Internet DRAFT - draft-ahn-manet-clustering-architecture
draft-ahn-manet-clustering-architecture
MANET Working Group Sanghyun Ahn
Internet Draft University of Seoul
Expires: November 4, 2013 Hyogon Kim
Korea University
May 13, 2013
Architecture for MANET Clustering
draft-ahn-manet-clustering-architecture-01.txt
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Abstract
This document describes the architecture for clustering in the MANET
which can be an efficient communication structure for the case
when MANET nodes have the tendency of forming groups. In this type of
MANET, each group of nodes forms a cluster which is represented by a
cluster head. In this draft, we define the terminology for the MANET
clustering and the related communication procedure.
Table of Contents
1. Requirements notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
4. Cluster Formation Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
5. Data Exchange Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
6. Cluster Reformation Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
7. Other Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
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1. Requirements notation
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].
2. Introduction
A MANET is a wireless multihop network with a number of mobile nodes.
Especially in a military or office MANET, nodes tend to form groups.
In this type of MANETs, the traditional flat communication structure
does not perform efficiently. Instead, the clustering architecture is
a better communication structure since it fits well to the physical
network topology of this type of MANETs [1]. We call the MANET
employing the clustering architecture the MANET clustering.
In a MANET with clustering, there can be a number of MANET clusters
and a node called a cluster head (CH) represents each MANET cluster.
A MANET cluster consists of a CH and a number of cluster members
which are within the range of the cluster size of the CH.
All CHs have the same fixed cluster size (in the number of hops).
A node can be a member of only one cluster. That is, if a node is
within the range of the cluster size of more than one CHs, it has
to choose only one CH as its cluster head.
In this draft, we define the terminology and the communication
architecture for the MANET clustering.
3. Terminology
Cluster Head The representative node of a cluster; the
cluster head receives data from its cluster
members and forwards the data to the cluster
head of the cluster to which the destination
belongs, and vice versa.
Cluster Member The node belonging to a cluster
Cluster Size The maximum number of hops from a cluster head
to any one of its cluster members; in this
draft, we assume that the cluster size is fixed
to k
Cluster Formation Procedure
The procedure that cluster heads and cluster
members are determined; composed of the cluster
announcement phase and the cluster join phase
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Cluster Announcement Phase
The cluster head sends the Cluster Announcement
message to its k-hop neighbors to indicate its
willingness of forwarding data from its cluster
members
Cluster Join Phase The node wishing to act as a cluster member
sends out a Cluster Join message to the cluster
head upon receiving a Cluster Announcement
message from the cluster head
Data Exchange Procedure
The procedure that a node sends data to another
node via their cluster heads; data exchange
between two nodes in different clusters must
be forwarded by their cluster heads
Cluster Reformation Procedure
The procedure that a cluster head gives up its
role and its members change clusters to belong
4. Cluster Formation Procedure
For the MANET clustering to work, MANET nodes have to form clusters
by following the cluster formation procedure which is composed of the
cluster announcement phase and the cluster join phase. The cluster
formation procedure is carried out either periodically or when a
prespecified event occurs (e.g., when a CH gives up its role).
After the cluster formation procedure, two nodes in different
clusters can communicate via their CHs.
The algorithm for a node to determine itself to be a CH is out of the
scope of this draft. Once a node decides to beomce a CH, it sends out
a Cluster Announcement message to its k-hop neighbors, where k is the
cluster size. We call this phase the cluster announcement phase.
Once a node receives a Cluster Announcement message, it replies back
to the corresponding CH (i.e., the originator of the Cluster
Announcement message) with a Cluster Join message, if it wishes to
join the cluster announced by the Cluster Announcement message.
If a node receives more than one Cluster Announcement messages, it
has to reply back to only one CH by sending a Cluster Join message
only to the chosen CH. We call this phase the cluster join phase.
Steps (1) and (2) of figure 1 shows the message exchange scenario of
the cluster formation procedure initiated by cluster heads n2 and n4
In this scenario, node n3 receives Cluster Announcement messages from
both n2 and n4, and replies back only to n4.
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n1 n2(CH) n3 n4(CH)
(1) Cluster
Announcement <-----------+-----------><-----------+
Phase
(2) Cluster
Join +-----------> +----------->
Phase
(3) Data +===========>
From n1
To n3 +========================>
<===========+
Figure 1. A message exchange scenario of MANET cluster formation
5. Data Exchange Procedure
Once cluster formation procedure is completed, the data sent from
nodes in different clusters must be forwarded by their cluster heads.
Step (3) of Figure 1 shows the message exchange scenario for data
delivery from n1 to n3 via cluster heads n2 and n4. First, n1 sends
a data packet to its CH n2 and n2 forwards it to the destination
CH n4 and, finally, n4 forwards it to the destination node n3.
In order for this data delivery to work, a source CH is required to
know the destination CH. How to determine the destination CH will be
defined later.
If source and destination nodes are in the same cluster and reachable
via 1-hop, then those nodes can directly communicate without the help
of the cluster head. However, if they are more than 1-hop away, they
must communicate via their cluster head even though they are in the
same cluster.
6. Cluster Reformation Procedure
The cluster reformation procedure can be initiated by either (i) a
periodic CLAN message or (ii) a Cluster Giveup (CLGU) message.
The cluster reformation procedure of the case (i) is the same as
the cluster formation procedure in section 4. The cluster reformation
procedure of the case (ii) is started when a CH broadcasts a CLGU
message to its members. A CLGU message is generated by a CH when it
faces some circumstances that it can not continue its role as a CH
such as the energy depletion or some other events prespecified by
a cluster management mechanism.
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When a member receives a CLGU message from its CH, it decides whether
it will become a CH or send a CLJN message to another CH. If it
decides to become a CH, it has to go through the cluster formation
procedure described in section 4. Otherwise, it sends a CLJN message
to one of the CHs from which it has received CLAN messages recently.
7. Other Considerations
TBD.
References
[1] I. G. Shayeb and et. al., "A Survey of Clustering Schemes for
Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET)," Americal Journal of Scientific
Research, pp. 135-151, 2011.
Authors' Addresses
Sanghyun Ahn
University of Seoul
90, Cheonnong-dong, Tongdaemun-gu
Seoul 130-743
Korea
Email: ahn@uos.ac.kr
Hyogon Kim
Korea University
145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu
Seoul 136-701
Korea
Email: hyogon@gmail.com
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