Network Working Group F. Templin, Ed. Internet-Draft Boeing Research & Technology Intended status: Informational January 05, 2016 Expires: July 8, 2016 AERO Minimal Encapsulation draft-templin-aeromin-02.txt Abstract Asymmetric Extended Route Optimization (AERO) specifies both a control messaging and data packet forwarding facility for managing tunnels over an enterprise network or other Internetwork. Although AERO can operate with any tunnel encapsulation format, the base document considers Generic UDP Encapsulation (GUE) as the default. This document presents minimal encapsulation formats for AERO using other encapsulation types. Status of This Memo This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet- Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." This Internet-Draft will expire on July 8, 2016. Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2016 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of Templin Expires July 8, 2016 [Page 1] Internet-Draft AERO Minimal Encapsulation January 2016 the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License. Table of Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2. Minimal AERO Encapsulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3. When to Insert an Encapsulation Fragment Header . . . . . . . 4 4. Considerations for Using Minimal Encapsulation . . . . . . . 4 5. AERO Operation Over Native Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 6. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 7. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 8. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 9. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 9.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 9.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1. Introduction Asymmetric Extended Route Optimization (AERO) [I-D.templin-aerolink] specifies both a control messaging and data packet forwarding facility for forwarding Internet Protocol (IP) packets [RFC0791] [RFC2460] over an enterprise network or other Internetwork through a process known as tunneling. Although AERO can operate with any tunnel encapsulation format, the base document specifies the insertion of a User Datagram Protocol (UDP) header [RFC0768] between the inner and outer IP headers per the Generic UDP Encapsulation (GUE) [I-D.ietf-nvo3-gue] specification. This document presents minimal encapsulation formats for AERO using other encapsulation types. AERO can use common minimal encapsulations such as IP-in-IP [RFC2003][RFC2473][RFC4213], Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) [RFC2784][RFC2890] and others. The encapsulation is therefore only differentiated from non-AERO tunnels through the application of AERO control messaging. Regardless of the encapsulation type, AERO requires an encapsulation layer fragment header that serves the same purpose as for GUE fragmentation [I-D.herbert-gue-fragmentation] . For simple IP-in-IP encapsulation, an IPv6 fragment header is inserted directly between the inner and outer IP headers when needed, i.e., even if the outer header is IPv4. The IPv6 Fragment Header is identified to the outer IP layer by its IP protocol number, and the Next Header field in the IPv6 Fragment Header identifies the inner IP header version. For GRE encapsulation, a GRE fragmentation header is inserted within the GRE header as specified in [I-D.templin-intarea-grefrag]. Other tunnel Templin Expires July 8, 2016 [Page 2] Internet-Draft AERO Minimal Encapsulation January 2016 types similarly require an encapsulation layer fragment header in order to properly support AERO. 2. Minimal AERO Encapsulation Figure 1 shows the AERO IP-in-IP minimal encapsulation format before any fragmentation is applied: +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Outer IPv4 Header | | Outer IPv6 Header | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |IPv6 Fragment Header (optional)| |IPv6 Fragment Header (optional)| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Inner IP Header | | Inner IP Header | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | | | ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Inner Packet Body ~ ~ Inner Packet Body ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ | | | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Minimal Encapsulation in IPv4 Minimal Encapsulation in IPv6 Figure 1: Minimal Encapsulation Format using IP-in-IP GRE encapsulation can be used instead of simple IP-in-IP encapsulation when GRE facilities such as keys and checksums are desired. In that case, AERO can include a GRE fragmentation header in the encapsulation [I-D.templin-intarea-grefrag] as shown in Figure 2: Templin Expires July 8, 2016 [Page 3] Internet-Draft AERO Minimal Encapsulation January 2016 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Outer IP Header | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | GRE Header | | (with checksum, key, etc..) | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | GRE Fragment Header (optional)| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Inner IP Header | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | ~ ~ ~ Inner Packet Body ~ ~ ~ | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Minimal Encapsulation Using GRE Figure 2: Minimal Encapsulation Using GRE 3. When to Insert an Encapsulation Fragment Header An encapsulation fragment header is inserted whenever the AERO tunnel ingress needs to apply fragmentation to accommodate packets that must be delivered without loss due to a size restriction. Fragmentation is performed on the inner packet while encapsulating each inner packet fragment in identical outer IP and any additional encapsulation headers. Fragmentation follows the same procedure as for standard IPv6 fragmentation. The fragment header can also be inserted in order to include a coherent Identification value with each packet, e.g., to aid in Duplicate Packet Detection (DPD). In this way, networking devices can cache the Identification values of recently-seen packets and use the cached values to determine whether a newly-arrived packet is in fact a duplicate. Finally, the Identification value within each packet could provide a rough indicator of packet reordering, e.g., in cases when the tunnel egress wishes to discard packets that are grossly out of order. 4. Considerations for Using Minimal Encapsulation Minimal encapsulation is preferred in environments where GUE encapsulation would add unnecessary overhead. For example, certain low-bandwidth wireless data links may benefit from a reduced Templin Expires July 8, 2016 [Page 4] Internet-Draft AERO Minimal Encapsulation January 2016 encapsulation overhead. This is not likely to be a prime consideration for many modern wireless data links nor for most modern wired-line data links. GUE encapsulation can traverse network paths that are inaccessible to minimal encapsulation, e.g., for crossing Network Address Translators (NATs). More and more, network middleboxes are also being configured to discard packets that include anything other than a well-known IP protocol such as UDP and TCP. It may therefore be necessary to consider the potential for middlebox filtering before enabling minimal encapsulation in a given environment. 5. AERO Operation Over Native Links AERO can also operate over native links using no encapsulation at all. In that case, AERO Clients can identify AERO Servers on the link through their link-layer MAC addresses, and the AERO DHCPv6-PD, mobility management and route optimization facilities operate on the native link the same as over an NBMA tunnel overlay. Furthermore, AERO Clients can manage associations with multiple Servers for fault tolerance purposes. 6. IANA Considerations This document introduces no IANA considerations. 7. Security Considerations Security considerations are discussed in the base AERO specification [I-D.templin-aerolink]. 8. Acknowledgements TBD 9. References 9.1. Normative References [RFC0768] Postel, J., "User Datagram Protocol", STD 6, RFC 768, DOI 10.17487/RFC0768, August 1980, . [RFC0791] Postel, J., "Internet Protocol", STD 5, RFC 791, DOI 10.17487/RFC0791, September 1981, . Templin Expires July 8, 2016 [Page 5] Internet-Draft AERO Minimal Encapsulation January 2016 [RFC2003] Perkins, C., "IP Encapsulation within IP", RFC 2003, DOI 10.17487/RFC2003, October 1996, . [RFC2460] Deering, S. and R. Hinden, "Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) Specification", RFC 2460, DOI 10.17487/RFC2460, December 1998, . [RFC2473] Conta, A. and S. Deering, "Generic Packet Tunneling in IPv6 Specification", RFC 2473, DOI 10.17487/RFC2473, December 1998, . [RFC2784] Farinacci, D., Li, T., Hanks, S., Meyer, D., and P. Traina, "Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE)", RFC 2784, DOI 10.17487/RFC2784, March 2000, . [RFC2890] Dommety, G., "Key and Sequence Number Extensions to GRE", RFC 2890, DOI 10.17487/RFC2890, September 2000, . [RFC4213] Nordmark, E. and R. Gilligan, "Basic Transition Mechanisms for IPv6 Hosts and Routers", RFC 4213, DOI 10.17487/RFC4213, October 2005, . 9.2. Informative References [I-D.herbert-gue-fragmentation] Herbert, T. and F. Templin, "Fragmentation option for Generic UDP Encapsulation", draft-herbert-gue- fragmentation-02 (work in progress), October 2015. [I-D.ietf-nvo3-gue] Herbert, T., Yong, L., and O. Zia, "Generic UDP Encapsulation", draft-ietf-nvo3-gue-02 (work in progress), December 2015. [I-D.templin-aerolink] Templin, F., "Asymmetric Extended Route Optimization (AERO)", draft-templin-aerolink-63 (work in progress), August 2015. [I-D.templin-intarea-grefrag] Templin, F., "GRE Tunnel Fragmentation", draft-templin- intarea-grefrag-01 (work in progress), August 2015. Templin Expires July 8, 2016 [Page 6] Internet-Draft AERO Minimal Encapsulation January 2016 Author's Address Fred L. Templin (editor) Boeing Research & Technology P.O. Box 3707 Seattle, WA 98124 USA Email: fltemplin@acm.org Templin Expires July 8, 2016 [Page 7]