Internet DRAFT - draft-ietf-avtcore-rtp-scip
draft-ietf-avtcore-rtp-scip
Payload Working Group D. Hanson
Internet-Draft M. Faller
Intended status: Standards Track K. Maver
Expires: 30 September 2023 General Dynamics Mission Systems, Inc.
29 March 2023
RTP Payload Format for the Secure Communication Interoperability
Protocol (SCIP) Codec
draft-ietf-avtcore-rtp-scip-05
Abstract
This document describes the RTP payload format of the Secure
Communication Interoperability Protocol (SCIP). SCIP is an
application layer protocol that defines the establishment of reliable
SCIP endpoint to SCIP endpoint secure communications over the RTP
channel provided by network equipment. The scope of this document is
limited to defining the scip codecs and Session Description Protocol
(SDP) and RTP parameters to be supported by network devices with
minimal description of the SCIP Application Layer Protocol. Since
the SCIP RTP payload is encrypted, it is considered "opaque" to
network devices.
Status of This Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute
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Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
This Internet-Draft will expire on 30 September 2023.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2023 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
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This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/
license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document.
Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights
and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components
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provided without warranty as described in the Revised BSD License.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.1. Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2. Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3. Media Format Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.1. Congestion Control Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4. Payload Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.1. RTP Header Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5. Payload Format Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5.1. Media Subtype "audio/scip" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5.2. Media Subtype "video/scip" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
5.3. Mapping to SDP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
5.4. SDP Offer/Answer Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
6. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
7. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
8. SCIP Contact Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
9. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
9.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
9.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1. Introduction
This document details usage of the "audio/scip" and "video/scip"
pseudo-codecs [AUDIOSCIP], [VIDEOSCIP] as a secure session
establishment protocol and media transport protocol over RTP. It
discusses that encrypted audio and video codec payloads are
transported over RTP. This document provides a reference for network
security policymakers, network equipment OEMs, procurement personnel,
and government agency and commercial industry representatives. Note
that the IP network layer does not implement SCIP as a protocol since
SCIP operates at the application layer in endpoints. However, the IP
network layer should enable SCIP traffic to transparently pass
through the network. Some network devices do not recognize SCIP, and
thus remove the scip codecs from the SDP media payload declaration.
When the scip media subtype is removed from the SDP media payload
declaration, SCIP endpoint devices will not operate on the network.
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The purpose of this document is to provide enough information to
enable SCIP payloads to be transported through the network without
modification or filtering.
SCIP is presently implemented in United States and NATO secure voice,
video, and data products operating on commercial, private, and
tactical IP networks worldwide using the scip media subtype. The
SCIP data traversing the network is encrypted, and network equipment
in-line with the session cannot interpret the traffic stream in any
way. SCIP-based RTP traffic is opaque and can vary significantly in
structure and frequency making traffic profiling not possible. Also,
as the SCIP protocol continues to evolve independently of this
document, any network device that attempts to filter traffic (e.g.,
deep packet inspection) based on current SCIP traffic profiles may
cause unintended consequences in the future when changes to the SCIP
traffic may not be recognized by the network device.
Network devices do not need to know the details of SCIP protocol as
defined in SCIP-210 [SCIP210] to allow it to traverse the network,
therefore SCIP-210 is considered an Informative Reference in this
document.
1.1. Conventions
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
"OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP
14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
capitals, as shown here.
Best current practices for writing an RTP payload format
specification were followed [RFC2736] [RFC8088].
When referring to the Secure Communication Interoperability Protocol,
the uppercase acronym "SCIP" is used. When referring to the media
subtype scip, lowercase "scip" is used.
1.2. Abbreviations
The following abbreviations are used in this document.
AVP: Audio/Video Profile
DTX: Discontinuous Transmission
ICWG: Interoperability Control Working Group
IICWG: International Interoperability Control Working Group
NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization
SCIP: Secure Communication Interoperability Protocol
SDP: Session Description Protocol
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2. Background
The Secure Communication Interoperability Protocol (SCIP) allows the
negotiation of several voice, data, and video applications using
various cryptographic suites. SCIP also provides several important
characteristics that have led to its broad acceptance in the United
States and within NATO. These capabilities include end-to-end
security at the application layer, authentication of user identity,
the ability to apply different security levels for each secure
session, and secure communication over any end-to-end data
connection.
SCIP began in the United States as the Future Narrowband Digital
Terminal (FNBDT) Protocol in the late 1990s. A combined U.S.
Department of Defense and vendor consortium formed a governing
organization named the Interoperability Control Working Group (ICWG)
to manage the protocol. In time, the group expanded to include NATO,
NATO partners and European vendors under the name International
Interoperability Control Working Group (IICWG), which was later
renamed the SCIP Working Group.
First generation SCIP devices operated on circuit-switched networks.
SCIP was then expanded to radio and IP networks. The scip media
subtype transports SCIP secure session establishment signaling and
secure application traffic. The built-in negotiation and flexibility
provided by the SCIP protocols make it a natural choice for many
scenarios that require various secure applications and associated
encryption suites. SCIP has been adopted by NATO in STANAG 5068.
SCIP standards are currently available to participating government/
military communities and select OEMs of equipment that support SCIP.
However, SCIP must operate over global networks (including private
and commercial networks). Without access to necessary information to
support SCIP, some networks may not support the SCIP media subtypes.
Issues may occur simply because information is not as readily
available to OEMs, network administrators, and network architects.
This document provides essential information about audio/scip and
video/scip media subtypes that enables network equipment
manufacturers to include settings for "scip" as a known audio and
video media subtype in their equipment. This enables network
administrators to define and implement a compatible security policy
which includes audio and video media subtypes scip/8000 and
scip/90000 as permitted codecs on the network.
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All current IP-based SCIP endpoints implement "scip" as a media
subtype. Registration of scip as a media subtype provides a common
reference for network equipment manufacturers to recognize SCIP in a
payload declaration.
3. Media Format Description
The "scip" media subtype indicates support for and identifies SCIP
traffic that is being transported over RTP. Transcoding, lossy
compression, or other data modifications MUST NOT be performed by the
network on the SCIP RTP payload. The audio/scip and video/scip media
subtype data streams within the network, including the VoIP network,
MUST be a transparent relay and be treated as "clear-channel data",
similar to the Clearmode media subtype defined by [RFC4040].
RFC 4040 is referenced because Clearmode does not define specific RTP
payload content, packet size, or packet intervals, but rather enables
Clearmode devices to signal that they support a compatible mode of
operation and defines a transparent channel on which devices may
communicate. This document takes a similar approach. Network
devices that implement support for SCIP need to enable SCIP endpoints
to signal that they support SCIP and provide a transparent channel on
which SCIP endpoints may communicate.
3.1. Congestion Control Considerations
The bitrate of SCIP may be adjusted depending on the capability of
the underlying codec (MELPe, G.729D, etc.). The number of encoded
audio frames per packet may also be adjusted to control congestion.
Discontinuous transmission (DTX) may also be used if supported by the
underlying codec.
Since UDP does not provide congestion control, applications that use
RTP over UDP SHOULD implement their own congestion control above the
UDP layer [RFC8085] and MAY also implement a transport circuit
breaker [RFC8083]. Work in the RMCAT working group [RMCAT] describes
the interactions and conceptual interfaces necessary between the
application components that relate to congestion control, including
the RTP layer, the higher-level media codec control layer, and the
lower-level transport interface, as well as components dedicated to
congestion control functions.
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4. Payload Format
SCIP is an application-layer protocol that is defined in SCIP-210
[SCIP210]. The SCIP traffic consists of both SCIP control messages
(some of which may be encrypted) and encrypted codec data. The
payload size and interval will vary considerably depending on the
state of the SCIP device.
The SCIP codec produces an encrypted bitstream that is transported
over RTP. Unlike other codecs, SCIP does not have its own upper
layer syntax (e.g., no Network Adaptation Layer (NAL) units), but
rather encrypts the output of the audio/video codecs that it uses
(e.g., G.729D [RFC3551], H.264 [RFC6184], etc.). SCIP achieves this
by encapsulating the encrypted codec output that has been previously
formatted according to the relevant RTP payload specification for
that codec. SCIP endpoints MAY employ mechanisms, such as Inter-
media RTP Synchronization as described in [RFC8088] Section 3.3.4, to
synchronize audio/scip and video/scip streams.
Figure 1 below illustrates notionally how codec packets and SCIP
control messages are packetized for transmission over RTP.
+-----------+ +-----------------------+
| Codec | | SCIP control messages |
+-----------+ +-----------------------+
| |
| |
V V
+--------------------------------------------------+
| Packetizer* (< MTU size) |
+--------------------------------------------------+
| |
| |
V |
+--------------+ |
| Encryption | |
+--------------+ |
| |
| |
V V
+--------------------------------------------------+
| RTP |
+--------------------------------------------------+
Figure 1: SCIP RTP Architecture
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| * Packetizer: Media codecs payloads are split into multiple RTP
| packets, if they exceed the MTU size, as defined in that media
| codec's RFC. SCIP control messages are split into multiple RTP
| packets if they exceed the MTU size - the SCIP messages contain
| an overall message length field allowing segments to be
| reassembled by the receiver.
As described above, the SCIP RTP payload format is highly variable
and cannot be described in specificity in this document. Details can
be found in SCIP-210 [SCIP210]. SCIP will continue to evolve and as
such the SCIP RTP traffic MUST NOT be filtered by network devices
based upon what currently is observed or documented. The focus of
this document is for network devices to consider the SCIP RTP payload
as opaque and allow it to traverse the network. Network devices MUST
NOT modify SCIP RTP packets.
4.1. RTP Header Fields
The SCIP RTP header fields SHALL conform to RFC 3550.
SCIP traffic may be continuous or discontinuous. The Timestamp field
MUST increment based on the sampling clock for discontinuous
transmission as described in [RFC3550], Section 5.1. The Timestamp
field for continuous transmission applications is dependent on the
sampling rate of the media as specified in the media subtype's
specification (e.g., MELPe [RFC8130]). Note that during a SCIP
session, both discontinuous and continuous traffic are highly
probable.
The Marker bit SHALL be set to zero for discontinuous traffic. The
Marker bit for continuous traffic is based on the underlying media
subtype specification. The underlying media is opaque within SCIP
RTP packets.
5. Payload Format Parameters
The SCIP RTP payload format is identified using the scip media
subtype, which is registered in accordance with [RFC4855] and per the
media type registration template form [RFC6838]. A clock rate of
8000 Hz SHALL be used for "audio/scip". A clock rate of 90000 Hz
SHALL be used for "video/scip".
5.1. Media Subtype "audio/scip"
Media type name: audio
Media subtype name: scip
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Required parameters: N/A
Optional parameters: N/A
Encoding considerations: Binary. This media subtype is only defined
for transfer via RTP. There SHALL be no encoding/decoding
(transcoding) of the audio stream as it traverses the network.
Security considerations: See Section 6.
Interoperability considerations: N/A
Published specifications: [SCIP210]
Applications which use this media: N/A
Fragment Identifier considerations: none
Restrictions on usage: N/A
Additional information:
1. Deprecated alias names for this type: N/A
2. Magic number(s): N/A
3. File extension(s): N/A
4. Macintosh file type code: N/A
5. Object Identifiers: N/A
Person to contact for further information:
1. Name: Michael Faller and Daniel Hanson
2. Email: michael.faller@gd-ms.com and dan.hanson@gd-ms.com
Intended usage: Common, Government and Military
Authors:
Michael Faller - michael.faller@gd-ms.com
Daniel Hanson - dan.hanson@gd-ms.com
Change controller:
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SCIP Working Group - ncia.cis3@ncia.nato.int
5.2. Media Subtype "video/scip"
Media type name: video
Media subtype name: scip
Required parameters: N/A
Optional parameters: N/A
Encoding considerations: Binary. This media subtype is only defined
for transfer via RTP. There SHALL be no encoding/decoding
(transcoding) of the video stream as it traverses the network.
Security considerations: See Section 6.
Interoperability considerations: N/A
Published specifications: [SCIP210]
Applications which use this media: N/A
Fragment Identifier considerations: none
Restrictions on usage: N/A
Additional information:
1. Deprecated alias names for this type: N/A
2. Magic number(s): N/A
3. File extension(s): N/A
4. Macintosh file type code: N/A
5. Object Identifiers: N/A
Person to contact for further information:
1. Name: Michael Faller and Daniel Hanson
2. Email: michael.faller@gd-ms.com and dan.hanson@gd-ms.com
Intended usage: Common, Government and Military
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Authors:
Michael Faller - michael.faller@gd-ms.com
Daniel Hanson - dan.hanson@gd-ms.com
Change controller:
SCIP Working Group - ncia.cis3@ncia.nato.int
5.3. Mapping to SDP
The mapping of the above defined payload format media subtype and its
parameters SHALL be implemented according to Section 3 of [RFC4855].
Since SCIP includes its own facilities for capabilities exchange, it
is only necessary to negotiate the use of SCIP within SDP Offer/
Answer; the specific codecs to be encapsulated within SCIP are then
negotiated via the exchange of SCIP control messages.
The information carried in the media type specification has a
specific mapping to fields in the Session Description Protocol (SDP)
[RFC8866], which is commonly used to describe RTP sessions. When SDP
is used to specify sessions employing the SCIP codec, the mapping is
as follows:
* The media type ("audio") goes in SDP "m=" as the media name for
audio/scip, and the media type ("video") goes in SDP "m=" as the
media name for video/scip.
* The media subtype ("scip") goes in SDP "a=rtpmap" as the encoding
name. The required parameter "rate" also goes in "a=rtpmap" as
the clock rate.
* The optional parameters "ptime" and "maxptime" go in the SDP
"a=ptime" and "a=maxptime" attributes, respectively.
An example mapping for audio/scip is:
m=audio 50000 RTP/AVP 96
a=rtpmap:96 scip/8000
An example mapping for video/scip is:
m=video 50002 RTP/AVP 97
a=rtpmap:97 scip/90000
An example mapping for both audio/scip and video/scip is:
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m=audio 50000 RTP/AVP 96
a=rtpmap:96 scip/8000
m=video 50002 RTP/AVP 97
a=rtpmap:97 scip/90000
The application negotiation between endpoints will determine whether
the audio and video streams are transported as separate streams over
the audio and video payload types or as a single media stream on the
video payload type.
5.4. SDP Offer/Answer Considerations
In accordance with the SDP Offer/Answer model [RFC3264], the SCIP
device SHALL list the SCIP payload type number in order of preference
in the "m" media line.
6. Security Considerations
RTP packets using the payload format defined in this specification
are subject to the security considerations discussed in the RTP
specification [RFC3550], and in any applicable RTP profile such as
RTP/AVP [RFC3551], RTP/AVPF [RFC4585], RTP/SAVP [RFC3711], or RTP/
SAVPF [RFC5124]. However, as "Securing the RTP Protocol Framework:
Why RTP Does Not Mandate a Single Media Security Solution" [RFC7202]
discusses, it is not an RTP payload format's responsibility to
discuss or mandate what solutions are used to meet the basic security
goals like confidentiality, integrity, and source authenticity for
RTP in general. This responsibility lays on anyone using RTP in an
application. They can find guidance on available security mechanisms
and important considerations in "Options for Securing RTP Sessions"
[RFC7201]. Applications SHOULD use one or more appropriate strong
security mechanisms. The rest of this Security Considerations
section discusses the security impacting properties of the payload
format itself.
This RTP payload format and its media decoder do not exhibit any
significant non-uniformity in the receiver-side computational
complexity for packet processing, and thus do not inherently pose a
denial-of-service threat due to the receipt of pathological data.
Nor does the RTP payload format contain any active content.
7. IANA Considerations
The audio/scip and video/scip media subtypes have previously been
registered with IANA [AUDIOSCIP] [VIDEOSCIP]. IANA should update
[AUDIOSCIP] and [VIDEOSCIP] to reference this document upon
publication.
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8. SCIP Contact Information
The SCIP protocol is maintained by the SCIP Working Group.
SCIP Working Group, CIS3 Partnership
NATO Communications and Information Agency
Oude Waalsdorperweg 61, 2597AK
The Hague, The Netherlands
Email: ncia.cis3@ncia.nato.int
9. References
9.1. Normative References
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.
[RFC2736] Handley, M. and C. Perkins, "Guidelines for Writers of RTP
Payload Format Specifications", BCP 36, RFC 2736,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2736, December 1999,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2736>.
[RFC3264] Rosenberg, J. and H. Schulzrinne, "An Offer/Answer Model
with Session Description Protocol (SDP)", RFC 3264,
DOI 10.17487/RFC3264, June 2002,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3264>.
[RFC3550] Schulzrinne, H., Casner, S., Frederick, R., and V.
Jacobson, "RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time
Applications", STD 64, RFC 3550, DOI 10.17487/RFC3550,
July 2003, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3550>.
[RFC3551] Schulzrinne, H. and S. Casner, "RTP Profile for Audio and
Video Conferences with Minimal Control", STD 65, RFC 3551,
DOI 10.17487/RFC3551, July 2003,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3551>.
[RFC3711] Baugher, M., McGrew, D., Naslund, M., Carrara, E., and K.
Norrman, "The Secure Real-time Transport Protocol (SRTP)",
RFC 3711, DOI 10.17487/RFC3711, March 2004,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3711>.
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[RFC4585] Ott, J., Wenger, S., Sato, N., Burmeister, C., and J. Rey,
"Extended RTP Profile for Real-time Transport Control
Protocol (RTCP)-Based Feedback (RTP/AVPF)", RFC 4585,
DOI 10.17487/RFC4585, July 2006,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4585>.
[RFC5124] Ott, J. and E. Carrara, "Extended Secure RTP Profile for
Real-time Transport Control Protocol (RTCP)-Based Feedback
(RTP/SAVPF)", RFC 5124, DOI 10.17487/RFC5124, February
2008, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5124>.
[RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.
[RFC8866] Begen, A., Kyzivat, P., Perkins, C., and M. Handley, "SDP:
Session Description Protocol", RFC 8866,
DOI 10.17487/RFC8866, January 2021,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8866>.
9.2. Informative References
[AUDIOSCIP]
Faller, M. and D. Hanson, "audio/scip: Internet Assigned
Numbers Authority (IANA)", 28 January 2021,
<https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/audio/scip>.
[RFC4040] Kreuter, R., "RTP Payload Format for a 64 kbit/s
Transparent Call", RFC 4040, DOI 10.17487/RFC4040, April
2005, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4040>.
[RFC4855] Casner, S., "Media Type Registration of RTP Payload
Formats", RFC 4855, DOI 10.17487/RFC4855, February 2007,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4855>.
[RFC6184] Wang, Y.-K., Even, R., Kristensen, T., and R. Jesup, "RTP
Payload Format for H.264 Video", RFC 6184,
DOI 10.17487/RFC6184, May 2011,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6184>.
[RFC6838] Freed, N., Klensin, J., and T. Hansen, "Media Type
Specifications and Registration Procedures", BCP 13,
RFC 6838, DOI 10.17487/RFC6838, January 2013,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6838>.
[RFC7201] Westerlund, M. and C. Perkins, "Options for Securing RTP
Sessions", RFC 7201, DOI 10.17487/RFC7201, April 2014,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7201>.
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[RFC7202] Perkins, C. and M. Westerlund, "Securing the RTP
Framework: Why RTP Does Not Mandate a Single Media
Security Solution", RFC 7202, DOI 10.17487/RFC7202, April
2014, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7202>.
[RFC8083] Perkins, C. and V. Singh, "Multimedia Congestion Control:
Circuit Breakers for Unicast RTP Sessions", RFC 8083,
DOI 10.17487/RFC8083, March 2017,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8083>.
[RFC8085] Eggert, L., Fairhurst, G., and G. Shepherd, "UDP Usage
Guidelines", BCP 145, RFC 8085, DOI 10.17487/RFC8085,
March 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8085>.
[RFC8088] Westerlund, M., "How to Write an RTP Payload Format",
RFC 8088, DOI 10.17487/RFC8088, May 2017,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8088>.
[RFC8130] Demjanenko, V. and D. Satterlee, "RTP Payload Format for
the Mixed Excitation Linear Prediction Enhanced (MELPe)
Codec", RFC 8130, DOI 10.17487/RFC8130, March 2017,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8130>.
[RMCAT] IETF, "RTP Media Congestion Avoidance Techniques (rmcat)
Working Group",
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/rmcat/about/>.
[SCIP210] SCIP Working Group, "SCIP Signaling Plan", SCIP-210,
r3.10, October 2017.
[VIDEOSCIP]
Faller, M. and D. Hanson, "video/scip: Internet Assigned
Numbers Authority (IANA)", 28 January 2021,
<https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/video/scip>.
Authors' Addresses
Daniel Hanson
General Dynamics Mission Systems, Inc.
150 Rustcraft Road
Dedham, MA 02026
United States of America
Email: dan.hanson@gd-ms.com
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Michael Faller
General Dynamics Mission Systems, Inc.
150 Rustcraft Road
Dedham, MA 02026
United States of America
Email: michael.faller@gd-ms.com
Keith Maver
General Dynamics Mission Systems, Inc.
150 Rustcraft Road
Dedham, MA 02026
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