GEOPRIV M. Thomson Internet-Draft J. Winterbottom Intended status: Standards Track Andrew Expires: November 9, 2008 May 8, 2008 Using Device-provided Location-Related Measurements in HELD draft-thomson-geopriv-held-measurements-02.txt Status of this Memo By submitting this Internet-Draft, each author represents that any applicable patent or other IPR claims of which he or she is aware have been or will be disclosed, and any of which he or she becomes aware will be disclosed, in accordance with Section 6 of BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet- Drafts. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt. The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html. This Internet-Draft will expire on November 9, 2008. Thomson & Winterbottom Expires November 9, 2008 [Page 1] Internet-Draft Location Measurements for HELD May 2008 Abstract A method is described by which a Device is able to provide location- related measurement data to a LIS within a HELD request. Location- related measurement information are observations concerning properties related to the position of a Device, which could be data about network attachment or about the physical environment around the LIS. When a LIS generates location information for a device, information from the device can improve the accuracy of the location estimate. A basic set of location-related measurements are defined, including common modes of network attachment as well as assisted Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) parameters. Table of Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2. Conventions used in this document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3. Location-Related Measurements in HELD Requests . . . . . . . . 6 4. Location-Related Measurement Data Types . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4.1. Common Location-Related Measurement Fields . . . . . . . . 7 4.1.1. Time of Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4.1.2. Expiry Time on Location-Related Measurement Data . . . 7 4.1.3. RMS Error and Number of Samples . . . . . . . . . . . 8 4.2. LLDP Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 4.3. DHCP Relay Agent Information Measurements . . . . . . . . 9 4.4. 802.11 WLAN Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 4.5. Cellular Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 4.6. GNSS Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 4.6.1. GNSS System and Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 4.6.2. Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 4.6.3. Per-Satellite Measurement Data . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 4.7. DSL Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 4.7.1. L2TP Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 4.7.2. RADIUS Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 4.7.3. Ethernet VLAN Tag Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 4.7.4. ATM Virtual Circuit Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . 18 5. Measurement Schemas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 5.1. Measurement Container Schema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 5.2. Base Type Schema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 5.3. LLDP Measurement Schema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 5.4. DHCP Measurement Schema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 5.5. WiFi Measurement Schema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 5.6. Cellular Measurement Schema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 5.7. GNSS Measurement Schema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 5.8. DSL Measurement Schema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 6. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 7. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Thomson & Winterbottom Expires November 9, 2008 [Page 2] Internet-Draft Location Measurements for HELD May 2008 7.1. IANA Registry for GNSS Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 7.2. URN Sub-Namespace Registration for urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:geopriv:lm . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 7.3. URN Sub-Namespace Registration for urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:geopriv:lm:basetypes . . . . . . . 37 7.4. URN Sub-Namespace Registration for urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:geopriv:lm:lldp . . . . . . . . . . 37 7.5. URN Sub-Namespace Registration for urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:geopriv:lm:dhcp . . . . . . . . . . 38 7.6. URN Sub-Namespace Registration for urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:geopriv:lm:wifi . . . . . . . . . . 39 7.7. URN Sub-Namespace Registration for urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:geopriv:lm:cell . . . . . . . . . . 39 7.8. URN Sub-Namespace Registration for urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:geopriv:lm:gnss . . . . . . . . . . 40 7.9. URN Sub-Namespace Registration for urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:geopriv:lm:dsl . . . . . . . . . . 41 7.10. XML Schema Registration for Measurement Container Schema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 7.11. XML Schema Registration for Base Types Schema . . . . . . 42 7.12. XML Schema Registration for LLDP Schema . . . . . . . . . 42 7.13. XML Schema Registration for DHCP Schema . . . . . . . . . 42 7.14. XML Schema Registration for WiFi Schema . . . . . . . . . 42 7.15. XML Schema Registration for Cellular Schema . . . . . . . 43 7.16. XML Schema Registration for GNSS Schema . . . . . . . . . 43 7.17. XML Schema Registration for DSL Schema . . . . . . . . . . 43 8. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 9. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 9.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 9.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements . . . . . . . . . . 48 Thomson & Winterbottom Expires November 9, 2008 [Page 3] Internet-Draft Location Measurements for HELD May 2008 1. Introduction HELD [I-D.ietf-geopriv-http-location-delivery] describes a means for a device to request location information from an access network. The LIS is expected to be able to retrieve the information necessary to generate location information. As a part of the access network, the LIS is able to acquire measurement results from network devices within the network that are related to Device location. The LIS also has access to information about the network topology that can be used to turn measurement data into location information. However, this information can be enhanced with information acquired from the Device itself. This document describes a means for the Device to report location- related measurement data to the LIS. This measurement data can be used by the LIS to improve the quality of the location estimate it produces. Thomson & Winterbottom Expires November 9, 2008 [Page 4] Internet-Draft Location Measurements for HELD May 2008 2. Conventions used in this document The terms LIS and Device are used in this document in a manner consistent with the usage in [I-D.ietf-geopriv-http-location-delivery]. This document also uses the following definitions: Location Measurement: An observation about the physical properties of a particular device's network access. The result of a location measurement -- "location-related measurement data", or simply "measurement data" given sufficient context -- can be used to determine the location of a device; however, location-related measurement data does not identify a Device. Measurement data can change with time if the location of the Device also changes. A location-related measurement data does not necessarily contain location information directly, but it can be used in combination with contextual knowledge of the network, or algorithms to derive location information. Examples of location-related measurement data are: radio signal strength or timing measurements, Ethernet switch and port identifiers. Location-related measurement data can be considered sighting information, based on the definition in [RFC3693]. Location Estimate: The result of location determination, a location estimate is an approximation of where the Device is located. Location estimates are subject to uncertainty, which arise from errors in measurement results. GNSS: Global Navigation Satellite System. A satellite-based system that provides positioning and time information. For example, the US Global Positioning System (GPS) or the European Galileo system. The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119]. Thomson & Winterbottom Expires November 9, 2008 [Page 5] Internet-Draft Location Measurements for HELD May 2008 3. Location-Related Measurements in HELD Requests This document defines a standard container for the conveyance of location-related measurement parameters in HELD requests. This is an XML container that identifies parameters by type and allows the Device to provide the results of any measurement it is able to perform. A set of measurement schemas are also defined that can be carried in the generic container. The simplest example of measurement data conveyance is illustrated by the example message in Figure 1. This shows a HELD location request message with an Ethernet switch and port measurement taken using LLDP [IEEE.8021AB]. civic 0a01003c c2 Figure 1: HELD Location Request with Measurement Data Measurement data that the LIS does not support or understand can be ignored. Multiple sets of measurement data, either of the same type or from different sources can be included in the "measurements" element. See Section 4.1.1 for details on repetition of this element. The LIS SHOULD validate any location information that is derived from measurement data provided by Devices. Location information generated from measurement data SHOULD be compared against location information that the LIS is able to generate independently. If the two results differ significantly, the LIS SHOULD discard the result that is derived from measurement data; the allowable degree of difference is left to local configuration or implementation. Using location-related measurement data is at the discretion of the LIS, but the "method" parameter in the PIDF-LO SHOULD be adjusted to reflect the method used. Thomson & Winterbottom Expires November 9, 2008 [Page 6] Internet-Draft Location Measurements for HELD May 2008 4. Location-Related Measurement Data Types This document defines location-related measurement data types for a range of common network types. Note: Not all of these measurement data types are provided by a Device; they may be acquired by other hosts in situations such as those described in [I-D.winterbottom-geopriv-lis2lis-req]. 4.1. Common Location-Related Measurement Fields This section describes metadata that is common to a wide range of measurement data. Time of measurement and expiry time apply to all measurements; RMS error and number of samples apply to selected measurement types. 4.1.1. Time of Measurement The "time" attribute records the time that the measurement or observation was made. This time can be different to the time that the measurement information was reported. Time information can be used to populate a timestamp on the location result, or to determine if the measurement information is used. The "time" attribute is optional to avoid forcing an arbitrary choice of timestamp for relatively static types of measurement (for instance, the DSL measurements in Section 4.7) and for legacy devices that don't record time information (such as the Home Location Register/Home Subscriber Server for cellular). However, it is RECOMMENDED that it be provided whenever possible. The "time" attribute is attached to the root "measurement" element. If it is necessary to provide multiple sets of measurement data with different times, multiple "measurement" elements SHOULD be provided. 4.1.2. Expiry Time on Location-Related Measurement Data A Device is able to indicate a time in the location measurement using the "expires" attribute. Nominally, this attribute indicates how long information is expected to be valid for. A Device MAY use this attribute to prevent the LIS from retaining measurement data or limit the time that a LIS retains this information. The LIS MUST NOT keep location-related measurement data beyond the time indicated in the "expires" attribute. Where the "expires" attribute is not provided, the LIS MUST discard location-related measurement data immediately after servicing the current request. Thomson & Winterbottom Expires November 9, 2008 [Page 7] Internet-Draft Location Measurements for HELD May 2008 Figure 2 shows an example of a measurement that includes an expiry attribute. wlan-home 00-12-F0-A0-80-EF Figure 2: Expiry Time Example 4.1.3. RMS Error and Number of Samples Often a measurement is taken more than once over a period of time. Reporting the average of a number of measurement results mitigates the effects of random errors that occur in the measurement process. Typically, a mean value is reported, but additional information about the measurement process can be useful in determining location uncertainty. Two optional attributes are provided for certain measurement values: rmsError: The root-mean-squared (RMS) error of the set of measurement values used in calculating the result. RMS error is expressed in the same units as the measurement, unless otherwise stated. samples: The number of samples that were taken in determining the measurement value. If omitted, this value can be assumed to be a very large value, such that the RMS error is an indication of the standard deviation of the sample set. 4.2. LLDP Measurements LLDP messages are sent between adjacent nodes in an IEEE 802 network (e.g. wired Ethernet, WiFi, 802.16). These messages all contain identification information for the sending node, which can be used to determine location information. A Device that receives LLDP messages can report this information as a location-related measurement to the LIS, which is then able to use the measurement data in determining the location of the Device. The Device MUST report the values directly as they were provided by the adjacent node. Attempting to adjust or translate the type of Thomson & Winterbottom Expires November 9, 2008 [Page 8] Internet-Draft Location Measurements for HELD May 2008 identifier is likely to cause the measurement data to be useless. Where a Device has received LLDP messages from multiple adjacent nodes, it should provide information extracted from those messages by repeating the "lldp" element. An example of an LLDP measurement is shown in Figure 3. This shows an adjacent node (chassis) that is identified by the IP address 192.0.2.45 (hexadecimal c000022d) and the port on that node is numbered using an agent circuit ID [RFC3046] of 162 (hexadecimal a2). c000022d a2 Figure 3: LLDP Measurement Example IEEE 802 Devices that are able to obtain information about adjacent network switches and their attachment to them by other means MAY use this data type to convey this information. 4.3. DHCP Relay Agent Information Measurements The DHCP Relay Agent Information option [RFC3046] provides measurement data about the network attachment of a Device. This measurement data can be included in the "dhcp-rai" element. The elements in the DHCP relay agent information options are opaque data types assigned by the DHCP relay agent. The three items are all optional: circuit identifier ("circuit", [RFC3046]), remote identifier ("remote", [RFC3046], [RFC4649]) and subscriber identifier ("subscriber", [RFC3993], [RFC4580]). The DHCPv6 remote identifier has an associated enterprise number [IANA.enterprise] as an XML attribute. ::ffff:192.0.2.158 108b Figure 4: DHCP Relay Agent Information Measurement Example Thomson & Winterbottom Expires November 9, 2008 [Page 9] Internet-Draft Location Measurements for HELD May 2008 4.4. 802.11 WLAN Measurements In WiFi, or 802.11, networks a Device might be able to provide information about the wireless access point (WAP) that it is attached to, or other WiFi points it is able to see. This is provided using the "wifi" element, as shown in Figure 5. A wifi element is made up of a serving WAP, zero or more neighbouring WAPs, and an optional "nicType" element. Each WAP element is comprised of the following fields: ssid: The service set identifier for the wireless network. This parameter must be provided. bssid: The basic service set identifier. This is the 48 bit Ethernet MAC address of the wireless access point and it must be provided. wapname: The broadcast name for the wireless access point. This element is optional. rssi: The received signal strength indicator of the WAP as seen by the wireless receiver. This value SHOULD be in units of dBm (with RMS error in dB). If the units are unknown, the "dBm" attribute MUST be set to "false". Signal strength reporting on current hardware uses a range of different units; therefore, the value of the "nicType" element SHOULD be included if the units are not known to be in dBm and the value reported by the hardware should be included without modification. This element is optional and includes optional "rmsError" and "samples" attributes. The "nicType" element is used to specify the make and model of the wireless network interface card in the device. Different 802.11 chipsets report the signal strength in different ways, so the nic type must be specified in order for the LIS to use signal strength indicators as part of its location determination process. Thomson & Winterbottom Expires November 9, 2008 [Page 10] Internet-Draft Location Measurements for HELD May 2008 Intel(r)PRO/Wireless 2200BG wlan-home 00-12-F0-A0-80-EF 95 wlan-home 00-12-F0-A0-80-F0 15 wlan-home 00-12-F0-A0-80-F1 12 wlan-home 00-12-F0-A0-80-F2 5 Figure 5: 802.11 WLAN Measurement Example 4.5. Cellular Measurements GSM and UMTS cellular devices are common throughout the world and base station identifiers can provide a good source of coarse location information. This information can be provided to a LIS run by the cellar operator, or may be provided to an alternative LIS operator that has access to one of several global cell-id to location mapping databases. The cellular measurement set allows a device to report to a LIS any UMTS or GSM cells that it is able to hear, cells are reported using their global identifiers. Thomson & Winterbottom Expires November 9, 2008 [Page 11] Internet-Draft Location Measurements for HELD May 2008 12306 1638332767 Figure 6: Example GSM Cellular Measurement 45620 200065000 12306 1638332767 Figure 7: Example UMTS Cellular Measurement In general a cellular device will be attached to the cellular network and so the notion of a serving cell exists. Cellular network also provide overlap between neighbouring sites, so a mobile device can hear more than one cell. The measurement schema supports sending both the serving cell and any other cells that the mobile might be able to hear. In some cases, the device may simply be listening to cell information without actually attaching to the network, mobiles without a SIM are an example of this. In this case the device may simply report cells it can hear without flagging one as a serving cell. An example of this is shown in Figure 8. Thomson & Winterbottom Expires November 9, 2008 [Page 12] Internet-Draft Location Measurements for HELD May 2008 45620 200065000 12306 1638332767 Figure 8: Example Observed Cellular Measurement 4.6. GNSS Measurements GNSS use orbiting satellites to transmit signals. A Device with a GNSS receiver is able to take measurements from the satellite signals. The results of these measurements can be used to determine time and the location of the Device. Determining location and time in autonomous GNSS receivers follows three steps: Signal acquisition: During the signal acquisition stage, the receiver searches for the repeating code that is sent by each GNSS satellite. Successful operation typically requires measurement data for a minimum of 5 satellites. At this stage, measurement data is available to the device. Navigation message decode: Once the signal has been acquired, the receiver then receives information about the configuration of the satellite constellation. This information is broadcast by each satellite and is modulated with the base signal at a low rate; for instance, GPS sends this information at about 50 bits per second. Calculation: The measurement data is combined with the data on the satellite constellation to determine the location of the receiver and the current time. A Device that uses a GNSS receiver is able to report measurements after the first stage of this process. A LIS can use the results of these measurements to determine a location. In the case where there are fewer results available than the optimal minimum, the LIS might be able to use other sources of measurement information and combine these with the available measurement data to determine a position. Thomson & Winterbottom Expires November 9, 2008 [Page 13] Internet-Draft Location Measurements for HELD May 2008 Note: The use of different sets of GNSS _assistance data_ can reduce the amount of time required for the signal acquisition stage and obviate the need for the receiver to extract data on the satellite constellation. Provision of assistance data is outside the scope of this document. Figure 9 shows an example of GNSS measurement data. The measurement shown is for the GPS system and includes measurement data for three satellites only. 499.9395 0.87595747 45 378.2657 0.56639479 52 -633.0309 0.57016835 48 Figure 9: Example GNSS Measurement Each "gnss" element represents a single set of GNSS measurement data, taken at a single point in time. Measurements taken at different times can be included in different "gnss" elements to enable iterative refinement of results. GNSS measurement parameters are described in more detail in the following sections. 4.6.1. GNSS System and Signal The GNSS measurement structure is designed to be generic and to apply to different GNSS types. Different signals within those systems are also accounted for and can be measured separately. Thomson & Winterbottom Expires November 9, 2008 [Page 14] Internet-Draft Location Measurements for HELD May 2008 The GNSS type determines the time system that is used. An indication of the type of system and signal can ensure that the LIS is able to correctly use measurements. Measurements for multiple GNSS types and signals can be included by repeating the "gnss" element. This document creates an IANA registry for GNSS types. Two satellite systems are registered by this document: GPS and Galileo. Details for the registry are included in Section 7.1. 4.6.2. Time Each set of GNSS measurements is taken at a specific point in time. The "time" attribute is used to indicate the time that the measurement was acquired, if the receiver knows how the time system used by the GNSS relates to UTC time. Alternative to (or in addition to) the measurement time, the "gnssTime" element MAY be included. The "gnssTime" element includes a relative time in milliseconds using the time system native to the satellite system. For the GPS satellite system, the "gnssTime" element includes the time of week in milliseconds. For the Galileo system, the "gnssTime" element includes the time of day in milliseconds. The "gnss" element includes an attribute, "coarsetime", that indicates whether or not the time was accurately recovered by the receiver. The default value of "false" indicates that the uncertainty of the time value provided (either in the measurement set or in the the "gnssTime" element) is accurate to an uncertainty of less than one millisecond. This parameter SHOULD be set to "true" if the receiver does not determine an accurate time before reporting measurement results. If the "coarse" attribute is set to "true", the actual time is derived from the other measurement data; typically this means that additional per-satellite measurements are required. 4.6.3. Per-Satellite Measurement Data Multiple satellites are included in each set of GNSS measurements using the "sat" element. Each satellite is identified by a number in the "num" attribute. The satellite number is consistent with the identifier used in the given GNSS. Both the GPS and Galileo systems use satellite numbers between 1 and 64. The GNSS receiver measures the following parameters for each Thomson & Winterbottom Expires November 9, 2008 [Page 15] Internet-Draft Location Measurements for HELD May 2008 satellite: doppler: The observed Doppler shift of the satellite signal, measured in metres per second. This is converted from a value in Hertz. codephase: The observed code phase for the satellite signal, measured in milliseconds. This is converted from a value in chips or wavelengths. Increasing values indicate increasing pseudoranges. This value includes an optional RMS error attribute, also measured in milliseconds. cn0: The signal to noise ratio for the satellite signal, measured in decibel-Hertz (dB-Hz). The expected range is between 20 and 50 dB-Hz. mp: An estimation of the amount of error that multipath signals contribute in metres. This parameter is optional. cq: An indication of the carrier quality. Two attributes are included: "continuous" may be either "true" or "false"; direct may be either "direct" or "inverted". This parameter is optional. adr: The accumulated Doppler range, measured in metres. This parameter is optional and is not necessary unless multiple sets of GNSS measurements are provided. All values are converted from measures native to the satellite system to generic measures to ensure consistency of interpretation. Unless necessary, the schema does not constrain these values. 4.7. DSL Measurements Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) networks rely on a range of network technology. DSL deployments regularly require cooperation between multiple organizations. These fall into two broad categories: infrastructure providers and Internet service providers (ISPs). Infrastructure providers manage the bulk of the physical infrastructure including cabling. End users obtain their service from an ISP, which manages all aspects visible to the end user including IP address allocation and operation of a LIS. See [DSL.TR025] and [DSL.TR101] for further information on DSL network deployments. Exchange of measurement information between these organizations is necessary for location information to be correctly generated. The ISP LIS needs to acquire location information from the infrastructure provider. However, the infrastructure provider has no knowledge of Thomson & Winterbottom Expires November 9, 2008 [Page 16] Internet-Draft Location Measurements for HELD May 2008 Device identifiers, it can only identify a stream of data that is sent to the ISP. This is resolved by passing measurement data relating to the Device to a LIS operated by the infrastructure provider. 4.7.1. L2TP Measurements Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) is a common means of linking the infrastructure provider and the ISP. The infrastructure provider LIS requires measurement data that identifies a single L2TP tunnel, from which it can generate location information. Figure 10 shows an example L2TP measurement. 192.0.2.10 192.0.2.61 528 Figure 10: Example DSL L2TP Measurement 4.7.2. RADIUS Measurements When authenticating network access, the infrastructure provider might employ a RADIUS [RFC2865] proxy at the DSL Access Module (DSLAM) or Access Node (AN). These messages provide the ISP RADIUS server with an identifier for the DSLAM or AN, plus the slot and port that the Device is attached on. These data can be provided as a measurement, which allows the infrastructure provider LIS to generate location information. The format of the AN, slot and port identifiers are not defined in the RADIUS protocol. Slot and port together identify a circuit on the AN, analogous to the circuit identifier in [RFC3046]. These items are provided directly, as they were in the RADIUS message. An example is shown in Figure 11. Thomson & Winterbottom Expires November 9, 2008 [Page 17] Internet-Draft Location Measurements for HELD May 2008 AN-7692 3 06 Figure 11: Example DSL RADIUS Measurement 4.7.3. Ethernet VLAN Tag Measurements For Ethernet-based DSL access networks, the DSL Access Module (DSLAM) or Access Node (AN) provide two VLAN tags on packets. A C-TAG is used to identify the incoming residential circuit, while the S-TAG is used to identify the DSLAM or AN. The C-TAG and S-TAG together can be used to identify a single point of network attachment. An example is shown in Figure 12. 613 1097 Figure 12: Example DSL VLAN Tag Measurement Alternatively, the C-TAG can be replaced by data on the slot and port that the Device is attached to. This information might be included in RADIUS requests that are proxied from the infrastructure provider to the ISP RADIUS server. 4.7.4. ATM Virtual Circuit Measurements An ATM virtual circuit can be employed between the ISP and infrastructure provider. Providing the virtual port ID (VPI) and virtual circuit ID (VCI) for the virtual circuit gives the infrastructure provider LIS the ability to identify a single data stream. A sample measurement is shown in Figure 13. Thomson & Winterbottom Expires November 9, 2008 [Page 18] Internet-Draft Location Measurements for HELD May 2008 55 6323 Figure 13: Example DSL ATM Measurement Thomson & Winterbottom Expires November 9, 2008 [Page 19] Internet-Draft Location Measurements for HELD May 2008 5. Measurement Schemas The schema are broken up into their relative functions. There is a base container schema into which all measurements are placed. There is a basic types schema, that contains various base type definitions for things such as the "rmsError" and "samples" attributes IPv4, IPv6 and MAC addresses. Then each of the specific measurement types is defined in its own schema. 5.1. Measurement Container Schema This schema defines a framework for location measurements. Thomson & Winterbottom Expires November 9, 2008 [Page 20] Internet-Draft Location Measurements for HELD May 2008 Measurement Containment Schema 5.2. Base Type Schema Note that the pattern rules in the following schema wrap due to length constraints. None of the patterns contain whitespace. This schema defines a set of base type elements. Thomson & Winterbottom Expires November 9, 2008 [Page 21] Internet-Draft Location Measurements for HELD May 2008 An IP version 6 address, based on RFC 4291. Thomson & Winterbottom Expires November 9, 2008 [Page 22] Internet-Draft Location Measurements for HELD May 2008 Base Type Schema 5.3. LLDP Measurement Schema Thomson & Winterbottom Expires November 9, 2008 [Page 23] Internet-Draft Location Measurements for HELD May 2008 This schema defines a set of LLDP location measurements. LLDP measurement schema Thomson & Winterbottom Expires November 9, 2008 [Page 24] Internet-Draft Location Measurements for HELD May 2008 5.4. DHCP Measurement Schema This schema defines a set of DHCP location measurements. Thomson & Winterbottom Expires November 9, 2008 [Page 25] Internet-Draft Location Measurements for HELD May 2008 DHCP measurement schema 5.5. WiFi Measurement Schema WiFi location measurements This schema defines a basic set of WiFi location measurements. WiFi measurement schema 5.6. Cellular Measurement Schema This schema defines a set of cellular location measurements. Cellular measurement schema 5.7. GNSS Measurement Schema This schema defines a set of GNSS location measurements Thomson & Winterbottom Expires November 9, 2008 [Page 29] Internet-Draft Location Measurements for HELD May 2008 Thomson & Winterbottom Expires November 9, 2008 [Page 30] Internet-Draft Location Measurements for HELD May 2008 GNSS measurement Schema 5.8. DSL Measurement Schema DSL measurement definitions This schema defines a basic set of DSL location measurements. Thomson & Winterbottom Expires November 9, 2008 [Page 31] Internet-Draft Location Measurements for HELD May 2008 Thomson & Winterbottom Expires November 9, 2008 [Page 32] Internet-Draft Location Measurements for HELD May 2008 DSL measurement schema Thomson & Winterbottom Expires November 9, 2008 [Page 33] Internet-Draft Location Measurements for HELD May 2008 6. Security Considerations Location-related measurement data are provided by the Device for the sole purpose of generating more accurate location information. The LIS SHOULD NOT retain location-related measurement data for any longer than is necessary to generate location information. A LIS MUST NOT reveal location-related measurement data to any other entity unless given explicit permission by the Device. This document does not include any means to indicate such permission. A Device is able to explicitly limit the time that a LIS stores measurement data by adding an expiry time to the measurement data, see Section 4.1.2. Thomson & Winterbottom Expires November 9, 2008 [Page 34] Internet-Draft Location Measurements for HELD May 2008 7. IANA Considerations This section creates a registry for GNSS types (Section 4.6) and registers the schema from Section 5. 7.1. IANA Registry for GNSS Types This document establishes a new IANA registry for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) types. The registry includes tokens for the GNSS type and for each of the signals within that type. Referring to [RFC2434], this registry operates under both "Expert Review" and "Specification Required" rules. The IESG will appoint an Expert Reviewer who will advise IANA promptly on each request for a new or updated GNSS type. Each entry in the registry requires the following information: GNSS name: the name and a brief description of the GNSS Brief description: the name and a brief description of the GNSS GNSS token: a token that can be used to identify the GNSS Signals: a set of tokens that represent each of the signals that the system provides Documentation reference: a reference to a stable, public specification that outlines usage of the GNSS, including (but not limited to) signal specifications and time systems; additionally assistance data formats and supporting protocols can be specified The registry initially includes two registrations: GNSS name: Global Positioning System (GPS) Brief description: a system of satellites that use spread-spectrum transmission, operated by the US military for commercial and military applications GNSS token: gps Signals: L1, L2, L1C, L2C, L5 Documentation reference: Navstar GPS Space Segment/Navigation User Interface [GPS.ICD] Thomson & Winterbottom Expires November 9, 2008 [Page 35] Internet-Draft Location Measurements for HELD May 2008 GNSS name: Galileo Brief description: a system of satellites that operate in the same spectrum as GPS, operated by the European Union for commercial applications GNSS Token: galileo Signals: L1, E5A, E5B, E5A+B, E6 Documentation Reference: Galileo Open Service Signal In Space Interface Control Document (SIS ICD) [Galileo.ICD] 7.2. URN Sub-Namespace Registration for urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:geopriv:lm This section registers a new XML namespace, "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:geopriv:lm", as per the guidelines in [RFC3688]. URI: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:geopriv:lm Registrant Contact: IETF, GEOPRIV working group, (geopriv@ietf.org), Martin Thomson (martin.thomson@andrew.com). XML: BEGIN Measurement Container

Namespace for Location Measurement Container

urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:geopriv:lm

[[NOTE TO IANA/RFC-EDITOR: Please update RFC URL and replace XXXX with the RFC number for this specification.]]

See RFCXXXX.

END Thomson & Winterbottom Expires November 9, 2008 [Page 36] Internet-Draft Location Measurements for HELD May 2008 7.3. URN Sub-Namespace Registration for urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:geopriv:lm:basetypes This section registers a new XML namespace, "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:geopriv:lm:basetypes", as per the guidelines in [RFC3688]. URI: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:geopriv:lm:basetypes Registrant Contact: IETF, GEOPRIV working group, (geopriv@ietf.org), Martin Thomson (martin.thomson@andrew.com). XML: BEGIN Base Device Types

Namespace for Base Types

urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:geopriv:lm:basetypes

[[NOTE TO IANA/RFC-EDITOR: Please update RFC URL and replace XXXX with the RFC number for this specification.]]

See RFCXXXX.

END 7.4. URN Sub-Namespace Registration for urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:geopriv:lm:lldp This section registers a new XML namespace, "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:geopriv:lm:lldp", as per the guidelines in [RFC3688]. URI: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:geopriv:lm:lldp Registrant Contact: IETF, GEOPRIV working group, (geopriv@ietf.org), Martin Thomson (martin.thomson@andrew.com). XML: Thomson & Winterbottom Expires November 9, 2008 [Page 37] Internet-Draft Location Measurements for HELD May 2008 BEGIN LLDP Measurement Set

Namespace for LLDP Measurement Set

urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:geopriv:lm:lldp

[[NOTE TO IANA/RFC-EDITOR: Please update RFC URL and replace XXXX with the RFC number for this specification.]]

See RFCXXXX.

END 7.5. URN Sub-Namespace Registration for urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:geopriv:lm:dhcp This section registers a new XML namespace, "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:geopriv:lm:dhcp", as per the guidelines in [RFC3688]. URI: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:geopriv:lm:dhcp Registrant Contact: IETF, GEOPRIV working group, (geopriv@ietf.org), Martin Thomson (martin.thomson@andrew.com). XML: BEGIN DHCP Measurement Set

Namespace for DHCP Measurement Set

urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:geopriv:lm:dhcp

[[NOTE TO IANA/RFC-EDITOR: Please update RFC URL and replace XXXX with the RFC number for this specification.]]

See RFCXXXX.

Thomson & Winterbottom Expires November 9, 2008 [Page 38] Internet-Draft Location Measurements for HELD May 2008 END 7.6. URN Sub-Namespace Registration for urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:geopriv:lm:wifi This section registers a new XML namespace, "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:geopriv:lm:wifi", as per the guidelines in [RFC3688]. URI: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:geopriv:lm:wifi Registrant Contact: IETF, GEOPRIV working group, (geopriv@ietf.org), Martin Thomson (martin.thomson@andrew.com). XML: BEGIN WiFi Measurement Set

Namespace for WiFi Measurement Set

urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:geopriv:lm:wifi

[[NOTE TO IANA/RFC-EDITOR: Please update RFC URL and replace XXXX with the RFC number for this specification.]]

See RFCXXXX.

END 7.7. URN Sub-Namespace Registration for urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:geopriv:lm:cell This section registers a new XML namespace, "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:geopriv:lm:cell", as per the guidelines in [RFC3688]. URI: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:geopriv:lm:cell Registrant Contact: IETF, GEOPRIV working group, (geopriv@ietf.org), Martin Thomson (martin.thomson@andrew.com). XML: Thomson & Winterbottom Expires November 9, 2008 [Page 39] Internet-Draft Location Measurements for HELD May 2008 BEGIN Cellular Measurement Set

Namespace for Cellular Measurement Set

urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:geopriv:lm:cell

[[NOTE TO IANA/RFC-EDITOR: Please update RFC URL and replace XXXX with the RFC number for this specification.]]

See RFCXXXX.

END 7.8. URN Sub-Namespace Registration for urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:geopriv:lm:gnss This section registers a new XML namespace, "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:geopriv:lm:gnss", as per the guidelines in [RFC3688]. URI: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:geopriv:lm:gnss Registrant Contact: IETF, GEOPRIV working group, (geopriv@ietf.org), Martin Thomson (martin.thomson@andrew.com). XML: BEGIN GNSS Measurement Set

Namespace for GNSS Measurement Set

urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:geopriv:lm:gnss

[[NOTE TO IANA/RFC-EDITOR: Please update RFC URL and replace XXXX with the RFC number for this specification.]]

See RFCXXXX.

Thomson & Winterbottom Expires November 9, 2008 [Page 40] Internet-Draft Location Measurements for HELD May 2008 END 7.9. URN Sub-Namespace Registration for urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:geopriv:lm:dsl This section registers a new XML namespace, "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:geopriv:lm:dsl", as per the guidelines in [RFC3688]. URI: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:geopriv:lm:dsl Registrant Contact: IETF, GEOPRIV working group, (geopriv@ietf.org), Martin Thomson (martin.thomson@andrew.com). XML: BEGIN DSL Measurement Set

Namespace for DSL Measurement Set

urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:geopriv:lm:dsl

[[NOTE TO IANA/RFC-EDITOR: Please update RFC URL and replace XXXX with the RFC number for this specification.]]

See RFCXXXX.

END 7.10. XML Schema Registration for Measurement Container Schema This section registers an XML schema as per the guidelines in [RFC3688]. URI: urn:ietf:params:xml:schema:lm Registrant Contact: IETF, GEOPRIV working group, (geopriv@ietf.org), Martin Thomson (martin.thomson@andrew.com). Schema: The XML for this schema can be found in Section 5.1 of this document. Thomson & Winterbottom Expires November 9, 2008 [Page 41] Internet-Draft Location Measurements for HELD May 2008 7.11. XML Schema Registration for Base Types Schema This section registers an XML schema as per the guidelines in [RFC3688]. URI: urn:ietf:params:xml:schema:lm:basetypes Registrant Contact: IETF, GEOPRIV working group, (geopriv@ietf.org), Martin Thomson (martin.thomson@andrew.com). Schema: The XML for this schema can be found in Section 5.2 of this document. 7.12. XML Schema Registration for LLDP Schema This section registers an XML schema as per the guidelines in [RFC3688]. URI: urn:ietf:params:xml:schema:lm:lldp Registrant Contact: IETF, GEOPRIV working group, (geopriv@ietf.org), Martin Thomson (martin.thomson@andrew.com). Schema: The XML for this schema can be found in Section 5.3 of this document. 7.13. XML Schema Registration for DHCP Schema This section registers an XML schema as per the guidelines in [RFC3688]. URI: urn:ietf:params:xml:schema:lm:dhcp Registrant Contact: IETF, GEOPRIV working group, (geopriv@ietf.org), Martin Thomson (martin.thomson@andrew.com). Schema: The XML for this schema can be found in Section 5.4 of this document. 7.14. XML Schema Registration for WiFi Schema This section registers an XML schema as per the guidelines in [RFC3688]. URI: urn:ietf:params:xml:schema:lm:wifi Thomson & Winterbottom Expires November 9, 2008 [Page 42] Internet-Draft Location Measurements for HELD May 2008 Registrant Contact: IETF, GEOPRIV working group, (geopriv@ietf.org), Martin Thomson (martin.thomson@andrew.com). Schema: The XML for this schema can be found in Section 5.5 of this document. 7.15. XML Schema Registration for Cellular Schema This section registers an XML schema as per the guidelines in [RFC3688]. URI: urn:ietf:params:xml:schema:lm:cellular Registrant Contact: IETF, GEOPRIV working group, (geopriv@ietf.org), Martin Thomson (martin.thomson@andrew.com). Schema: The XML for this schema can be found in Section 5.6 of this document. 7.16. XML Schema Registration for GNSS Schema This section registers an XML schema as per the guidelines in [RFC3688]. URI: urn:ietf:params:xml:schema:lm:gnss Registrant Contact: IETF, GEOPRIV working group, (geopriv@ietf.org), Martin Thomson (martin.thomson@andrew.com). Schema: The XML for this schema can be found in Section 5.7 of this document. 7.17. XML Schema Registration for DSL Schema This section registers an XML schema as per the guidelines in [RFC3688]. URI: urn:ietf:params:xml:schema:lm:dsl Registrant Contact: IETF, GEOPRIV working group, (geopriv@ietf.org), Martin Thomson (martin.thomson@andrew.com). Schema: The XML for this schema can be found in Section 5.8 of this document. Thomson & Winterbottom Expires November 9, 2008 [Page 43] Internet-Draft Location Measurements for HELD May 2008 8. Acknowledgements Thanks go to Simon Cox for his comments relating to terminology that have helped ensure that this document is aligns with ongoing work in the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC). Thanks to Dr Neil Harper for his review and comments on the GNSS sections of this document. Thanks to Noor-E-Gagan Singh for his suggestions relating to the WiFi section of this document. Thomson & Winterbottom Expires November 9, 2008 [Page 44] Internet-Draft Location Measurements for HELD May 2008 9. References 9.1. Normative References [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. [RFC2434] Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for Writing an IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26, RFC 2434, October 1998. [I-D.ietf-geopriv-http-location-delivery] Barnes, M., Winterbottom, J., Thomson, M., and B. Stark, "HTTP Enabled Location Delivery (HELD)", draft-ietf-geopriv-http-location-delivery-07 (work in progress), April 2008. 9.2. Informative References [RFC3693] Cuellar, J., Morris, J., Mulligan, D., Peterson, J., and J. Polk, "Geopriv Requirements", RFC 3693, February 2004. [RFC3046] Patrick, M., "DHCP Relay Agent Information Option", RFC 3046, January 2001. [RFC4649] Volz, B., "Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6 (DHCPv6) Relay Agent Remote-ID Option", RFC 4649, August 2006. [IANA.enterprise] IANA, "Private Enterprise Numbers", . [RFC3993] Johnson, R., Palaniappan, T., and M. Stapp, "Subscriber-ID Suboption for the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Relay Agent Option", RFC 3993, March 2005. [RFC4580] Volz, B., "Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6 (DHCPv6) Relay Agent Subscriber-ID Option", RFC 4580, June 2006. [RFC3688] Mealling, M., "The IETF XML Registry", BCP 81, RFC 3688, January 2004. [IEEE.8021AB] IEEE, "IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan area networks, Station and Media Access Control Connectivity Discovery", 802.1AB, June 2005. Thomson & Winterbottom Expires November 9, 2008 [Page 45] Internet-Draft Location Measurements for HELD May 2008 [GPS.ICD] "Navstar GPS Space Segment/Navigation User Interface", ICD GPS-200, Apr 2000. [Galileo.ICD] GJU, "Galileo Open Service Signal In Space Interface Control Document (SIS ICD)", May 2006. [I-D.winterbottom-geopriv-lis2lis-req] Winterbottom, J. and S. Norreys, "LIS to LIS Protocol Requirements", draft-winterbottom-geopriv-lis2lis-req-01 (work in progress), November 2007. [DSL.TR025] Wang, R., "Core Network Architecture Recommendations for Access to Legacy Data Networks over ADSL", September 1999. [DSL.TR101] Cohen, A. and E. Shrum, "Migration to Ethernet-Based DSl Aggregation", April 2006. [RFC2865] Rigney, C., Willens, S., Rubens, A., and W. Simpson, "Remote Authentication Dial In User Service (RADIUS)", RFC 2865, June 2000. Thomson & Winterbottom Expires November 9, 2008 [Page 46] Internet-Draft Location Measurements for HELD May 2008 Authors' Addresses Martin Thomson Andrew PO Box U40 Wollongong University Campus, NSW 2500 AU Phone: +61 2 4221 2915 Email: martin.thomson@andrew.com URI: http://www.andrew.com/ James Winterbottom Andrew PO Box U40 Wollongong University Campus, NSW 2500 AU Phone: +61 2 4221 2938 Email: james.winterbottom@andrew.com URI: http://www.andrew.com/ Thomson & Winterbottom Expires November 9, 2008 [Page 47] Internet-Draft Location Measurements for HELD May 2008 Full Copyright Statement Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2008). This document is subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions contained in BCP 78, and except as set forth therein, the authors retain all their rights. This document and the information contained herein are provided on an "AS IS" basis and THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE INTERNET SOCIETY, THE IETF TRUST AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Intellectual Property The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any Intellectual Property Rights or other rights that might be claimed to pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in this document or the extent to which any license under such rights might or might not be available; nor does it represent that it has made any independent effort to identify any such rights. Information on the procedures with respect to rights in RFC documents can be found in BCP 78 and BCP 79. Copies of IPR disclosures made to the IETF Secretariat and any assurances of licenses to be made available, or the result of an attempt made to obtain a general license or permission for the use of such proprietary rights by implementers or users of this specification can be obtained from the IETF on-line IPR repository at http://www.ietf.org/ipr. The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary rights that may cover technology that may be required to implement this standard. Please address the information to the IETF at ietf-ipr@ietf.org. Thomson & Winterbottom Expires November 9, 2008 [Page 48]