Internet DRAFT - draft-drage-sipping-rfc3455bis

draft-drage-sipping-rfc3455bis







Network Working Group                                          R. Jesske
Internet-Draft                                          Deutsche Telekom
Obsoletes: 3455 (if approved)                                   K. Drage
Intended status: Informational                            Alcatel-Lucent
Expires: October 27, 2014                                    C. Holmberg
                                                                Ericsson
                                                          April 25, 2014


Private Header (P-Header) Extensions to the Session Initiation Protocol
        (SIP) for the 3rd-Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)
                   draft-drage-sipping-rfc3455bis-14

Abstract

   This document describes a set of private Session Initiation Protocol
   (SIP) header fields (P-headers) used by the 3rd-Generation
   Partnership Project (3GPP), along with their applicability, which is
   limited to particular environments.  The P-header fields are for a
   variety of purposes within the networks that the partners use,
   including charging and information about the networks a call
   traverses.  This document obsoletes RFC3455.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on October 27, 2014.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2014 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of



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   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Overall Applicability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   2.  Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
   3.  Overview  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
   4.  SIP Private Header Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     4.1.  The P-Associated-URI header field . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
       4.1.1.  Applicability statement for the P-Associated-URI
               header field  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
       4.1.2.  Usage of the P-Associated-URI header field  . . . . .   5
     4.2.  The P-Called-Party-ID header field  . . . . . . . . . . .   6
       4.2.1.  Applicability statement for the P-Called-Party-ID
               header field  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
       4.2.2.  Usage of the P-Called-Party-ID header field . . . . .  11
     4.3.  The P-Visited-Network-ID header field . . . . . . . . . .  12
       4.3.1.  Applicability statement for the P-Visited-Network-ID
               header field  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
       4.3.2.  Usage of the P-Visited-Network-ID header field  . . .  13
     4.4.  The P-Access-Network-Info header field  . . . . . . . . .  17
       4.4.1.  Applicability statement for the P-Access-Network-Info
               header field  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  18
       4.4.2.  Usage of the P-Access-Network-Info header . . . . . .  18
     4.5.  The P-Charging-Function-Addresses header field  . . . . .  19
       4.5.1.  Applicability statement for the P-Charging-Function-
               Addresses header field  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  20
       4.5.2.  Usage of the P-Charging-Function-Addresses header
               field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  21
     4.6.  The P-Charging-Vector header  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  23
       4.6.1.  Applicability Statement for the P-Charging-Vector
               header field  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  25
       4.6.2.  Usage of the P-Charging-Vector header field . . . . .  25
       4.6.3.  Usage of the transit-ioi  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  27
       4.6.4.  Usage of the related-icid . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  28
   5.  Formal Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  28
     5.1.  P-Associated-URI header syntax  . . . . . . . . . . . . .  29
     5.2.  P-Called-Party-ID header syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . .  29
     5.3.  P-Visited-Network-ID header syntax  . . . . . . . . . . .  29
     5.4.  P-Access-Network-Info header syntax . . . . . . . . . . .  29
     5.5.  P-Charging-Function-Addresses header field syntax . . . .  31
     5.6.  P-Charging-Vector header syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . .  31
     5.7.  New headers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  33



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   6.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  33
     6.1.  P-Associated-URI  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  33
     6.2.  P-Called-Party-ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  34
     6.3.  P-Visited-Network-ID  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  34
     6.4.  P-Access-Network-Info . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  34
     6.5.  P-Charging-Function-Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  36
     6.6.  P-Charging-Vector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  36
   7.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  36
   8.  Contributors and Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  37
   9.  Appendix: Changes from RFC 3455 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  38
   10. Appendix: Summary of changes between different versions . . .  40
     10.1.  Changes between RFC 3455 and -00 . . . . . . . . . . . .  40
     10.2.  Changes between -00 and -01  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  41
     10.3.  Changes between -01 and -02  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  42
     10.4.  Changes between -02 and -03  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  42
     10.5.  Changes between -03 and -04  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  42
     10.6.  Changes between -04 and -05  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  43
     10.7.  Changes between -05 and -06  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  43
     10.8.  Changes between -06 and -07  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  43
     10.9.  Changes between -07 and -08  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  43
     10.10. Changes between -08 and -09  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  43
     10.11. Changes between -09 and -10  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  43
     10.12. Changes between -10 and -11  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  43
     10.13. Changes between -11 and -12  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  43
     10.14. Changes between -12 and -13  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  44
     10.15. Changes between -13 and -14  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  44
   11. References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  44
     11.1.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  44
     11.2.  Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  45
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  46

1.  Overall Applicability

   The SIP extensions specified in this document make certain
   assumptions regarding network topology, linkage between SIP and lower
   layers, and the availability of transitive trust.  These assumptions
   apply only to private networks and are not appropriate for use in an
   Internet environment.  The mechanisms specified here were designed to
   satisfy the requirements specified in the 3GPP Release 5 requirements
   on SIP [RFC4083] for which either no general-purpose solution was
   planned, where insufficient operational experience was available to
   understand if a general solution is needed, or where a more general
   solution is not yet mature.  For more details about the assumptions
   made about these extensions, consult the Applicability subsection for
   each extension.






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2.  Conventions

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].

3.  Overview

   The Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) uses SIP as the
   protocol to establish and tear down multimedia sessions in the
   context of its IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), as described in the
   3GPP TS 23.228 [TS23.228] and 3GPP TS 24.229 [TS24.229].  RFC3455
   [RFC3455] defines SIP private header extensions (referred to as
   P-headers) which are required by the 3GPP specification.  Note that
   the requirements for these extensions are documented in
   RFC4083[RFC4083].  This document is an update to RFC3455 [RFC3455].
   This document updates existing P-header descriptions to address
   additional requirements which are needed for 3GPP Release 11.  Each
   of the P-headers is described in the sections below.

4.  SIP Private Header Fields

4.1.  The P-Associated-URI header field

   This extension allows a registrar to return a set of associated URIs
   for a registered SIP address-of-record.  We define the P-Associated-
   URI header field, used in the 200 (OK) response to a REGISTER
   request.  The P-Associated-URI header field contains the set of
   Associated URIs that are associated with the registered address-of-
   record.

   In addition to the address-of-record an associated URI is a URI that
   the service provider has allocated to a user.  A registrar contains
   information that allows zero or more URIs to be associated with an
   address-of-record.  Usually, all these URIs (the address-of-record
   and the associated URIs) are allocated for the usage of a particular
   user.  This extension to SIP allows the UAC to know, upon a
   successful authenticated registration, which other URIs, if any, the
   service provider has associated with an address-of-record URI.

   Note that in standard SIP usage RFC3261 [RFC3261], the registrar does
   not register the associated URIs on behalf of the user.  Only the
   address-of-record which is present in the To header field of the
   REGISTER is registered and bound to the contact address.  The only
   information conveyed is that the registrar is aware of other URIs
   that can be used by the same user.





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   It may be possible, however, that an application server (or even the
   registrar itself) registers any of the associated URIs on behalf of
   the user by means of a third party registration.  However, this third
   party registration is out of the scope of this document.  A UAC MUST
   NOT assume that the associated URIs are registered.

   If a UAC wants to check whether any of the associated URIs is
   registered, it can do so by mechanisms specified outside this
   document, e.g., the UA MAY send a REGISTER request with the To header
   field value set to any of the associated URIs and without a Contact
   header field.  The 200 (OK) response will include a Contact header
   field with the list of address-of-record that have been registered
   with contact addresses.  If the associated URI is not registered, the
   UA MAY register it prior to its utilization.

4.1.1.  Applicability statement for the P-Associated-URI header field

   The P-Associated-URI header field is applicable in SIP networks where
   the SIP provider allows a set of identities that a user can claim (in
   header fields like the From header field) in requests that the UA
   generates.  It furthermore assumes that the provider knows the entire
   set of identities that a user can legitimately claim, and that the
   user is willing to restrict its claimed identities to that set.  This
   is in contrast to normal SIP usage, where the From header field is
   explicitly an end-user specified field.

4.1.2.  Usage of the P-Associated-URI header field

   The registrar inserts the P-Associated-URI header field into the 200
   (OK) response to a REGISTER request.  The header field value is
   populated with a list of URIs that are associated to the address-of-
   record.

   If the registrar supports the P-Associated-URI header field extension
   and there is at least one associated URI, then the registrar MUST
   insert the P-Associated-URI header field in all the 200 (OK)
   responses to a REGISTER request.  The absence of a P-Associated-URI
   header field indicates that there is no associated URIs for the
   registered address-of-record.

4.1.2.1.  Procedures at the UA

   A UAC may receive a P-Associated-URI header field in the 200 (OK)
   response for a REGISTER request.  The presence of an header field in
   the 200 (OK) response for a REGISTER request implies that the
   extension is supported at the registrar.





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   The header field value contains a list of one or more associated URIs
   to the address-of-record.  The UAC MAY use any of the associated URIs
   to populate the From header field value, or any other SIP header
   field value that provides information of the identity of the calling
   party, in a subsequent request.

   The UAC MAY check whether the associated URI is registered or not.
   This check can be done, e.g., by populating the To header field value
   in a REGISTER request sent to the registrar and without a Contact
   header field.  The 200 (OK) response will include a Contact header
   field with the list of address-of-record that have been registered
   with contact addresses.  As described in SIP [RFC3261], the 200 (OK)
   response may contain a Contact header field with zero or more values
   (zero meaning the address-of-record is not registered).

4.1.2.2.  Procedures at the registrar

   A registrar that receives and authorizes a REGISTER request, MAY
   associate zero or more URIs with the registered address-of-record.

   If the address-of-record under registration does not have any
   associated URIs, the P-Associated-URI header field SHALL NOT be
   included.

   Otherwise, a registrar that supports this specification MUST include
   a P-Associated-URI header field in the 200 (OK) response to a
   REGISTER request which contains a contact header.  The header field
   MUST be populated with a comma-separated list of URIs which are
   associated to the address-of-record under registration.

4.1.2.3.  Procedures at the proxy

   This header is not intended to be used by proxies - a proxy does not
   add, read, modify or delete the header field, and therefore any proxy
   MUST relay this header field unchanged.

4.2.  The P-Called-Party-ID header field

   A proxy server inserts a P-Called-Party-ID header field, typically in
   an INVITE request, en-route to its destination.  The header is
   populated with the Request-URI received by the proxy in the request.
   The UAS identifies which address-of-record, out of several registered
   address-of-records, the invitation was sent to (for example, the user
   may be simultaneously using one personal SIP URI and one business SIP
   URI to receive invitation to sessions).  The UAS can use the
   information to render different distinctive audiovisual alerting
   tones, depending on the URI used to receive the invitation to the
   session.



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   Users in the 3GPP IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) may get one or
   several SIP URIs (address-of-record) to identify the user.  For
   example, a user may get one business SIP URI and one personal SIP
   URI.  As an example of utilization, the user may make available the
   business SIP URI to co-workers and may make available the personal
   SIP URI to members of the family.

   At a certain point in time, both the business SIP URI and the
   personal SIP URI are registered in the SIP registrar, so both URIs
   can receive invitations to new sessions.  When the user receives an
   invitation to join a session, he/she should be aware of which of the
   registered SIP URIs this session was sent to.

   This requirement is stated in the 3GPP Release 5 requirements on SIP
   [RFC4083].

   The problem arises during the terminating side of a session
   establishment, when the SIP proxy that is serving a UA gets an INVITE
   request, and the SIP server retargets the SIP URI which is present in
   the Request-URI, and replaces it by the SIP URI published by the user
   in the Contact header field of the REGISTER request at registration
   time.  When the UAS receives the INVITE request it cannot determine
   which address-of-record the request was sent to.

   One can argue that the To header field conveys the semantics of the
   called user, and therefore, this extension to SIP is not needed.
   Although the To header field in SIP may convey the called party ID in
   most situations, there are two particular cases when the above
   assumption is not correct:

   1.  The session has been forwarded, redirected, etc., by previous SIP
       proxies, before arriving to the proxy which is serving the called
       user.

   2.  The UAC builds an INVITE request and the To header field is not
       the same as the Request-URI.

   The problem of using the To header field is that this field is
   populated by the UAC and not modified by proxies in the path.  If the
   UAC, for any reason, did not populate the To header field with the
   address-of-record of the destination user, then the destination user
   is not able to distinguish which address-of-record the session was
   destined.

   Another possible solution to the problem is built upon the
   differentiation of the Contact header field value between different
   address-of-record at registration time.  The UA can differentiate
   each address-of-record it registers by assigning a different Contact



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   header field value.  For example, when the UA registers the address-
   of-record sip:id1, the Contact header field value can be sip:id1@ua,
   while the registration of the address-of-record sip:id2 can be bound
   to the Contact header field value sip:id2@ua.

   The solution described above assumes that the UA explicitly registers
   each of its address-of-records, and therefore, it has full control
   over the contact address values assigned to each registration.
   However, if the UA does not have full control of its registered
   address-of-records, because of, e.g., a third party registration, the
   solution does not work.  This may be the case of the 3GPP
   registration, where the UA may have previously indicated to the
   network, by means outside of SIP, that some other address-of-records
   may be automatically registered when the UA registers a particular
   address-of-record.  The requirement is covered in the 3GPP Release 5
   requirements on SIP [RFC4083].

   In the next paragraphs we show an example of the problem, in the case
   there has been some sort of call forwarding in the session, so that
   the UAC is not aware of the intended destination URI in the current
   INVITE request.

   We assume that a User Agent (UA) is registering to its proxy (P1).

     Scenario                      UA --- P1

         F1 Register UA -> P1
              REGISTER sip:example.com SIP/2.0
              Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 192.0.2.4:5060;branch=z9hG4bKnashds7
              To: sip:user1-business@example.com
              From: sip:user1-business@example.com;tag=456248
              Call-ID: 843817637684230998sdasdh09
              CSeq: 1826 REGISTER
              Contact: <sip:user1@192.0.2.4>

   The user also registers his personal URI to his/her registrar.

         F2 Register UA -> P1
              REGISTER sip:example.com SIP/2.0
              Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 192.0.2.4:5060;branch=z9hG4bKnashdt8
              To: sip:user1-personal@example.com
              From: sip:user1-personal@example.com;tag=346249
              Call-ID: 2Q3817637684230998sdasdh10
              CSeq: 1827 REGISTER
              Contact: <sip:user1@192.0.2.4>

   Later, the proxy/registrar (P1) receives an INVITE request from
   another proxy (P2) destined to the user's business SIP address-of-



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   record.  We assume that this INVITE request has undergone some sort
   of forwarding in the past, and as such, the To header field is not
   populated with the SIP URI of the user.  In this case we assume that
   the session was initially addressed to sip:other-
   user@othernetwork.com.  The SIP server at othernetwork.com has
   forwarded this session to sip:user1-business@example.com

            Scenario                      UA --- P1 --- P2

         F3 Invite P2 -> P1
              INVITE sip:user1-business@example.com SIP/2.0
              Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 192.0.2.20:5060;branch=z9hG4bK03djaoe1
              To: sip:other-user@othernetwork.com
              From: sip:another-user@anothernetwork.com;tag=938s0
              Call-ID: 843817637684230998sdasdh09
              CSeq: 101 INVITE

   The proxy P1 retargets the user and replaces the Request-URI with the
   SIP URI published during registration time in the Contact header
   field value.

         F4 Invite P1 -> UA
              INVITE sip:user1@192.0.2.4 SIP/2.0
              Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 192.0.2.10:5060;branch=z9hG4bKg48sh128
              Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 192.0.2.20:5060;branch=z9hG4bK03djaoe1
              To: sip:other-user@othernetwork.com
              From: sip:another-user@anothernetwork.com;tag=938s0
              Call-ID: 843817637684230998sdasdh09
              CSeq: 101 INVITE

   When the UAS receives the INVITE request, it cannot determine whether
   it got the session invitation due to his registration of the business
   or the personal address-of-record.  Neither the UAS nor proxies or
   application servers can provide this user a service based on the
   destination address-of-record of the session.

   We solve this problem by allowing the proxy that is responsible for
   the home domain (as defined in SIP) of the user to insert a P-Called-
   Party-ID header field that identifies the address-of-record to which
   this session is destined.

   If this SIP extension is used, the proxy serving the called user will
   get the message flow F5, it will populate the P-Called-Party-ID
   header field in message flow F6 with the contents of the Request-URI
   in F4.  This is show in flows F5 and F6 below:






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         F5 Invite P2 -> P1
              INVITE sip:user1-business@example.com SIP/2.0
              Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 192.0.2.20:5060;branch=z9hG4bK03djaoe1
              To: sip:other-user@othernetwork.com
              From: sip:another-user@anothernetwork.com;tag=938s0
              Call-ID: 843817637684230998sdasdh09
              CSeq: 101 INVITE

         F6 Invite P1 -> UA
              INVITE sip:user1@192.0.2.4 SIP/2.0
              Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 192.0.2.10:5060;branch=z9hG4bKg48sh128
              Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 192.0.2.20:5060;branch=z9hG4bK03djaoe1
              To: sip:other-user@othernetwork.com
              From: sip:another-user@anothernetwork.com;tag=938s0
              Call-ID: 843817637684230998sdasdh09
              P-Called-Party-ID: sip:user1-business@example.com
              CSeq: 101 INVITE

   When the UA receives the INVITE request F6 it can determine the
   intended address-of-record of the session, and apply whatever service
   is needed for that address-of-record.

4.2.1.  Applicability statement for the P-Called-Party-ID header field

   The P-Called-Party-ID header field is applicable when the UAS needs
   to be aware of the intended address-of-record that was present in the
   Request-URI of the request, before the proxy retargets to the contact
   address.  The UAS may be interested in applying different audiovisual
   alerting effects or other filtering services, depending on the
   intended destination of the request.  It is specially valuable when
   the UAS has registered several address-of-records to his registrar,
   and therefore, the UAS is not aware of the address-of-record that was
   present in the INVITE request when it hit his proxy/registrar, unless
   this extension is used.

   P-Called-Party-ID header field and the History-Info header field: At
   the time RFC3455 [RFC3455]was drafted, the History-Info header field
   was a long way from specification; this header has now been specified
   and approved in RFC 7044[RFC7044].  It is acknowledged that the
   History-Info header field will provide equivalent coverage to that of
   the P-Called-Party-ID header field.  However the P-Called-Party-ID
   header field is used entirely within the 3GPP system and does not
   appear to SIP entities outside that of a single 3GPP operator.








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4.2.2.  Usage of the P-Called-Party-ID header field

   The P-Called-Party-ID header field provides proxies and the UAS with
   the address-of-record that was present in the Request-URI of the
   request, before a proxy retargets the request.  This information is
   intended to be used by subsequent proxies in the path or by the UAS.

   Typically, a SIP proxy inserts the P-Called-Party-ID header field
   prior to retargetting the Request-URI in the SIP request.  The header
   field value is populated with the contents of the Request-URI, prior
   to replacing it with the contact address.

4.2.2.1.  Procedures at the UA

   A UAC MUST NOT insert a P-Called-Party-ID header field in any SIP
   request or response.

   A UAS may receive a SIP request that contains a P-Called-Party-ID
   header field.  The header field will be populated with the address-
   of-record received by the proxy in the Request-URI of the request,
   prior to its forwarding to the UAS.

   The UAS MAY use the value in the P-Called-Party-ID header field to
   provide services based on the called party URI, such as, e.g.,
   filtering of calls depending on the date and time, distinctive
   presentation services, distinctive alerting tones, etc.

4.2.2.2.  Procedures at the proxy

   A proxy that has access to the contact information of the user, can
   insert a P-Called-Party-ID header field in any of the requests
   indicated in the Table 1 (Section 5.7).  When included, the proxy
   MUST populate the header field value with the contents of the
   Request-URI present in the SIP request that the proxy received.

   It is necessary that the proxy which inserts the P-Called-Party-ID
   header field has information about the user, in order to prevent a
   wrong delivery of the called party ID.  This information may, for
   example have been learned through a registration process.

   A proxy or application server that receives a request containing a P
   -Called-Party-ID header field MAY use the contents of the header
   field to provide a service to the user based on the URI of that
   header field value.

   A SIP proxy MUST NOT insert a P-Called-Party-ID header field in
   REGISTER requests.




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4.3.  The P-Visited-Network-ID header field

   3GPP networks are composed of a collection of so called home
   networks, visited networks and subscribers.  A particular home
   network may have roaming agreements with one or more visited
   networks.  This has the effect that when a mobile terminal is
   roaming, it can use resources provided by the visited network in a
   transparent fashion.

   One of the conditions for a home network to accept the registration
   of a UA roaming to a particular visited network, is the existence of
   a roaming agreement between the home and the visited network.  There
   is a need to indicate to the home network which one is the visited
   network that is providing services to the roaming UA.

   3GPP user agents always register to the home network.  The REGISTER
   request is proxied by one or more proxies located in the visited
   network towards the home network.  For the sake of a simple approach,
   it seems sensible that the visited network includes an identification
   that is known to the home network.  This identification should be
   globally unique, and takes the form of a quoted text string or a
   token.  The home network may use this identification to verify the
   existence of a roaming agreement with the visited network, and to
   authorize the registration through that visited network.

   Note that P-Visited-Network information reveals the location of the
   user, to the level of the coverage area of the visited network.  For
   a national network, for example, P-Visited-Network would reveal that
   the user is in the country in question.

4.3.1.  Applicability statement for the P-Visited-Network-ID header
        field

   The P-Visited-Network-ID header field is applicable whenever the
   following circumstances are met:

   1.  There is transitive trust in intermediate proxies between the UA
       and the home network proxy via established relationships between
       the home network and the visited network, supported by the use of
       standard security mechanisms, e.g., IPsec, AKA, or TLS.

   2.  An endpoint is using resources provided by one or more visited
       networks (a network to which the user does not have a direct
       business relationship).

   3.  A proxy that is located in one of the visited networks wants to
       be identified at the user's home network.




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   4.  There is no requirement that every visited network needs to be
       identified at the home network.  Those networks that want to be
       identified make use of this extension.  Those networks that do
       not want to be identified do nothing.

   5.  A commonly pre-agreed text string or token identifies the visited
       network at the home network.

   6.  The UAC sends a REGISTER request or dialog-initiating request
       (e.g., INVITE request) or a standalone request outside a dialog
       (e.g., OPTIONS request) to a proxy in a visited network.

   7.  The request traverses, en route to its destination, a first proxy
       located in the visited network, and a second proxy located in the
       home network or its destination is the registrar in the home
       network.

   8.  The registrar or home proxy verifies and authorizes the usage of
       resources (e.g., proxies) in the visited network.

   The P-Visited-Network-ID header field assumes that there is trust
   relationship between a home network and one or more transited visited
   networks.  It is possible for other proxies between the proxy in the
   visited network that inserts the header, and the registrar or the
   home proxy, to modify the value of P-Visited-Network-ID header field.
   Therefore intermediaries participating in this mechanism MUST apply a
   hop-by-hop integrity protection mechanism such as IPsec or other
   available mechanisms in order to prevent such attacks.

4.3.2.  Usage of the P-Visited-Network-ID header field

   The P-Visited-Network-ID header field is used to convey to the
   registrar or home proxy in the home network the identifier of a
   visited network.  The identifier is a text string or token that is
   known by both the registrar or the home proxy at the home network and
   the proxies in the visited network.

   Typically, the home network authorizes the UA to roam to a particular
   visited network.  This action requires an existing roaming agreement
   between the home and the visited network.

   While it is possible for a home network to identify one or more
   visited networks by inspecting the domain name in the Via header
   fields, this approach has a heavy dependency on DNS.  It is an option
   for a proxy to populate the Via header field with an IP address, for
   example, and in the absence of a reverse DNS entry, the IP address
   will not convey the desired information.




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   Any SIP proxy in the visited network that receives any of the
   requests indicated in Table 1 (Section 5.7) MAY insert a P-Visited-
   Network-ID header field when it forwards the request.  In case a
   REGISTER request or other request is traversing different
   administrative domains (e.g., different visited networks), a SIP
   proxy MAY insert a new P-Visited-Network-ID header field if the
   request does not contain a P-Visited-Network-ID header field with the
   same network identifier as its own network identifier (e.g., if the
   request has traversed other different administrative domains).

   Note also that, there is no requirement for this header field value
   to be readable in the proxies.  Therefore, a first proxy MAY insert
   an encrypted header field that only the registrar can decrypt.  If
   the request traverses a second proxy located in the same
   administrative domain as the first proxy, the second proxy may not be
   able to read the contents of the P-Visited-Network-ID header field.
   In this situation, the second proxy will consider that its visited
   network identifier is not already present in the value of the header
   field, and therefore, it will insert a new P-Visited-Network-ID
   header field value (hopefully with the same identifier that the first
   proxy inserted, although perhaps, not encrypted).  When the request
   arrives at the registrar or proxy in the home network, it will notice
   that the header field value is repeated (both the first and the
   second proxy inserted it).  The decrypted values should be the same,
   because both proxies where part of the same administrative domain.
   While this situation is not desirable, it does not create any harm at
   the registrar or proxy in the home network.

   The P-Visited-Network-ID header field is normally used at
   registration.  However, this extension does not preclude other
   usages.  For example, a proxy located in a visited network that does
   not maintain registration state MAY insert a P-Visited-Network-ID
   header field into any standalone request outside a dialog or a
   request that creates a dialog.  At the time of writing this document,
   the only requests that create dialogs are INVITE requests [RFC3261],
   SUBSCRIBE requests [RFC6665] and REFER requests [RFC3515].

   In order to avoid conflicts with identifiers, especially when the
   number of roaming agreements between networks increase, care must be
   taken when selecting the value of the P-Visited-Network-ID header
   field.  The identifier MUST be globally unique to avoid duplications.
   Although there are many mechanism to create globally unique
   identifiers across networks, one of such as mechanisms is already in
   operation, and that is DNS.  The P-Visited-Network-ID header field
   does not have any connection to DNS, but the values in the header
   field can be chosen from the own DNS entry representing the domain
   name of the network.  This guarantees the uniqueness of the value.




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4.3.2.1.  Procedures at the UA

   In the context of the network to which the header fields defined in
   this document apply, a User Agent has no knowledge of the P-Visited-
   Network-ID when sending the REGISTER request.  Therefore user agent
   clients MUST NOT insert a P-Visited-Network-ID header field in any
   SIP message.

4.3.2.2.  Procedures at the registrar and proxy

   A SIP proxy which is located in a visited network MAY insert a P
   -Visited-Network-ID header field in any of the requests indicated in
   the Table 1 (Section 5.7).  The header field MUST be populated with
   the contents of a text string or a token that identifies the
   administrative domain of the network where the proxy is operating
   towards the user's home network.

   A SIP proxy or registrar which is located in the home network can use
   the contents of the P-Visited-Network-ID header field as an
   identifier of one or more visited networks that the request
   traversed.  The proxy or registrar in the home network may take local
   policy driven actions based on the existence or not of a roaming
   agreement between the home and the visited networks.  This means, for
   instance, authorize the actions of the request based on the contents
   of the P-Visited-Network-ID header field.

   A SIP proxy which is located in the home network MUST delete this
   header field when forwarding the message outside the home network
   administrative domain, in order to retain the user's privacy.

   A SIP proxy which is located in the home network SHOULD delete this
   header field when the home proxy has used the contents of the header
   field or the request is routed based on the called partys
   identification, even when the request is not forwarded outside the
   home network administrative domain.

   Note that a received P-Visited-Network-ID from a UA is not allowed
   and MUST be deleted when the request is forwarded.

4.3.2.3.  Examples of Usage

   We present example in the context of the scenario presented in the
   following network diagram:

     Scenario            UA --- P1 --- P2 --- REGISTRAR

   This example shows the message sequence for a REGISTER transaction
   originating from UA eventually arriving at the REGISTRAR.  P1 is an



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   outbound proxy in the visited network for UA.  In this case P1
   inserts the P-Visited-Network-ID header field.  P1 then routes the
   REGISTER request to REGISTRAR via P2.

   Message sequence for REGISTER using P-Visited-Network-ID header
   field:

         F1 Register UA -> P1
              REGISTER sip:example.com SIP/2.0
              Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 192.0.2.4:5060;branch=z9hG4bKnashds7
              To: sip:user1-business@example.com
              From: sip:user1-business@example.com;tag=456248
              Call-ID: 843817637684230998sdasdh09
              CSeq: 1826 REGISTER
              Contact: <sip:user1@192.0.2.4>

   In flow F2, proxy P1 adds its own identifier in a quoted string to
   the P-Visited-Network-ID header field.

         F2 Register P1 -> P2
              REGISTER sip:example.com SIP/2.0
              Via: SIP/2.0/UDP p1@visited.net;branch=z9hG4bK203igld
              Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 192.0.2.4:5060;branch=z9hG4bKnashd8
              To: sip:user1-personal@example.com
              From: sip:user1-personal@example.com;tag=346249
              Call-ID: 2Q3817637684230998sdasdh10
              CSeq: 1826 REGISTER
              Contact: <sip:user1@192.0.2.4>
              P-Visited-Network-ID: "Visited network number 1"

   Finally, in flow F3, proxy P2 decides to insert its own identifier,
   derived from its own domain name to the P-Visited-Network-ID header
   field.

         F3 Register P2 -> REGISTRAR
              REGISTER sip:example.com SIP/2.0
              Via: SIP/2.0/UDP p2@other.net;branch=z9hG4bK2bndnvk
              Via: SIP/2.0/UDP p1@visited.net;branch=z9hG4bK203igld
              Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 192.0.2.4:5060;branch=z9hG4bKnashd8
              To: sip:user1-personal@example.com
              From: sip:user1-personal@example.com;tag=346249
              Call-ID: 2Q3817637684230998sdasdh10
              CSeq: 1826 REGISTER
              Contact: <sip:user1@192.0.2.4>
              P-Visited-Network-ID: other.net,"Visited network number 1"






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4.4.  The P-Access-Network-Info header field

   This section describes the P-Access-Network-Info header field.  This
   header field is useful in SIP-based networks that also provide layer
   2/layer 3 connectivity through different access technologies.  SIP
   User Agents may use this header field to relay information about the
   access technology to proxies that are providing services.  The
   serving proxy may then use this information to optimize services for
   the UA.  For example, a 3GPP UA may use this header field to pass
   information about the access network such as radio access technology
   and radio cell identity to its home service provider.

   For the purpose of this extension, we define an access network as the
   network providing the layer 2/layer 3 IP connectivity which in turn
   provides a user with access to the SIP capabilities and services
   provided.

   In some cases, the SIP server that provides the user with services
   may wish to know information about the type of access network that
   the UA is currently using.  Some services are more suitable or less
   suitable depending on the access type, and some services are of more
   value to subscribers if the access network details are known by the
   SIP proxy which provides the user with services.

   In other cases, the SIP server that provides the user with services
   may simply wish to know crude location information in order to
   provide certain services to the user.  For example, many of the
   location based services available in wireless networks today require
   the home network to know the identity of the cell the user is being
   served by.

   Some regulatory requirements exist mandating that for cellular radio
   systems, the identity of the cell where an emergency call is
   established is made available to the emergency authorities.

   The SIP server that provides services to the user may desire to have
   knowledge about the access network.  This is achieved by defining a
   new private SIP extension header field, P-Access-Network-Info header
   field.  This header field carries information relating to the access
   network between the UAC and its serving proxy in the home network.

   A proxy providing services based on the P-Access-Network header field
   must consider the trust relationship to the UA or outbound proxy
   including the P-Access-Network header field.







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4.4.1.  Applicability statement for the P-Access-Network-Info header
        field

   This mechanism is appropriate in environments where SIP services are
   dependent on SIP elements knowing details about the IP and lower
   layer technologies used by a UA to connect to the SIP network.
   Specifically, the extension requires that the UA know the access
   technology it is using, and that a proxy desires such information to
   provide services.  Generally, SIP is built on the "Everything over IP
   and IP over everything" principle, where the access technology is not
   relevant for the operation of SIP.  Since SIP systems generally
   should not care or even know about the access technology, this SIP
   extension is not for general SIP usage.

   The information revealed in the P-Access-Network-Info header field is
   potentially very sensitive.  Proper protection of this information
   depends on the existence of specific business and security
   relationships amongst the proxies that will see SIP messages
   containing this header field.  It also depends on explicit knowledge
   of the UA of the existence of those relationships.  Therefore, this
   mechanism is only suitable in environments where the appropriate
   relationships are in place, and the UA has explicit knowledge that
   they exist.

4.4.2.  Usage of the P-Access-Network-Info header

   When a UA generates a SIP request or response which it knows is going
   to be securely sent to its SIP proxy that is providing services, the
   UA inserts a P-Access-Network-Info header field into field the SIP
   message.  This header contains information on the access network that
   the UA is using to get IP connectivity.  The header is typically
   ignored by intermediate proxies between the UA and the SIP proxy that
   is providing services.  The proxy providing services can inspect the
   header and make use of the information contained there to provide
   appropriate services, depending on the value of the header.  Before
   proxying the request onwards to a non-trusted administrative network
   domain, this proxy strips the header from the message.

   Additionally, the first outbound proxy, if in possession of
   appropriate information, can also add a P-Access-Network-Info header
   field with its own information.

4.4.2.1.  UA behavior

   A UA that supports this extension and is willing to disclose the
   related parameters MAY insert the P-Access-Network-Info header field
   in any SIP request or response.




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   The UA inserting this information MUST have a trust relationship with
   the proxy that is providing services to protect its privacy by
   deleting the header before forwarding the message outside of the
   proxy's domain.  This proxy is typically located in the home network.

   In order to avoid the deletion of the header, there MUST also be a
   transitive trust in intermediate proxies between the UA and the proxy
   that provides the services.  This trust is established by business
   agreements between the home network and the access network, and
   generally supported by the use of standard security mechanisms, e.g.,
   IPsec, AKA, and TLS.

4.4.2.2.  Proxy behavior

   A proxy MUST NOT modify the value of the P-Access-Network-Info header
   field.

   A proxy in possession of appropriate information about the access
   technology MAY insert a P-Access-Network-Info header field with its
   own values.  An proxy sending towards an untrusted entity MUST remove
   any P-Access-Network-Info header field containing a "network-
   provided" value.

   A proxy which is providing services to the UA, can act upon any
   information present in the P-Access-Network-Info header field value,
   if is present, to provide a different service depending on the
   network or the location through which the UA is accessing the server.
   For example, for cellular radio access networks the SIP proxy located
   in the home network MAY use the cell ID to provide basic localized
   services.

   A proxy that provides services to the user is typically located in
   the home network, and therefore trusted.  It MUST delete the header
   when the SIP signaling is forwarded to a SIP server located in a non-
   trusted administrative network domain.  The SIP server providing
   services to the UA uses the access network information which is of no
   interest to other proxies located in different administrative
   domains.

4.5.  The P-Charging-Function-Addresses header field

   3GPP has defined a distributed architecture that results in multiple
   network entities becoming involved in providing access and services.
   There is a need to inform each SIP proxy involved in a transaction
   about the common charging functional entities to receive the
   generated charging records or charging events.





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   The solution provided by 3GPP is to define two types of charging
   functional entities: Charging Collection Function (CCF) and Event
   Charging Function (ECF).  CCF is used for off-line charging (e.g.,
   for postpaid account charging).  ECF is used for on-line charging
   (e.g., for pre-paid account charging).  There may be more than a
   single instance of CCF and ECF in a network, in order to provide
   redundancy in the network.  In case there are more than a single
   instance of either the CCF or the ECF addresses, implementations
   SHOULD attempt sending the charging data to the ECF or CCF address,
   starting with the first address of the sequence (if any) in the P
   -Charging-Function-Addresses header field.  If the first address of
   the sequence is not available then the next address (ccf-2 or ecf-2)
   MUST be used if available.  The CCF and ECF addresses MAY be passed
   during the establishment of a dialog or in a standalone transaction.
   More detailed information about charging can be found in 3GPP TS
   32.240 [TS32.240] and 3GPP TS 32.260 [TS32.260].

   We define the SIP private header field P-Charging-Function-Addresses
   header field.  A proxy MAY include this header field, if not already
   present, in either the initial request or response for a dialog, or
   in the request and response of a standalone transaction outside a
   dialog.  When present, only one instance of the header MUST be
   present in a particular request or response.

   The mechanisms by which a SIP proxy collects the values to populate
   the P-Charging-Function-Addresses header field values are outside the
   scope of this document.  However, as an example, a SIP proxy may have
   preconfigured these addresses, or may obtain them from a subscriber
   database.

4.5.1.  Applicability statement for the P-Charging-Function-Addresses
        header field

   The P-Charging-Function-Addresses header field is applicable within a
   single private administrative domain where coordination of charging
   is required, for example, according to the architecture specified in
   3GPP TS 32.240 [TS32.240].

   The P-Charging-Function-Addresses header field is not included in a
   SIP message sent outside of the own administrative domain.  The
   header is not applicable if the administrative domain does not
   provide a charging function.

   The P-Charging-Function-Addresses header field is applicable whenever
   the following circumstances are met:

   1.  A UA sends a REGISTER or dialog-initiating request (e.g., INVITE
       request) or a standalone transaction request outside a dialog to



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       a proxy located in the administrative domain of a private
       network.

   2.  A registrar, proxy or UA that is located in the administrative
       domain of the private network wants to generate charging records.

   3.  A registrar, proxy or UA that is located in the private network
       has access to the addresses of the charging function entities for
       that network.

   4.  There are other proxies located in the same administrative domain
       of the private network, that generate charging records or
       charging events.  The proxies want to send, by means outside SIP,
       the charging information to the same charging collecting entities
       than the first proxy.

4.5.2.  Usage of the P-Charging-Function-Addresses header field

   A SIP proxy that receives a SIP request MAY insert a P-Charging-
   Function-Addresses header field prior to forwarding the request, if
   the header was not already present in the SIP request.  The header
   filed contains one or more parameters that contain the hostnames or
   IP addresses of the nodes that are willing to receive charging
   information.

   A SIP proxy that receives a SIP request that includes a P-Charging-
   Function-Addresses header field can use the hostnames or IP addresses
   included in the value, as the destination of charging information or
   charging events.  The means to send those charging information or
   events are outside the scope of this document, and usually, do not
   use SIP for that purpose.

4.5.2.1.  Procedures at the UA

   This document does not specify any procedure at the UA located
   outside the administrative domain of a private network, with regard
   to the P-Charging-Function-Addresses header field.  Such UAs need not
   understand this header.

   However, it might be possible that a UA is located within the
   administrative domain of a private network (e.g., a PSTN gateway, or
   conference mixer), and it may have access to the addresses of the
   charging entities.  In this case, a UA MAY insert the P-Charging-
   Function-Addresses header field in a SIP request or response when the
   next hop for the message is a proxy or UA located in the same
   administrative domain.  Similarly such a UA MAY use the contents of
   the P-Charging-Function-Addresses header field in communicating with
   the charging entities.



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4.5.2.2.  Procedures at the Proxy

   A SIP proxy that supports this extension and receives a request or
   response without the P-Charging-Function-Addresses header field MAY
   insert a P-Charging-Function-Addresses header field prior to
   forwarding the message.  The header is populated with a list of the
   addresses of one or more charging entities where the proxy should
   send charging related information.

   If a proxy that supports this extension receives a request or
   response with the P-Charging-Function-Addresses header field, it MAY
   retrieve the information from the header field to use with
   application specific logic, i.e., charging.  If the next hop for the
   message is within the administrative domain of the proxy, then the
   proxy SHOULD include the P-Charging-Function-Addresses header field
   in the outbound message.  However, if the next hop for the message is
   outside the administrative domain of the proxy, then the proxy MUST
   remove the P-Charging-Function-Addresses header field.

4.5.2.3.  Examples of Usage

   We present example in the context of the scenario presented in the
   following network diagram:

         Scenario                   UA1 --- P1 --- P2 --- UA2


   In the scenario we assume that P1 and P2 belong to the same
   administrative domain.

   The example below shows the message sequence for an INVITE
   transaction originating from UA1 eventually arriving at UA2.  P1 is
   an outbound proxy for UA1.  In this case P1 inserts charging
   information.  P1 then routes the request via P2 to UA2.

   Message sequence for INVITE using P-Charging-Function-Addresses
   header field:














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         F1 Invite UA1 -> P1
            INVITE sip:ua2@home1.net SIP/2.0
            Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 192.0.2.4:5060;branch=z9hG4bKnashds7
            To: sip:ua2@home1.net
            From: sip:ua1@home1.net;tag=456248
            Call-ID: 843817637684230998sdasdh09
            CSeq: 18 INVITE
            Contact: sip:ua1@192.0.2.4

         F2 Invite P1 -> P2
            INVITE sip:ua2@home1.net SIP/2.0
            Via: SIP/2.0/UDP p1@home1.net:5060;branch=z9hG4bK34ghi7ab04
            Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 192.0.2.4:5060;branch=z9hG4bKnashds7
            To: sip:ua2@home1.net
            From: sip:ua1@home1.net;tag=456248
            Call-ID: 843817637684230998sdasdh09
            CSeq: 18 INVITE
            Contact: sip:ua1@192.0.2.4
            P-Charging-Function-Addresses:
                                     ccf=192.0.8.1; ecf=192.0.8.3,
                                     ccf-2=192.0.8.2; ecf-2=192.0.8.4


   Now both P1 and P2 are aware of the IP addresses of the entities that
   collect charging record or charging events.  Both proxies can send
   the charging information to the same entities.

4.6.  The P-Charging-Vector header

   3GPP has defined a distributed architecture that results in multiple
   network entities becoming involved in providing access and services.
   Operators need the ability and flexibility to charge for the access
   and services as they see fit.  This requires coordination among the
   network entities (e.g., SIP proxies), which includes correlating
   charging records generated from different entities that are related
   to the same session.

   The correlation information includes, but is not limited to a
   globally unique charging identifier that makes easy the billing
   effort.

   A charging vector is defined as a collection of charging information.
   The charging vector MAY be filled in during the establishment of a
   dialog or standalone transaction outside a dialog.  The information
   inside the charging vector MAY be filled in by multiple network
   entities (including SIP proxies) and retrieved by multiple network
   entities.  There are three types of correlation information to be
   transferred: the IMS Charging Identity (ICID) value, the address of



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   the SIP proxy that creates the ICID value, and the Inter Operator
   Identifiers (IOI).

   ICID is a charging value that identifies a dialog or a transaction
   outside a dialog.  It is used to correlate charging records.  ICID
   MUST be a globally unique value.  One way to achieve globally
   uniqueness is to generate the ICID using two components: a locally
   unique value and the host name or IP address of the SIP proxy that
   generated the locally unique value.

   The IOI identifies both the originating and terminating networks
   involved in a SIP dialog or transaction outside a dialog.  There MAY
   be an IOI generated from each side of the dialog to identify the
   network associated with each side.

   Additionally in a multi network environment one or more transit IOI
   identifiers MAY be included along the path of the SIP dialog or
   transaction outside a dialog.  Due to network policy a void value MAY
   be included instead of the transit network name.  The void value is
   used to indicate that a transit network appeared but due to operator
   policy the network name is not shown.

   Additionally in a multi service provider environment one or more
   transit IOI identifiers MAY be included along the path of the SIP
   dialog or transaction outside a dialog.  Due to service provider
   policy a void value MAY be included instead of the transit service
   provider.  The void value is used to indicate that a transit appeared
   but due to service provider policy the service provider name is not
   shown.

   There is also expected to be access network charging information,
   which consists of network specific identifiers for the access level
   (e.g., UMTS radio access network or IEEE 802.11b).  The details of
   the information for each type of network are not described in this
   memo.

   We define the SIP private header P-Charging-Vector header field.  A
   proxy MAY include this header, if not already present, in either the
   initial request or response for a dialog, or in the request and
   response of a standalone transaction outside a dialog.  When present
   only one instance of the header MUST be present in a particular
   request or response.

   The mechanisms by which a SIP proxy collects the values to populate
   the P-Charging-Vector header field are outside the scope of this
   document.





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4.6.1.  Applicability Statement for the P-Charging-Vector header field

   The P-Charging-Vector header field is applicable within a single
   private administrative domain or between different administrative
   domains where there is a trust relationship between the domains.

   The P-Charging-Vector header field is not included in a SIP message
   sent to another network if there is no trust relationship.  The
   header is not applicable if the administrative domain manages
   charging in a way that does not require correlation of records from
   multiple network entities (e.g., SIP proxies).

   The P-Charging-Vector header field is applicable whenever the
   following circumstances are met:

   1.  A UA sends a REGISTER or dialog-initiating request (e.g., INVITE)
       or mid-dialog request (e.g., UPDATE) or a standalone transaction
       request outside a dialog to a proxy located in the administrative
       domain of a private network.

   2.  A registrar, proxy or UA that is located in the administrative
       domain of the private network wants to generate charging records.

   3.  A proxy or UA that is located in the administrative domain of the
       private network has access to the charging correlation
       information for that network.

   4.  Optionally, a registrar, proxy or UA that is part of a second
       administrative domain in another private network, whose SIP
       requests and responses are traversed through, en-route to/from
       the first private network, wants to generate charging records and
       correlate those records with those of the first private network.
       This assumes that there is a trust relationship between both
       private networks.

4.6.2.  Usage of the P-Charging-Vector header field

   The P-Charging-Vector header field is used to convey charging related
   information, such as the globally unique IMS charging identifier
   (ICID) value.

   Typically, a SIP proxy that receives a SIP request that does not
   contain a P-Charging-Vector header field MAY insert it, with those
   parameters that are available at the SIP proxy.

   A SIP proxy that receives a SIP request that contains a P-Charging-
   Vector header field can use the values, such as the globally unique
   ICID, to produce charging records.



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4.6.2.1.  Procedures at the UA

   This document does not specify any procedure at a UA located outside
   the administrative domain of a private network (e.g., PSTN gateway or
   conference mixer), with regard to the P-Charging-Vector header field.
   UAs need not understand this header.

   However, it might be possible that a UA is located within the
   administrative domain of a private network (e.g., a PSTN gateway, or
   conference mixer), and it may interact with the charging entities.
   In this cases, a UA MAY insert the P-Charging-Vector header field in
   a SIP request or response when the next hop for the message is a
   proxy or UA located in the same administrative domain.  Similar such
   a UA MAY use the contents of the P-Charging-Vector header field in
   communicating with the charging entities.

4.6.2.2.  Procedures at the Proxy

   A SIP proxy that supports this extension and receives a request or
   response without the P-Charging-Vector header field MAY insert a P
   -Charging-Vector header field prior to forwarding the message.  The
   header is populated with one or more parameters, as described in the
   syntax, including but not limited to, a globally unique charging
   identifier.

   If a proxy that supports this extension receives a request or
   response with the P-Charging-Vector header field, it MAY retrieve the
   information from the header value to use with application specific
   logic, i.e., charging.  If the next hop for the message is within the
   trusted domain, then the proxy SHOULD include the P-Charging-Vector
   header field in the outbound message.  If the next hop for the
   message is outside the trusted domain, then the proxy MAY remove the
   P-Charging-Function-Addresses header field.

   Per local application specific logic, the proxy MAY modify the
   contents of the P-Charging-Vector header field prior to sending the
   message.

4.6.2.3.  Examples of Usage

   We present example in the context of the scenario presented in the
   following network diagram:

    Scenario                      UA1 --- P1 --- P2 --- UA2


   This example shows the message sequence for an INVITE transaction
   originating from UA1 eventually arriving at UA2.  P1 is an outbound



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   proxy for UA1.  In this case P1 inserts charging information.  P1
   then routes the call via P2 to UA2.

   Message sequence for INVITE using P-Charging-Vector header field:

         F1 Invite UA1 -> P1
              INVITE sip:joe@example.com SIP/2.0
              Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 192.0.2.4:5060;branch=z9hG4bKnashds7
              To: sip:joe@example.com
              From: sip:ua1@home1.net;tag=456248
              Call-ID: 843817637684230998sdasdh09
              CSeq: 18 INVITE
              Contact: sip:ua1@192.0.2.4

         F2 Invite P1 -> P2
              INVITE sip:joe@example.com SIP/2.0
              Via: SIP/2.0/UDP P1@home1.net:5060;branch=z9hG4bK34ghi7a
              Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 192.0.2.4:5060;branch=z9hG4bKnashds7
              To: sip:joe@example.com
              From: sip:ua1@home1.net;tag=456248
              Call-ID: 843817637684230998sdasdh09
              CSeq: 18 INVITE
              Contact: sip:ua1@192.0.2.4
              P-Charging-Vector: icid-value=1234bc9876e;
                                 icid-generated-at=192.0.6.8;
                                 orig-ioi=home1.net

4.6.3.  Usage of the transit-ioi

   The transit-ioi is added to the P-Charging-Vector header field when
   traversing transit networks.  It is allowed to have multiple transit-
   ioi values within one SIP message or response.  The values within the
   response are independent from the values set up within the request.

   The element could be either added by a transit network itself or by
   the succeeding network at the entry point where the preceding network
   is known.  Based on network policy a void value can be used.

   Depending on the call scenario, each transit network can add either a
   transit network name or a void value.  However, it can not be
   guaranteed that all the values that are added will appear within the
   P-Charging-Vector header field.

   Some networks can screen the P-Charging-Vector header field and
   delete transit-ioi values, e.g. networks not supporting this value.
   There are scenarios where the appearance of the transit-ioi values of
   all networks is needed to have a correct end-to-end view.




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   The policies of adding, modifying and deletion of transit-ioi values
   are out of the scope of this document.

   The transit-ioi contains an indexed value which MUST be incremented
   with each value added to the P-charging-Vector header field.

   A void value has no index.  By adding the next value the index has to
   be incremented by the number of void entries +1.

4.6.3.1.  Procedures at the Proxy

   Procedures described within 4.6.2.2 apply.  A transit-ioi MAY be
   added or modified by a proxy.  A deletion of the transit-ioi or a
   entry within the tranist-ioi could appear depending on the network
   policy and trust rules.  This is also valid by replacing the transit-
   ioi with a void value.

4.6.4.  Usage of the related-icid

4.6.4.1.  Procedures at the UA

   The UAS acting as a B2BUA MAY add the related-icid into the P
   -Charging-Vector header field into SIP request or SIP responses.  For
   example, the UAS can include the related-icid in a response to an
   INVITE request when the received INVITE request creates a new call
   leg towards the same remote end.  The value of the related-icid is
   the icid value of the original dialog towards the remote end.

4.6.4.2.  Procedures at the Proxy

   Procedures described within 4.6.2.2 apply.  A related-icid and
   "related-icid-generated-at" MAY be added or modified by a proxy.  A
   deletion of the elements could appear depending on the network policy
   and trust rules.

5.  Formal Syntax

   All of the mechanisms specified in this document are described in
   both prose and an augmented Backus-Naur Form (BNF) defined in RFC5234
   [RFC5234].  Further, several BNF definitions are inherited from SIP
   and are not repeated here.  Implementors need to be familiar with the
   notation and contents of SIP RFC3261 [RFC3261] and RFC5234 [RFC5234]
   to understand this document.








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5.1.  P-Associated-URI header syntax

   The syntax of the P-Associated-URI header field is described as
   follows:

      P-Associated-URI       = "P-Associated-URI" HCOLON
                                  [p-aso-uri-spec]
                                  *(COMMA p-aso-uri-spec)
         p-aso-uri-spec         = name-addr *(SEMI ai-param)
         ai-param               = generic-param


5.2.  P-Called-Party-ID header syntax

   The syntax of the P-Called-Party-ID header field is described as
   follows:

         P-Called-Party-ID      = "P-Called-Party-ID" HCOLON
                                  called-pty-id-spec
         called-pty-id-spec     = name-addr *(SEMI cpid-param)
         cpid-param             = generic-param

5.3.  P-Visited-Network-ID header syntax

   The syntax of the P-Visited-Network-ID header field is described as
   follows:

         P-Visited-Network-ID   = "P-Visited-Network-ID" HCOLON
                                   vnetwork-spec
                                   *(COMMA vnetwork-spec)
         vnetwork-spec          = (token / quoted-string)
                                   *(SEMI vnetwork-param)
         vnetwork-param         = generic-param


5.4.  P-Access-Network-Info header syntax

   The syntax of the P-Access-Network-Info header field is described as
   follows:

 P-Access-Network-Info  = "P-Access-Network-Info" HCOLON
                           access-net-spec *(COMMA access-net-spec)
      access-net-spec        = (access-type / access-class)
                               *(SEMI access-info)
      access-type            = "IEEE-802.11" / "IEEE-802.11a" /
                               "IEEE-802.11b" / "IEEE-802.11g" /
                               "IEEE-802.11n" /
                               "IEEE-802.3" / "IEEE-802.3a" /



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                               "IEEE-802.3ab" / "IEEE-802.3ae" /
                               "IEEE-802.3ak" / "IEEE-802.3ah" /
                               "IEEE-802.3aq" / "IEEE-802.3an" /
                               "IEEE-802.3e" / "IEEE-802.3i" /
                               "IEEE-802.3j" / "IEEE-802.3u" /
                               "IEEE-802.3y" / "IEEE-802.3z" /
                               "3GPP-GERAN" /
                               "3GPP-UTRAN-FDD" / "3GPP-UTRAN-TDD" /
                               "3GPP-E-UTRAN-FDD" / "3GPP-E-UTRAN-TDD" /
                               "3GPP2-1X-Femto" / "3GPP2-UMB" /
                               "3GPP2-1X-HRPD" / "3GPP2-1X" /
                               "ADSL" / "ADSL2" / "ADSL2+" / "RADSL" /
                               "SDSL" / "HDSL" / "HDSL2" / "G.SHDSL" /
                               "VDSL" / "IDSL" /
                               "DOCSIS" / "GSTN" / "GPON" / " XGPON1" /
                               "DVB-RCS2" / token
      access-class           = "3GPP-GERAN" /  "3GPP-UTRAN" /
                               "3GPP-E-UTRAN" / "3GPP-WLAN" /
                               "3GPP-GAN" / "3GPP-HSPA" /
                               "3GPP2" / token
      access-info            = cgi-3gpp / utran-cell-id-3gpp /
                               dsl-location / i-wlan-node-id /
                               ci-3gpp2 / eth-location /
                               ci-3gpp2-femto / fiber-location /
                               np / gstn-location /local-time-zone /
                               dvb-rcs2-node-id / extension-access-info
      np                     = "network-provided"
      extension-access-info  = gen-value
      cgi-3gpp               = "cgi-3gpp" EQUAL
                                   (token / quoted-string)
      utran-cell-id-3gpp     = "utran-cell-id-3gpp" EQUAL
                                   (token / quoted-string)
      i-wlan-node-id         = "i-wlan-node-id" EQUAL
                                   (token / quoted-string)
      dsl-location           = "dsl-location" EQUAL
                                   (token / quoted-string)
      eth-location           = "eth-location" EQUAL
                                   (token / quoted-string)
      fiber-location         = "fiber-location" EQUAL
                                   (token / quoted-string)
      ci-3gpp2               = "ci-3gpp2" EQUAL
                                   (token / quoted-string)
      ci-3gpp2-femto         = "ci-3gpp2-femto" EQUAL
                                    (token / quoted-string)
      gstn-location          = "gstn-location" EQUAL
                                    (token / quoted-string)
      dvb-rcs2-node-id       = "dvb-rcs2-node-id" EQUAL
                                     quoted-string



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      local-time-zone        = "local-time-zone"  EQUAL
                                    quoted-string
      operator-specific-GI   = "operator-specific-GI" EQUAL
                                    (token / quoted-string)
      utran-sai-3gpp         = "utran-sai-3gpp" EQUAL
                                    (token / quoted-string)



   The access-info MAY contain additional information relating to the
   access network.  The values for "cgi-3gpp", "utran-cell-id-3gpp", "i
   -wlan-node-id", "dsl-location" and "ci-3gpp2", "ci-3gpp2-femto" and
   "gstn-location" are defined in 3GPP TS 24.229 [TS24.229].

5.5.  P-Charging-Function-Addresses header field syntax

   The syntax for the P-Charging-Function-Addresses header field is
   described as follows:

   P-Charging-Addresses  = "P-Charging-Function-Addresses" HCOLON
   charge-addr-params *(COMMA charge-addr-params)
       charge-addr-params  = charge-addr-param *(SEMI charge-addr-param)
       charge-addr-param    = ccf / ecf / ccf-2 /ecf-2 / generic-param
       ccf                    = "ccf" EQUAL gen-value
       ecf                    = "ecf" EQUAL gen-value
       ccf-2                 = "ccf-2" EQUAL gen-value
       ecf-2                 = "ecf-2" EQUAL gen-value


   The P-Charging-Function-Addresses header field contains one or two
   addresses of the ECF (ecf and ecf-2) or CCF (ccf and ccf-2).  The
   first address of the sequence is ccf or ecf.  If the first address of
   the sequence is not available then the next address (ccf-2 or ecf-2)
   MUST be used if available.

5.6.  P-Charging-Vector header syntax

   The syntax for the P-Charging-Vector header field is described as
   follows:












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      P-Charging-Vector  = "P-Charging-Vector" HCOLON icid-value
                                  *(SEMI charge-params)
      charge-params     = icid-gen-addr / orig-ioi / term-ioi /
                               transit-ioi / related-icid /
      related-icid-gen-addr / generic-param
      icid-value                = "icid-value" EQUAL gen-value
      icid-gen-addr             = "icid-generated-at" EQUAL host
      orig-ioi                  = "orig-ioi" EQUAL gen-value
      term-ioi                  = "term-ioi" EQUAL gen-value
      transit-ioi               = "transit-ioi" EQUAL transit-ioi-list
      transit-ioi-list          = DQUOTE transit-ioi-param *
                                     (COMMA transit-ioi-param) DQUOTE
      transit-ioi-param         = transit-ioi-indexed-value /
                                            transit-ioi-void-value
      transit-ioi-indexed-value = transit-ioi-name "."
                                                transit-ioi-index
      transit-ioi-name          = ALPHA *(ALPHA / DIGIT)
      transit-ioi-index         = 1*DIGIT
      transit-ioi-void-value    = "void"
      related-icid              = "related-icid" EQUAL gen-value
      related-icid-gen-addr     = "related-icid-generated-at" EQUAL host



   The P-Charging-Vector header field contains icid-value as a mandatory
   parameter.  The icid-value represents the IMS charging ID, and
   contains an identifier used for correlating charging records and
   events.  The first proxy that receives the request generates this
   value.

   The icid-gen-addr parameter contains the host name or IP address of
   the proxy that generated the icid-value.

   The orig-ioi and term-ioi parameters contains originating and
   terminating interoperator identifiers.  They are used to correlate
   charging records between different operators.  The originating ioi
   represents the network responsible for the charging records in the
   originating part of the session or standalone request.  Similarly,
   the terminating ioi represents the network responsible for the
   charging records in the terminating part of the session or standalone
   request.

   The transit-ioi parameter contain values with each of them
   respectively represents a transit interoperator identifier.  It is
   used to correlate charging records between different networks.  The
   transit-ioi represents the network responsible for the records in the
   transit part of the session or standalone request.




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   The related-icid parameter contains the icid-value of a related
   charging record when more than one call leg is associated with one
   session.  This optional parameter is used for correlation of charging
   information between two or more call legs related to the same remote
   end dialog.

   The related-icid-gen-addr parameter contains the host name or IP
   address of the proxy that generated the related-icid.

   Applications using the P-Charging-Vector header field within their
   own applicability are allowed to define generic-param extensions
   without further reference to the IETF specification process.

5.7.  New headers

   The P-Associated-URI header field can appear in SIP REGISTER method
   and 2xx resonses.  The P-Called-Party-ID header field can appear in
   SIP INVITE, OPTIONS, PUBLISH,SUBSCRIBE, MESSAGE methods and all
   responses.  The P-Visited-Network-ID header field can appear in all
   SIP methods except ACK, BYE and CANCEL and all responses.  The P
   -Access-Network-Info header field can appear in all SIP methods exept
   ACK and CANCEL.  The P-Charging-Vector header field can appear in all
   SIP methods exept CANCEL.  The P-Charging-Function-Addresses header
   field can appear in all SIP methods exept ACK and CANCEL.

6.  Security Considerations

6.1.  P-Associated-URI

   The information returned in the P-Associated-URI header field is not
   viewed as particularly sensitive.  Rather, it is simply informational
   in nature, providing openness to the UAC with regard to the automatic
   association performed by the registrar.  If end-to-end protection is
   not used at the SIP layer, it is possible for proxies between the
   registrar and the UA to modify the contents of the header value.

   The lack of encryption, either end-to-end or hop-by-hop, may lead to
   leak some privacy regarding the list of authorized identities.  For
   instance, a user who registers an address-of-record of
   sip:user1@example.com may get another SIP URI associated as
   sip:first.last@example.com returned in the P-Associated-URI header
   field value.

   An eavesdropper could possibly collect the list of identities a user
   is registered.  This can have privacy implications.  To mitigate this
   problem, this extension SHOULD only be used in a secured environment,
   where encryption of SIP messages is provided either end-to-end or
   hop-by-hop.  And where a trustrelationship equivalent with that



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   defined in RFC 3325 [RFC3325]between entities exist.  That is, the
   privacy of the user relies on the other entities in the session not
   disclosing information that they have learned about the user.

   While the P-Associated-URI header field value allows the implicit
   registration of a bundle of URIs with one REGISTER Message the impact
   of security using the P-Associated-URI header field is no higher than
   using separate REGISTER messages for each of the URIs.

6.2.  P-Called-Party-ID

   Due to the nature of the P-Called-Party-ID header field, this header
   does not introduce any significant security concern.  It is possible
   for an attacker to modify the contents of the header.  However, this
   modification will not cause any harm to the session establishment.

   An eavesdropper could possibly collect the list of identities a user
   is registered.  This can have privacy implications.  To mitigate this
   problem, this extension SHOULD only be used in a secured environment,
   where encryption of SIP messages is provided either end-to-end or
   hop-by-hop.

   Normally within a 3GPP environment the P-Called-Party-ID is not sent
   towards end users but may be exchanged between carriers where other
   security mechanisms than SIP encryption are used.

6.3.  P-Visited-Network-ID

   The P-Visited-Network-ID header field assumes that there is trust
   relationship between a home network and one or more transited visited
   networks.  It is possible for other proxies between the proxy in the
   visited network that inserts the header, and the registrar or the
   home proxy, to modify the value of P-Visited-Network-ID header field.
   Therefore intermediaries participating in this mechanism MUST apply a
   hop-by-hop integrity protection mechanism such as IPsec or other
   available mechanisms in order to prevent such attacks.

6.4.  P-Access-Network-Info

   A Trust Domain is formally defined in the Short term requirements for
   Network Asserted Identity document[RFC3324].  For the purpose of this
   document, we refer to the 3GPP trust domain as the collection of SIP
   proxies and application servers that are operated by a 3GPP network
   operator and are compliant with the requirements expressed in 3GPP TS
   24.229 [TS24.229].






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   This extension assumes that the access network is trusted by the UA
   (because the UA's home network has a trust relationship with the
   access network), as described earlier in this document.

   This extension assumes that the information added to the header by
   the UAC should be sent only to trusted entities and MUST NOT be used
   outside of the trusted administrative network domain.

   The SIP proxy that provides services to the user, utilizes the
   information contained in this header to provide additional services
   and UAs are expected to provide correct information.  However, there
   are no security problems resulting from a UA inserting incorrect
   information.  Networks providing services based on the information
   carried in the P-Access-Network-Info header field will therefore need
   to trust the UA sending the information.  A rogue UA sending false
   access network information will do no more harm than to restrict the
   user from using certain services.

   The mechanism provided in this document is designed primarily for
   private systems like 3GPP.  Most security requirements are met by way
   of private standardized solutions.

   For instance, 3GPP will use the P-Access-Network-Info header field to
   carry relatively sensitive information like the cell ID.  Therefore
   the information MUST NOT be sent outside of the 3GPP domain.

   The UA is aware - if it is a 3GPP UA - that it is operating within a
   trusted domain.

   The 3GPP UA is aware of whether or not a secure association to the
   home network domain for transporting SIP signaling, is currently
   available, and as such the sensitive information carried in the P
   -Access-Network-Info header field MUST NOT be sent in any initial
   unauthenticated and unprotected requests (e.g., REGISTER).

   Any UA that is using this extension and is not part of a private
   trusted domain should not consider the mechanism as secure and as
   such MUST NOT send sensitive information in the P-Access-Network-Info
   header field.

   Any proxy that is operating in a private trust domain where the P
   -Access-Network-Info header field is supported is REQUIRED to delete
   the header, if it is present, from any message prior to forwarding it
   outside of the trusted domain.

   A proxy receiving a message containing the P-Access-Network-Info
   header field from a non-trusted entity is not able to guarantee the




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   validity of the contents.  Thus this content SHOULD be deleted based
   on local policy.

6.5.  P-Charging-Function-Addresses

   It is expected as normal behavior that proxies within a closed
   network will modify the values of the P-Charging-Function-Addresses
   header field and insert it into a SIP request or response.  However,
   these proxies that share this information MUST have a trust
   relationship.

   If an untrusted entity were inserted between trusted entities, it
   could potentially substitute a different charging function address.
   Therefore, an integrity protection mechanism such as IPsec or other
   available mechanisms MUST be applied in order to prevent such
   attacks.  Since each trusted proxy MAY need to view or modify the
   values in the P-Charging-Function-Addresses header field, the
   protection should be applied on a hop-by-hop basis.

6.6.  P-Charging-Vector

   It is expected as normal behavior that proxies within a closed
   network will modify the values of the P-Charging-Vector header field
   and insert it into a SIP request or response.  However, these proxies
   that share this information MUST have a trust relationship.

   If an untrusted entity were inserted between trusted entities, it
   could potentially interfere with the charging correlation mechanism.
   Therefore, an integrity protection mechanism such as IPsec or other
   available mechanisms MUST be applied in order to prevent such
   attacks.  Since each trusted proxy MAY need to view or modify the
   values in the P-Charging-Vector header field, the protection should
   be applied on a hop-by-hop basis.

7.  IANA Considerations

   This document defines several private SIP extension header fields
   (beginning with the prefix "P-" ).

   This document obsoletes [RFC3455] but uses the same SIP header field
   names.  The IANA registry needs to update the references to [RFC3455]
   with [RFC XXXX], where XXXX is the RFC number for this document.

   The following extensions are registered as private extension header
   fields:






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      RFC Number:         RFC3455
      Header Field Name:  P-Associated-URI
      Compact Form:       none


      RFC Number:         RFC3455
      Header Field Name:  P-Called-Party-ID
      Compact Form:       none


      RFC Number:         RFC3455
      Header Field Name:  P-Visited-Network-ID
      Compact Form:       none


      RFC Number:         RFC3455
      Header Field Name:  P-Access-Network-Info
      Compact Form:       none


      RFC Number:         RFC3455
      Header Field Name:  P-Charging-Function-Addresses
      Compact Form:       none


      RFC Number:         RFC3455
      Header Field Name:  P-Charging-Vector
      Compact Form:       none

8.  Contributors and Acknowledgements

   The authors would like to thank James Yu ans Atle Monrad for their
   extensive review, Dean Willis for his expert review and Mary Barnes
   for the proto review.  The authors would like to acknowledge the
   constructive feedback and contributions provided by Peter Leis,
   Joergen Axell and Jan Holm

   The extensions described in [RFC3455] were originally specified in
   several documents.  Miguel Garcia-Martin authored the P-Associated-
   URI, P-Called-Party-ID, and P-Visited-Network-ID header fields.
   Duncan Mills authored the P-Access-Network-Info header.  Eric
   Henrikson authored the P-Charging-Function-Addresses and P-Charging-
   Vector headers.  Rohan Mahy assisted in the incorporation of these
   extensions into a single document.

   The listed authors of [RFC3455]were Miguel Garcia-Martin, Eric
   Henrikson and Duncan Mills.




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   The [RFC3455] authors thanked Andrew Allen, Gabor Bajko, Gonzalo
   Camarillo, Keith Drage, Georg Mayer, Dean Willis, Rohan Mahy,
   Jonathan Rosenberg, Ya-Ching Tan and the 3GPP CN1 WG members for
   their comments on [RFC3455].

9.  Appendix: Changes from RFC 3455

   1.   Procedures for the P-Associated-URI header field at a proxy.
        RFC3455 indicates that it defines no procedures for the P
        -Associated-URI header field at a proxy.  What is implicitly
        meant here is that the proxy does not add, read, modify or
        delete the header, and therefore RFC3261 proxy procedures only
        apply to the header.

   2.   P-Called-Party-ID header field and the History-Info header
        field: At the time RFC3455 was drafted, the History-Info header
        field was a long way from specification; this header has now
        been specified and approved in RFC 7044.  It is acknowledged
        that the History-Info header field will provide equivalent
        coverage to that of the P-Called-Party-ID header field.  However
        the P-Called-Party-ID header field is used entirely within the
        3GPP system and does not appear to SIP entities outside that of
        a single 3GPP operator.

   3.   Procedures at the UA for the P-Charging-Function Addresses
        header field: The text in section 4.5.2.1 of RFC3455 [3] does
        not adequately take into account procedures for UAs located
        inside the private network, e.g. as gateways and suchlike which
        may play a full part in network charging procedures.
        Section 4.5.2.1 is replaced with the following text: "This
        document does not specify any procedure at a UA located outside
        the administrative domain of a private network, with regard to
        the P-Charging-Function-Addresses header field.  Such UAs need
        not understand this header.  However, it might be possible that
        a UA is located within the administrative domain of a private
        network (e.g., a PSTN gateway, or conference mixer), and it may
        have access to the addresses of the charging entities.  In this
        cases, a UA MAY insert the P-Charging-Function-Addresses header
        field in a SIP request or response when the next hop for the
        message is a proxy or UA located in the same administrative
        domain.  Similar such a UA may use the contents of the P
        -Charging-Function-Addresses header field in communicating with
        the charging entities."

   4.   The text in section 4.6.2.1 of RFC3455 [3] does not adequately
        take into account procedures for UAs located inside the private
        network, e.g. as gateways and suchlike which may play a full




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        part in network charging procedures.  Section 4.6.2.1 is now
        replaced with new text. "

   5.   Recognition of additional values of access technology in the P
        -Access-Network-Info header field (Section 5.4): A number of new
        access technologies are contemplated in 3GPP, and the reuse of
        IMS to support Next Generation Networks (NGN) is also resulting
        in new access technologies.  Values for access technologies are
        defined explicitly in RFC3455 [3] and no IANA procedures are
        defined to maintain a separate registry.  In particular the new
        values: "IEEE 802.11", "IEEE-802.11g", "IEEE-802.11n", "ADSL" /
        "ADSL2", "ADSL2+", "RADSL", "SDSL", "HDSL", "HDSL2", "G.SHDSL",
        "VDSL", "IDSL", "IEEE-802.3", "IEEE-802.3a", "IEEE-802.3e",
        "IEEE-802.3i", "IEEE-802.3j", "IEEE-802.3u", "IEEE-802.3ab",
        "IEEE-802.3ae", "IEEE-802.3ak", IEEE-802.3aq", "IEEE-802.3an",
        "IEEE-802.3y", "IEEE-802.3z", and "IEEE-802.3y" are defined.

   6.   Replacement of existing value of access technology in the P
        -Access-Network-Info header field (Section 5.4): The value of
        "3GPP-CDMA2000" was replaced long ago in 3GPP2 by three new
        values: "3GPP2-1X", "3GPP2-1X-HRPD", "3GPP2-UMB".  It is not
        believed that there was any deployment of the "3GPP-CDMA2000"
        value.

   7.   Network provided P-Access-Network-Info header field: The P
        -Access-Network-Info header field may additionally be provided
        by proxies within the network.  This does not impact the values
        provided by a UA, rather the header is repeated.  Such values
        are identified by the string "network-provided".  A special
        class of values are defined for use here, as the same
        granularity of values may not be possible as for those available
        from the UA: "3GPP-GERAN", "3GPP-UTRAN", "3GPP-WLAN", "3GPP-GAN"
        and "3GPP-HSPA".  Outbound proxies remove and P-Access-Network-
        Info header fields containing the "network-provided" value.

   8.   Definition of additional parameters to the P-Charging-Vector
        header field: Section 5.6 of RFC3455 [3] defines the syntax of
        the P-Charging-Vector header field.  Additional parameters were
        considered too application specific for specification in RFC3455
        [3], but it was acknowledged that they would exist, and indeed
        additional specification of such parameters, relating to
        specific access technologies, has occurred in 3GPP.  This update
        therefore defines that applications using the P-Charging-Vector
        header field within their own applicability are allowed to
        define generic-param extensions without further reference to the
        IETF specification process.

   9.   PUBLISH method added to table 1.



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   10.  Referencing: RFC 3427 deleted from references as not used within
        the document.  Various informative references to work in
        progress now replaced with appropriate RFC number.  References
        to 3GPP TS 32.200 replaced by references to 3GPP TS 32.240
        [TS32.240], which is the successor specification.  References to
        3GPP TS 32.225 replaced by references to 3GPP TS 32.260
        [TS32.260], which is the successor specification.  Referencing
        style changed to symbolic references.  Dates have been removed
        from all 3GPP references (i.e. latest version applies).

   11.  Various editorial changes in alignment with style used in RFC
        3261 such as placing response code text in parentheses, and
        using words "request" and "response" in association with method
        names.

10.  Appendix: Summary of changes between different versions

   NOTE TO RFC EDITOR: PLEASE REMOVE THIS SECTION BEFORE PUBLICATION.

10.1.  Changes between RFC 3455 and -00

   1.  Procedures for the P-Associated-URI header field at a proxy.
       RFC3455 indicates that it defines no procedures for the P
       -Associated-URI header field at a proxy.  What is implicitly
       meant here is that the proxy does not add, read, modify or delete
       the header, and therefore RFC3261 proxy procedures only apply to
       the header.

   2.  P-Called-Party-ID header field and the History-Info header field:
       At the time RFC3455 was drafted, the History-Info header field
       was a long way from specification; this header has now been
       specified and approved in RFC 7044.  It is acknowledged that the
       History-Info header field provides equivalent coverage to that of
       the P-Called-Party-ID header field.

   3.  Recognition of additional values of access technology in the P
       -Access-Network-Info header field: the new values: "IEEE
       802.11e", "IEEE-802.11g" are defined.

   4.  Procedures at the UA for the P-Charging-Function Addresses header
       field: The text in section 4.5.2.1 of RFC3455 [3] does not
       adequately take into account procedures for UAs located inside
       the private network, e.g. as gateways and suchlike which may play
       a full part in network charging procedures.  Section 4.5.2.1 was
       updated.

   5.  The text in section 4.6.2.1 of RFC3455 [3] does not adequately
       take into account procedures for UAs located inside the private



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       network, e.g. as gateways and suchlike which may play a full part
       in network charging procedures.  Section 4.6.2.1 is replaced with
       tnew text.

   6.  Definition of additional parameters to the P-Charging-Vector
       header field: Section 5.6 of RFC3455 [3] defines the syntax of
       the P-Charging-Vector header field.  Additional parameters were
       considered too application specific for specification in RFC3455
       [3], but it was acknowledged that they would exist, and indeed
       additional specification of such parameters, relating to specific
       access technologies, has occurred in 3GPP.  This update therefore
       defines that applications using the P-Charging-Vector header
       field within their own applicability are allowed to define
       generic-param extensions without further reference to the IETF
       specification process.

10.2.  Changes between -00 and -01

   1.  Document changed to a complete RFC in its own right, specifying
       all the new headers originally specified in RFC 3455 in full,
       rather than a list of proposed modifications to RFC 3455.  Change
       due to comments to this effect, and also due to the replacement
       of RFC 3325 is also following this approach.  Issues from -00
       version incorporated into full text.

   2.  Removal of additional values of access technology in the P
       -Access-Network-Info header field: values "IEEE 802.11e" is
       removed.

   3.  Recognition of additional values of access technology in the P
       -Access-Network-Info header field: A number of new access
       technologies are contemplated in 3GPP, and the reuse of IMS to
       support Next Generation Networks (NGN) is also resulting in new
       access technologies.  Values for access technologies are defined
       explicitly in RFC3455 [3] and no IANA procedures are defined to
       maintain a separate registry.  In particular the new values:
       "IEEE 802.11", "IEEE-802.11n", "ADSL" / "ADSL2", "ADSL2+",
       "RADSL", "SDSL", "HDSL", "HDSL2", "G.SHDSL", "VDSL", "IDSL",
       "IEEE-802.3", "IEEE-802.3a", "IEEE-802.3e", "IEEE-802.3i",
       "IEEE-802.3j", "IEEE-802.3u", "IEEE-802.3ab", "IEEE-802.3ae",
       "IEEE-802.3ak", IEEE-802.3aq", "IEEE-802.3an", "IEEE-802.3y",
       "IEEE-802.3z", and "IEEE-802.3y" are defined.

   4.  Replacement of existing value of access technology in the P
       -Access-Network-Info header field: The value of "3GPP-CDMA2000"
       was replaced long ago in 3GPP2 by three new values: "3GPP2-1X",
       "3GPP2-1X-HRPD", "3GPP2-UMB".  It is not believed that there was
       any deployment of the "3GPP-CDMA2000" value.



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   5.  Network provided P-Access-Network-Info header field: The P
       -Access-Network-Info header field may additionally be provided by
       proxies within the network.  This does not impact the values
       provided by a UA, rather the header field is repeated.  Such
       values are identified by the string "network-provided".  A
       special class of values are defined for use here, as the same
       granularity of values may not be possible as for those available
       from the UA: "3GPP-GERAN", "3GPP-UTRAN", "3GPP-WLAN", "3GPP-GAN"
       and "3GPP-HSPA".

10.3.  Changes between -01 and -02

   1.  Addition of values ccf-2 and ecf-2.  Note that the naming of ccf
       and ecf was changed within 3GPP equivalent to cdf (Charging Data
       Function) and ocf (Online Charging Function), but nevertheless
       this is a documentationissue within 24.229 [TS24.229]).

   2.  By text description in 4.1.2.1 and 4.1.2.2, P-Associated-URI may
       have zero URI.  But refer to the syntax description part in 5.1,
       it seams the header field would have at least one URI.  The new
       text reflects that is allowed to have at minimum one associated
       uri within the P-Associated-URI.

   3.  Section 4.1.2.2 generalisation of URI so that not only SIP/SIP
       URI's are only allowed.  This alings the whole section 4.1.2
       where only URI is mentioned.

10.4.  Changes between -02 and -03

   1.  Section 4.6 addition of transit-ioi procedure

   2.  New Section 4.6.3 addition of transit-ioi procedure

   3.  Section 5.6 Addition of syntax for transit-ioi and descriptive
       text

   4.  Section 5.4 new Value "IEEE-802.3ah" added

10.5.  Changes between -03 and -04

   1.  Section 5.6, 4.6.4 and 4.6.4.1 related-icid added

   2.  Editorials in diffrent sections








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10.6.  Changes between -04 and -05

   1.  Correction of exampl in Section 4.5.2.3

   2.  textual addition in section 4.5 for ccf-2 and ecf-2

   3.  Correction of ABNF

10.7.  Changes between -05 and -06

   1.  Correction ABNF addition and correction of access types and
   access info

10.8.  Changes between -06 and -07

   1.  Made Use of P-Charging-Vector Header optional Section 4.6

   2.  Section 4.6.1 added explicit the mid-dialog request

10.9.  Changes between -07 and -08

   1.  Comments included from review of James Yu sent via DISPATCH list.
   Mainly editorials, wording issues and clarifications on technical
   issues.  No technical changes or addition of features.

10.10.  Changes between -08 and -09

   1.  Correction of ABNF change UE-time-zone to local-time-zone

   2.  Comments from Expert review

   3.  Editorial wrap-up

10.11.  Changes between -09 and -10

   1.  Changes due to reviw on IETF DISPATCH List.

10.12.  Changes between -10 and -11

   1.  Changes due to backwardcompatibility in Section 6.1 and 6.2

10.13.  Changes between -11 and -12

   1.  RFC updates of obsolated drafts

   2.  ABNF correction

   3. correction of nits ect



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10.14.  Changes between -12 and -13

   1.  This RFC obsolates RFC3455

   2. correction of FDQN

   3. deletion of not used references

10.15.  Changes between -13 and -14

   1.  Section 4.3 text added to reflect the fact that the P-Visited-
   Network information reveals the location of the user.

   2.  Section 4.3.1 hop-by-hop integrity protection requirement added.

   3.  Update of 3GPP References and TS24.229 [TS24.229] to normative
   reference.

   4.  Section 4.4 text added regarding that the proxy providing
   services based on the P-Access-Network header field must consider the
   trust relationship.

   5.  Section 4.4.1 Adding a verb to provide correct grammar.

   6.  Section 4.3.2.2 rewording Note.  To reflect that a UA is not
   allowed to set the P-Visited-Network ID.

   7.  Section 4.6 editorial

11.  References

11.1.  Normative References

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [RFC3261]  Rosenberg, J., Schulzrinne, H., Camarillo, G., Johnston,
              A., Peterson, J., Sparks, R., Handley, M., and E.
              Schooler, "SIP: Session Initiation Protocol", RFC 3261,
              June 2002.

   [RFC5234]  Crocker, D. and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax
              Specifications: ABNF", STD 68, RFC 5234, January 2008.








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   [TS24.229]
              3GPP, "IP multimedia call control protocol based on
              Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) and Session Description
              Protocol (SDP); Stage 3", 3GPP TS 24.229 12.4.0, March
              2014.

11.2.  Informative References

   [RFC3324]  Watson, M., "Short Term Requirements for Network Asserted
              Identity", RFC 3324, November 2002.

   [RFC3325]  Jennings, C., Peterson, J., and M. Watson, "Private
              Extensions to the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) for
              Asserted Identity within Trusted Networks", RFC 3325,
              November 2002.

   [RFC3455]  Garcia-Martin, M., Henrikson, E., and D. Mills, "Private
              Header (P-Header) Extensions to the Session Initiation
              Protocol (SIP) for the 3rd-Generation Partnership Project
              (3GPP)", RFC 3455, January 2003.

   [RFC3515]  Sparks, R., "The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Refer
              Method", RFC 3515, April 2003.

   [RFC4083]  Garcia-Martin, M., "Input 3rd-Generation Partnership
              Project (3GPP) Release 5 Requirements on the Session
              Initiation Protocol (SIP)", RFC 4083, May 2005.

   [RFC6665]  Roach, A., "SIP-Specific Event Notification", RFC 6665,
              July 2012.

   [RFC7044]  Barnes, M., Audet, F., Schubert, S., van Elburg, J., and
              C. Holmberg, "An Extension to the Session Initiation
              Protocol (SIP) for Request History Information", RFC 7044,
              February 2014.

   [TS23.228]
              3GPP, "P Multimedia Subsystem (IMS); Stage 2", 3GPP TS
              23.228 12.4.0, March 2014.

   [TS32.240]
              3GPP, "Telecommunication management; Charging management;
              Charging architecture and principles", 3GPP TS 32.240
              12.3.0, March 2013.







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   [TS32.260]
              3GPP, "Telecommunication management; Charging management;
              IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) charging", 3GPP TS 32.260
              10.3.0, April 2011.

Authors' Addresses

   Roland Jesske
   Deutsche Telekom
   Heinrich-Hertz-Strasse 3-7
   Darmstadt  64307
   Germany

   Phone: +4961515812766
   Email: r.jesske@telekom.de


   Keith Drage
   Alcatel-Lucent
   Quadrant, StoneHill Green, Westlea
   Swindon, Wilts
   UK

   Email: drage@alcatel-lucent.com


   Christer Holmberg
   Ericsson
   Hirsalantie 11
   Jorvas  02420
   Finland

   Email: christer.holmberg@ericsson.com


















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