
         uses subscription-response;
       }
     }

     rpc delete-subscription {
       description
         "This RPC allows a subscriber to delete a subscription that
          was previously created using establish-subscription.";
       input {
         leaf subscription-id {
           type subscription-id;
           mandatory true;
           description
             "Identifier of the subscription that is to be deleted.
              Only subscriptions that were created using
              establish-subscription can be deleted via this RPC.";
         }



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       }
       output {
         leaf subscription-result {
           type subscription-result;
           mandatory true;
           description
             "Indicates whether subscription is operational,
              or if a problem was encountered.";
         }
       }
     }


     /*
      * NOTIFICATIONS
      */

     notification replay-complete {
       notif-bis:control-plane-notif;
       description
         "This notification is sent to indicate that all of the
          replay notifications have been sent. It must not be
          sent for any other reason.";
       leaf subscription-id {
         type subscription-id;
         mandatory true;
         description
           "This references the affected subscription.";
       }
     }

     notification notification-complete {
       notif-bis:control-plane-notif;
       description
         "This notification is sent to indicate that a
          subscription, which includes a stop time, has
          finished passing events.";
       leaf subscription-id {
         type subscription-id;
         mandatory true;
         description
           "This references the affected subscription.";
       }
     }

     notification subscription-started {
       notif-bis:control-plane-notif;
       description



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         "This notification indicates that a subscription has
          started and notifications are beginning to be sent.
          This notification shall only be sent to receivers
          of a subscription; it does not constitute a general-purpose
          notification.";
       leaf subscription-id {
         type subscription-id;
         mandatory true;
         description
           "This references the affected subscription.";
       }
       uses subscription-info;
     }

     notification subscription-suspended {
       notif-bis:control-plane-notif;
       description
         "This notification indicates that a suspension of the
          subscription by the publisher has occurred.  No further
          notifications will be sent until subscription
          resumes.
          This notification shall only be sent to receivers
          of a subscription; it does not constitute a general-purpose
          notification.";
       leaf subscription-id {
         type subscription-id;
         mandatory true;
         description
           "This references the affected subscription.";
       }
       leaf reason {
         type subscription-susp-reason;
         description
           "Provides a reason for why the subscription was
            suspended.";
       }
     }

     notification subscription-resumed {
       notif-bis:control-plane-notif;
       description
         "This notification indicates that a subscription that had
          previously been suspended has resumed. Notifications
          will once again be sent.";
       leaf subscription-id {
         type subscription-id;
         mandatory true;
         description



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           "This references the affected subscription.";
       }
     }

     notification subscription-modified {
       notif-bis:control-plane-notif;
       description
         "This notification indicates that a subscription has
          been modified.  Notifications sent from this point
          on will conform to the modified terms of the
          subscription.";
       leaf subscription-id {
         type subscription-id;
         mandatory true;
         description
           "This references the affected subscription.";
       }
       uses subscription-info;
     }

     notification subscription-terminated {
       notif-bis:control-plane-notif;
       description
         "This notification indicates that a subscription has been
          terminated.";
       leaf subscription-id {
         type subscription-id;
         mandatory true;
         description
           "This references the affected subscription.";
       }
       leaf reason {
         type subscription-term-reason;
         description
           "Provides a reason for why the subscription was
            terminated.";
       }
     }


     /*
      * DATA NODES
      */

     container streams {
       config false;
       description
         "This container contains a leaf list of built-in



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          streams that are provided by the system.";
       leaf-list stream {
         type stream;
         description
           "Identifies the built-in streams that are supported by the
            system.  Built-in streams are associated with their own
            identities, each of which carries a special semantics.
            In case configurable custom streams are supported,
            as indicated by the custom-stream identity, the
            configuration of those custom streams is provided
                    separately.";
       }
     }
     container filters {
       description
         "This container contains a list of configurable filters
          that can be applied to subscriptions.  This facilitates
          the reuse of complex filters once defined.";
       list filter {
         key "filter-id";
         description
           "A list of configurable filters that can be applied to
            subscriptions.";
         leaf filter-id {
           type filter-id;
           description
             "An identifier to differentiate between filters.";
         }
         uses base-filter;
       }
     }
     container subscription-config {
       if-feature "configured-subscriptions";
       description
         "Contains the list of subscriptions that are configured,
          as opposed to established via RPC or other means.";
       list subscription {
         key "subscription-id";
         description
           "Content of a subscription.";
         leaf subscription-id {
           type subscription-id;
           description
             "Identifier to use for this subscription.";
         }
         uses subscription-info;
         uses receiver-info {
           if-feature "configured-subscriptions";



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         }
         uses push-source-info {
           if-feature "configured-subscriptions";
         }
       }
     }
     container subscriptions {
       config false;
       description
         "Contains the list of currently active subscriptions,
          i.e. subscriptions that are currently in effect,
          used for subscription management and monitoring purposes.
          This includes subscriptions that have been setup via RPC
          primitives, e.g. create-subscription, establish-
          subscription, and modify-subscription, as well as
          subscriptions that have been established via
              configuration.";
       list subscription {
         key "subscription-id";
         config false;
         description
           "Content of a subscription.
            Subscriptions can be created using a control channel
            or RPC, or be established through configuration.";
         leaf subscription-id {
           type subscription-id;
           description
             "Identifier of this subscription.";
         }

         leaf configured-subscription {
          if-feature "configured-subscriptions";
          type empty;
          description
            "The presence of this leaf indicates that the
             subscription originated from configuration, not
             through a control channel or RPC.";
         }

         leaf subscription-status {
           type subscription-status;
           description
             "The status of the subscription.";
         }
         uses subscription-info;
         uses receiver-info {
           if-feature "configured-subscriptions";
         }



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         uses push-source-info {
           if-feature "configured-subscriptions";
         }
       }
     }
   }
   <CODE ENDS>

9.  Backwards Compatibility

   Capabilities are advertised in messages sent by each peer during
   session establishment [RFC6241].  Publishers supporting the features
   in this document must advertise both capabilities
   "urn:ietf:params:netconf:capability:notification:1.0" and
   "urn:ietf:params:netconf:capability:notification:1.1".

   An example of a hello message by a publisher during session
   establishment would be:

   <hello xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0">
       <capabilities>
           <capability>
               urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0
           </capability>
           <capability>
               urn:ietf:params:netconf:capability:startup:1.0
           </capability>
           <capability>
               urn:ietf:params:netconf:capability:notification:1.0
           </capability>
           <capability>
               urn:ietf:params:netconf:capability:notification:1.1
           </capability>
       </capabilities>
       <session-id>4</session-id>
   </hello>

                          Figure 9: Hello message

   Subscribers that only support [RFC5277] recognize capability
   "urn:ietf:params:netconf:capability:notification:1.0" and ignore
   capability "urn:ietf:params:netconf:capability:notification:1.1".
   This allows them interacting with the publisher as per [RFC5277].
   Subscribers that support the features in this document recognize both
   capabilities.  This allows them interacting with the publisher as per
   this document.





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   Note that to support backwards compatibility, the yang models in this
   document include two types of naming conventions.  That used in
   [RFC5277], e.g., replayComplete; and that commonly used in yang
   models, e.g., subscription-started.

10.  Security Considerations

   The <notification> elements are never sent before the transport
   layer, including capabilities exchange, has been established and the
   manager has been securely established.

   A secure transport is highly recommended and the publisher must
   ensure that the user has sufficient authorization to perform the
   function they are requesting against the specific subset of content
   involved.  When a <get> is received that refers to the content
   defined in this memo, clients should only be able to view the content
   for which they have sufficient privileges.  <create-subscription> and
   <establish-subscription> operations can be considered like deferred
   <get>, and the content that different users can access may vary.
   This different access is reflected in the <notificationt> to which
   different users are able to subscribe.

   The contents of notifications, as well as the names of event streams,
   may contain sensitive information and care should be taken to ensure
   that they are viewed only by authorized users.  The publisher MUST
   NOT include any content in a notification that the user is not
   authorized to view.

   If a malicious or buggy subscriber sends a number of <create-
   subscription> requests, then these subscriptions accumulate and may
   use up system resources.  In such a situation, subscriptions can be
   terminated by terminating the suspect underlying NETCONF sessions
   using the <kill-session> operation.  If the subscriber uses
   <establish-subscription>, the publisher can also suspend or terminate
   subscriptions with per-subscription granularity.

   A subscription could be configured on another receiver's behalf, with
   the goal of flooding that receiver with updates.  One or more
   publishers could be used to overwhelm a receiver, which doesn't even
   support subscriptions.  Subscribers that do not want pushed data need
   only terminate or refuse any transport sessions from the publisher.
   In addition, the NETCONF Authorization Control Model [RFC6536] SHOULD
   be used to control and restrict authorization of subscription
   configuration.  This control models permits specifying per-user
   permissions to receive specific event notification types.  The
   permissions are specified as a set of access control rules.





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   Note that streams can define additional authorization requirements.
   For instance, in [I-D.ietf-netconf-yang-push], each of the elements
   in its data plane notifications must also go through access control.

11.  Acknowledgments

   For their valuable comments, discussions, and feedback, we wish to
   acknowledge Andy Bierman, Yang Geng, Peipei Guo, Susan Hares, Tim
   Jenkins, Balazs Lengyel, Kent Watsen, Michael Scharf, and Guangying
   Zheng.

12.  References

12.1.  Normative References

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

   [RFC3339]  Klyne, G. and C. Newman, "Date and Time on the Internet:
              Timestamps", RFC 3339, DOI 10.17487/RFC3339, July 2002,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3339>.

   [RFC5277]  Chisholm, S. and H. Trevino, "NETCONF Event
              Notifications", RFC 5277, DOI 10.17487/RFC5277, July 2008,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5277>.

   [RFC6241]  Enns, R., Ed., Bjorklund, M., Ed., Schoenwaelder, J., Ed.,
              and A. Bierman, Ed., "Network Configuration Protocol
              (NETCONF)", RFC 6241, DOI 10.17487/RFC6241, June 2011,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6241>.

   [RFC6536]  Bierman, A. and M. Bjorklund, "Network Configuration
              Protocol (NETCONF) Access Control Model", RFC 6536,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC6536, March 2012,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6536>.

   [RFC7950]  Bjorklund, M., "The YANG 1.1 Data Modeling Language",
              RFC 7950, August 2016.

12.2.  Informative References









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   [I-D.ietf-netconf-netconf-event-notif]
              Gonzalez Prieto, Alberto., Clemm, Alexander., Voit, Eric.,
              Nilsen-Nygaard, E., Tripathy, A., Chisholm, S., and H.
              Trevino, "NETCONF support for event notifications", August
              2016, <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-
              netconf-netconf-event-notifications/>.

   [I-D.ietf-netconf-restconf]
              Bierman, A., Bjorklund, M., and K. Watsen, "RESTCONF
              Protocol", I-D draft-ietf-netconf-restconf-17, September
              2016.

   [I-D.ietf-netconf-restconf-notif]
              Voit, Eric., Clemm, Alexander., Tripathy, A., Nilsen-
              Nygaard, E., and Alberto. Gonzalez Prieto, "Restconf and
              HTTP transport for event notifications", August 2016,
              <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-netconf-
              restconf-notif/>.

   [I-D.ietf-netconf-yang-push]
              Clemm, Alexander., Gonzalez Prieto, Alberto., Voit, Eric.,
              Tripathy, A., and E. Nilsen-Nygaard, "Subscribing to YANG
              datastore push updates", June 2016,
              <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-netconf-yang-
              push/>.

Appendix A.  Issues that are currently being worked and resolved

   (To be removed by RFC editor prior to publication)

A.1.  Unresolved and yet-to-be addressed issues

   EN1 - Definition of basic set of Stream types.  What streams are
   provided and what do they contain (includes default 5277 stream).

   EN2 - Clarify interplay between filter definitions and different
   streams.  Includes information in subtrees of event payloads.

   EN3 - Mechanisms for diagnostics, e.g. deal with dropped updates,
   monitoring when they occur, etc

A.2.  Agreement in principal

   EN4 - How to allow for seamless integration with non-standard
   encodings and transports (like GPB/GRPC).  Specify requirements
   encoding and transport must meet, provide examples.





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   EN7 - Detecting loss of a sequential update notification, and
   mechanisms to resend.  Implications to transports must be thought
   through.

   EN6 - Stream discovery.  Allow to discover additional stream
   properties.

   EN12 - Test-only option for a subscription is desired.  But it still
   needs to be defined.

   EN14 - Ensure that Configured Subscriptions are fully defined in YANG
   model.

A.3.  Resolved Issues

   EN5 - This draft obsoletes 5277, as opposed to being in parallel with
   it

   EN8 - No mandatory transport

   EN15 - Term for Dynamic and Static Subscriptions (move to
   "Configured")

   EN9 - Multiple receivers per Configured Subscription is ok.

   EN13 - RFC6241 Subtree-filter definition in 5277bis cannot apply to
   elements of an event.  Must explicitly define how 6241 doesn't apply
   filtering within a 5277bis event.

   EN10 - Replay support will be provided for selected stream types
   (modify vs. delete)

   EN11 - Required layering security requirements/considerations will be
   added into the YANG model for Configured Subscriptions.  It will be
   up to the transport to meet these requirements.

Appendix B.  Changes between revisions

   (To be removed by RFC editor prior to publication)

   v00 - v01

   o  YANG Model changes.  New groupings for subscription info to allow
      restriction of what is changable via RPC.  Removed notifications
      for adding and removing receivers of configured subscriptions.






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   o  Expanded/renamed defintions from event server to publisher, and
      client to subscriber as applicable.  Updated the definitions to
      include and expand on RFC 5277.

   o  Removal of redundant with other drafts

   o  Many other clean-ups of wording and terminology

Authors' Addresses

   Alexander Clemm
   Sympotech

   Email: alex@sympotech.com


   Alberto Gonzalez Prieto
   Cisco Systems

   Email: albertgo@cisco.com


   Eric Voit
   Cisco Systems

   Email: evoit@cisco.com


   Einar Nilsen-Nygaard
   Cisco Systems

   Email: einarnn@cisco.com


   Ambika Prasad Tripathy
   Cisco Systems

   Email: ambtripa@cisco.com


   Sharon Chisholm
   Ciena

   Email: schishol@ciena.com







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   Hector Trevino
   Cisco Systems

   Email: htrevino@cisco.com















































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