Internet DRAFT - draft-diao-aeip-nam
draft-diao-aeip-nam
Network Working Group Diao Yuping
Internet-Draft Guangdong University of Finance & Economics
Intended status: - Diao Yongping
Expires: February 15, 2018 Guangzhou, China
Liao Ming
Guangzhou, China
August 15, 2017
Autonomous Extensible Internet
with Network Address Multiplexing(AEIP NAM)
draft-diao-aeip-nam-09.txt
Abstract
The two key issues of today's Internet are autonomy and
extensibility. Autonomous Internet(AIP) technology can provide
extensible internet architecture, own independent root DNS servers
and self management internet network; Furthermore, based on the
Autonomous Internet, here provides a way with extensible address
capacity to solve IP address deficiency and realize
Autonomous Extensible Internet(AEIP) with global network address
and multiplexing local network address. This AEIP with Network
Address Multiplexing(AEIP NAM) can realize autonomy and extensibility
with minimal cost.
Status of this Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted to IETF in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute
working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-
Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.
Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
This Internet-Draft will expire on February 15, 2018.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2017 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
Diao, et al. Expires February 15, 2018 [Page 01]
Internet-Draft Autonomous Extensible Internet(AEIP NAM) August, 2017
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
(http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
publication of this document. Please review these documents
carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must
include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
described in the Simplified BSD License.
Diao, et al. Expires February 15, 2018 [Page 02]
Internet-Draft Autonomous Extensible Internet(AEIP NAM) August, 2017
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 04
1.1. Specification of Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 04
2. Autonomous Internet Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 04
3. Autonomous Extensible Internet (AEIP NAM) . . . . . . . . . . 05
3.1. Network Extensible Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 05
3.2. DNS Firewall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 08
3.3. Address Firewall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 08
3.4. Extensible Address Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 09
3.5. Constraint Condition of Extensible Address Space . . . . . 10
4. Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
5. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
6. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
7. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
8. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
8.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
8.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Diao, et al. Expires February 15, 2018 [Page 03]
Internet-Draft Autonomous Extensible Internet(AEIP NAM) August, 2017
1. Introduction
Internet has become an important strategic resource for its rapid
development all over the world. Therefore, to solve the two key
issues of Internet, autonomy and scalability, is particularly
important.
The essence of Internet autonomous problem is to solve the domain
name problem, so as to provide extensible architecture, provide
multi-polar, self-control, self-management over the Internet, own
independent root domain name server in each autonomous internet (AIP)
network, and safeguard global Internet without quarrel.
The essence of Internet scalability problem is to solve the IP
address shortage problem. Private network solution, dynamic address
assignment technology, VLSM technology and NAT technology proposed
in the field can only slow down the speed of the IP address
depletion. Due to slow progress and many unsolved problems, IPv6 can
not timely solve the IP address shortage problem and meet the needs
of rapid developing Internet. The huge demand of Internet encourages
that people must seriously consider the scalability of the IP
network in reality.
This article will discuss the IP network's scalability on the
base of Autonomous Internet, so as to solve the current problems
caused by IP address shortage, to realize the autonomy and extension
of the Internet.
1.1. Specification of Requirements
In this document, several words are used to signify the requirements
of the specification. These words are often capitalized. The key
words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD",
"SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document
are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].
2. Autonomous Internet Technology
Autonomous Internet(AIP) technology provides a way to own independent
root domain name servers to realize Autonomous Internet without
necessary to overturn the Internet infrastructure. It provides
Internet global equality, secure autonomy, green extensibility.
Diao, et al. Expires February 15, 2018 [Page 04]
Internet-Draft Autonomous Extensible Internet(AEIP NAM) August, 2017
According to the AIP autonomous DNS, the domain name hierarchy can
be designed distributedly and provide each AIP network autonomy;
Each AIP network has its root DNS servers, which are responsible
for all the DNS resolution in this AIP network. Other DNS
servers of this AIP network should point to these root DNS servers by
default. Each AIP network is almost the same as the current Internet,
and the internal domain name resolution and IP node communication
have not any change. The only change is that the destination domain
name need add domain name suffix of the destination AIP network when
IP nodes communicate between different AIP networks. Domain node
"www.yahoo.com" in network B is expressed as "www.yahoo.com.B" for
its external domain name. So each AIP domain name hierarchy tree
adds the top-level domain name "ex(i)", so as to map the other
external AIP domain name hierarchy trees accessible from this AIP
network. When ex(i)=B, it means that the other AIP network B is
accessible from this AIP network. At the same time, each AIP network
will add a kind of device called "AIP DNS gateway" to support domain
name resolution between AIP networks.
3. Autonomous Extensible Internet (AEIP NAM)
Autonomous Extensible Internet(AEIP) is feasible not only in
practice but also in technology. In practice, the communication
traffic is relatively much smaller between different languages and
cultures, and convergence of language and communication traffic
brings the reality of Internet autonomy. In technology, AIP can
deploy easily and cause the least change, provide security, autonomy
and extension in architecture. AIP is distributed Internet
architecture. This architectural distribution provides more choices
and possibilities in solving IP address deficiency problem.
Hereinafter, a technology would be introduced to realize extensible
Internet, which is so call Autonomous Extensible Internet with
Network Address Multiplexing (AEIP NAM). AEIP NAM mainly adopts
global network address, and multiplex local network address, which
is based on AIP architecture.
3.1. Network Extensible Design
AIP can not only solve the Internet autonomous problem but also
make architecture extensible with its distributed architecture.
The internet network can realize extension by adding some AIP
network entities as need. But IP network address deficiency makes
it necessary to further achieve scalability on the IP network
address, so as to realize the extensible Internet indeed. IP network
scalable address space realization method is described as following:
Diao, et al. Expires February 15, 2018 [Page 05]
Internet-Draft Autonomous Extensible Internet(AEIP NAM) August, 2017
First of all, the Global Network Address(GNA, namely public IP
address) is adopted for interoperability between different AIP
networks. Unique GNA between AIP networks need global negotiation and
unified plan. (In special situation, it can be negotiated and planed
by directly connected AIP networks themselves.) Different GNA ranges
will be arranged to different AIP networks. GNA is assigned for IP
node used for global server or mainly used for interoperability
among AIP networks. Here would not be any change to current global
communication with public IP address. After new added AIP network
realize autonomy by AIP technology, it can use current or reserved
public IP address for inter-network communication. Therefore,
current Internet public IP address space arrangement can almost keep
unchanged.
Secondly, based on each AIP network, the concept of "Local Network
Address(LNA)" is introduced to extend global Internet IP address
quantity. LNA is only used for inner communication within AIP network
as need. LNA consists of considerable ratio part of the whole IPv4
32-bit address capacity. It is designed for AIP single system and
can be multiplexed for each different AIP single system.
Now the IP address is almost exhausted up, so LNA needs
to be converted from public IP address, no matter whether these
public IP addresses are already in actual use or not. Then
the total available IP addresses of each AIP network is the sum of
reusable LNA and unique GNA arranged for this AIP network.
For example, if the multiplexing LNA occupies 1/4 ratio of
the total IP address space, namely about 1 billion IP addresses, so
there are billions of addresses besides its currently used GNA for
each AIP network and can satisfy its address quantity requirement.
Furthermore, multiple AIP networks can be added as need and provide
additional times of available IP address quantity. Generally in each
AIP network, IP nodes only configure LNA or GNA and they can
communicate to each other peer-to-peer directly. AEIP NAM network
is almost the same as AIP network in Autonomous Internet technology.
Its internal communication is independent from external AIP network
and it is not necessary any upgrade and transformation for current
IP nodes.
Moreover, Private Network Address (PNA, namely private IP address)
would still keep using as multiplexing private network address
within each AIP network of AEIP NAM.
Fig. 1 shows the realization of Autonomous Extensible Internet
(AEIP NAM)
Diao, et al. Expires February 15, 2018 [Page 06]
Internet-Draft Autonomous Extensible Internet(AEIP NAM) August, 2017
.
+-------------------------------.-------------------------------+
|+---------+ . |
||Root DNS <--------------------+ |
|| | .\ |
|+----^----+ . +-----------------------+ |
| | . | |
|+----v----+ . +----v----+|
|| DNS | . | DNS ||
|| (.us) | . | (.cn) ||
|+----^----+ . +----^----+|
| | . | |
|+----v----+ . +----v----+|
|| Host | . | Host ||
|| N1(G1) | . | N2(G2) ||
|+---------+ . +---------+|
| Internet |
+-------------------------------.-------------------------------+
\./
V
+------------------------------+ +------------------------------+
|+----------+ +----------+| |+----------+ +----------+|
|| Root DNS <------> AIP DNS <+-+> AIP DNS <------> Root DNS ||
|| (A) | | GW A || || GW B | | (B) ||
|+----^-----+ +----^-----+| |+----^-----+ +----^-----+|
| | | | | |
|+----v-----+ | |+----------+ +----v-----+|
|| DNS | | || Host | | DNS ||
||(.us/.com)| | || LNb4(Lb4)<--+ |(.cn/.com)||
|+----^-----+ | |+----------+ | +----^-----+|
| | | | | | |
|+----v-----+ +----------+| |+----------+ | +----v-----+|
|| Host <------> Firewall <+-+> Firewall | +---> Host ||
|| Na1(Ga1) | | A || || B <------> Nb2(Gb2) ||
|+----------+ +----^-----+| |+----^-----+ +----------+|
| Internet/AEIP NAM network A | | AEIP NAM network B |
+------------------------------+ +------------------------------+
Figure 1: AEIP NAM realization
Note: IP host is labeled as DomainName(IPAddress). Prefix "L"
denotes nodes with LNA. Prefix "G" denotes nodes with GNA.
AIP DNS GW is a gateway for DNS resolution between AIP networks.
Diao, et al. Expires February 15, 2018 [Page 07]
Internet-Draft Autonomous Extensible Internet(AEIP NAM) August, 2017
3.2. DNS Firewall
In order to realize AIP network's thoroughly independent domain
name management and avoid internal domain name revealed to other
AIP networks, domain name can be isolated by AIP network DNS gateway
in AEIP NAM.
In order to prevent unauthorized access to AIP network internal
domain name from other AIP networks, domain name range opened to
other AIP network access can be set in this AIP network DNS gateway
ingress.
Correspondingly, in order to prevent unauthorized access to other
AIP network internal domain name from this AIP network, domain name
range opened to this AIP network access can be set in this AIP
network DNS gateway egress.
3.3. Address Firewall
In order to prevent causing confusion and avoid LNA used in this
AIP network revealed to other AIP networks, LNA can be isolated by
AIP network firewall in AEIP NAM.
In order to prevent IP packet with LNA in its source address field
or destination address field infiltrating into this AIP network from
other AIP networks, access denial to IP packet with LNA in its
source address field from other AIP networks should be set in this
AIP network firewall ingress; and access denial to IP packet with
LNA in its destination address field from other AIP networks should
be set in this AIP network firewall ingress.
IP nodes using LNA is generally only suitable for AIP network
internal communication. In order to prevent IP packet with LNA in
its source address field or destination address field infiltrating
into other AIP networks from this AIP network, access denial to
IP packet with LNA in its destination address field from this
AIP network should be set in this AIP network firewall egress.
Moreover, access denial to IP packet with LNA in its source address
field from this AIP network should be set in this AIP network
firewall egress. Or some unidirectional dynamic communication
between AIP networks such as web browsing, can be implemented by
simple NAT method and might have some service limitation.
Diao, et al. Expires February 15, 2018 [Page 08]
Internet-Draft Autonomous Extensible Internet(AEIP NAM) August, 2017
3.4. Extensible Address Capacity
Based on the extensible network architecture of autonomous internet,
AEIP NAM designs a set of multiplexing address space and can always
provide a set of ready address space for new added single AIP
network system entity. Thus it can effectively solve IP address
deficiency problem of Internet and remove the barrier to Internet
extension.
This set of multiplexing address space includes three parts:
the LNA L, the GNA G and the Private Network Address P. These
three types of network addresses are divided properly using
existing Internet 32-bit address space C. The size of the existing
Internet address space is C=2^32, and P=2^16+2^20+2^24. Then we
have C=G+L+P and approximately
C=G+L (1)
The GNA subspace is not for multiplexing. The LNA resources in
each AIP network of AEIP NAM include a certain proportion of address
space of existing Internet, and they can be multiplexed in different
AIP network. In general, all IP nodes can communicate with each
other directly within each AIP network no matter they are assigned
LNA or GNA. But only IP nodes which are assigned GNA in one AIP
network can communicate directly with those nodes that are assigned
GNA in other AIP networks.
Assume that there are m of such AIP networks, each of them has
GNA quantity g(i) and LNA quantity l(i). Then the total capacity
of the AEIP NAM extensible address space C' can be counted as
C'=m*[g(i)+l(i)] (2)
Since the LNA is multiplexed in different AIP networks and each
AIP network can use the entire LNA space L, so the maximum total
capacity of the AEIP NAM address space
C'max=m*[g(i)+L]=C+(m-1)L (3)
According to (3), we can obtain the Change trend figure of total
address extension capacity. The maximum address capacity C'max
increases linearly when the AIP network number m increasing with
specific ratio LNA capacity. In this way, the design of AEIP NAM
can add AIP networks as need and greatly increase the IP address
capacity synchronously. So the extension of network is achievable.
Diao, et al. Expires February 15, 2018 [Page 09]
Internet-Draft Autonomous Extensible Internet(AEIP NAM) August, 2017
3.5. Constraint Condition of Extensible Address Space
According to the statistics, most of the several thousand languages
surviving currently have less than 100 thousand users, so call
"ethnic language". Some of them have only thousands of or even
hundreds of users. The 90% of them will disappear after several
generations. There are about 200-250 languages which have more than
1 million users. Twelve languages among them have more than 100
million users, which cover most of the countries all over the
world (the simple accumulative total number of countries is 201)
and is used by over 3.5 billion users or 60% of the world
population.
The six work languages approved formally by United Nations are
English, French, Russian, Chinese, Spanish and Arabic. The
population using Chinese is 907 million or 15% of the world
population. There are over 1.3 billion people in China and most of
them use Chinese while some minorities use their own languages.
The population using English are 456 million, but the number of
people who are learning English is more than 1 billion. English
is the most powerful language in the world and is used as official
language by 75 countries all over the world. In addition, French
has been applied widely in the international social and diplomatic
activities, whose rank is only secondary to English. It is not only
the official language of France, but also the official language or
common language of 42 countries or regions in five continents. The
population speaking French are about 120 million including over
50 million native French.
Therefore, in order to aggregate the great communication traffic
using the same language, a single AIP network need to reach about
1 billion users or C/4 IP address scale at least. So the capacity
of Local Network Address L designed in Autonomous Extensible
Internet AEIP NAM should be greater than or equal to C/4. Thus
the capacity of Global Network Address G is less than or equal to
3C/4 according to (1). In addition, the design idea of AEIP NAM
is mainly based on the global address. The capacity of Global
Network Address G should be greater than or equal to C/2 and L is
less than or equal to C/2 accordingly. So the constraint condition
of AEIP NAM extensible address space is
L~[C/4,C/2]; G~[3C/4,C/2] (4)
Diao, et al. Expires February 15, 2018 [Page 10]
Internet-Draft Autonomous Extensible Internet(AEIP NAM) August, 2017
4. Conclusion
Based on Autonomous Internet architecture, Autonomous Extensible
Internet with Network Address Multiplexing (AEIP NAM) mainly
adopts Global Network Address, and multiplexes Local Network Address
to realize extensible Internet. It provides an integrated solution
to Internet autonomy and extension issues. In practice, it has
little reformation work, smooth transition and can be implemented
even in unilateral technical action to realize Autonomous
Extensible Internet.
5. Security Considerations
There is no additional security requirement than current Internet
system. Security issues are not discussed in this memo.
6. IANA Considerations
According to the AEIP NAM solution and the constraint condition of
extensible address space, IANA need to plan proper ratio
of GNA and LNA in 32-bit IP version 4 address capacity and adjust
their assignment in different AIP networks.
7. Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank everybody for their valuable opinion
and evaluation to this document.
Diao, et al. Expires February 15, 2018 [Page 11]
Internet-Draft Autonomous Extensible Internet(AEIP NAM) August, 2017
8. References
8.1. Normative References
[RFC 791] Postel, J., ed., "Internet Protocol - DARPA Internet
Program Protocol Specification", RFC 791, September 1981.
[RFC1034] Mockapetris, P., "Domain names - concepts and facilities",
STD 13, RFC 1034, November 1987.
[RFC1035] Mockapetris, P., "Domain names - Implementation and
Specification", STD 13, RFC 1035, November 1987.
[RFC2460] Deering, S. and R. Hinden, "Internet Protocol, Version 6
(IPv6) Specification", RFC 2460, December 1998.
[RFC1918] Rekhter Y, Moskowitz B, Karrenberg D, et al, "Address
Allocation for Private Internets", RFC 1918[S],
February 1996.
[RFC1518] Rekhter, Y, Li T. "An Architecture for IP Address
Allocation with CIDR", RFC 1518, September 1993.
[RFC2663] Srisuresh P, Holdrege M. "IP Network Address Translator
(NAT) Terminology and Considerations", RFC 2663,
August 1999.
8.2. Informative References
[RFC1706] B. Manning, and R. Colella, "DNS NSAP Resource Records",
RFC 1706, October 1994.
[RFC3596] S. Thomson, C. Huitema, V. Ksinant, and M. Souissi, "DNS
Extensions to Support IP Version 6", RFC 3596, October
2003.
[RFC2782] A. Gulbrandsen, P. Vixie, and L. Esibov, "A DNS RR for
specifying the location of services (DNS SRV)", RFC 2782,
February 2000.
[AIP] Diao Yuping, Diao Yongping, Liao Ming, "DNS Extension for
Autonomous Internet", draft-diao-aip-dns(work in
progress), June 2012.
Diao, et al. Expires February 15, 2018 [Page 12]
Internet-Draft Autonomous Extensible Internet(AEIP NAM) August, 2017
Authors' Addresses
Diao Yuping
Information Institute of Guangdong University of Finance & Economics,
21 Luntou Road, Haizhu District,
Guangzhou 510320, China.
Email: diaoyp73@yahoo.com
Diao Yongping
China Telecom-Guangzhou Institute
109 West Zhongshan Ave,
Guangzhou 510630, China.
Email: diaoyp@yahoo.com
Liao Ming
610 Tianhe North Road,
Guangzhou 510631, China.
Email: luminous_liao@yahoo.com
Diao, et al. Expires February 15, 2018 [Page 13]
