Internet DRAFT - draft-ietf-calext-caldav-attachments

draft-ietf-calext-caldav-attachments







Calendering Extensions                                          C. Daboo
Internet-Draft                                                     Apple
Intended status: Informational                               A. Quillaud
Expires: September 6, 2019                                        Oracle
                                                       K. Murchison, Ed.
                                                                FastMail
                                                           March 5, 2019


                       CalDAV Managed Attachments
                draft-ietf-calext-caldav-attachments-04

Abstract

   This specification defines an extension to the calendar access
   protocol (CalDAV) to allow attachments associated with iCalendar data
   to be stored and managed on the server.

   This specification documents existing code deployed by multiple
   vendors.  It is published as an Informational specification rather
   than Standards Track due to its noncompliance with multiple best
   current practices of HTTP.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on September 6, 2019.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2019 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of



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   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
     1.1.  Rationale for Informational Status  . . . . . . . . . . .   4
   2.  Conventions Used in This Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
   3.  Overview  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     3.1.  Requirements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
     3.2.  Discovering Support for Managed Attachments . . . . . . .   5
     3.3.  POST Request for Managing Attachments . . . . . . . . . .   5
       3.3.1.  action= Query Parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
       3.3.2.  rid= Query Parameter  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
       3.3.3.  managed-id= Query Parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
     3.4.  Adding attachments  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
     3.5.  Updating Attachments  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
     3.6.  Removing Attachments via POST . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
     3.7.  Adding Existing Managed Attachments via PUT . . . . . . .  15
     3.8.  Updating Attachments via PUT  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  15
     3.9.  Removing Attachments via PUT  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  15
     3.10. Retrieving Attachments  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  16
     3.11. Error Handling  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  16
     3.12. Additional Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  17
       3.12.1.  Quotas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  17
       3.12.2.  Access Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  17
       3.12.3.  Redirects  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  18
       3.12.4.  Processing Time  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  18
       3.12.5.  Automatic Clean-Up by Servers  . . . . . . . . . . .  18
       3.12.6.  Sending Scheduling Messages with Attachments . . . .  18
       3.12.7.  Migrating Calendar Data  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  18
   4.  Modifications to iCalendar Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  19
     4.1.  SIZE Property Parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  19
     4.2.  FILENAME Property Parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  19
     4.3.  MANAGED-ID Property Parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  20
   5.  Additional Message Header Fields  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  20
     5.1.  Cal-Managed-ID Response Header Field  . . . . . . . . . .  20
   6.  Additional WebDAV Properties  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  21
     6.1.  CALDAV:managed-attachments-server-URL property  . . . . .  21
     6.2.  CALDAV:max-attachment-size property . . . . . . . . . . .  22
     6.3.  CALDAV:max-attachments-per-resource property  . . . . . .  23
   7.  Implementation Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  23
   8.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  25
   9.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  26



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     9.1.  Parameter Registrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  26
     9.2.  Message Header Field Registrations  . . . . . . . . . . .  26
       9.2.1.  Cal-Managed-ID  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  26
   10. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  27
   11. References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  27
     11.1.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  27
     11.2.  Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  28
     11.3.  URIs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  29
   Appendix A.  Change History (To be removed by RFC Editor before
                publication) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  29
   Appendix B.  Example Involving Recurring Events . . . . . . . . .  32
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  39

1.  Introduction

   The iCalendar [RFC5545] data format is used to represent calendar
   data and is used with iCalendar Transport-independent
   Interoperability Protocol (iTIP) [RFC5546] to handle scheduling
   operations between calendar users.

   [RFC4791] defines the Calendaring Extensions to WebDAV (CalDAV),
   based on HTTP [RFC7230], for accessing calendar data stored on a
   server.

   Calendar users often want to include attachments with their calendar
   data events or tasks (for example a copy of a presentation, or the
   meeting agenda). iCalendar provides an "ATTACH" property whose value
   is either the inline Base64 encoded attachment data, or a URL
   specifying the location of the attachment data.

   Use of inline attachment data is not ideal with CalDAV because the
   data would need to be uploaded to the server each time a change to
   the calendar data is done - even minor changes such as a change to
   the summary.  Whilst a client could choose to use a URL value
   instead, the problem then becomes where and how the client discovers
   an appropriate URL to use and how it ensures that only those
   attendees listed in the event or task are able to access it.

   This specification solves this problem by having the client send the
   attachment to the server, separately from the iCalendar data, and the
   server takes care of adding appropriate "ATTACH" properties in the
   iCalendar data as well as managing access privileges.  The server can
   also provide additional information to the client about each
   attachment in the iCalendar data, such as the size and an identifier.







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1.1.  Rationale for Informational Status

   Although this extension to CalDAV has wide deployment, its design
   does not comply with some of the best current practices of HTTP,
   namely:

   o  All operations on attachments are modeled as HTTP POST operations,
      where the actual type of operation is specified using a query
      parameter, instead of using separate HTTP POST, PUT, and DELETE
      methods where appropriate.

   o  Specific query strings are hardwired into the protocol in
      violation of Section 2.4 of [RFC7320].

   Additionally, this extension misuses the Content-Disposition header
   field [RFC6266] as a request header field to convey a filename for an
   attachment rather than using an existing request header field
   suitable for that purpose, such as "Slug" (see Section 9.7 of
   [RFC5023]).

   Rather than creating interoperability problems with deployed code by
   updating the design of this extension to be compliant with best
   current practices and to allow this specification to be placed on the
   Standards Track, it was decided to simply document how existing
   implementations interoperate and to publish the document as
   Informational.

2.  Conventions Used in This Document

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
   "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP
   14 [1] [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
   capitals, as shown here.

   The notation used in this memo is the ABNF notation of [RFC5234] as
   used by iCalendar [RFC5545].  Any syntax elements shown below that
   are not explicitly defined in this specification come from iCalendar
   [RFC5545].

3.  Overview

   There are four main operations a client needs to do with attachments
   for calendar data: add, update, remove, and retrieve.  The first
   three operations are carried out by the client issuing an HTTP POST
   request on the calendar object resource to which the attachment is
   associated and specifying the appropriate "action" query parameter
   (see Section 3.3).  In the case of the remove operation, the client



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   can alternatively directly update the calendar object resource and
   remove the relevant "ATTACH" properties (see Section 3.9).  The
   retrieve operation is accomplished by simply issuing an HTTP GET
   request targeting the attachment URI specified by the calendar
   resource's "ATTACH" property (see Section 3.10).

   iCalendar data stored in a CalDAV calendar object resource can
   contain multiple components when recurrences are involved.  In such a
   situation, the client needs to be able to target a specific
   recurrence instance or multiple instances when adding or deleting
   attachments.  As a result, the POST request needs to provide a way
   for the client to specify which recurrence instances should be
   targeted for the attachment operation.  This is accomplished through
   use of additional query parameters on the POST request-URI.

3.1.  Requirements

   A server that supports the features described in this specification
   is REQUIRED to support the CalDAV "calendar-access" [RFC4791]
   features.

   In addition, such a server SHOULD support the "return=representation"
   Prefer header field [RFC7240] preference on successful HTTP PUT and
   POST requests targeting existing calendar object resources, by
   returning the new representation of that calendar resource (including
   its new ETag header field value) in the response.

3.2.  Discovering Support for Managed Attachments

   A server supporting the features described in this specification MUST
   include "calendar-managed-attachments" as a token in the DAV response
   header field (as defined in Section 10.1 of [RFC4918]) from an
   OPTIONS request on a calendar home collection.

   A server might choose to not support storing managed attachments on a
   per-recurrence instance basis (i.e., they can only be added to all
   instances as a whole).  If that is the case, the server MUST also
   include "calendar-managed-attachments-no-recurrence" as a token in
   the DAV response header field from an OPTIONS request on a calendar
   home collection.  When that field is present, clients MUST NOT
   attempt any managed attachment operations that target specific
   recurrence instances.

3.3.  POST Request for Managing Attachments

   An HTTP POST request is used to add, update, or remove attachments.
   These requests are subject to the preconditions listed in




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   Section 3.11.  The request-URI will contain various query parameters
   to specify the behavior.

3.3.1.  action= Query Parameter

   The "action" query parameter is used to identify which attachment
   operation the client is requesting.  This parameter MUST be present
   once on each POST request used to manage attachments.  One of these
   three values MUST be used:

   attachment-add  Indicates an operation that is adding an attachment
      to a calendar object resource.  See Section 3.4 for more details.

   attachment-update  Indicates an operation that is updating an
      existing attachment on a calendar object resource.  See
      Section 3.5 for more details.

   attachment-remove  Indicates an operation that is removing an
      attachment from a calendar object resource.  See Section 3.6 for
      more details.

   Example:

   https://calendar.example.com/events/1.ics?action=attachment-add

3.3.2.  rid= Query Parameter

   The "rid" query parameter is used to identify which recurrence
   instances are being targeted by the client for the attachment
   operation.  This query parameter MUST contain one or more items,
   separated by commas (0x2C).  The item values can be in one of two
   forms:

   Master instance  The value "M" (case-insensitive) refers to the
      "master" recurrence instance, i.e., the component that does not
      include a "RECURRENCE-ID" property.  This item MUST be present
      only once.

   Specific instance  A specific iCalendar instance is targeted by using
      its "RECURRENCE-ID" value as the item value.  That value MUST
      correspond to the RECURRENCE-ID value as stored in the calendar
      object resource (i.e. without any conversion to UTC).  If multiple
      items of this form are used, they MUST be unique values.  For
      example, to target a recurrence defined by property RECURRENCE-
      ID;TZID=America/Montreal:20111022T160000, the query parameter
      rid=20111022T160000 would be used.





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   If the "rid" query parameter is not present, all recurrence instances
   in the calendar object resource are targeted.

   The "rid" query parameter MUST NOT be present in the case of an
   update operation, or if the server chooses not to support per-
   recurrence instance managed attachments (see Section 3.1).

   Example (targeting the master instance and a specific overridden
   instance):

   https://calendar.example.com/events/1.ics?
     action=attachment-add&rid=M,20111022T160000

3.3.3.  managed-id= Query Parameter

   The "managed-id" query parameter is used to identify which "ATTACH"
   property is being updated or removed.  The value of this query
   parameter MUST match the "MANAGED-ID" (Section 4.3) property
   parameter value on the "ATTACH" property in the calendar object
   resource instance(s) targeted by the request.

   The "managed-id" query parameter MUST NOT be present in the case of
   an add operation.

   Example:

   https://calendar.example.com/events/1.ics?
     action=attachment-update&managed-id=aUNhbGVuZGFy

3.4.  Adding attachments

   To add an attachment to an existing calendar object resource, the
   following occurs:

   1.  The client issues a POST request targeted at the calendar object
       resource.

       A.  The request-URI will include an "action" query parameter with
           the value "attachment-add" (see Section 3.3.1).

       B.  If all recurrence instances are having an attachment added,
           the "rid" query parameter is not present in the request-URI.
           If one or more specific recurrence instances are targeted,
           then the request-URI will include a "rid" query parameter
           containing the list of instances (see Section 3.3.2).

       C.  The body of the request contains the data for the attachment.




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       D.  The client MUST include a valid Content-Type header field
           describing the media type of the attachment (as required by
           HTTP).

       E.  The client SHOULD include a Content-Disposition header field
           [RFC6266] with a "type" parameter set to "attachment", and a
           "filename" parameter that indicates the name of the
           attachment.  Note that the use of Content-Disposition as a
           request header field is nonstandard and specific to this
           protocol.

       F.  The client MAY include a Prefer header field [RFC7240] with
           the "return=representation" preference to request that the
           modified calendar object resource be returned as the body of
           a successful response to the POST request.


   2.  When the server receives the POST request it does the following:

       A.  Validates that any recurrence instances referred to via the
           "rid" query parameter are valid for the calendar object
           resource being targeted.

       B.  Stores the supplied attachment data into a resource and
           generates an appropriate URI for clients to access the
           resource.

       C.  For each affected recurrence instance in the calendar object
           resource targeted by the request, the server adds an "ATTACH"
           property, whose value is the URI of the stored attachment.
           The "ATTACH" property MUST contain a "MANAGED-ID" parameter
           whose value is a unique identifier (within the context of the
           server as a whole).  The "ATTACH" property SHOULD contain an
           "FMTTYPE" parameter whose value matches the Content-Type
           header field value from the request.  The "ATTACH" property
           SHOULD contain an "FILENAME" parameter whose value matches
           the Content-Disposition header field "filename" parameter
           value from the request, taking into account the restrictions
           expressed in Section 4.2.  The "ATTACH" property SHOULD
           include a "SIZE" parameter whose value represents the size in
           octets of the attachment.  If a specified recurrence instance
           does not have a matching component in the calendar object
           resource, then the server MUST modify the calendar object
           resource to include an overridden component with the
           appropriate "RECURRENCE-ID" property.

       D.  Upon successful creation of the attachment resource, and
           modification of the targeted calendar object resource, the



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           server MUST return an appropriate HTTP success status
           response and include a "Cal-Managed-ID" header field
           containing the "MANAGED-ID" parameter value of the newly
           created "ATTACH" property.  The client can use the "Cal-
           Managed-ID" header field value to correlate the attachment
           with "ATTACH" properties added to the calendar object
           resource.  If the client included a Prefer header field with
           the "return=representation" preference in the request, the
           server SHOULD return the modified calendar object resource as
           the body of the response.  Otherwise, the server can expect
           that the client will reload the calendar object resource with
           a subsequent GET request to refresh any local cache.

   In the following example, the client adds a new attachment to a non
   recurring event and asks the server (via the Prefer [RFC7240] header
   field) to return the modified version of that event in the response.

   >> Request <<

   POST /events/64.ics?action=attachment-add HTTP/1.1
   Host: cal.example.com
   Content-Type: text/html; charset="utf-8"
   Content-Disposition:attachment;filename=agenda.html
   Content-Length: xxxx
   Prefer: return=representation

   <html>
     <body>
       <h1>Agenda</h1>
     </body>
   </html>




















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   >> Response <<

   HTTP/1.1 201 Created
   Content-Type: text/calendar; charset="utf-8"
   Content-Length: yyyy
   Content-Location: https://cal.example.com/events/64.ics
   ETag: "123456789-000-111"
   Cal-Managed-ID: 97S

   BEGIN:VCALENDAR
   VERSION:2.0
   PRODID:-//Example Corp.//CalDAV Server//EN
   BEGIN:VEVENT
   UID:20010712T182145Z-123401@example.com
   DTSTAMP:20120201T203412Z
   DTSTART:20120714T170000Z
   DTEND:20120715T040000Z
   SUMMARY:One-off meeting
   ATTACH;MANAGED-ID=97S;FMTTYPE=text/html;SIZE=xxxx;
    FILENAME=agenda.html:https://cal.example.com/attach/64/34X22R
   END:VEVENT
   END:VCALENDAR

3.5.  Updating Attachments

   When an attachment is updated the server MUST change the associated
   "MANAGED-ID" parameter and MAY change the "ATTACH" property value.
   With this approach, clients are able to determine when an attachment
   has been updated by some other client by looking for a change to
   either the "ATTACH" property value, or the "MANAGED-ID" parameter
   value.

   To change the data of an existing managed attachment in a calendar
   object resource, the following occurs:

   1.  The client issues a POST request targeted at the calendar object
       resource.

       A.  The request-URI will include an "action" query parameter with
           the value "attachment-update" (see Section 3.3.1).

       B.  The request-URI will include a "managed-id" query parameter
           with the value matching that of the "MANAGED-ID" parameter
           for the "ATTACH" property being updated (see Section 3.3.3).

       C.  The body of the request contains the updated data for the
           attachment.




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       D.  The client MUST include a valid Content-Type header field
           describing the media type of the attachment (as required by
           HTTP).

       E.  The client SHOULD include a Content-Disposition header field
           [RFC6266] with a "type" parameter set to "attachment", and a
           "filename" parameter that indicates the name of the
           attachment.

       F.  The client MAY include a Prefer header field [RFC7240] with
           the "return=representation" preference to request that the
           modified calendar object resource be returned as the body of
           a successful response to the POST request.


   2.  When the server receives the POST request it does the following:

       A.  Validates that the "managed-id" query parameter is valid for
           the calendar object resource.

       B.  Updates the content of the attachment resource corresponding
           to that managed-id with the supplied attachment data.

       C.  For each affected recurrence instance in the calendar object
           resource targeted by the request, the server updates the
           "ATTACH" property whose "MANAGED-ID" property parameter value
           matches the "managed-id" query parameter.  The "MANAGED-ID"
           parameter value is changed to allow other clients to detect
           the update, and the property value (attachment URI) might
           also be changed.  The "ATTACH" property SHOULD contain a
           "FMTTYPE" parameter whose value matches the Content-Type
           header field value from the request - this could differ from
           the original value if the media type of the updated
           attachment is different.  The "ATTACH" property SHOULD
           contain a "FILENAME" parameter whose value matches the
           Content-Disposition header field "filename" parameter value
           from the request, taking into account the restrictions
           expressed in Section 4.2.  The "ATTACH" property SHOULD
           include a "SIZE" parameter whose value represents the size in
           octets of the updated attachment.

       D.  Upon successful update of the attachment resource, and
           modification of the targeted calendar object resource, the
           server MUST return an appropriate HTTP success status
           response, and include a "Cal-Managed-ID" header field
           containing the new value of the "MANAGED-ID" parameter.  The
           client can use the "Cal-Managed-ID" header field value to
           correlate the attachment with "ATTACH" properties added to



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           the calendar object resource.  If the client included a
           Prefer header field with the "return=representation"
           preference in the request, the server SHOULD return the
           modified calendar object resource as the body of the
           response.  Otherwise, the server can expect that the client
           will reload the calendar object resource with a subsequent
           GET request to refresh any local cache.

   The update operation does not take a "rid" parameter and does not
   add, or remove, any "ATTACH" property in the targeted calendar object
   resource.  To link an existing attachment to a new instance, the
   client simply does a PUT on the calendar object resource, adding an
   "ATTACH" property which duplicates the existing one (see
   Section 3.7).

   In the following example, the client updates an existing attachment
   and asks the server (via the Prefer [RFC7240] header field) to return
   the updated version of that event in the response.

   >> Request <<

   POST /events/64.ics?action=attachment-update&managed-id=97S HTTP/1.1
   Host: cal.example.com
   Content-Type: text/html; charset="utf-8"
   Content-Disposition:attachment;filename=agenda.html
   Content-Length: xxxx
   Prefer: return=representation

   <html>
     <body>
       <h1>Agenda</h1>
       <p>Discuss attachment draft</p>
     </body>
   </html>

















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   >> Response <<

   HTTP/1.1 200 OK
   Content-Type: text/calendar; charset="utf-8"
   Content-Length: yyyz
   Content-Location: https://cal.example.com/events/64.ics
   Cal-Managed-ID: 98S
   ETag: "123456789-000-222"

   BEGIN:VCALENDAR
   VERSION:2.0
   PRODID:-//Example Corp.//CalDAV Server//EN
   BEGIN:VEVENT
   UID:20010712T182145Z-123401@example.com
   DTSTAMP:20120201T203412Z
   DTSTART:20120714T170000Z
   DTEND:20120715T040000Z
   SUMMARY:One-off meeting
   ATTACH;MANAGED-ID=98S;FMTTYPE=text/html;SIZE=xxxy;
    FILENAME=agenda.html:https://cal.example.com/attach/64/34X22R
   END:VEVENT
   END:VCALENDAR

3.6.  Removing Attachments via POST

   To remove an existing attachment from a calendar object, the
   following occurs:

   1.  The client issues a POST request targeted at the calendar object
       resource.

       A.  The request-URI will include an "action" query parameter with
           the value "attachment-remove" (see Section 3.3.1).

       B.  If all recurrence instances are having an attachment removed,
           the "rid" query parameter is not present in the request-URI.
           If one or more specific recurrence instances are targeted,
           then the request-URI will include a "rid" query parameter
           containing the list of instances (see Section 3.3.2).

       C.  The request-URI will include a "managed-id" query parameter
           with the value matching that of the "MANAGED-ID" property
           parameter for the "ATTACH" property being removed (see
           Section 3.3.3).

       D.  The body of the request will be empty.





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       E.  The client MAY include a Prefer header field [RFC7240] with
           the "return=representation" preference to request that the
           modified calendar object resource be returned as the body of
           a successful response to the POST request.


   2.  When the server receives the POST request it does the following:

       A.  Validates that any recurrence instances referred to via the
           "rid" query parameter are valid for the calendar object
           resource being targeted.

       B.  Validates that the "managed-id" query parameter is valid for
           the calendar object resource and specific instances being
           targeted.

       C.  For each affected recurrence instance in the calendar object
           resource targeted by the request, the server removes the
           matching "ATTACH" property.  Note that if a specified
           recurrence instance does not have a matching component in the
           calendar object resource, then the server MUST modify the
           calendar object resource to include an overridden component
           with the appropriate "RECURRENCE-ID" property, and the
           matching "ATTACH" property removed.  This later case is
           actually valid only if the master component does include the
           referenced "ATTACH" property.

       D.  If the attachment resource is no longer referenced by any
           instance of the calendar object resource, the server can
           delete the attachment resource to free up storage space.

       E.  Upon successful removal of the attachment resource and
           modification of the targeted calendar object resource, the
           server MUST return an appropriate HTTP success status
           response.  If the client included a Prefer header field with
           the "return=representation" preference in the request, the
           server SHOULD return the modified calendar object resource as
           the body of the response.  Otherwise, the server can expect
           that the client will reload the calendar object resource with
           a subsequent GET request to refresh any local cache.

   In the following example, the client deletes an existing attachment
   by passing its managed-id in the request.  The Prefer [RFC7240]
   header field is not set in the request so the calendar object
   resource data is not returned in the response.






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   >> Request <<

   POST /events/64.ics?action=attachment-remove&managed-id=98S HTTP/1.1
   Host: cal.example.com
   Content-Length: 0


   >> Response <<


   HTTP/1.1 204 No Content
   Content-Length: 0


3.7.  Adding Existing Managed Attachments via PUT

   Clients can make use of existing managed attachments by adding the
   corresponding "ATTACH" property to calendar object resources (subject
   to the restrictions described in Section 3.12.2)

   If a managed attachment is used in more than calendar resource,
   servers SHOULD NOT change either the "MANAGED-ID" parameter value or
   the "ATTACH" property value for these attachments - this ensures that
   clients do not have to download the attachment data again if they
   already have it cached.  Additionally, servers SHOULD validate "SIZE"
   parameter values and replace incorrect values with the actual sizes
   of existing attachments.

   These PUT requests are subject to the preconditions listed in
   Section 3.11.

3.8.  Updating Attachments via PUT

   Servers MUST NOT allow clients to update attachment data directly via
   a PUT on the attachment URI (or via any other HTTP method that
   modifies content).  Instead, attachments can only be updated via use
   of POST requests on the calendar data.

3.9.  Removing Attachments via PUT

   Clients can remove attachments by simply re-writing the calendar
   object resource data to remove the appropriate "ATTACH" properties.
   Servers MUST NOT allow clients to delete attachments directly via a
   DELETE request on the attachment URI.







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3.10.  Retrieving Attachments

   Clients retrieve attachments by issuing an HTTP GET request using the
   value of the corresponding "ATTACH" property as the request-URI,
   taking into account the substitution mechanism associated with the
   "CALDAV:managed-attachments-server-URL" property (see Section 6.1).

3.11.  Error Handling

   This specification creates additional preconditions for the POST
   method.

   The new preconditions are:

      (CALDAV:max-attachment-size): The attachment submitted in the POST
      request MUST have an octet size less than or equal to the value of
      the CALDAV:max-attachment-size property value (Section 6.2) on the
      calendar collection of the target calendar resource;

      (CALDAV:max-attachments-per-resource): The addition of the
      attachment submitted in the POST request MUST result in the target
      calendar resource having a number of managed attachments less than
      or equal to the value of the CALDAV:max-attachments-per-resource
      property value (Section 6.3) on the calendar collection of the
      target calendar resource;

      (CALDAV:valid-action): The action query parameter in the POST
      request MUST contain one of "attachment-add", "attachment-update",
      or "attachment-remove".

      (CALDAV:valid-rid): The rid query parameter in the POST request
      MUST NOT be present for an attachment-update action, and MUST
      contain the value "M" and/or values corresponding to "RECURRENCE-
      ID" property values in the iCalendar data targeted by the request.

      (CALDAV:valid-managed-id): The managed-id query parameter in the
      POST request MUST NOT be present for an attachment-add action, and
      MUST contain a value corresponding to a "MANAGED-ID" property
      parameter value in the iCalendar data targeted by the request.

   A POST request to add, modify, or delete a managed attachment results
   in an implicit modification of the targeted calendar resource
   (equivalent of a PUT).  As a consequence, clients should also be
   prepared to handle preconditions associated with this implicit PUT.
   This includes (but is not limited to):

      (CALDAV:max-resource-size) (from Section 5.3.2.1 of [RFC4791])




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      (DAV:quota-not-exceeded) (from Section 6 of [RFC4331])

      (DAV:sufficient-disk-space) (from Section 6 of [RFC4331])

   A PUT request to add or modify and existing calendar object resource
   can make reference to an existing managed attachment.  The following
   new preconditions is defined:

      (CALDAV:valid-managed-id-parameter): a "MANAGED-ID" property
      parameter value in the iCalendar data in the PUT request is not
      valid (e.g., does not match any existing managed attachment).

   If a precondition for a request is not satisfied:

   1.  The response status of the request MUST either be 403
       (Forbidden), if the request should not be repeated because it
       will always fail, or 409 (Conflict), if it is expected that the
       user might be able to resolve the conflict and resubmit the
       request.

   2.  The appropriate XML element MUST be returned as the child of a
       top-level DAV:error element in the response body.

3.12.  Additional Considerations

3.12.1.  Quotas

   The WebDAV Quotas [RFC4331] specification defines two live WebDAV
   properties (DAV:quota-available-bytes and DAV:quota-used-bytes) to
   communicate storage quota information to clients.  Server
   implementations MAY choose to include managed attachments sizes when
   calculating the amount of storage used by a particular resource.

3.12.2.  Access Control

   Access to the managed attachments store in a calendar object resource
   SHOULD be restricted to only those calendar users who have access to
   that calendar object either directly, or indirectly (via being an
   attendee who would receive a scheduling message).

   When accessing a managed attachment, clients SHOULD be prepared to
   authenticate with the server storing the attachment resource.  The
   credentials required to access the managed attachment store could be
   different from the ones used to access the CalDAV server.

   This specification only allows organizers of scheduled events to add
   managed attachments.  Servers MUST prevent attendees of scheduled
   events from adding, updating or removing managed attachments.  In



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   addition, the server MUST prevent a calendar user from re-using a
   managed attachment (based on its managed-id value), unless that user
   is the one who originally created the managed attachment.

3.12.3.  Redirects

   For POST requests that add or update attachment data, the server MAY
   issue a 307 (Temporary Redirect) [RFC7231] or 308 (Permanent
   Redirect) [RFC7538] response to require the client to re-issue the
   POST request using a different request-URI.  As a result, clients
   SHOULD use the "100-continue" expectation defined in Section 5.1.1 of
   [RFC7231].  Using this mechanism ensures that, if a redirect does
   occur, the client does not needlessly send the attachment data.

3.12.4.  Processing Time

   Clients can expect servers to take a while to respond to POST
   requests that include large attachment bodies.  Servers SHOULD use
   the "102 (Processing)" interim response defined in Section 10.1 of
   [RFC2518] to keep the client connection alive if the POST request
   will take significant time to complete.

3.12.5.  Automatic Clean-Up by Servers

   Servers MAY automatically remove attachment data, for example to
   regain the storage taken by unused attachments, or as the result of a
   virus scanning.  When doing so they SHOULD NOT modify calendar data
   referencing those attachments.  Instead they SHOULD respond with "410
   (Gone)" to any request on the removed attachment URI.

3.12.6.  Sending Scheduling Messages with Attachments

   When a managed attachment is added, updated or removed from a
   calendar object resource, the server MUST ensure that a scheduling
   message is sent to update any attendees with the changes, as per
   [RFC6638].

3.12.7.  Migrating Calendar Data

   When exporting calendar data from a CalDAV server supporting managed
   attachments, clients SHOULD remove all "MANAGED-ID" property
   parameters from "ATTACH" properties in the calendar data.  Similarly
   when importing calendar data from another source, clients SHOULD
   remove any "MANAGED-ID" property parameters on "ATTACH" properties
   (failure to do so will likely result in the server removing those
   properties automatically).





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4.  Modifications to iCalendar Syntax

4.1.  SIZE Property Parameter

   Parameter Name:  SIZE

   Purpose:  To specify the size of an attachment.

   Format Definition:  This property parameter is defined by the
      following notation:

   sizeparam = "SIZE" "=" paramtext
   ; positive integers

   Description:  This property parameter MAY be specified on "ATTACH"
      properties.  It indicates the size in octets of the corresponding
      attachment data.  Since iCalendar integer values are restricted to
      a maximum value of 2147483647, the current parameter is defined as
      text to allow an extended range to be used.

   Example:

   ATTACH;SIZE=1234:https://attachments.example.com/abcd.txt

4.2.  FILENAME Property Parameter

   Parameter Name:  FILENAME

   Purpose:  To specify the file name of a managed attachment.

   Format Definition:  This property parameter is defined by the
      following notation:

   filenameparam = "FILENAME" "=" paramtext

   Description:  This property parameter MAY be specified on "ATTACH"
      properties corresponding to managed attachments.  Its value
      provides information on how to construct a filename for storing
      the attachment data.  This parameter is very similar in nature to
      the Content-Disposition HTTP header field "filename" parameter and
      exposes the same security risks.  As a consequence, clients MUST
      follow the guidelines expressed in Section 4.3 of [RFC6266] when
      consuming this parameter value.  Similarly, servers MUST follow
      those same guidelines before storing a value.

   Example:





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   ATTACH;FILENAME=agenda.html:https://attachments.example.c
    om/rt452S

4.3.  MANAGED-ID Property Parameter

   Parameter Name:  MANAGED-ID

   Purpose:  To uniquely identify a managed attachment.

   Format Definition:  This property parameter is defined by the
      following notation:

   managedidparam = "MANAGED-ID" "=" paramtext

   Description:  This property parameter MUST be specified on "ATTACH"
      properties corresponding to managed attachments.  Its value is
      generated by the server and uniquely identifies a managed
      attachment within the scope of the CalDAV server.  This property
      parameter MUST NOT be present in the case of non-managed
      attachments.

   Example:

   ATTACH;MANAGED-ID=aUNhbGVuZGFy:https://attachments.example.c
    om/abcd.txt

5.  Additional Message Header Fields

5.1.  Cal-Managed-ID Response Header Field

   The Cal-Managed-ID response header field provides the value of the
   MANAGED-ID parameter corresponding to a newly added ATTACH property.

   ABNF:

   Cal-Managed-ID = "Cal-Managed-ID" ":" paramtext
   ; "paramtext" is defined in Section 3.1 of [RFC5545]

   Example:

   Cal-Managed-ID:aUNhbGVuZGFy

   The Cal-Managed-ID header field MUST only be sent by an origin server
   in response to a successful POST request with an action set to
   attachment-add or attachment-update.  It MUST only appear once in a
   response and MUST NOT appear in trailers.





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   The Cal-Managed-ID header field is end to end and MUST be forwarded
   by intermediaries.  Intermediaries MUST NOT insert, delete, or modify
   a Cal-Managed-ID header field.

6.  Additional WebDAV Properties

6.1.  CALDAV:managed-attachments-server-URL property

   Name:  managed-attachments-server-URL

   Namespace:  urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav

   Purpose:  Specifies the server base URI to use when retrieving
      managed attachments.

   Protected:  This property MUST be protected as only the server can
      update the value.

   COPY/MOVE behavior:  This property is only defined on a calendar home
      collection which cannot be moved or copied.

   allprop behavior:  SHOULD NOT be returned by a PROPFIND DAV:allprop
      request.

   Description:  This property MAY be defined on a calendar home
      collection.  If present, it contains zero or one DAV:href XML
      elements.

      When one DAV:href element is present, its value MUST be an
      absolute HTTP URI containing only the scheme (i.e. "https") and
      authority (i.e. host and port) parts . Whenever a managed
      attachment is to be retrieved via an HTTP GET, the client MUST
      construct the actual URL of the attachment by substituting the
      scheme and authority parts of the attachment URI (as stored in the
      iCalendar "ATTACH" property) with the present WebDAV property
      value.

      When no DAV:href element is present, the client MUST substitute
      the scheme and authority parts of the attachment URI with the
      scheme and authority part of the calendar home collection absolute
      URI.

      In the absence of this property, the client can consider the
      attachment URI as its actual URL.

   Definition:

   <!ELEMENT managed-attachments-server-URL (DAV:href?)>



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   Example:

   <C:managed-attachments-server-URL xmlns:D="DAV:"
       xmlns:C="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav">
     <D:href>https://attachstore.example.com</D:href>
   </C:managed-attachments-server-URL>

6.2.  CALDAV:max-attachment-size property

   Name:  max-attachment-size

   Namespace:  urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav

   Purpose:  Provides a numeric value indicating the maximum attachment
      size, in octets, that the server is willing to accept when a
      managed attachment is stored on the server.

   Protected:  MUST be protected as it indicates limits provided by the
      server.

   COPY/MOVE behavior:  This property value MUST be preserved in COPY
      and MOVE operations.

   allprop behavior:  SHOULD NOT be returned by a PROPFIND DAV:allprop
      request.

   Description:  The CALDAV:max-attachment-size property is used to
      specify a numeric value that represents the maximum attachment
      size, in octets, that the server is willing to accept when a
      managed attachment is stored on the server.  The property is
      defined on the parent collection of the calendar object resource
      to which the attachment is associated.  Any attempt to store a
      managed attachment exceeding this size MUST result in an error,
      with the CALDAV:max-attachment-size precondition (Section 3.11)
      being violated.  In the absence of this property, the client can
      assume that the server will allow storing an attachment of any
      reasonable size.

   Definition:

   <!ELEMENT max-attachment-size (#PCDATA)>
   <!-- PCDATA value: a numeric value (positive decimal integer) -->

   Example:

   <C:max-attachment-size xmlns:C="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav"
        >102400000</C:max-attachment-size>




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6.3.  CALDAV:max-attachments-per-resource property

   Name:  max-attachments-per-resource

   Namespace:  urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav

   Purpose:  Provides a numeric value indicating the maximum number of
      managed attachments across all instances of a calendar object
      resource stored in a calendar collection.

   Protected:  MUST be protected as it indicates limits provided by the
      server.

   COPY/MOVE behavior:  This property value MUST be preserved in COPY
      and MOVE operations.

   allprop behavior:  SHOULD NOT be returned by a PROPFIND DAV:allprop
      request.

   Description:  The CALDAV:max-attachments-per-resource property is
      used to specify a numeric value that represents the maximum number
      of managed attachments across all instances of a calendar object
      resource stored in a calendar collection.  Non-managed attachments
      are not counted toward that limit.  The property is defined on the
      parent collection of the calendar object resource to which the
      attachment is associated.  Any attempt to add a managed attachment
      that would cause the calendar resource to exceed this limit MUST
      result in an error, with the CALDAV:max-attachments-per-resource
      precondition (Section 3.11) being violated.  In the absence of
      this property, the client can assume that the server can handle
      any number of managed attachments per calendar resource.

   Definition:

   <!ELEMENT max-attachments-per-resource (#PCDATA)>
   <!-- PCDATA value: a numeric value (positive decimal integer) -->

   Example:

   <C:max-attachments-per-resource
       xmlns:C="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav"
        >12</C:max-attachments-per-resource>

7.  Implementation Status

   < RFC Editor: before publication please remove this section, the
   reference to [RFC7942], and any resulting "URIs" references sub-
   section. >



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   This section records the status of known implementations of the
   protocol defined by this specification at the time of posting of this
   Internet-Draft, and is based on a proposal described in [RFC7942].
   The description of implementations in this section is intended to
   assist the IETF in its decision processes in progressing drafts to
   RFCs.  Please note that the listing of any individual implementation
   here does not imply endorsement by the IETF.  Furthermore, no effort
   has been spent to verify the information presented here that was
   supplied by IETF contributors.  This is not intended as, and must not
   be construed to be, a catalog of available implementations or their
   features.  Readers are advised to note that other implementations may
   exist.

   According to [RFC7942], "this will allow reviewers and working groups
   to assign due consideration to documents that have the benefit of
   running code, which may serve as evidence of valuable experimentation
   and feedback that have made the implemented protocols more mature.
   It is up to the individual working groups to use this information as
   they see fit".

7.1.  Calendar and Contacts Server

   The open source Calendar and Contacts Server [2] project is a
   standards-compliant server implementing the CalDAV protocol.  This
   production level implementation supports all of the requirements
   described in this document and successfully interoperates with the
   Apple Calendar, BusyCal, 2Do, and CalDAVTester client implementations
   described below.  This implementation is freely distributable under
   the terms of the Apache License, Version 2.0 [3].

7.2.  Cyrus Server

   The open source Cyrus Server [4] project is a highly scalable
   enterprise mail system which also supports calendaring.  This
   production level CalDAV implementation supports all of the
   requirements described in this document and successfully
   interoperates with the Apple Calendar and CalDAVTester client
   implementations described below.  This implementation is freely
   distributable under a BSD style license from Computing Services at
   Carnegie Mellon University [5].

7.3.  Oracle Communications Calendar Server

   The Oracle Communications Calendar Server [6] project is a standards-
   compliant, scalable, enterprise-ready calendaring solution.  This
   production level CalDAV implementation supports all of the
   requirements described in this document and successfully
   interoperates with the Apple Calendar and CalDAVTester client



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   implementations described below.  This implementation is proprietary
   and available for a free trial and/or purchase from the vendor.

7.4.  Apple Calendar

   The widely used Apple Calendar [7] client is a standards-compliant
   client implementing the CalDAV protocol.  This production level
   implementation supports all the requirements described in this
   document and successfully interoperates with the
   Calendar and Contacts Server, Cyrus Server, and
   Oracle Communications Calendar Server implementations described
   above.  This client implementation is proprietary and is distributed
   as part of Apple's desktop operating systems.

7.5.  BusyCal

   BusyCal [8] is a standards-compliant calendar client for MacOS
   implementing the CalDAV protocol.  This implementation supports all
   of the requirements described in this document and successfully
   interoperates with the Calendar and Contacts Server and Cyrus Server
   implementations described above.  This implementation is proprietary
   and available for a free trial and/or purchase from the vendor.

7.6.  CalDAVTester

   CalDAVTester [9] is an open source test and performance application
   designed to work with CalDAV servers and tests various aspects of
   their protocol handling as well as performance.  This widely used
   implementation supports all of the requirements described in this
   document and successfully interoperates with the server
   implementations described above.  This implementation is freely
   distributable under the terms of the Apache License, Version 2.0
   [10].

7.7.  2Do

   2Do [11] is a standards-complient calendar client for iOS which uses
   the CalDAV standard for communication.  This implementation supports
   all of the requirements described in this document and successfully
   interoperates with the Calendar and Contacts Server implementation
   described above.  This implementation is proprietary and available
   for purchase from the vendor.

8.  Security Considerations

   The security considerations in [RFC4791] and [RFC4918] apply to this
   extension.  Additionally, servers need to be aware that a client
   could attack underlying storage by POSTing extremely large



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   attachments and could attack processing time by uploading a recurring
   event with a large number of overrides and then repeatedly adding,
   updating, and deleting attachments.

   Malicious content could be introduced into the calendar server by way
   of a managed attachment, and propagated to many end users via
   scheduling.  Servers SHOULD check managed attachments for malicious
   or inappropriate content.  Upon detecting of such content, servers
   SHOULD remove the attachment, following the rules described in
   Section 3.12.5.

9.  IANA Considerations

9.1.  Parameter Registrations

   This specification defines the following new iCalendar property
   parameters to be added to the registry defined in Section 8.2.3 of
   [RFC5545]:

          +--------------------+---------+----------------------+
          | Property Parameter | Status  | Reference            |
          +--------------------+---------+----------------------+
          | SIZE               | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 4.1 |
          | FILENAME           | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 4.2 |
          | MANAGED-ID         | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 4.3 |
          +--------------------+---------+----------------------+

9.2.  Message Header Field Registrations

   The message header fields below should be added to the Permanent
   Message Header Field Registry (see [RFC3864]).

9.2.1.  Cal-Managed-ID

   Header field name: Cal-Managed-ID

   Applicable protocol: http

   Status: standard

   Author/Change controller: IETF

   Specification document(s): this specification (Section 5.1)

   Related information: none






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10.  Acknowledgments

   This specification came about via discussions at the Calendaring and
   Scheduling Consortium.  Thanks in particular to Mike Douglass and
   Eric York.

11.  References

11.1.  Normative References

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

   [RFC2518]  Goland, Y., Whitehead, E., Faizi, A., Carter, S., and D.
              Jensen, "HTTP Extensions for Distributed Authoring --
              WEBDAV", RFC 2518, DOI 10.17487/RFC2518, February 1999,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2518>.

   [RFC3864]  Klyne, G., Nottingham, M., and J. Mogul, "Registration
              Procedures for Message Header Fields", BCP 90, RFC 3864,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC3864, September 2004,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3864>.

   [RFC4331]  Korver, B. and L. Dusseault, "Quota and Size Properties
              for Distributed Authoring and Versioning (DAV)
              Collections", RFC 4331, DOI 10.17487/RFC4331, February
              2006, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4331>.

   [RFC4791]  Daboo, C., Desruisseaux, B., and L. Dusseault,
              "Calendaring Extensions to WebDAV (CalDAV)", RFC 4791,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC4791, March 2007,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4791>.

   [RFC4918]  Dusseault, L., Ed., "HTTP Extensions for Web Distributed
              Authoring and Versioning (WebDAV)", RFC 4918,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC4918, June 2007,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4918>.

   [RFC5234]  Crocker, D., Ed. and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax
              Specifications: ABNF", STD 68, RFC 5234,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC5234, January 2008,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5234>.







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   [RFC5545]  Desruisseaux, B., Ed., "Internet Calendaring and
              Scheduling Core Object Specification (iCalendar)",
              RFC 5545, DOI 10.17487/RFC5545, September 2009,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5545>.

   [RFC6266]  Reschke, J., "Use of the Content-Disposition Header Field
              in the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)", RFC 6266,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC6266, June 2011,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6266>.

   [RFC6638]  Daboo, C. and B. Desruisseaux, "Scheduling Extensions to
              CalDAV", RFC 6638, DOI 10.17487/RFC6638, June 2012,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6638>.

   [RFC7230]  Fielding, R., Ed. and J. Reschke, Ed., "Hypertext Transfer
              Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Message Syntax and Routing",
              RFC 7230, DOI 10.17487/RFC7230, June 2014,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7230>.

   [RFC7231]  Fielding, R., Ed. and J. Reschke, Ed., "Hypertext Transfer
              Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content", RFC 7231,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC7231, June 2014,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7231>.

   [RFC7240]  Snell, J., "Prefer Header for HTTP", RFC 7240,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC7240, June 2014,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7240>.

   [RFC7538]  Reschke, J., "The Hypertext Transfer Protocol Status Code
              308 (Permanent Redirect)", RFC 7538, DOI 10.17487/RFC7538,
              April 2015, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7538>.

   [RFC8174]  Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
              2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
              May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.

11.2.  Informative References

   [RFC5023]  Gregorio, J., Ed. and B. de hOra, Ed., "The Atom
              Publishing Protocol", RFC 5023, DOI 10.17487/RFC5023,
              October 2007, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5023>.

   [RFC5546]  Daboo, C., Ed., "iCalendar Transport-Independent
              Interoperability Protocol (iTIP)", RFC 5546,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC5546, December 2009,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5546>.





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   [RFC7320]  Nottingham, M., "URI Design and Ownership", BCP 190,
              RFC 7320, DOI 10.17487/RFC7320, July 2014,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7320>.

   [RFC7942]  Sheffer, Y. and A. Farrel, "Improving Awareness of Running
              Code: The Implementation Status Section", BCP 205,
              RFC 7942, DOI 10.17487/RFC7942, July 2016,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7942>.

   [RFC8144]  Murchison, K., "Use of the Prefer Header Field in Web
              Distributed Authoring and Versioning (WebDAV)", RFC 8144,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC8144, April 2017,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8144>.

11.3.  URIs

   [1] https://tools.ietf.org/html/bcp14

   [2] http://calendarserver.org/

   [3] http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.html

   [4] http://www.cyrusimap.org/

   [5] http://www.cmu.edu/computing/

   [6] http://www.cyrusimap.org/

   [7] http://www.apple.com/macos/

   [8] http://www.busymac.com/busycal/

   [9] http://calendarserver.org/wiki/CalDAVTester

   [10] http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.html

   [11] http://www.2doapp.com/

Appendix A.  Change History (To be removed by RFC Editor before
             publication)

   Changes in calext-04:

   1.   Added text explaining why this document is being published as
        Informational.

   2.   Further specified Cal-Managed-ID per Section 8.3.1 of RFC 7231.




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   3.   Specified that the MANAGED-ID parameter value is unique within
        the scope of the server.

   4.   Added more text regarding preconditions.

   5.   Added text about specific DoS attack vectors.

   6.   Editorial changes from Gren Elliot and Phillip Kewisch.

   7.   Editorial changes from Adam Roach.

   8.   Editorial changes from Alexey Melnikov.

   9.   Added reference to RFC4918.

   10.  Minor editorial changes.

   Changes in calext-03:

   1.  Changed to Informational based on feedback regarding non-standard
       method of updating an existing resource.

   2.  Added references to sub-sections in Overview.

   3.  Made support for Prefer header field a SHOULD for servers.

   4.  Expanded recurring event examples to use conditional requests and
       to include the Expect header field.

   5.  Minor editorial changes.

   Changes in calext-02:

   1.  Moved "Error Handling" into its own sub-section.

   2.  Split "Other Client Considerations" into "Processing Time" and
       "Migrating Calendar Data".

   Changes in calext-01:

   1.  Changed all instances of "header" to "header field".

   2.  Reworked wording of Prefer header field handling.

   3.  Switched to recommending 102 (Processing) interim response to
       keep the client connection alive.





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   4.  Fixed description of Cal-Managed-ID response header field to
       state that it is also required in responses to successful
       attachment-update.

   5.  Minor editorial changes.

   Changes in calext-00:

   1.  Added Murchison as editor.

   2.  Updated HTTP references to RFC7230 and RFC7231.

   3.  Updated Prefer header field references to RFC7240.

   4.  Added Implementation Status section.

   5.  Minor editorial changes.

   Changes in daboo-03:

   1.  Fixed some examples.

   2.  Fixed return-representation -> return=representation.

   3.  Added statement that servers must not allow clients to DELETE
       attachments directly.

   4.  Added new preconditions for valid managed-id values.

   5.  Filled out Access Control section.

   6.  Allow servers to not support per-instance attachments and
       advertise that fact to clients.

   Changes in daboo-02:

   1.  MANAGED-ID changes on PUT.

   2.  MTAG has been removed.

   3.  Error pre-conditions added.

   4.  Interaction with WebDAV QUOTA discussed.

   5.  max-attachment-* limits added.

   6.  Updated references.




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   7.  Removed MUST for specific 2xx codes in favor of generic success
       code.

   Changes in daboo-01:

   1.   Tweaked OPTIONS capability wording.

   2.   Added section on clients expecting 100-Continue for delayed
        response.

   3.   Added text for clean-up and use of HTTP 410 on orphans.

   4.   Added text on removing "MANAGED-ID" when exporting/importing
        calendar data.

   5.   Added protocol examples.

   6.   Added MTAG property parameter on ATTACH property

   7.   Added FILENAME property parameter on ATTACH property

   8.   "id" query parameter is now "managed-id".

   9.   Use of Cal-Managed-ID header instead of Location header in
        responses.

   10.  rid query param MUST contain RECURRENCE-ID without any
        conversion to UTC (case of floating events).

   11.  Introduced CALDAV:managed-attachments-server-URL property

   12.  Made support for Prefer header a MUST for servers.

Appendix B.  Example Involving Recurring Events

   In the following example, the organizer of a recurring meeting makes
   an unsuccessful attempt to add an agenda (HTML attachment) to the
   corresponding calendar resource with a conditional request.  Note
   that the client includes both the Expect and Prefer header fields in
   the request, thereby preventing itself from needlessly sending the
   attachment data, and requesting that the current resource be returned
   in the failure response (see Section 3.2 of [RFC8144]).









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   >> Request <<

   POST /events/65.ics?action=attachment-add HTTP/1.1
   Host: cal.example.com
   Content-Type: text/html; charset="utf-8"
   Content-Disposition: attachment;filename=agenda.html
   Content-Length: xxxx
   If-Match: "abcdefg-000"
   Expect: 100-continue
   Prefer: return=representation









































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   >> Final Response <<

   HTTP/1.1 412 Precondition Failed
   Content-Type: text/calendar; charset="utf-8"
   Content-Length: yyyy
   Content-Location: https://cal.example.com/events/65.ics
   ETag: "123456789-000-000"

   BEGIN:VCALENDAR
   VERSION:2.0
   PRODID:-//Example Corp.//CalDAV Server//EN
   BEGIN:VTIMEZONE
   LAST-MODIFIED:20040110T032845Z
   TZID:America/Montreal
   BEGIN:DAYLIGHT
   DTSTART:20000404T020000
   RRULE:FREQ=YEARLY;BYDAY=1SU;BYMONTH=4
   TZNAME:EDT
   TZOFFSETFROM:-0500
   TZOFFSETTO:-0400
   END:DAYLIGHT
   BEGIN:STANDARD
   DTSTART:20001026T020000
   RRULE:FREQ=YEARLY;BYDAY=-1SU;BYMONTH=10
   TZNAME:EST
   TZOFFSETFROM:-0400
   TZOFFSETTO:-0500
   END:STANDARD
   END:VTIMEZONE
   BEGIN:VEVENT
   UID:20010712T182145Z-123401@example.com
   DTSTAMP:20120201T203412Z
   DTSTART;TZID=America/Montreal:20120206T100000
   DURATION:PT1H
   RRULE:FREQ=WEEKLY
   SUMMARY:Planning Meeting
   ORGANIZER:mailto:cyrus@example.com
   ATTENDEE;CUTYPE=INDIVIDUAL;PARTSTAT=ACCEPTED:mailto:cyrus@exampl
    e.com
   ATTENDEE;CUTYPE=INDIVIDUAL;PARTSTAT=ACCEPTED:mailto:arnaudq@exam
    ple.com
   ATTENDEE;CUTYPE=INDIVIDUAL;PARTSTAT=NEEDS-ACTION:mailto:mike@exa
    mple.com
   END:VEVENT
   END:VCALENDAR

   The organizer of a recurring meeting successfully adds an agenda
   (HTML attachment) to the corresponding calendar resource.  Attendees



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   of the meeting are granted read access to the newly created
   attachment resource.  Their own copy of the meeting is updated to
   include the new ATTACH property pointing to the attachment resource
   and they are notified of the change via their scheduling inbox.

   >> Request <<

   POST /events/65.ics?action=attachment-add HTTP/1.1
   Host: cal.example.com
   Content-Type: text/html; charset="utf-8"
   Content-Disposition: attachment;filename=agenda.html
   Content-Length: xxxx
   If-Match: "123456789-000-000"
   Expect: 100-continue
   Prefer: return=representation


   >> Interim Response <<

   HTTP/1.1 100 Continue


   >> Request Body <<

   <html>
     <body>
       <h1>Agenda</h1>
       <p>As usual</p>
     </body>
   </html>





















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   >> Final Response <<

   HTTP/1.1 201 Created
   Content-Type: text/calendar; charset="utf-8"
   Content-Length: yyyy
   Content-Location: https://cal.example.com/events/65.ics
   ETag: "123456789-000-111"
   Cal-Managed-ID: 97S

   BEGIN:VCALENDAR
   VERSION:2.0
   PRODID:-//Example Corp.//CalDAV Server//EN
   BEGIN:VTIMEZONE
   LAST-MODIFIED:20040110T032845Z
   TZID:America/Montreal
   BEGIN:DAYLIGHT
   DTSTART:20000404T020000
   RRULE:FREQ=YEARLY;BYDAY=1SU;BYMONTH=4
   TZNAME:EDT
   TZOFFSETFROM:-0500
   TZOFFSETTO:-0400
   END:DAYLIGHT
   BEGIN:STANDARD
   DTSTART:20001026T020000
   RRULE:FREQ=YEARLY;BYDAY=-1SU;BYMONTH=10
   TZNAME:EST
   TZOFFSETFROM:-0400
   TZOFFSETTO:-0500
   END:STANDARD
   END:VTIMEZONE
   BEGIN:VEVENT
   UID:20010712T182145Z-123401@example.com
   DTSTAMP:20120201T203412Z
   DTSTART;TZID=America/Montreal:20120206T100000
   DURATION:PT1H
   RRULE:FREQ=WEEKLY
   SUMMARY:Planning Meeting
   ORGANIZER:mailto:cyrus@example.com
   ATTENDEE;CUTYPE=INDIVIDUAL;PARTSTAT=ACCEPTED:mailto:cyrus@exampl
    e.com
   ATTENDEE;CUTYPE=INDIVIDUAL;PARTSTAT=ACCEPTED:mailto:arnaudq@exam
    ple.com
   ATTENDEE;CUTYPE=INDIVIDUAL;PARTSTAT=NEEDS-ACTION:mailto:mike@exa
    mple.com
   ATTACH;MANAGED-ID=97S;FMTTYPE=text/html;SIZE=xxxx;
    FILENAME=agenda.html:https://cal.example.com/attach/65/34X22R
   END:VEVENT
   END:VCALENDAR



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   The organizer has a more specific agenda for the 20th of February
   meeting.  It is added to that particular instance of the meeting by
   specifying the rid parameter.  Note that an overridden instance is
   created with the RECURRENCE-ID property value matching the value of
   the "rid" query parameter in the request.  Also note that the server
   takes significant time to complete the request and notifies the
   client accordingly.

   >> Request <<

  POST /events/65.ics?action=attachment-add&rid=20120220T100000 HTTP/1.1
  Host: cal.example.com
  Content-Type: text/html; charset="utf-8"
  Content-Disposition: attachment;filename=agenda0220.html
  Content-Length: xxxx
  If-Match: "123456789-000-111"
  Expect: 100-continue
  Prefer: return=representation


   >> Interim Response <<

   HTTP/1.1 100 Continue


   >> Request Body <<

   <html>
     <body>
       <h1>Agenda</h1>
       <p>Something different, for a change</p>
     </body>
   </html>

   >> Interim Response <<

   HTTP/1.1 102 Processing


   >> Final Response <<

   HTTP/1.1 201 Created
   Content-Type: text/calendar; charset="utf-8"
   Content-Length: yyyy
   Content-Location: https://cal.example.com/events/65.ics
   ETag: "123456789-000-222"
   Cal-Managed-ID: 33225




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   BEGIN:VCALENDAR
   VERSION:2.0
   PRODID:-//Example Corp.//CalDAV Server//EN
   BEGIN:VTIMEZONE
   LAST-MODIFIED:20040110T032845Z
   TZID:America/Montreal
   BEGIN:DAYLIGHT
   DTSTART:20000404T020000
   RRULE:FREQ=YEARLY;BYDAY=1SU;BYMONTH=4
   TZNAME:EDT
   TZOFFSETFROM:-0500
   TZOFFSETTO:-0400
   END:DAYLIGHT
   BEGIN:STANDARD
   DTSTART:20001026T020000
   RRULE:FREQ=YEARLY;BYDAY=-1SU;BYMONTH=10
   TZNAME:EST
   TZOFFSETFROM:-0400
   TZOFFSETTO:-0500
   END:STANDARD
   END:VTIMEZONE
   BEGIN:VEVENT
   UID:20010712T182145Z-123401@example.com
   DTSTAMP:20120201T203412Z
   DTSTART;TZID=America/Montreal:20120206T100000
   DURATION:PT1H
   RRULE:FREQ=WEEKLY
   SUMMARY:Planning Meeting
   ORGANIZER:mailto:cyrus@example.com
   ATTENDEE;CUTYPE=INDIVIDUAL;PARTSTAT=ACCEPTED:mailto:cyrus@exampl
    e.com
   ATTENDEE;CUTYPE=INDIVIDUAL;PARTSTAT=ACCEPTED:mailto:arnaudq@exam
    ple.com
   ATTENDEE;CUTYPE=INDIVIDUAL;PARTSTAT=NEEDS-ACTION:mailto:mike@exa
    mple.com
   ATTACH;MANAGED-ID=97S;FMTTYPE=text/html;SIZE=xxxx;
    FILENAME=agenda.html:https://cal.example.com/attach/65/34X22R
   END:VEVENT
   BEGIN:VEVENT
   UID:20010712T182145Z-123401@example.com
   RECURRENCE-ID;TZID=America/Montreal:20120220T100000
   DTSTAMP:20120201T203412Z
   DTSTART;TZID=America/Montreal:20120220T100000
   DURATION:PT1H
   SUMMARY:Planning Meeting
   ORGANIZER:mailto:cyrus@example.com
   ATTENDEE;CUTYPE=INDIVIDUAL;PARTSTAT=ACCEPTED:mailto:cyrus@example.
    com



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   ATTENDEE;CUTYPE=INDIVIDUAL;PARTSTAT=ACCEPTED:mailto:arnaudq@exampl
    e.com
   ATTENDEE;CUTYPE=INDIVIDUAL;PARTSTAT=NEEDS-ACTION:mailto:mike@examp
    le.com
   ATTACH;MANAGED-ID=33225;FMTTYPE=text/html;SIZE=xxxx;
    FILENAME=agenda0220.html:https://cal.example.com/attach/65/FGZ225
   END:VEVENT
   END:VCALENDAR

Authors' Addresses

   Cyrus Daboo
   Apple Inc.
   1 Infinite Loop
   Cupertino, CA  95014
   USA

   Email: cyrus@daboo.name
   URI:   http://www.apple.com/


   Arnaud Quillaud
   Oracle Corporation
   180, Avenue de l'Europe
   Saint Ismier cedex  38334
   France

   Email: arnaud.quillaud@oracle.com
   URI:   http://www.oracle.com/


   Kenneth Murchison (editor)
   FastMail US LLC
   1429 Walnut St, Suite 1201
   Philadephia, PA  19102
   USA

   Email: murch@fastmailteam.com
   URI:   http://www.fastmail.com/












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