Internet DRAFT - draft-ietf-cose-sphincs-plus
draft-ietf-cose-sphincs-plus
COSE M. Prorock
Internet-Draft mesur.io
Intended status: Standards Track O. Steele
Expires: 13 September 2023 Transmute
R. Misoczki
Google
M. Osborne
IBM
C. Cloostermans
NXP
12 March 2023
JOSE and COSE Encoding for SPHINCS+
draft-ietf-cose-sphincs-plus-00
Abstract
This document describes JSON and CBOR serializations for SPHINCS+, a
Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) signature suite.
This document does not define any new cryptography, only
seralizations of existing cryptographic systems.
This document registers key types for JOSE and COSE, specifically
HASH.
Key types in this document are specified by the cryptographic
algorithm family in use by a particular algorithm as discussed in
RFC7517.
This document registers signature algorithms types for JOSE and COSE,
specifically SPHINCS+256s and others as required for use of various
parameterizations of the SPHINCS+ post-quantum signature scheme.
Status of This Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute
working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-
Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.
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Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
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time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
This Internet-Draft will expire on 13 September 2023.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2023 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/
license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document.
Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights
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provided without warranty as described in the Revised BSD License.
Table of Contents
1. Notational Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3. SPHINCS-PLUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3.1. Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3.2. Core Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.3. Using SPHINCS-PLUS with JOSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.3.1. SPHINCS-PLUS Key Representations . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.3.2. SPHINCS-PLUS Algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.4. Using SPHINCS-PLUS with COSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4.1. Validating public keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4.2. Side channel attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4.3. Randomness considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
5. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
6. Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
6.1. Test Vectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
6.1.1. HASH SPHINCS+256s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
7. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
8. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
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1. Notational Conventions
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].
2. Terminology
The following terminology is used throughout this document:
PK : The public key for the signature scheme.
SK : The secret key for the signature scheme.
signature : The digital signature output.
message : The input to be signed by the signature scheme.
sha256 : The SHA-256 hash function defined in [RFC6234].
shake256 : The SHAKE256 hash function defined in [RFC8702].
3. SPHINCS-PLUS
This section defines core operations used by the signature scheme, as
proposed in [SPHINCS-PLUS].
3.1. Overview
This section of the document describes the hash-based signature
scheme SPHINCS+. The scheme is based on the concept of authenticating
a large number or few-time signatures keypair using a combination of
Merkle-tree signatures, a so-called hypertree. For each message to
be signed a (pseudo-)random FTS keypair is selected with which the
message can be signed. Combining this signature along with an
authentication path through the hyper-tree consisting of hash-based
many-time signatures then gives the SPHINC+ signature. The parameter
set is strategically chosen such that the probability of signing too
many messages with a specific FTS keypair to impact security is small
enough to prevent forgery attacks. A trade-off in parameter set can
be made on security guarantees, performance and signature size.
SPHINCS+ is a post-quantum approach to digital signatures that is
promises Post-Quantum Existential Unforgeability under Chosen Message
Attack (PQ-EU-CMA), while ensuring that the security levels reached
meet security needs for resistance to both classical and quantum
attacks. The algoritm itself is based on the hardness assumptions of
its underlying hash functions, which can be chosen from the set
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Haraka, SHA-256 or SHAKE256. For all security levels the only
operations required are calls to these hash functions on various
combinations of parameters and internal states.
Contrary to CRYSTALS-Dilithium and Falcon, SPHINCS+ is not based on
any algebraic structure. This reduces the possible attack surface of
the algorithm.
SPHINCS+ brings several advantages over other approaches to signature
suites:
* Post-quantum in nature - use of cryptographically secure hash
functions and other approaches that should remain hard problems
even when under an attack utilizing quantum approaches
* Minimal security assumptions - compared to other schemes does not
base its security on a new paradigm. The security is solely based
on the security of the assumptions of the underlying hash
function.
* Performance and Optimization - based on combining a great many
hash function calls of SHA-256, SHAKE256 or Haraka means existing
(secure) SW and HW implementations of those hash functions can be
re-used for increased performance
* Private and Public Key Size - compared to other post-quantum
approaches a very small key size is the form of hash inputs-
outputs. This then has the drawback that either a large signature
or low signing speed has to be accepted
* Cryptanalysis assuarance - attacks (both pre-quantum and quantum)
are easy to relate to existing attacks on hash functions. This
allows for precise quantification of the security levels
* Overlap with stateful hash-based algorithms - means there are
possibilities to combine implementions with those of XMSS and LMS.
For example, both have the same underlying hash functions and
utilize existing HW acceleration. Furthermore, an API to a XMSS
implementation can be directly used by the subroutines of Sphincs+
* Inherent resistance against side-channel attacks - since its core
primitive is a hash function, it thereby is hard to attack with
side-channels.
The primary known disadvantage to SPHINCS+ is the size signatures, or
the speed of signing, depending on the chosen parameter set.
Especially in IoT applications this might pose a problem.
Additionally hash-based schemes are also vulnerable to differential
and fault attacks.
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3.2. Core Operations
Core operations used by the signature scheme should be implemented
according to the details in [SPHINCS-PLUS]. Core operations include
key generation, sign, and verify.
3.3. Using SPHINCS-PLUS with JOSE
This sections is based on CBOR Object Signing and Encryption (COSE)
and JSON Object Signing and Encryption (JOSE)
(https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8812#section-3)
3.3.1. SPHINCS-PLUS Key Representations
A new key type (kty) value "HASH" (for keys related to the family of
algorithms that utilize hash based approaches to post-quantum
cryptography) is defined for public key algorithms that use base 64
encoded strings of the underlying binary material as private and
public keys and that support cryptographic sponge functions. It has
the following parameters:
* The parameter "kty" MUST be "HASH".
* The parameter "alg" MUST be specified, and its value MUST be one
of the values specified the below table
+==============+=====================================+
| alg | Description |
+==============+=====================================+
| SPHINCS+128s | SPHINCS+ with parameter set of 128s |
+--------------+-------------------------------------+
| SPHINCS+128f | SPHINCS+ with parameter set of 128f |
+--------------+-------------------------------------+
| SPHINCS+192s | SPHINCS+ with parameter set of 192s |
+--------------+-------------------------------------+
| SPHINCS+192f | SPHINCS+ with parameter set of 192f |
+--------------+-------------------------------------+
| SPHINCS+256s | SPHINCS+ with parameter set of 256s |
+--------------+-------------------------------------+
| SPHINCS+256f | SPHINCS+ with parameter set of 256f |
+--------------+-------------------------------------+
Table 1
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* The parameter "pset" MAY be specfied to indicate the paramter set
in use for the algorithm, but SHOULD also reflect the targeted
NIST level for the algorithm in combination with the specified
paramter set. For "alg" "HAS" one of the described parameter sets
as listed in the section SPHINCS+ Algorithms MUST be specified.
* The parameter "x" MUST be present and contain the public key
encoded using the base64url [RFC4648] encoding.
* The parameter "d" MUST be present for private keys and contain the
private key encoded using the base64url encoding. This parameter
MUST NOT be present for public keys.
When calculating JWK Thumbprints [RFC7638], the four public key
fields are included in the hash input in lexicographic order: "kty",
"alg", and "x".
When using a JWK for this algorithm, the following checks are made:
* The "kty" field MUST be present, and it MUST be "HASH" for JOSE.
* The "alg" field MUST be present, and it MUST represent the
algorith and parameter set.
* If the "key_ops" field is present, it MUST include "sign" when
creating a HASH signature.
* If the "key_ops" field is present, it MUST include "verify" when
verifying a HASH signature.
* If the JWK "use" field is present, its value MUST be "sig".
3.3.2. SPHINCS-PLUS Algorithms
In order to reduce the complexity of the key representation and
signature representations we register a unique algorithm name per
pset. This allows us to omit registering the pset term, and reduced
the likelyhood that it will be misused. These alg values are used in
both key representations and signatures.
Sphincs+ targets different security levels (128-, 192- and 256-bit
security) and tradeoffs between size and speed. For each security
level a small (s) and fast (f) parameter set is provided.
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+======+==============+==============+
| kty | alg | Paramter Set |
+======+==============+==============+
| HASH | SPHINCS+128s | 128s |
+------+--------------+--------------+
| HASH | SPHINCS+128f | 128f |
+------+--------------+--------------+
| HASH | SPHINCS+192s | 192s |
+------+--------------+--------------+
| HASH | SPHINCS+192f | 192f |
+------+--------------+--------------+
| HASH | SPHINCS+256s | 256s |
+------+--------------+--------------+
| HASH | SPHINCS+256f | 256f |
+------+--------------+--------------+
Table 2
3.4. Using SPHINCS-PLUS with COSE
The approach taken here matches the work done to support secp256k1 in
JOSE and COSE in [RFC8812].
The following tables map terms between JOSE and COSE for signatures.
+==============+=======+====================+=============+
| Name | Value | Description | Recommended |
+==============+=======+====================+=============+
| SPHINCS+128s | TBD | SPHINCS+ with | No |
| | | parameter set 128s | |
+--------------+-------+--------------------+-------------+
| SPHINCS+128f | TBD | SPHINCS+ with | No |
| | | parameter set 128f | |
+--------------+-------+--------------------+-------------+
| SPHINCS+192s | TBD | SPHINCS+ with | No |
| | | parameter set 192s | |
+--------------+-------+--------------------+-------------+
| SPHINCS+192f | TBD | SPHINCS+ with | No |
| | | parameter set 192f | |
+--------------+-------+--------------------+-------------+
| SPHINCS+256s | TBD | SPHINCS+ with | No |
| | | parameter set 256s | |
+--------------+-------+--------------------+-------------+
| SPHINCS+256f | TBD | SPHINCS+ with | No |
| | | parameter set 256f | |
+--------------+-------+--------------------+-------------+
Table 3
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The following tables map terms between JOSE and COSE for key types.
+======+=======+======================================+=============+
| Name | Value | Description | Recommended |
+======+=======+======================================+=============+
| HASH | TBD | kty for hash based | No |
| | | digital signature | |
+------+-------+--------------------------------------+-------------+
Table 4
4. Security Considerations
The following considerations SHOULD apply to all parmeter sets
described in this specification, unless otherwise noted.
Care should be taken to ensure "kty" and intended use match, the
algorithms described in this document share many properties with
other cryptographic approaches from related families that are used
for purposes other than digital signatures.
4.1. Validating public keys
All algorithms in that operate on public keys require first
validating those keys. For the sign, verify and proof schemes, the
use of KeyValidate is REQUIRED.
4.2. Side channel attacks
Implementations of the signing algorithm SHOULD protect the secret
key from side-channel attacks. Multiple best practices exist to
protect against side-channel attacks. Any implementation of the the
Sphincs+ signing algorithms SHOULD utilize the following best
practices at a minimum:
* Constant timing - the implementation should ensure that constant
time is utilized in operations
* Sequence and memory access persistance - the implemention SHOULD
execute the exact same sequence of instructions (at a machine
level) with the exact same memory access independent of which
polynomial is being operated on.
* Uniform sampling - care should be given in implementations to
preserve the property of uniform sampling in implementation and to
prevent information leakage.
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4.3. Randomness considerations
It is recommended that the all nonces are from a trusted source of
randomness.
5. IANA Considerations
The following has NOT YET been added to the "JSON Web Key Types"
registry:
* Name: "HASH"
* Description: Hash based post-quantum signature algorithm key pairs
* JOSE Implementation Requirements: Optional
* Change Controller: IESG
* Specification Document(s): Section 3.1 of this document (TBD)
The following has NOT YET been added to the "JSON Web Key Parameters"
registry:
* Parameter Name: "pset"
* Parameter Description: The parameter set of the crypto system
* Parameter Information Class: Public
* Used with "kty" Value(s): "HASH"
* Change Controller: IESG
* Specification Document(s): Section 2 of this document (TBD)
The following has NOT YET been added to the "JSON Web Key Parameters"
registry:
* Parameter Name: "d"
* Parameter Description: The private key
* Parameter Information Class: Private
* Used with "kty" Value(s): "HASH"
* Change Controller: IESG
* Specification Document(s): Section 2 of RFC 8037
The following has NOT YET been added to the "JSON Web Key Parameters"
registry:
* Parameter Name: "x"
* Parameter Description: The public key
* Parameter Information Class: Public
* Used with "kty" Value(s): "HASH"
* Change Controller: IESG
* Specification Document(s): Section 2 of RFC 8037
The following has NOT YET been added to the "JSON Web Signature and
Encryption Algorithms" registry:
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* Algorithm Name: "SPHINCS+128s"
* Algorithm Description: SPHINCS+128s signature algorithms
* Algorithm Usage Location(s): "alg"
* JOSE Implementation Requirements: Optional
* Change Controller: IESG
* Specification Document(s): Section 5.1 of this document (TBD)
* Algorithm Analysis Documents(s): (TBD)
The following has NOT YET been added to the "JSON Web Signature and
Encryption Algorithms" registry:
* Algorithm Name: "SPHINCS+128f"
* Algorithm Description: SPHINCS+128f signature algorithms
* Algorithm Usage Location(s): "alg"
* JOSE Implementation Requirements: Optional
* Change Controller: IESG
* Specification Document(s): Section 5.1 of this document (TBD)
* Algorithm Analysis Documents(s): (TBD)
The following has NOT YET been added to the "JSON Web Signature and
Encryption Algorithms" registry:
* Algorithm Name: "SPHINCS+192s"
* Algorithm Description: SPHINCS+192s signature algorithms
* Algorithm Usage Location(s): "alg"
* JOSE Implementation Requirements: Optional
* Change Controller: IESG
* Specification Document(s): Section 5.1 of this document (TBD)
* Algorithm Analysis Documents(s): (TBD)
The following has NOT YET been added to the "JSON Web Signature and
Encryption Algorithms" registry:
* Algorithm Name: "SPHINCS+192f"
* Algorithm Description: SPHINCS+192f signature algorithms
* Algorithm Usage Location(s): "alg"
* JOSE Implementation Requirements: Optional
* Change Controller: IESG
* Specification Document(s): Section 5.1 of this document (TBD)
* Algorithm Analysis Documents(s): (TBD)
The following has NOT YET been added to the "JSON Web Signature and
Encryption Algorithms" registry:
* Algorithm Name: "SPHINCS+256s"
* Algorithm Description: SPHINCS+256s signature algorithms
* Algorithm Usage Location(s): "alg"
* JOSE Implementation Requirements: Optional
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* Change Controller: IESG
* Specification Document(s): Section 5.1 of this document (TBD)
* Algorithm Analysis Documents(s): (TBD)
The following has NOT YET been added to the "JSON Web Signature and
Encryption Algorithms" registry:
* Algorithm Name: "SPHINCS+256f"
* Algorithm Description: SPHINCS+256f signature algorithms
* Algorithm Usage Location(s): "alg"
* JOSE Implementation Requirements: Optional
* Change Controller: IESG
* Specification Document(s): Section 5.1 of this document (TBD)
* Algorithm Analysis Documents(s): (TBD)
6. Appendix
* JSON Web Signature (JWS) - RFC7515 (https://tools.ietf.org/html/
rfc7515)
* JSON Web Encryption (JWE) - RFC7516 (https://tools.ietf.org/html/
rfc7516)
* JSON Web Key (JWK) - RFC7517 (https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7517)
* JSON Web Algorithms (JWA) - RFC7518 (https://tools.ietf.org/html/
rfc7518)
* JSON Web Token (JWT) - RFC7519 (https://tools.ietf.org/html/
rfc7519)
* JSON Web Key Thumbprint - RFC7638 (https://tools.ietf.org/html/
rfc7638)
* JWS Unencoded Payload Option - RFC7797
(https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7797)
* CFRG Elliptic Curve ECDH and Signatures - RFC8037
(https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8037)
* SPHINCS+ - SPHINCS-PLUS (https://sphincs.org/data/sphincs+-
round3-specification.pdf)
6.1. Test Vectors
6.1.1. HASH SPHINCS+256s
6.1.1.1. publicKeyJwk
{"kty":"HASH","alg":"SPHINCS+256s","x":"C_NSiMVMN6kpAv\
\1O21izzVkl7cN0ls-tX3xL8VeIOHWzfwmMJ37LvTLVXZQMFyXFTilBcLjcbPNqRCMXi\
\z_c1A"}
6.1.1.2. privateKeyJwk
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{"kty":"HASH","alg":"SPHINCS+256s","x":"C_NSiMVMN6kpAv\
\1O21izzVkl7cN0ls-tX3xL8VeIOHWzfwmMJ37LvTLVXZQMFyXFTilBcLjcbPNqRCMXi\
\z_c1A","d":"-gEaHimlK26FRDpf33I6BKsfT3muN8xdOyonuYSgHtEoDxDBsTe30nU\
\O8OWZrfwJxvKyVxo6HCThjbMJX9LqSQvzUojFTDepKQL9TttYs81ZJe3DdJbPrV98S_\
\FXiDh1s38JjCd-y70y1V2UDBclxU4pQXC43GzzakQjF4s_3NQ"}
6.1.1.3. jws
eyJhbGciOiJTUEhJTkNTKy1TSEFLRS0yNTZzLXJvYnVzdCJ9.OTA4NWQyYmVmNjkyODZ\
\hNmNiYjUxNjIzYzhmYTI1ODYyOTk0NWNkNTVjYTcwNWNjNGU2NjcwMDM5Njg5NGUwYw\
\.YHQAElZyZybZFn_t59KRVgl0AjA5g-Jp10exC8JGFsv8kMeyWoroy-T5ANx2lkE-cz\
\jnnGMZdyODF_-ykpLqGisuXJwaHjZtelsN9-XwzAHp7wUR7GMw3Y0YLlNWfRSSz7cq6\
\Vx9IfzmVgfc3LqG5OKJZQ0LIjliQGEoKiIm4dDZDurJgN7XJACWBFTd0Ashktv5IC_n\
\JE8DGqDOoPuqYVciWmnD9ljFZKVniEM1PcFAsuQZ66OfPsEF-0ZXSMvWyHwcznw50o6\
\RPQXlbwF0IYyOrhBitNtoKDZ3f-hJ7NleYVLbuztFxw1ewf7iEA1oxRQq6fiE2J7YWf\
\qQO67KdeH2f5jzsiwrKUqodc43emKyTlW6_ckqaYfrtSp1JN6JnoE5vbKFeGD08fCW9\
\02MvGXSJKHwj8dRi8D4-JuGwJ6u04XGj3y5sBc0VnwMAFJ7nSemX1uRzr1teFp_WhRy\
\z2u6xpMhNJudKi0aVgE2Yk3U7ae3yabwQqi5euxLCbHVYHrr5XfJHgRTuiZcHAxERMf\
\cpy6lEfHHtp6wQJWJz56mtovuhO8a-H7RWjAUnIBy-I7lokJyHbFAisR730qsVDgsEF\
\Qv6CyFEcB3zvzb0C2uPXzlKOnc8tu1hSBt4fGV1k9DOJ8Fy6YFZM780O8i0bSWdel4-\
\F4lV7ZWfYhPSfiCYI1nasM6ghQj1DhWRY1izr9NHcNxS2aQmQ4BfDtfooYIsvRidfKz\
\V8QG3p7aCoLUexS8qiQfZ86U3ROjgStSH1FZlgQ67Dj1pUifCTlqfdoxaosE8tkYD8t\
\IO-zYwZ2uGvWbqHevCbV2GGwJUmnjL5zkMh8ilNbDGaK2ZJ4s-3cu0Q-NY6e9ot-IHT\
\1whbSzWNUpvEVNd4780rRKcGRtydP-vJ8yOCqvSecWxvnJH02ib9JzymIEtUF0mkdpn\
\Wk8KzUpX79C0snMvj0KeKp3T6aK7xZK8pxbHoqFzXPD_Jl8ffUDVbQ-QQOT1aMqfQyM\
\P7vn2xLdYCgBKAch8AY_UxZR1QnnfWXV70L4GenM-xW8fo6kKrieqhb7dnId4jZyjot\
\KNaEppowLnG-nw99EH4zrR5MLOYavvQwxi2XOOfuPeq_jjZC0IgpliRIVoysR851W80\
\olsvCOFY-6dWrvSQ5bPttFnfXTDkjmOpZPDUt72F2JCjb8f_Cp15s7tFlQ0RCDYmBLX\
\UvcqOmHrbx9vqMackDoc00FOQXAkfmDSQM3DeV7FRHASBS8tHILgVGtnY8t20ZaBJ98\
\O1WVOd7bHpz0bFX9Tmx5tBqb6Vi15J-KfJtvG2iL8D8Cg5EkfaoVwA_0-tNUdKIvMuA\
\EPC3vdkXNHwWQ_4GOf0fSmNzfda2mLbjbMRFlKyOZvNw9OC11SP-fpo_m3pD70qtyUg\
\GtIs4CuQyV9-PaVelivFtuozvYgloDISDcB57oGtPr4CenMT5LZT4XpwnlFgvv0qi2-\
\-tbxiOOrvBicACQAVZ0m-H5k7mz2fKSO7_CNCKOxD3tY75Av1Mg62qdaf_BNT3ajkbH\
\jkOJx53Ua9NmX3H8AFLYdvUTraQ3NtXQ016jCTniEaPwDQingrJk7F-ITKuPD0tMGSJ\
\AZDSssmokG_BrcMQ78cxv9jB1k_vejN298uE9blH9fs7Sjssmppt3htBQQ3nQ2KVHdz\
\EmMcAh93qS909BbCVuzbm1idgzf2rQoET9I2-1840m23fP8wD8WlBTyIK0dtDM50Pth\
\rNX4CVUZBX2xTsAoweCMcQEbJF8JRpdqpPB0VdWWzOnACUStrwRBf1DhgveQ9jQuHYN\
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Prorock, et al. Expires 13 September 2023 [Page 12]
Internet-Draft jose-cose-sphincs-plus March 2023
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Prorock, et al. Expires 13 September 2023 [Page 13]
Internet-Draft jose-cose-sphincs-plus March 2023
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Prorock, et al. Expires 13 September 2023 [Page 14]
Internet-Draft jose-cose-sphincs-plus March 2023
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Prorock, et al. Expires 13 September 2023 [Page 15]
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Prorock, et al. Expires 13 September 2023 [Page 16]
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Prorock, et al. Expires 13 September 2023 [Page 17]
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Prorock, et al. Expires 13 September 2023 [Page 18]
Internet-Draft jose-cose-sphincs-plus March 2023
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Prorock, et al. Expires 13 September 2023 [Page 19]
Internet-Draft jose-cose-sphincs-plus March 2023
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Prorock, et al. Expires 13 September 2023 [Page 20]
Internet-Draft jose-cose-sphincs-plus March 2023
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Prorock, et al. Expires 13 September 2023 [Page 21]
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7. Normative References
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.
[RFC4648] Josefsson, S., "The Base16, Base32, and Base64 Data
Encodings", RFC 4648, DOI 10.17487/RFC4648, October 2006,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4648>.
[RFC7638] Jones, M. and N. Sakimura, "JSON Web Key (JWK)
Thumbprint", RFC 7638, DOI 10.17487/RFC7638, September
2015, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7638>.
Prorock, et al. Expires 13 September 2023 [Page 24]
Internet-Draft jose-cose-sphincs-plus March 2023
[RFC8702] Kampanakis, P. and Q. Dang, "Use of the SHAKE One-Way Hash
Functions in the Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS)",
RFC 8702, DOI 10.17487/RFC8702, January 2020,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8702>.
[RFC8812] Jones, M., "CBOR Object Signing and Encryption (COSE) and
JSON Object Signing and Encryption (JOSE) Registrations
for Web Authentication (WebAuthn) Algorithms", RFC 8812,
DOI 10.17487/RFC8812, August 2020,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8812>.
[SPHINCS-PLUS]
Hulsing, A., "Sphincs+ Stateless Hash-based Signatures",
2017, <https://sphincs.org>.
8. Informative References
[RFC6234] Eastlake 3rd, D. and T. Hansen, "US Secure Hash Algorithms
(SHA and SHA-based HMAC and HKDF)", RFC 6234,
DOI 10.17487/RFC6234, May 2011,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6234>.
Authors' Addresses
Michael Prorock
mesur.io
Email: mprorock@mesur.io
Orie Steele
Transmute
Email: orie@transmute.industries
Rafael Misoczki
Google
Email: rafaelmisoczki@google.com
Michael Osborne
IBM
Email: osb@zurich.ibm.com
Christine Cloostermans
NXP
Email: christine.cloostermans@nxp.com
Prorock, et al. Expires 13 September 2023 [Page 25]
