Network Working Group Max Wildgrube INTERNET-DRAFT Category: Informational Document: draft-wildgrube-sdxf-06.txt September 2000 Expiration Date: March 2001 STRUCTURED DATA EXCHANGE FORMAT (SDXF) This document is an Internet-Draft and is in full conformance with all provisions of Section 10 of RFC2026. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html. Please send your comments to the author: max@wildgrube.com Abstract: This specification describes an all-purpose interchange format for use as a file format or for net-working. Data is organized in chunks which can be ordered in hierarchical structures. This format is self-describing and cpu-independent. Difference to the previous draft: - Discussion of ASN.1 and XML included - IANA specifications for compression and encryption methods included - Description of compression method 01 included. - References and Acknowledgements included Wildgrube Informational [Page 1] STRUCTURED DATA EXCHANGE FORMAT September 2000 Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Description of the SDXF data format. 3. Introduction to the SDXF functions 3.1 General remarks 3.2 Writing a SDXF buffer 3.3 Reading a SDXF buffer 3.4 Example 4. Platform independence 5. Compression 6. Encryption 7. Arrays 8. Description of the SDXF functions 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Basic definitions 8.3 Definitions for C++ 8.4 Common Definitions 8.5 Special functions 9. Security Considerations 10. Some general hints 11. IANA considerations 12. Discussion 12.1 SDXF vs. ASN.1 12.2 SDXF vs. XML 13. Author's Address 14. Acknowledgements 15. References 1. Introduction The purpose of the Structured Data eXchange Format (SDXF) is to permit the interchange of an arbitrary structured data block with different kinds of data (numerical, text, bitstrings). This data format is not limited to any application, the demand for this format is that it is usable as a text format for word-processing, as a picture format, a sound format, for remote procedure calls with complex parameters, suitable for document formats, for interchanging business data, etc. SDXF is self-describing, every program can unpack every SDXF-data without knowing the meaning of the individual data elements. Together with the description of the data format a set of functions will be introduced. With the help of these functions one can create and access the data elements of SDXF. The idea is that a programmer should only use these functions instead of maintaining the structure by himself on the level of bits and bytes. (In the speech of object-oriented programming these functions are methods of an object which works as a handle for a given SDXF data block.) SDXF is not limited on a specific platform, along with a correct Wildgrube Informational [Page 2] STRUCTURED DATA EXCHANGE FORMAT September 2000 preparation of the SDXF functions the SDXF data can be interchanged (via network or data carrier) across the boundaries of different architectures (specified by the character code like ASCII, ANSI or EBCDIC and the byte order for binary data) SDXF is also prepared to compress and encrypt parts or the whole block of SDXF data. 2. Description of SDXF data format. 2.1 First we introduce the term "chunk". A chunk is a data structure with a fixed set of components. A chunk may be "elementary" or "structured". The latter one contains itself one or more other chunks. A chunk consists of a header and the data body (content): +----------+-----+-------+-----------------------------------+ | Name | Pos.| Length| Description | +----------+-----+-------+-----------------------------------+ | chunk-ID | 1 | 2 | ID of the chunk (unsigned short) | | flags | 3 | 1 | type and properties of this chunk | | length | 4 | 3 | length of the following data | | content | 7 | *) | net data or a list of of chunks | +----------+-----+-------+-----------------------------------+ (* as stated in "length". total length of chunk is length+6 The chunk ID is a non-zero positive number. or more visually: +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+-... | chunkID | fl | length | content +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+-... or in ASN.1 syntax: chunk ::= SEQUENCE { chunkID INTEGER (1..65535), flags BIT STRING, length OCTET STRING SIZE 3, -- or: INTEGER (0..16777215) content OCTET STRING } 2.2 Structured chunk. A structured chunk is marked as such by the flag byte (see 2.6). Opposed to an elementary chunk his content consists of a list of chunks (elementary or structured): visually in a shorter form: Wildgrube Informational [Page 3] STRUCTURED DATA EXCHANGE FORMAT September 2000 +----+-+---+-------+-------+-------+-----+-------+ | id |f|len| chunk | chunk | chunk | ... | chunk | +----+-+---+-------+-------+-------+-----+-------+ With the help of this concept you can reproduce every hierarchically structured data into a SDXF chunk. 2.3 Some Remarks about the internal representation of the chunk's elements: Binary values are always in high-order-first (big endian) format, like the binary values in the IP header (network format). A length of 300 (=256 + 32 + 12) is stored as +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+-- | | | 00 01 2C | content +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+-- in hexadecimal notation. This is also valid for the chunk-ID. 2.4 Character values in the content portion are also an object of adaptation: see chapter 4. 2.5 Meaning of the flag-bits: Let us represent the flag byte in this manner: +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |0|1|2|3|4|5|6|7| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | +-- reserved | | | | | | +---- array | | | | | +------ short chunk | | | | +-------- encrypted chunk | | | +---------- compressed chunk | | | +-+-+------------ data type (0..7) data types: 0 -- pending structure (chunk is inconsistent) 1 -- structure 2 -- bit string 3 -- numeric 4 -- character 5 -- float (ANSI/IEEE 754-1985) 6 -- reserved 7 -- reserved Wildgrube Informational [Page 4] STRUCTURED DATA EXCHANGE FORMAT September 2000 (The data type zero is explained in 10.1) 2.6 A short chunk has no data body. The 3 byte Length field is used as data bytes instead. This is used in order to save space when there are many small chunks. 2.7 Compressed and encrypted chunks are explained in chapter 5 and 6. 2.8 Arrays are explained in chapter 7. 2.9 Not all combinations of bits are allowed or reasonable: - the flags 'array' and 'short' are mutually exclusive. - 'short' is not applicable for data type 'structure' and 'float'. - 'array' is not applicable for data type 'structure'. 3. Introduction to the SDXF functions 3.1 General remarks The functionality of the SDXF concept is not bounded to any programming language, but of course the functions themselves must be coded in a particular language. I discuss these functions in C and C++, because in the meanwhile these languages are available on almost all platforms. All these functions for reading and writing SDXF chunks uses only one parameter, a parameter structure. As member functions of the C++ class this parameter structure is part of the class. An exact description of the interface is given in chapter 8. 3.2 Writing a SDXF buffer To write SDXF chunks, there are following functions: init -- initialize the parameter structure create -- create a new chunk leave -- "close" a structured chunk 3.3 Reading a SDXF buffer To read SDXF chunks, there are following functions: init -- initialize the parameter structure enter -- "go into" a structured chunk next -- "go to" the next chunk inside a structured chunk extract -- extract the content of an elementary chunk into user's data area leave -- "go out" off a structured chunk Wildgrube Informational [Page 5] STRUCTURED DATA EXCHANGE FORMAT September 2000 3.4 Example: 3.4.1 Writing: (For demonstration we use a reduced (outlined) C++ Form of these functions with polymorph definitions: void create (short chunkID); // opens a new structure, void create (short chunkID, char *string); // creates a new chunk with dataType character, etc.) The sequence: SDXF x(new); // create the SDXF class "x" for a new chunk // includes the "init" x.create (3301); // opens a new structure x.create (3302, "first chunk"); x.create (3303, "second chunk"); x.create (3304); // opens a new structure x.create (3305, "chunk in a structure"); x.create (3306, "next chunk in a structure"); x.leave (); // closes the inner structure x.create (3307, "third chunk"); x.leave (); // closes the outer structure creates a chunk which we can show graphically like: 3301 | +--- 3302 = "first chunk" | +--- 3303 = "second chunk" | +--- 3304 | | | +--- 3305 = "chunk in a structure" | | | +--- 3306 = "next chunk in a structure" | +--- 3307 = "last chunk" 3.4.2 Reading A typically access to a structured SDXF chunk is a selection inside a loop: SDXF x(old); // defines a SDXF class "x" for an old chunk x.enter (); while (x.rc == 0) // 0 == ok, rc will set by the SDXF functions { switch (x.chunkID) { Wildgrube Informational [Page 6] STRUCTURED DATA EXCHANGE FORMAT September 2000 case 3302: x.extract (data1, maxLength); // extr. 1st chunk into data1 break; case 3303: x.extract (data2, maxLength); // extr. 2nd chunk into data2 break; case 3304: // we know this is a structure x.enter (); while (x.rc == 0) // inner loop { switch (x.chunkID) { case 3305: x.extract (data3, maxLength); // extr. the chunk inside struct. break; case 3306: x.extract (data4, maxLength); // extr. 2nd chunk inside struct. break; } x.next (); // returns x.rc = 1 at end of structure } // end-while break; case 3307: x.extract (data5, maxLength); // extract last chunk into data break; default: // ignore unknown chunks !!! } // end-switch x.next (); // returns x.rc = 1 at end of structure } // end-while 4. Platform independence The very most of the computer platforms today have a 8-Bits-in-a-Byte architecture, which enables data exchange between these platforms. But there are two significant points in which platforms may be different: a) The representation of binary numerical (the short and long int Wildgrube Informational [Page 7] STRUCTURED DATA EXCHANGE FORMAT September 2000 and floats). b) The representation of characters (ASCII/ANSI vs. EBCDIC) Point (a) is the phenomenon of "byte swapping": How is a short int value 259 = 0x0103 = X'0103' be stored on address 4402? the two flavours are: 4402 4403 01 03 the big-endian, and 03 01 the little-endian. Point (b) is represented by a table of the assignment of the 256 possible values of a Byte to printable or control characters. (in ASCII the letter "A" is assigned to value (or position) 0x41 = 65, in EBCDIC it is 0xC1 = 193) The solution of the problems which results out of it is to normalize the data: We fix: (a) The internal representation of binary numerals are 2-complements in big-endian order. (b) The internal representation of characters is ISO 8859-1 (also known as Latin 1). The fixing of point (b) should be regarded as a first strike. In some environment 8859-1 seems not to be the best choice, in a greek or russian environment 8859-5 or 8859-7 are appropriate. Nevertheless, in a specific group (or world) of applications, that is to say all the applications which wants to interchange data with a defined protocol (via networking or diskette or something else), this internal character table must be unique. So a possibility to define a translation table (and his inversion) should be given. Important: You construct a SDXF chunk not for a specific addressee, but you adapt your data into a normalized format (or network format). This adaption is not done by the programmer, it will be done by the create and extract function. An administrator has take care of defining the correct translation tables. Wildgrube Informational [Page 8] STRUCTURED DATA EXCHANGE FORMAT September 2000 5. Compression As stated in 2.5 there is a flag bit which declares that the following data (elementary or structured) are compressed. This data is not further interpretable until it is decompressed. Compression is transparently done by the SDXF functions: "create" does the compression for elementary chunks, "leave" for structured chunks, "extract" does the decompression for elementary chunks, "enter" for structured chunks. Transparently means that the programmer has only to tell the SDXF functions that he want compress the following chunk(s). For choosing between different compression methods and for controlling the decompressed (original) length, there is an additional definition: After the chunk header for a compressed chunk, a compression header is following: +-----------------------+---------------+----------------> | chunk header | compr. header | compressed data +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+----------------> |chunkID|flg| length |md | orglength | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+----------------> -- 'orglength' is the original (decompressed) length of the data. -- 'md' is the "compression method": Two methods are described here: --- 01 for a simple (fast but not very effective) "Run Length 1" or "Byte Run 1" algorithm. (More then two consecutive identical characters are replaced by the number of these characters and the character itself.) more precisely: The compressed data consists of several sections of various length. Every section starts with a "counter" byte, a signed "tiny" (8 bit) integer, which contains a length information. If this byte contains the value "n", with n >= 0 (and n <128), the next n+1 bytes will be taken unchanged; with n < 0 (and n > -128), the next byte will be replicated -n+1 times; n = -128 will be ignored. Appending blanks will be cutted in general. If these are necessary, they can be reconstructed while "extract"ing with the parameter field "filler" (see 8.2.1) set to space character. --- 02 for the wonderful "deflate" algorithm which comes from the Wildgrube Informational [Page 9] STRUCTURED DATA EXCHANGE FORMAT September 2000 "zip"-people. The authors are: Jean-loup Gailly (deflate routine), Mark Adler (inflate routine). The deflate format is described in [DEFLATE]. For more information: see http://www.info-zip.org/pub/infozip The values for the compression method number are maintained by IANA, see chap. 11.1. 6. Encryption As stated in 2.5 there is a flag bit which declares that the following data (elementary or structured) is encrypted. This data is not interpretable until it is decrypted. En/Decryption is transparently done by the SDXF functions, "create" does the encryption for elementary chunks, "leave" for structured chunks, "extract" does the decryption for elementary chunks, "enter" for structured chunks. (Yes it sounds very similar to chapter 5.) More then one encryption method for a given range of applications is not very reasonable. We specify that the length of the data will not be changed by encryption. So a special encryption header (similar as the compression header) is not necessary. If an application (OR network connect handshaking protocol) needs to negotiate an encryption method it should be used a method number maintained by IANA, see chap. 11.2. Even the en/decryption is done transparently, an encryption key (password) must be given to the SDXF functions. Encryption is done after translating character data into, decryption is done before translation from the internal ("network-") format. If both, encryption and compression are applied on the same chunk, compression is done first - compression on good encrypted data (same strings appears as different after encryption) tends to zero compression rates. 7. Arrays An array is a sequence of chunks with identical chunk-ID, length and data type. At first a hint: in principle a special definition in SDXF for such an array is not really necessary: It is not forbidden that there are more than one chunk with equal Wildgrube Informational [Page 10] STRUCTURED DATA EXCHANGE FORMAT September 2000 chunk-ID within the same structured chunk. Therefore with a sequence of SDX_next / SDX_extract calls one can fill the destination array step by step. If there are many occurences of chunks with the same chunk-ID (and a comparative small length), the overhead of the chunk-packages may be significant. Therefore the array flag is introduced. An array chunk has only one chunk header for the complete sequence of elementary chunks. After the chunk header for an array chunk, an array header is following: This is a short integer (big endian!) which contains the number of the array elements (CT) . Every element has a fixed length (EL), so the chunklength (CL) is CL = EL * CT + 2. The data elements follows immediately after the array header. The complete array will be constructed by SDX_create, the complete array will be read by SDX_extract. The parameter fields (see 8.2.1) 'dataLength' and 'count' are used for the SDXF functions 'extract' and 'create': Field 'dataLength' is the common length of the array elements, 'count' is the actual dimension of the array for 'create' (input). For the 'extract' function 'count' acts both as an input and output parameter: Input : the maximum dimension output: the actual array dimension. (If output count is greater than input count, the 'data cutted' warning will be responded and the destination array is filled up to the maximum dimension.) 8. Description of the SDXF functions 8.1 Introduction Following the principles of Object Oriented Programming, not only the description of the data is necessary, but also the functions which manipulate data - the "methods". For the programmer knowing the methods is more important than knowing the data structure, the methods has to know the exact specifications of the data and guarantees the consistence of the data while creating them. Wildgrube Informational [Page 11] STRUCTURED DATA EXCHANGE FORMAT September 2000 A SDXF object is an instance of a parameter structure which acts as a programming interface. Especially it points to an actual SDXF data chunk, and, while processing on this data, there is a pointer to the actual inner chunk which will be the focus for the next operation. The benefit of an exact interface description is the same as using for example the standard C library functions: By using standard interfaces your code remains platform independent. 8.2 Basic definitions 8.2.1 The SDXF Parameter structure All SDXF access functions need only one parameter, a pointer to the SDXF parameter structure: First 3 prerequisite definitions: typedef short int ChunkID; typedef unsigned char Byte; typedef struct Chunk { ChunkID chunkID; Byte flags; char length [3]; Byte data; } Chunk; And now the parameter structure: typedef struct { ChunkID chunkID; // name (ID) of Chunk Byte *container; // pointer to the whole Chunk long bufferSize; // size of container Chunk *currChunk; // pointer to actual Chunk long dataLength; // length of data in Chunk long maxLength; // max. length of Chunk for SDX_extract long remainingSize; // rem. size in cont. after SDX_create long value; // for data type numeric / init option double fvalue; // for data type float char *function; // name of the executed SDX function Byte *data; // pointer to Data Byte *cryptkey; // pointer to Crypt Key short count; // (max.) number of elements in an array short dataType; // Chunk data type / init open type short ec; // extended return-code short rc; // return-code short level; // level of hierarchy Wildgrube Informational [Page 12] STRUCTURED DATA EXCHANGE FORMAT September 2000 char filler; // filler char for SDX_extract Byte encrypt; // Indication if data to encrypt (0 / 1) Byte compression; // compression method // (00=none, 01=RL1, 02=zip/deflate) } SDX_obj, *SDX_handle; Only the "public" fields of the parameter structure is described, which acts as input and output for the SDXF functions. A given implementation may add some "private" fields to this structure. 8.2.2 Basic Functions All these functions works with a SDX_handle as the only formal parameter. Every function returns as output ec and rc as a report of success. For the values for ec, rc and dataType see chap. 8.4. 8.2.2.1 SDX_init : Initialize the parameter structure. input : container, dataType, bufferSize (for dataType = SDX_NEW only) output: currChunk, dataLength (for dataType = SDX_OLD only), ec, rc, the other fields of the parameter structure will be initialized. 8.2.2.2 SDX_enter : Enter a structured chunk. You can access the first chunk inside this structured chunk. input : none output: currChunk, chunkID, dataLength, level, dataType, ec, rc 8.2.2.3 SDX_leave : Leave the actual entered structured chunk. input : none output: currChunk, chunkID, dataLength, level, dataType, ec, rc 8.2.2.4 SDX_next : Go to the next chunk inside a structured chunk. input : none output: currChunk, chunkID, dataLength, dataType, count, ec, rc At the end of a structured chunk SDX_next returns rc = SDX_RC_failed and ec = SDX_EC_eoc (end of chunk) The actual structured chunk is SDX_leave'd automatically. 8.2.2.5 SDX_extract : Extract data of the actual chunk. (If actual chunk is structured, only a copy is done, elsewhere the data is converted to host format.) input / output depends on the dataType: Wildgrube Informational [Page 13] STRUCTURED DATA EXCHANGE FORMAT September 2000 if dataType is structured, binary or char: input : data, maxLength, count, filler output: dataLength, count, ec, rc if dataType is numeric (float resp.): input : none output: value (fvalue resp.), ec, rc 8.2.2.6 SDX_select : Go to the (next) chunk with a given chunkID. input : chunkID output: currChunk, dataLength, dataType, ec, rc 8.2.2.8 SDX_create : Creating a new chunk (at the end of the actual structured chunk). input : chunkID, dataLength, data, (f)value, dataType, compression, encrypt, count update: remainingSize, level output: currChunk, dataLength, ec, rc 8.2.2.9 SDX_append : Append a complete chunk at the end of the actual structured chunk). input : data, maxLength, currChunk update: remainingSize, level output: chunkID, chunkLength, maxLength, dataType, ec, rc 8.3 Definitions for C++ This is the specification of the SDXF class in C++: (Byte is defined as "unsigned char" for bitstrings, opposed to "signed char" for character strings) class C_SDXF { public: // constructors and destructor: C_SDXF (); // dummy C_SDXF (Byte *cont); // old container C_SDXF (Byte *cont, long size); // new container C_SDXF (long size); // new container ~C_SDXF (); // methods: void init (void); // old container void init (Byte *cont); // old container void init (Byte *cont, long size); // new container void init (long size); // new container void enter (void); Wildgrube Informational [Page 14] STRUCTURED DATA EXCHANGE FORMAT September 2000 void leave (void); void next (void); long extract (Byte *data, long length); // chars, bits long extract (void); // numeric data void create (ChunkID); // structured void create (ChunkID, long value); // numeric void create (ChunkID, double fvalue); // float void create (ChunkID, Byte *data, long length);// binary void create (ChunkID, char *data); // chars void set_compression (Byte compression_method); void set_encryption (Byte *encryption_key); // interface: ChunkID id; // see 8.4.1 short dataType; // see 8.4.2 long length; // length of data or chunk long value; double fvalue; short rc; // the raw return code see 8.4.3 short ec; // the extended return code see 8.4.4 protected: // implementation dependent ... }; 8.4 Common Definitions: 8.4.1 Definition of ChunkID: typedef short ChunkID; 8.4.2 Values for dataType: SDX_DT_inconsistent = 0 SDX_DT_structured = 1 SDX_DT_binary = 2 SDX_DT_numeric = 3 SDX_DT_char = 4 SDX_DT_float = 5 data types for SDX_init: SDX_OLD = 1 SDX_NEW = 2 8.4.3 Values for rc: SDX_RC_ok = 0 SDX_RC_failed = 1 Wildgrube Informational [Page 15] STRUCTURED DATA EXCHANGE FORMAT September 2000 SDX_RC_warning = 1 SDX_RC_illegalOperation = 2 SDX_RC_dataError = 3 SDX_RC_parameterError = 4 SDX_RC_programError = 5 SDX_RC_noMemory = 6 8.4.4 Values for ec: SDX_EC_ok = 0 SDX_EC_eoc = 1 SDX_EC_notFound = 2 SDX_EC_dataCutted = 3 SDX_EC_overflow = 4 SDX_EC_wrongInitType = 5 SDX_EC_comprerr = 6 SDX_EC_forbidden = 7 SDX_EC_unknown = 8 SDX_EC_levelOvflw = 9 SDX_EC_paramMissing = 10 SDX_EC_magicError = 11 SDX_EC_not_consistent = 12 SDX_EC_wrongDataType = 13 SDX_EC_noMemory = 14 SDX_EC_error = 99 8.5 Special functions Besides the basic definitions there is a global function (SDX_getOptions) which returns a pointer to a global table of options. With the help of these options you can adapt the behaviour of SDXF. Especially you can define an alternative pair of translation tables or an alternative function which reads these tables from an external resource (p.e. from disk) In this table of options there is also a pointer to the function which is used for encryption / decryption: You can install your own encryption algorithm by setting this pointer. The options pointer is received by: SDX_TOptions opt = SDX_getOptions (); With: typedef struct { Byte *toHost; // Trans tab net -> host Byte *toNet; // Trans tab host -> net int maxlevel; // highest possible level Wildgrube Informational [Page 16] STRUCTURED DATA EXCHANGE FORMAT September 2000 int translation; // translation net <-> host // is in effect=1 or not=0 TEncryptProc *encryptProc; // altern. encryption routine TGetTablesProc *getTablesProc; // altern. routine defining // translation Tables } SDX_TOptions; typedef int TEncryptProc ( Byte *buffer, long len, // len: length of buffer char *passw, // Password int modif ); // = 0 (Modifier for special applications // returns success: 1 = ok, 0 = error typedef int TGetTablesProc (Byte **toNet, Byte **toHost); // toNet, toHost: pointer to output params. Both params // points to translation tables of 256 Bytes. // returns success: 1 = ok, 0 = error. 9. Security Considerations Any corruption of data in the chunk headers denounce the complete SDXF structure. Any corruption of data in a encrypted or compressed SDXF structure makes this chunk unusable. An integrity check after decryption or decompression is done by the "enter" function. While using TCP/IP (more precisely: IP) as a transmission medium we can trust on his CRC check on the transport layer. 10. Some general hints 10.1 A consistent construction of a SDXF structure is done if every "create" to a structured chunk is closed by a paired "leave". While a structured chunk is under construction, his data type is set to zero - that means: this chunk is inconsistent. The SDX_leave function sets the datatype to "structured". 10.2 While creating an elementary chunk a platform dependent transformation to a platform independent format of the data is performed - at the end of construction the content of the buffer is ready to transport to another site, without any further translation. 10.3 As you see no data definition in your programming language is needed for to construct a specific SDXF structure. The data is created dynamically by function calls. 10.4 With SDXF as a base you can define protocols for client / server applications. With following two rules these protocols may be Wildgrube Informational [Page 17] STRUCTURED DATA EXCHANGE FORMAT September 2000 extended in downward compatibility manner: Rule 1: Ignore unknown chunkIDs. Rule 2: The sequence of chunks should not be significant. 11. IANA considerations The compression and encryption algorithms for SDXF is not fixed, SDXF is open for various algorithms. Therefore an agreement is necessary to interprete the compression and encryption algorithm method numbers. (encryption methods are not a semantic part of SDXF, but may be used for a connection protocol to negotiate the encryption method to use) Following two items are registerd by IANA: 11.1 COMPRESSION METHODS FOR SDXF The compressed SDXF chunk starts with a "compression header". This header contains the compression method as an unsigned 1-Byte integer (1-255). These numbers are assigned by IANA and listed here: compression method Description --------- ---------------------------------- 01 RUN-LENGTH algorithm, see chap. 5 02 DEFLATE (ZIP), see [DEFLATE] 03-239 IANA to assign 240-255 private or application specific 11.2 ENCRYPTION METHODS FOR SDXF An unique encryption method is fixed or negotiated by handshaking. For the latter one a number for each encryption method is necessary. These numbers are unsigned 1-Byte integers (1-255). These numbers are assigned by IANA and listed here: encryption method Description --------- ------------------------------ 01-239 IANA to assign 240-255 private or application specific 11.3 Hints for assigning a number: Developers which want to register a compression or encrypt method for SDXF should contact IANA for a method number. The ASSIGNED NUMBERS document should be referred to for a current list of METHOD Wildgrube Informational [Page 18] STRUCTURED DATA EXCHANGE FORMAT September 2000 numbers and their corresponding protocols, see [IANA]. The new method SHOULD be a standard published as a RFC or by a established standardization organization (as OSI). 12. Discussion There are already some standards for Internet data exchanging, IETF prefers ASN.1 and XML therefore. So the reasons for establish a new data format should be discussed. 12.1 SDXF vs. ASN.1 The demand of ASN.1 (see [ASN.1]) is to serve program language independent means to define data structures. The real data format which is used to send the data is not defined by ASN.1 but usually BER or PER (or some derivates of them like CER and DER) are used in this context, see [BER] and [PER]. The idea behind ASN.1 is: On every platform on which a given application is to develop descriptions of the used data structures are available in ASN.1 notation. Out off these notations the real language dependent definitions are generated with the help of an ASN.1-compiler. This compiler generates also transform functions for these data structures for to pack and unpack to and from the BER (or other) format. A direct comparison between ASN.1 and SDXF is somehow inappropriate: The data format of SDXF is related rather to BER (and relatives). The use of ASN.1 to define data structures is no contradiction to SDXF, but: SDXF does not require a complete data structure to build the message to send, nor a complete data structure will be generated out off the received message. The main difference lies in the concept of building and interpretation of the message, I want to name it the "static" and "dynamic" concept: o ASN.1 uses a "static" approach: The whole data structure must exists before the message can be created. o SDXF constructs and interpretes the message in a "dynamic" way, the message will be packed and unpacked step by step by the SDXF functions. The use of static structures may be appropriate for a series of applications, but for complex tasks it is often impossible to define the message as a whole. As an example try to define an ASN.1 description for a complex structured text document which is presented in XML: There are sections and paragraphs and text elements which may recursively consist of sections with specific text attributes. Wildgrube Informational [Page 19] STRUCTURED DATA EXCHANGE FORMAT September 2000 12.2 SDXF vs. XML On the one hand SDXF and XML are similar as they can handle any recursive complex data stream. The main difference is the kind of data which are to be maintained: o XML works with pure text data (though it should be noted that the character representation is not standardized by XML). And: a XML document with all his tags is readable by human. Binary data as graphic is not included directly but may be referenced by an external link as in HTML. In XML there is no strong separation between informational and control data, escape characters (like "<" and "&") and the [data[...]] construction are used to distinguish between these two types of data. o SDXF maintains machine-readable data, it is not designed to be readable by human nor to edit SDXF data with a text editor (even more if compression and encryption is used). With the help of the SDXF functions you have a quick and easy access to every data element. The standard parser for a SDXF data structure follows always a simple template, the "while - switch -case ID - enter/extract" pattern as outlined in chap. 3.4.2. Because of the complete different philosophy behind XML and SDXF (and even ASN.1) a direct comparison may not be very senseful, as XML has its own right to exist next to ASN.1 (and even SDXF). Nevertheless there is a chance to convert a XML data stream into a SDXF structure: As a first strike, every XML tag becomes a SDXF chunk ID. An elementary sequence pure text can be transformed into an elementary (non-structured) chunk with data type "character". Tags with attributes and sequences with nested tags are transformed into structured chunks. Because XML allows a tag sequence everywhere in a text stream, an artifically "elementary text" tag must be introduced: If is the tag for text elements, the sequence: this is a text with attributes is to be "in thought" replaced by: this is a text with attributes This results in following SDXF structure: Wildgrube Informational [Page 20] STRUCTURED DATA EXCHANGE FORMAT September 2000 ID_t | +-- ID_et = " this is a text " | +-- ID_attr | | | +-- ID_value = "bold" | | | +-- ID_et = "with" | +-- ID_et = " attributes" ID_t and ID_et may be represented by the same chunk ID, only distinguished by the data type ("structured" for and "character" for ) Binary data as pictures can be directly imbedded into a SDXF structure instead referencing them as an external link like in HTML. 13. Author's Address Max Wildgrube Schlossstrasse 120 60486 Frankfurt Germany EMail: max@wildgrube.com 14. Acknowledgements I would like to thank Michael J. Slifcak (mslifcak@iss.net) for the supporting discussions. Wildgrube Informational [Page 21] STRUCTURED DATA EXCHANGE FORMAT September 2000 15. References [DEFLATE] L. Peter Deutsch 1996 (and Jean-Loup Gailly, Mark Adler): DEFLATE Compressed Data Format Specification version 1.3 [IANA] Internet Assigned Numbers Authority, http://www.iana.org/numbers.htm [ASN.1] Information processing systems - Open Systems Interconnection, "Specification of Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1)", International Organization for Standardization, International Standard 8824, December 1987. [BER] Information Processing Systems - Open Systems Interconnection - "Specification of Basic Encoding Rules for Abstract Notation One (ASN.1)", International Organization for Standardization, International Standard 8825-1, December 1987. [PER] Information Processing Systems - Open Systems Interconnection - "Specification of Packed Encoding Rules for Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1)", International Organization for Standardization, International Standard 8825-2. 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