Network Working Group J. Schaad Internet-Draft Soaring Hawk Consulting Intended status: Experimental November 22, 2010 Expires: May 26, 2011 Experiment: Hash functions with parameters in CMS and S/MIME draft-schaad-smime-hash-experiment-02 Abstract New hash algorithms are being developed and these algorithms may include parameters. CMS has not currently defined any hash algorithms with parameters, but anecdotic evidence suggests that defining one could cause major problems. In this document we define just such an algorithm and describe how to use it so that we can run experiments to find out how bad including hash parameters will be. Status of this Memo This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet- Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." This Internet-Draft will expire on May 26, 2011. Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2010 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as Schaad Expires May 26, 2011 [Page 1] Internet-Draft CMS Paramertized Hash November 2010 described in the Simplified BSD License. Schaad Expires May 26, 2011 [Page 2] Internet-Draft CMS Paramertized Hash November 2010 1. Introduction At the present time, all hash algorithms that are used in Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS) implementations are defined as having no parameters. Anecdotal evidence suggests that if a hash algorithm is defined that does require the presence of parameters there may be extensive problems. This document presents the details needed to run an experiment so that we can find out just how bad the situation really is and, if we need to, either make drastic changes in implementations or make sure that any hash algorithms chosen do not have parameters. In CMS data structures, hash algorithms currently exist in the following locations: o SignerInfo.digestAlgorithm -- holds the digest algorithm actually used to compute the hash value over the content. o DigestedData.digestAlgorithm -- holds the digest algorithm actually used to compute the hash value over the content o AuthenticatedData.digestAlgorithm -- holds the digest algorithm actually used to compute the hash value over the content o SignedData.digestAlgorithms -- an optional location to place information about the set of digest algorithms used in computing the hash value over the content. o multipart/signed micalg - Holds a textual indicator of the hash algorithm for multipart signed MIME messages. The first three locations hold the identification of a single hash, and would hold the parameters for that hash. These fields are mandatory to be filled in. The ASN.1 defined for the types DigestedData and AthenticatedData are defined by placing the digest algorithm before the encapsulated data. This means that the hash algorithm (including the parameters) is fully defined before the hash function would start hashing the encapsulated data. In the ASN.1 defined for the SignedData type, the value of SignerInfo.digestedAlgorithm is not seen until the content has been processed. This is the reason for the existence of the SignedData.digestAlgorithms field, so that the set of all digest algorithms used can be seen prior to the content being processed. It is not currently mandatory to fill in this field, and the signature validation process is supposed to succeed even if this field is Schaad Expires May 26, 2011 [Page 3] Internet-Draft CMS Paramertized Hash November 2010 absent. For the case of detached content, the ASN.1 structures need to be processed before processing the detached content in order to obtain the parameters of the hash function. The MIME multipart/signature content type attempts to avoid this problem by defining a micalg field which contains the set of hash algorithms (with parameters) so that the hash functions can be setup prior to processing the content. When processing multipart/signed messages two paths exists: 1. Process the message content before the ASN.1. The steps involved are: * Get a set of hash functions by looking at the micalg parameter and potentially add a set of generic algorithms * Create a hasher for each of those algorithms * Hash the message content (the first part of the multipart) * Process the ASN.1 and have a potential failure point if a hash algorithm is required which was not computed. 2. Process the message content after the ASN.1. The steps involved are: * Save the message content for later processing * Parse the ASN.1 and build a list of hash functions based on it's content * Create a hasher for each of those algorithms * Hash the saved message content * Perform the signature validation. The first path allows for single pass processing, but has the potential that a fallback path needs to be added in some cases. The second path does not need a fallback path, but does not allow for single pass processing. The fallback path above may also be needed for the encapsulated content case. Since it is optional to place hash algorithms in the SignedData.digestAlgorithms field, the content will be completely parsed before the set of hash algorithms used in the SignerInfos is determined. It may be that we need to require population of the Schaad Expires May 26, 2011 [Page 4] Internet-Draft CMS Paramertized Hash November 2010 SignedData.digestAlgorithms field if we adopt a parameterized hash field. In this document a new hash function is created that is based on the XOR operator and on MD5. MD5 was deliberately used as the basis of this digest algorithm since it is known to be insecure and I do not want to make any statements that the hash algorithm designed here is in any way secure. This hash function MUST NOT be released as shipping code, it is designed only for use in experimentation. Schaad Expires May 26, 2011 [Page 5] Internet-Draft CMS Paramertized Hash November 2010 2. XOR-MD5 Digest Algorithm The XOR-MD5 digest algorithm has been designed to use two existing operators, XOR and the MD5 hash algorithm [MD5]. The hash algorithm works as follows: 1. A random XOR string consisting of exactly 64 bytes is created. 2. The input content is broken up into 64 byte blocks. The last block may be less that 64 bytes. 3. Each block is XOR-ed with the random string. The last block uses the same number of bits from the random string as it contains. 4. The resulting string is run through the MD5 hash function. The length of the XOR string was designed to match the barrel size of the MD5 hash function. Schaad Expires May 26, 2011 [Page 6] Internet-Draft CMS Paramertized Hash November 2010 3. ASN.1 Encoding The following ASN.1 is used to define the algorithm: mda-xor-md5 DIGEST-ALGORITHM ::= { IDENTIFIER { id-alg-MD5-XOR-EXPERIMENT } PARAMS OCTET STRING (64) ARE required } id-alg-MD5-XOR-EXPERIMENT ::= { id-alg 13 } The octet string holds the value of the random XOR string. Schaad Expires May 26, 2011 [Page 7] Internet-Draft CMS Paramertized Hash November 2010 4. CMS ASN.1 Handling The algorithm is added to the DigestAlgorithmSet in . When this algorithm is used in a signed message, it is REQUIRED that the algorithm be placed in the SignedData.digestAlgorithms sequence. The algorithm MUST appear in the sequence at least once for each unique set of parameters. The algorithm SHOULD NOT appear multiple times with the same set of parameters. Schaad Expires May 26, 2011 [Page 8] Internet-Draft CMS Paramertized Hash November 2010 5. MIME handling This section defines the string that appears in the micalg parameter. The algorithm is identified by the string xor-md5. The parameters for the algorithm are the hex encoded DER ASN.1 encoding. The parameters and the identifier string are separated by a colon. Arbitrary amounts of white space may be inserted between any two characters in the hex encoded string. An example content-type string would be: Content-Type: multipart/signed; protocol="application/pkcs7-signature"; micalg=sha1, xor-md5:04400102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f00111213141 5161718191a1b1c1d1e1f102122232425262728292a2b2c2d2e2f2031323334353 63738393a3b3c3d3e3f30; boundary=boundar42 Arguments could be made that the string should be base64 encoded rather than hex encoding the string. The advantage is that the resulting encoding is shorter. This could be significant if there are a substantial number of parameters and of a substantial size. Even with the above example we needed to break the encoding across multiple lines. The downside would be the requirement that the micalg parameter always be quoted. It may be reasonable to require that whitespace be inserted only on encoding boundaries, but it seems to be overly restrictive. Schaad Expires May 26, 2011 [Page 9] Internet-Draft CMS Paramertized Hash November 2010 6. Security Considerations The algorithm XOR-MD5 is not designed for general purpose use. The hash algorithm included here is designed for running this experiment and nothing more. This document makes no representation that XOR-MD5 is a secure digest algorithm. I believe that the algorithm is no more secure than MD5, and I consider MD5 to be a broken hash algorithm for many purposes. One known issue with the algorithm as present is the fact that the xor pattern is always 64 bytes long, even if the data is shorter. This means that there is a section of the data than can be manipulated without changing the hash. In a real algorithm this should either be truncated or forced to a known value. Schaad Expires May 26, 2011 [Page 10] Internet-Draft CMS Paramertized Hash November 2010 7. References 7.1. Normative References [MD5] Rivest, R., "The MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm", RFC 1321, April 1992. [CMS] Housley, R., "Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS)", RFC 5652, September 2009. 7.2. Informational References [SMIME-EXAMPLES] Hoffman, P., "Examples of S/MIME Messages", RFC 4134, July 2005. [RFC5911] Hoffman, P. and J. Schaad, "New ASN.1 Modules for Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS) and S/MIME", RFC 5911, June 2010. [RFC5912] Hoffman, P. and J. Schaad, "New ASN.1 Modules for the Public Key Infrastructure Using X.509 (PKIX)", RFC 5912, June 2010. Schaad Expires May 26, 2011 [Page 11] Internet-Draft CMS Paramertized Hash November 2010 Appendix A. Examples Provided here are a set of examples that are provided for testing. The content used is the same as that found in Section 2.1 of [SMIME-EXAMPLES]. The certificates and key pairs found in [SMIME-EXAMPLES] are also used here. The perl script in Appendix A of [SMIME-EXAMPLES] can be used to extract the binary examples from this file. The mime examples can be extracted with a standard text editor. Note: The examples presented here have not been independently verified. I was unable to use the Microsoft APIs because of the new cryptogrphic hash algorithm. However, for the purposes of this experiment I believe that the form of the messages, which can be verified visually as correct, is more important than the question of the message acutally validating. NOTE FOR RFC EDITOR: The | character needs to be in column #1 in order for the extraction script to work. I would suggest that all of the examples below (inside of the artwork) start in column #1. Appendix A.1. Encapsulated Signed Data Example This section contains a detached signed data example. The content was hashed with the md5-xor algorithm defined in this document. The signature is performed using RSA with MD5. The signature is wrapped as an embedded signed mime message. MIME-Version: 1.0 To: BobRSA@examples.com From: AliceDss@examples.com Subject: MD5-XOR example message Message-Id: <34567809323489fd.esc@examples.com> Date: Wed, 16 Dec 2010 23:13:00 -0500 Content-Type: application/pkcs7-mime; smime-type=signed-data; name=smime.p7m; micalg=xor-md5: 0440010203405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f10 111213415161718191a1b1c1d1e1f20212223425262728292a2b2c2d2e2f30 313233435363738393a3b3c3d3e3f40 Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=smime.p7m MIIEqAYJKoZIhvcNAQcCoIIEmTCCBJUCAQExUTBPBgsqhkiG9w0BCRADDQRAAQIDBAUGBw gJCgsMDQ4PEBESEwQVFhcYGRobHB0eHyAhIiMEJSYnKCkqKywtLi8wMTIzBDU2Nzg5Ojs8 PT4/QDArBgkqhkiG9w0BBwGgHgQcVGhpcyBpcyBzb21lIHNhbXBsZSBjb250ZW50LqCCAi swggInMIIBkKADAgECAhBGNGvHgABWvBHTbi7NXXHQMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBQUAMBIxEDAO BgNVBAMTB0NhcmxSU0EwHhcNOTkwOTE5MDEwOTAyWhcNMzkxMjMxMjM1OTU5WjARMQ8wDQ Schaad Expires May 26, 2011 [Page 12] Internet-Draft CMS Paramertized Hash November 2010 YDVQQDEwZCb2JSU0EwgZ8wDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADgY0AMIGJAoGBAKnhZ5g/OdVf8qCT QV6meYmFyDVdmpFb+x0B2hlwJhcPvaUi0DWFbXqYZhRBXM+3twg7CcmRuBlpN235ZR572a kzJKN/O7uvRgGGNjQyywcDWVL8hYsxBLjMGAgUSOZPHPtdYMTgXB9T039T2GkB8QX4enDR voPGXzjPHCyqaqfrAgMBAAGjfzB9MAwGA1UdEwEB/wQCMAAwDgYDVR0PAQH/BAQDAgUgMB 8GA1UdIwQYMBaAFOngkCeseCB6mtNM8kI3TiKunji7MB0GA1UdDgQWBBTo9Lhn2LOWpCrz Eaop05Vahha0JDAdBgNVHREEFjAUgRJCb2JSU0FAZXhhbXBsZS5jb20wDQYJKoZIhvcNAQ EFBQADgYEAe45mxfEQPxAgTIhxq3tAayEz+kqV3p0OW2uUIQXA8uF+Ks2ck4iH+4u3fn1B YeHk1m354gRVYUW8ZCdEwKG9WXnZHWQ8IdZFsF1oM5LqrPFX5YF9mOY1kaM53nf06Bw7Kd x/UQeX8zbwUArdm962XjgRK/tX6oltrcmI2I/PK9MxggHfMIIB2wIBATAmMBIxEDAOBgNV BAMTB0NhcmxSU0ECEEY0a8eAAFa8EdNuLs1dcdAwTwYLKoZIhvcNAQkQAw0EQAECAwQFBg cICQoLDA0ODxAREhMEFRYXGBkaGxwdHh8gISIjBCUmJygpKissLS4vMDEyMwQ1Njc4OTo7 PD0+P0CggcowGAYJKoZIhvcNAQkDMQsGCSqGSIb3DQEHATAcBgkqhkiG9w0BCQUxDxcNMD kxMjEwMjMyNTAwWjAfBgkqhkiG9w0BCQQxEgQQlmmuYRtXnoPqECtrSd3A+TBvBgkqhkiG 9w0BCTQxYjBgME8GCyqGSIb3DQEJEAMNBEABAgMEBQYHCAkKCwwNDg8QERITBBUWFxgZGh scHR4fICEiIwQlJicoKSorLC0uLzAxMjMENTY3ODk6Ozw9Pj9AoQ0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBAUA MA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBAUABIGAClMpfG4IL1yAdRxWdvYKbtuFz1XKnFqo9ui7V5PndjlDut yib02knY7UtGNhg6oVEkiZHxYh/iLuoLOHSFA1P4ZacTYrEKChF4K18dsqvlFip1vn8BG/ ysFUDfbx5VcTG2Md0/NHV+qj5ihqM+Pye6Urp+5jbqVgpZOXSLfP+pI= |>sd.bin |MIIEqAYJKoZIhvcNAQcCoIIEmTCCBJUCAQExUTBPBgsqhkiG9w0BCRADDQRAAQIDBAUGBw |gJCgsMDQ4PEBESEwQVFhcYGRobHB0eHyAhIiMEJSYnKCkqKywtLi8wMTIzBDU2Nzg5Ojs8 |PT4/QDArBgkqhkiG9w0BBwGgHgQcVGhpcyBpcyBzb21lIHNhbXBsZSBjb250ZW50LqCCAi |swggInMIIBkKADAgECAhBGNGvHgABWvBHTbi7NXXHQMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBQUAMBIxEDAO |BgNVBAMTB0NhcmxSU0EwHhcNOTkwOTE5MDEwOTAyWhcNMzkxMjMxMjM1OTU5WjARMQ8wDQ |YDVQQDEwZCb2JSU0EwgZ8wDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADgY0AMIGJAoGBAKnhZ5g/OdVf8qCT |QV6meYmFyDVdmpFb+x0B2hlwJhcPvaUi0DWFbXqYZhRBXM+3twg7CcmRuBlpN235ZR572a |kzJKN/O7uvRgGGNjQyywcDWVL8hYsxBLjMGAgUSOZPHPtdYMTgXB9T039T2GkB8QX4enDR |voPGXzjPHCyqaqfrAgMBAAGjfzB9MAwGA1UdEwEB/wQCMAAwDgYDVR0PAQH/BAQDAgUgMB |8GA1UdIwQYMBaAFOngkCeseCB6mtNM8kI3TiKunji7MB0GA1UdDgQWBBTo9Lhn2LOWpCrz |Eaop05Vahha0JDAdBgNVHREEFjAUgRJCb2JSU0FAZXhhbXBsZS5jb20wDQYJKoZIhvcNAQ |EFBQADgYEAe45mxfEQPxAgTIhxq3tAayEz+kqV3p0OW2uUIQXA8uF+Ks2ck4iH+4u3fn1B |YeHk1m354gRVYUW8ZCdEwKG9WXnZHWQ8IdZFsF1oM5LqrPFX5YF9mOY1kaM53nf06Bw7Kd |x/UQeX8zbwUArdm962XjgRK/tX6oltrcmI2I/PK9MxggHfMIIB2wIBATAmMBIxEDAOBgNV |BAMTB0NhcmxSU0ECEEY0a8eAAFa8EdNuLs1dcdAwTwYLKoZIhvcNAQkQAw0EQAECAwQFBg |cICQoLDA0ODxAREhMEFRYXGBkaGxwdHh8gISIjBCUmJygpKissLS4vMDEyMwQ1Njc4OTo7 |PD0+P0CggcowGAYJKoZIhvcNAQkDMQsGCSqGSIb3DQEHATAcBgkqhkiG9w0BCQUxDxcNMD |kxMjEwMjMyNTAwWjAfBgkqhkiG9w0BCQQxEgQQlmmuYRtXnoPqECtrSd3A+TBvBgkqhkiG |9w0BCTQxYjBgME8GCyqGSIb3DQEJEAMNBEABAgMEBQYHCAkKCwwNDg8QERITBBUWFxgZGh |scHR4fICEiIwQlJicoKSorLC0uLzAxMjMENTY3ODk6Ozw9Pj9AoQ0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBAUA |MA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBAUABIGAClMpfG4IL1yAdRxWdvYKbtuFz1XKnFqo9ui7V5PndjlDut |yib02knY7UtGNhg6oVEkiZHxYh/iLuoLOHSFA1P4ZacTYrEKChF4K18dsqvlFip1vn8BG/ |ysFUDfbx5VcTG2Md0/NHV+qj5ihqM+Pye6Urp+5jbqVgpZOXSLfP+pI= | Date: Fri, 18 Dec 2010 00:25:21 -0300 Content-Type: multipart/signed; micalg=xor-md5: 0440010203405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f10 111213415161718191a1b1c1d1e1f20212223425262728292a2b2c2d2e2f30 313233435363738393a3b3c3d3e3f40 boundary="----=_NextBoundry____Fri,_18_Dec_2009_00:25:21"; protocol="application/pkcs7-signature" This is a multi-part message in MIME format. ------=_NextBoundry____Fri,_18_Dec_2009_00:25:21 This is some sample content. ------=_NextBoundry____Fri,_18_Dec_2009_00:25:21 Content-Type: application/pkcs7-signature; name=smime.p7s Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=smime.p7s MIIEiAYJKoZIhvcNAQcCoIIEeTCCBHUCAQExUTBPBgsqhkiG9w0BCRADDQRAAQIDBAUGBw gJCgsMDQ4PEBESEwQVFhcYGRobHB0eHyAhIiMEJSYnKCkqKywtLi8wMTIzBDU2Nzg5Ojs8 PT4/QDALBgkqhkiG9w0BBwGgggIrMIICJzCCAZCgAwIBAgIQRjRrx4AAVrwR024uzV1x0D ANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFADASMRAwDgYDVQQDEwdDYXJsUlNBMB4XDTk5MDkxOTAxMDkwMloX DTM5MTIzMTIzNTk1OVowETEPMA0GA1UEAxMGQm9iUlNBMIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4 GNADCBiQKBgQCp4WeYPznVX/Kgk0FepnmJhcg1XZqRW/sdAdoZcCYXD72lItA1hW16mGYU QVzPt7cIOwnJkbgZaTdt+WUee9mpMySjfzu7r0YBhjY0MssHA1lS/IWLMQS4zBgIFEjmTx z7XWDE4FwfU9N/U9hpAfEF+Hpw0b6Dxl84zxwsqmqn6wIDAQABo38wfTAMBgNVHRMBAf8E AjAAMA4GA1UdDwEB/wQEAwIFIDAfBgNVHSMEGDAWgBTp4JAnrHggeprTTPJCN04irp44uz AdBgNVHQ4EFgQU6PS4Z9izlqQq8xGqKdOVWoYWtCQwHQYDVR0RBBYwFIESQm9iUlNBQGV4 YW1wbGUuY29tMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBQUAA4GBAHuOZsXxED8QIEyIcat7QGshM/pKld6dDl trlCEFwPLhfirNnJOIh/uLt359QWHh5NZt+eIEVWFFvGQnRMChvVl52R1kPCHWRbBdaDOS 6qzxV+WBfZjmNZGjOd539OgcOyncf1EHl/M28FAK3Zvetl44ESv7V+qJba3JiNiPzyvTMY IB3zCCAdsCAQEwJjASMRAwDgYDVQQDEwdDYXJsUlNBAhBGNGvHgABWvBHTbi7NXXHQME8G CyqGSIb3DQEJEAMNBEABAgMEBQYHCAkKCwwNDg8QERITBBUWFxgZGhscHR4fICEiIwQlJi coKSorLC0uLzAxMjMENTY3ODk6Ozw9Pj9AoIHKMBgGCSqGSIb3DQEJAzELBgkqhkiG9w0B BwEwHAYJKoZIhvcNAQkFMQ8XDTEwMTIxMDIzMjUwMFowHwYJKoZIhvcNAQkEMRIEEJZprm EbV56D6hAra0ndwPkwbwYJKoZIhvcNAQk0MWIwYDBPBgsqhkiG9w0BCRADDQRAAQIDBAUG BwgJCgsMDQ4PEBESEwQVFhcYGRobHB0eHyAhIiMEJSYnKCkqKywtLi8wMTIzBDU2Nzg5Oj s8PT4/QKENBgkqhkiG9w0BAQQFADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQQFAASBgEDMeyAkXMYqg/wW2B3P i8HWwGnZVA/4muJJ7+dEPacv3bRqE7n4dP0vXIYR7TJ1eRJk9uB/wry2fRPcnG3Y/Rn0Jy CqXsb+dXXfwOGK/rvLvJOloXUCy4+HxQk6eaYIBrjiVIUgZjpZXGJcZg2xq5yH1e4aw5Ov fQlfQXPiKp1l ------=_NextBoundry____Fri,_18_Dec_2009_00:25:21-- Schaad Expires May 26, 2011 [Page 15] Internet-Draft CMS Paramertized Hash November 2010 Appendix A.3. Autenticated Data Example This section contains an authenticated data example. The content was hashed with the md5-xor algorithm defined in this document. The authentication was done with the HMAC-SHA1 algorithm. The key is transported using RSA encryption to BobRSASignByCarl certificate. MIME-Version: 1.0 To: BobRSA@examples.com From: AliceDss@examples.com Subject: MD5-XOR example message Message-Id: <34567809323489fd.esc@examples.com> Date: Wed, 16 Dec 2010 23:13:00 -0500 Content-Type: application/pkcs7-mime; smime-type=authenticated-data; name=smime.p7m; micalg=xor-md5: 0440010203405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f10 111213415161718191a1b1c1d1e1f20212223425262728292a2b2c2d2e2f30 313233435363738393a3b3c3d3e3f40 Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=smime.p7m MIICRQYLKoZIhvcNAQkQAQKgggI0MIICMAIBADGBwDCBvQIBADAmMBIxEDAOBgNVBAMMB0 NhcmxSU0ECEEY0a8eAAFa8EdNuLs1dcdAwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQAEgYCH70EpEikY7deb 859YJRAWfFondQv1D4NFltw6C1ceheWnlAU0C2WEXr3LUBXZp1/PSte29FnJxu5bXCTn1g elMm6zNlZNWNd0KadVBcaxi1n8L52tVM5sWFGJPO5cStOyAka2ucuZM6iAnCSkn1Ju7fgU 5j2g3bZ/IM8nHTcygjAKBggrBgEFBQgBAqFPBgsqhkiG9w0BCRADDQRAAQIDBAUGBwgJCg sMDQ4PEBESEwQVFhcYGRobHB0eHyAhIiMEJSYnKCkqKywtLi8wMTIzBDU2Nzg5Ojs8PT4/ QDArBgkqhkiG9w0BBwGgHgQcVGhpcyBpcyBzb21lIHNhbXBsZSBjb250ZW50LqKBxzAYBg kqhkiG9w0BCQMxCwYJKoZIhvcNAQcBMBwGCSqGSIb3DQEJBTEPFw0wOTEyMTAyMzI1MDBa MB8GCSqGSIb3DQEJBDESBBCWaa5hG1eeg+oQK2tJ3cD5MGwGCSqGSIb3DQEJNDFfMF0wTw YLKoZIhvcNAQkQAw0EQAECAwQFBgcICQoLDA0ODxAREhMEFRYXGBkaGxwdHh8gISIjBCUm JygpKissLS4vMDEyMwQ1Njc4OTo7PD0+P0CiCgYIKwYBBQUIAQIEFLjUxQ9PJFzFnWraxb EIbVbg2xql |>ad.bin |MIICRQYLKoZIhvcNAQkQAQKgggI0MIICMAIBADGBwDCBvQIBADAmMBIxEDAOBgNVBAMMB0 |NhcmxSU0ECEEY0a8eAAFa8EdNuLs1dcdAwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQAEgYCH70EpEikY7deb |859YJRAWfFondQv1D4NFltw6C1ceheWnlAU0C2WEXr3LUBXZp1/PSte29FnJxu5bXCTn1g |elMm6zNlZNWNd0KadVBcaxi1n8L52tVM5sWFGJPO5cStOyAka2ucuZM6iAnCSkn1Ju7fgU |5j2g3bZ/IM8nHTcygjAKBggrBgEFBQgBAqFPBgsqhkiG9w0BCRADDQRAAQIDBAUGBwgJCg |sMDQ4PEBESEwQVFhcYGRobHB0eHyAhIiMEJSYnKCkqKywtLi8wMTIzBDU2Nzg5Ojs8PT4/ |QDArBgkqhkiG9w0BBwGgHgQcVGhpcyBpcyBzb21lIHNhbXBsZSBjb250ZW50LqKBxzAYBg |kqhkiG9w0BCQMxCwYJKoZIhvcNAQcBMBwGCSqGSIb3DQEJBTEPFw0wOTEyMTAyMzI1MDBa |MB8GCSqGSIb3DQEJBDESBBCWaa5hG1eeg+oQK2tJ3cD5MGwGCSqGSIb3DQEJNDFfMF0wTw |YLKoZIhvcNAQkQAw0EQAECAwQFBgcICQoLDA0ODxAREhMEFRYXGBkaGxwdHh8gISIjBCUm |JygpKissLS4vMDEyMwQ1Njc4OTo7PD0+P0CiCgYIKwYBBQUIAQIEFLjUxQ9PJFzFnWraxb |EIbVbg2xql |