Trill WG R. Parameswaran, INTERNET-DRAFT Brocade Communications, Inc. Intended Status:Experimental February 23, 2017 Expires: August 27, 2017 TRILL: Parent node Shifts in Tree Construction, Mitigation. Abstract This draft documents a known problem in the Trill tree construction mechanism and offers two different approaches to solve the problem. Status of This Memo This Internet-Draft is submitted to IETF in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. Distribution of this document is unlimited. Comments should be sent to the authors or the TRILL working group mailing list: trill@ietf.org. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet- Drafts. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/1id-abstracts.html. The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html. Terminology and Acronyms. The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119]. Table of Contents 1. Introduction...............................................1 2. Tree construction in Trill.................................2 3. Issues with the Trill tree construction algorithm..........2 4. Alternative A - Using the Affinity sub-TLV.................4 5. Alternative B - Variant of the Djikstra SPF algorithm......7 5.1 Choice of the policy function........................11 6. Network wide selection of computation algorithm...........13 7. Relationship to draft-ietf-trill-resilient-trees..........14 8. Security Considerations...................................16 9. IANA Considerations.......................................16 10. Informative References....................................16 1. Introduction. Trill is a data center technology that uses link-state routing mechanisms in a layer 2 setting, and serves as a replacement for spanning-tree. Trill uses trees rooted at pre-determined nodes as a way to distribute multi-destination traffic. Multi-destination traffic includes traffic such as layer-2 broadcast frames, unknown unicast flood frames, and layer 2 traffic with multicast MAC addresses (collectively referred to as BUM traffic). Multi-destination traffic is typically hashed onto one of the available trees and sent over the tree, potentially reaching all nodes in the network (hosts behind which may own/need the packet in question). 2. Tree construction in Trill. Tree construction in Trill is defined by [RFC6325], with additional corrections defined in [RFC7780]. The tree construction mechanism used in Trill codifies certain tree construction steps which make the resultant trees very brittle. Specifically, the parent selection mechanism in Trill causes problems in case of node failures. Trill uses the following rule - when constructing an SPF tree, if there are multiple possible parents for a given node (i.e. if multiple upstream nodes can potentially pull in a given node during SPF, all at the same cumulative cost, then the parent selection is imposed in the following manner): [RFC6325]: "When building the tree number j, remember all possible equal cost parents for node N. After calculating the entire 'tree' (actually, directed graph), for each node N, if N has 'p' parents, then order the parents in ascending order according to the 7-octet IS-IS ID considered as an unsigned integer, and number them starting at zero. For tree j, choose N's parent as choice j mod p." There is an additional correction posted to this in [RFC7780]: [RFC7780], Section 3.4: "Section 4.5.1 of [RFC6325] specifies that, when building distribution tree number j, node (RBridge) N that has multiple possible parents in the tree is attached to possible parent number j mod p. Trees are numbered starting with 1, but possible parents are numbered starting with 0. As a result, if there are two trees and two possible parents, then in tree 1 parent 1 will be selected, and in tree 2 parent 0 will be selected. This is changed so that the selected parent MUST be (j-1) mod p. As a result, in the case above, tree 1 will select parent 0, and tree 2 will select parent 1. This change is not backward compatible with [RFC6325]. If all RBridges in a campus do not determine distribution trees in the same way, then for most topologies, the RPFC will drop many multi-destination packets before they have been properly delivered." 3. Issues with the Trill tree construction algorithm. With this tree construction mechanism in mind,let's look at the Spine-Leaf topology presented below and consider the calculation of Tree number 2 in Trill. Assume all the links in the tree are at the same cost. A-- --B / \ \/ /\ / \/\ _/_ \ /__ _/\ / \\ // \/ \\ 1 2 3 \ | / \ | / \ | / \ | / \ | / \ | / \ |/ C Assume that in the above topology, when ordered by 7-octet ISIS-id, 1 < 2 < 3 holds and that the root for Tree number 2 is A. Given the ordered set {1, 2, 3} , these nodes have the following indices (with a starting index of 0): Node Index 1 0 2 1 3 2 Given the SPF constraint and that the tree root is A, the parent for nodes 1,2, and 3 will be A. However, when the SPF algorithm tries to pull B or C into the tree, we have a choice of parents, namely 1, 2, or 3. Given that this is tree 2, the parent will be the one with index (2-1) mod 3 (which is equal to 1). Hence the parent for node B will be node 2. A /|\ / | \ / | \ 1 2 3 /\ / \ B C However, due to Trill's parent selection algorithm, the sub-tree rooted at Node 2 will be impacted even if Node 1 or Node 3 go down. Take the case where Node 1 goes down. Tree 2 must now be re-computed (this is normal) - but now, when the SPF computation is underway, when the SPF process tries to pull in B, the list of potential parents for B now are {2 and 3}. So, after ordering these by ISIS-Id as {2, 3} (where 2 is considered to be at index of 0 and 3 is considered to be at index 1), for tree 1, we apply Trill's formula of: Parent's index = (TreeNumber-1) mod Number_of_parents. = (2-1) mod 2 = 1 mod 2 = 1 (which is the index of Node 3) The re-calculated tree now looks as shown below. The shift in parent nodes (for B) may cause disruption to live traffic in the network, and is unnecessary in absolute terms because the existing parent for node B, node 2, was not perturbed in any way. A / \ / \ / \ 2 3 /\ / \ B C Aside from the disruption posed by the change in the tree links, depending upon how the concerned rbridges stripe vlans/FGLs across trees and how they may prune these, additional disruption is possible if the forwarding state on the new parent rbridge is not primed to match the new tree structure. This churn could simply be avoided with a better algorithm/approach. The parent shift issue noted above can be solved in at least two different ways: a) by means of the affinity sub-TLV. b) by means of a network wide policy based parent selection mechanism. While the techniques identified in this draft have an immediate benefit when applied to spine/leaf networks popular in data-center designs, nothing in either of the approaches outlined below assumes a spine-leaf network. The techniques outlined below will work on any connected graph. Furthermore, no symmetry in link-cost is assumed. 4. Alternative A - Using the Affinity sub-TLV. At a high level, this problem can be solved by having the affected parent send out an affinity sub-TLV identifying the children for which it wants to preserve the parent-child relationship, subject to network events which may change the structure of the tree. The preferred parent node would send out an affinity sub-TLV with multiple affinity records, one per child node, listing the concerned tree number. It would be sufficient to have a local configuration option (e.g. a CLI) at one of the nodes which is deemed to be the preferred parent. In such case, the following steps may provide a way to implement this proposal: a. The operator locally configures the preferred parent to indicate its stickiness in tree construction for a specific tree number and tree root via the affinity sub-TLV. This can be done before tree construction if the operator consults the 7 octet ISIS-ID relative ordering of the concerned nodes and infers upfront which of the potential parent nodes would become the parent node for a given set of children on that tree number under the Trill tree calculation mechanism. The operator assumes the responsibility of configuring the preferred parent stickiness on only one node amongst a set of sibling nodes relative to the tree root for that tree number. b. The very first tree calculation uses the default Trill specified parent selection rules. The configured node advertises its parent preference via the affinity sub-TLV when it completes a normal Trill specified tree calculation, and finds itself the parent of multiple child nodes per the calculation. The affinity sub-TLV must reflect the appropriate tree number and the child nodes for which the concerned node is a parent node. The affinity sub-TLV should be published when the tree is deemed to have converged and it may be necessary to start a timer when triggering the tree calculation, to track the convergence. Alternately, the publication of the affinity sub-TLV may be triggered by the download of the routes to the (L2) RIB, which typically happens after successful computation of the entire tree (however, see vii. below). c. When any change event happens in the network, one which forces a tree re-calculation for the concerned tree, the configured node should run through the normal Trill tree calculation agnostic of the fact that it has published an affinity sub-TLV i.e the node's own affinity sub-TLV should not be directly used in establishing parent relationships. During the tree calculation, if the node turns out to be on the list of potential parents for some or all of the child nodes for which it published the affinity sub-TLV (disregarding its possible exclusion as parent due to 7 octet ISIS ID ordering logic), or for any other child nodes for which it was not previously a parent node, then it should react in the following manner: i. If the node is still a potential parent for some of the children identified in the existing affinity sub-TLV, it should start a timer upon whose expiration, the node would intend to send out an updated affinity sub-TLV identifying the correct sub-set of children for which the node aspires to continue the parent relationship. This case would also apply if there are new child nodes for which the node is now a parent (however, see the conflicted affinity sub-TLV rules below, and in vii further below). For its own tree computation, the node should use itself as parent in order to pull the set of children identified during the SPF run into the tree unless another affinity sub-TLV is seen for the same tree number with an overlap in the set of child nodes such that the other affinity sub-TLV would win according to the conflict resolution rules in section 5.3 of [RFC7783]. In such case, this node should not publish an affinity sub-TLV (and retract it if it is already published), and honor the other node's affinity sub-TLV instead. ii. if the tree structure changes such that it is no longer a potential parent for any of the child nodes in the advertised affinity sub-TLV, then it must start a timer upon whose expiration, it would intend to retract the affinity sub-TLV. In this case, the default Trill tie-break rule would need to be used during SPF construction for the vertices that were children of this node previously. iii. If there are any additional tree computations while the timer is running, the timer should be re-started/extended in order to absorb the interim network events. It is possible that the intended action at the expiration of the timer may change meanwhile. The timer needs to be large enough to absorb multiple network events that may happen due to a change in the physical state of the network, and yet short enough to avoid delaying the update of the affinity sub-TLV. iv. At the expiration of the timer, the existing state of the tree should be compared with the existing affinity sub-TLV and the intended change in the status of the affinity sub-TLV is carried out e.g. an update to the list of children, or a retraction. v. Alternately, the above steps (re-examination of the affinity sub-TLV and update) may be tied to/triggered from the download of the tree routes to the RIB, since that typically happens upon a successful computation of the complete tree. An additional stabilization timer could be used to counteract back-to-back computations of the tree due to a burst of network events. vi. Note that this approach may cause an additional tree computation at remote nodes once the updated affinity sub-TLV (or lack of it) is received/perceived, beyond the network events which led up to the change in the tree. vii. The preferred parent-node should not originate an affinity sub-TLV if it sees an affinity sub-TLV from some other node for the same tree number and for some or all of the same child-nodes, but only if the other node's affinity sub-TLV would win using the conflict tie-break rules in section 5.3 of [RFC7783]. Any existing affinity sub-TLV already published by this node in such a situation should be retracted. d. Remote nodes should compute their trees honoring the latest affinity sub-TLV or the lack thereof, sent from this node. e. Situations where the node advertising the Affinity sub-TLV dies or restarts should be handled using the normal handling for such scenarios relating to the parent Router Capability TLV, and as specified in [RFC4971]. f. Conflicts in the Affinity sub-TLV from different originators for the same tree number and child node should be handled as specified in section 5.3 of [RFC7783]. g. Situations where a link constantly flaps, should be handled by having the preferred parent node retract the affinity sub-TLV, if it affects the parent child relationships in consideration. The long-term state of the affinity sub-TLV can be monitored by the preferred parent node to see if it is being published and retracted repeatedly in multiple iterations or if a specific set of children are being constantly added and removed. The preferred parent may resume publication of the affinity sub-TLV once it perceives the network to be stable again in the future. If the node is forced to retract its affinity sub-TLV due to a change, in the tree structure, it can then repeat these steps in a subsequent tree construction, if the same node becomes a parent again, so long as it perceives the network to be stable (free of link/node flaps). In terms of nodes that do not support this algorithm, they are expected to seamlessly inter-operate with this scheme, so long as they understand and honor the affinity sub-TLV. The draft assumes that most implementations now support the affinity sub-TLV. 5. Alternative B - Using a variant of the Djikstra SPF algorithm. While alternative A may be preferable, there may be another way in which the same goal can be achieved - the classic SPF algorithm may be modified to address the above problem. However, this approach should be regarded as experimental, and is not advocated for use in a production environment until further evaluation is possible. The approach requires all nodes in the network to use the same modified SPF algorithm and same tie-break policy, and may work best in small sized networks. When pulling vertices from TENT to PATH, if a given vertex can can be pulled in by more than one parent at the same optimal cost, the modified SPF algorithm presented below allows a policy filter to be placed during the parent selection process, which can identify a preferred parent for the vertex being pulled in. Initially, tree computation starts off with the Trill parent selection rules. For subsequent tree computations, the policy function references stable snap-shots of the prior tree computation and tries to match existing parent-child relationships on a best-effort basis. The algorithm models the SPF algorithm in traditional terms, referencing two sets of vertices, PATH, and TENT. PATH contains vertices known to be reachable at optimal cost from the root vertex v. TENT contains vertices being examined for optimal reachability. TENT contains satellite information for each vertex, which is the immediate parent that caused the vertex to be moved into TENT, and the cost of the link between them. The algorithm is presented in a pseudocode that is similar in syntax to the 'C' language. policy_parent_selection_optimized_spf_run(vertex root, PolicyFunction PF, Tree PreviousTree) /* representation of the * same tree as computed * in the previous iteration, * as a reference for the * policy tie-breaker * function below. */ { /* L, LL are lists of tuples of the following form */ List<(vertex, parent, link(parent, vertex), link-cost(parent, vertex))> L, LL; /* Heap is ordered in ascending order of link-costs */ HEAP tmpHEAP; /* * map_vertex2parents_heap maps a vertex to a HEAP of tuples, each * identifying a parent relationship. The heap is ordered in * ascending order of link-cost. It also serves as a representation * of the set TENT. */ Mapping map_vertex2parents_heap{vertex -> HEAP of tuples of type (vertex, parent, link(parent,vertex) link-cost(parent, vertex)) }; initialize_to_empty(L); initialize_to_empty(LL); initialize_to_empty(map_vertex2parents_heap); set distance_from_root(root) = 0; root.in_PATH = TRUE; for each vertex in graph { if vertex is not root then { set distance_from_root(vertex) = infinity; vertex.in_PATH = FALSE; } } for each link (root,w) that is attached to root { if (distance_from_root(w) > link-cost(root, w)) { map_vertex2parents_heap{w}.add_to_heap( (w, root, link(root,w), link-cost(root,w))); } } /* * Iterate while there are vertices (tuples) in TENT - TENT is * realized via map_vertex2parents_heap which is a mapping table * with each entry of the table representing a (per-vertex) HEAP * of tuples. Each tuple represents a link i.e. a parent-child * relationship along with the identity of the link and its * associated cost. */ while (not_empty(map_vertex2parents_heap)) { /* There may be more than one vertex in TENT at * minimal cost, and this modified SPF algorithm considers all * of them simultaneously, processing them as a list, in terms * of their addition to PATH, and in terms of equally * considering them parents of as-yet undiscovered vertices * that may be reachable at the same total cost from members * of the list. * priority_heap_minimum_multiple_dequeue_as_list takes the * heap and returns a list of all the vertices that are at * minimum cost from v. The list is returned as a list of * tuples, where each tuple is of the form: * * (vertex, parent, link(parent, vertex), * link-cost(vertex, parent)) */ initialize_to_empty(tmpHEAP); /* * Iterate over the vertices comprising the key-space of * map_vertex2parents_heap. The minimum from TENT is * derived in two steps - find the minimum cost for each vertex * from its potential parents (find the tuples), and then find * the minimum of the above minimums using a temporary HEAP. */ foreach (vertex v in valid-keys(map_vertex2parents_heap)) { /* tuples of the type * (vertex, parent,link(vertex, parent), * link-cost(vertex, parent)) at a minimum cost per hash * table vertex entry are inserted to tmpHEAP. Each entry * in tmpHEAP is a tuple. */ if (is-empty(map_vertex2parents_heap{v}) continue; /* Move on to the next vertex */ /* * heap_dequeue_multiple_minimum_as_list() is assumed to * dequeue multiple entries at the top of the heap, if * they are all at the same minimum value of the heap * metric (cumulative reachability cost for this * application). */ tmpHEAP.add_to_heap(heap_dequeue_multiple_minimum_as_list( map_vertex2parents_heap{v})); } L = heap_dequeue_multiple_minimum_as_list(tmpHEAP); /* * L is a list of tuples. * L could potentially have only a single tuple. Iterate over * tuples in L. Tuples in L are optimally reachable from nodes * already in PATH. */ foreach tuple (y, y_parent, link(y_parent, y), link-cost(y_parent, y)) in L { /* * Identify tuples relating to y's potential parents, * all leading to optimal reachability for y, collect * them in LL. */ LL = heap_dequeue_multiple_minimum_as_list( map_vertex2parents_heap{y}); /* * Policy function below takes a vertex, and its list of * eligible parents, and chooses one parent for the vertex. * It can be simply thought of as a tie-breaker that * chooses one parent out of the list of eligible parents * of y, but based on the consideration specified by the * policy, and being able to do so in a way that * minimizes tree churn. * * ASSUMPTION: Policy Function needs to be able * to deal with trivial case of the list of eligible * parents having only one parent, it must select that one * parent unconditionally in that case for the given child * node. * * PolicyFunction is not explicitly defined here, it may * take other parameters such as a representation of the * previous computation of the tree to help it make a * selection that helps preserve links in the tree as they * existed prior to this computation. */ if (y_parent == PolicyFunction(y, LL, PreviousTree, TreeNumber)) { /* * if y is allowed by the policy function, it can get * pulled into PATH here. However, if y is excluded * at this stage, then it must have another potential * instance in TENT (but see assumption above), which * will pull it in thru a different parent - * correctness of the SPF algorithm guarantees this, * and this other instance with other parent must be * in the list L. */ y.in_PATH = TRUE; distance_from_root(y) = distance_from_root(y_parent) + link-cost(y_parent,y); if (y_parent == root) /* directly connected */ nexthop_link_at_root(y) = link (root ,y); else nexthop_link_at_root(y) = nexthop_link_at_root(y_parent); /* y is now in PATH. * identify_vertex_as_parent() is defined further * down below, it marks y as parent for its * downstream children, by updating the * map_vertex2parents_heap entry for nodes * immediately downstream of y. Note * that we do not need to iterate over all instances * of y in LL - this can be done by simply examining * all links on y and pulling in those not in PATH. */ identify_vertex_as_parent(y, map_vertex2parents_heap); } } } for each vertex w in graph { if (w is not root) { print (distance_from_root(w), nexthop_link_at_root(w)); } } } identify_vertex_as_parent(vertex y, Mapping map_vertex2parents_heap) { for each link (y,x) that is attached to y { if (x.in_PATH == FALSE) // Ignore nodes already in PATH. { /* * Routine is only called on vertices y that are already * in PATH, so child x will be reachable optimally from y. * * y is a potential parent of x, because x is optimally * reachable from y. But we need to see if there are * other potential parents of x at the same optimal cost, * the policy function will help pick the right parent, * during its invocation in the SPF run for x's selection * into path. * */ if (distance_from_root(x) > (distance_from_root(y) + cost(y,x)) { map_vertex2parents_heap{x}.add_to_heap(x, y, (y,x), distance_from_root(y)+cost(y,x)); } } } } 5.1 Choice of the policy function. In order to solve the discussed problem, the policy function must preserve parent-child links as they existed in previous stable (non-transient) computations of the tree and it can do this by consulting a a stable snapshot of the previous tree computation, to identify and preserve parent-child relationships in the prior SPF tree. Text further below discusses how a stable snap-shot of the tree may be collected. The policy is applied on a best-effort basis and is consulted during the normal SPF tree construction mechanism if a given child node can be pulled in from a choice of multiple parents, and if one of those parents had pulled in that child node in a previous stable snap-shot of the tree. When used in this manner, if a parent node in the previous tree computation is no longer alive/reachable, it should not be used as a reference in preserving any parent-child relationships. A secondary policy or fall-back tie-break may be needed to identify a parent for a given child in this situation, and this is detailed below. Also, as noted in the code section, in the case where a child node has only one parent, the policy function must unconditionally select that parent node to pull in the child to the SPF tree. The policy function may also take the tree number as an input parameter to determine a fallback tie-break. When the policy function is set up in the manner described above, it helps maintain parent affinity by explicitly breaking ties preferentially so that prior parent relationships are maintained in a new computation of the tree. However, the challenge of synchronizing the application of the policy across rBridges in the network needs to be addressed. In order to do this, the following rules may need to be adhered to when using this approach: a. The first tree computation is carried out using the Trill specified tree construction mechanism. b. So long as the root node for that tree number does not change physically, the second and subsequent tree computations for the same tree can use this algorithm and try to feed in a representation of the previous steady-state tree computation as a guide to the policy function, subject to the following caveats: i. if a non-root node that was a parent in a previous computation is no longer reachable/alive, then the computation should fall back to the default Trill parent selection rule for the set of remaining parent candidates and the associated children. Note that if a sibling of the parent node goes away or changes its link connectivity, it does not impact the concerned parent's child relationships. ii. If a link between a parent node and child node (in the previous computation of that tree) goes down, then that child alone should be pulled in to the SPF tree using vertices that are upstream of it during tree computation, subject to the Trill specified tie-break rule. Note that this may result in some children being pulled in through the old parent and some pulled in through a different node, subject to the Trill tie-break rule. c. If the root node for that tree number changes to a physically different node, then the first tree computation for that tree number with that new tree root should be carried out using the default Trill parent-selection rules. The second and subsequent computations can leverage this approach, each feeding in a representation of the previous stable snap-shot as a reference for the current computation. d. There may be cases during tree construction with this approach where more than one parent finds a match in the representation of the previous tree - in this case the tie should be broken according to the default Trill parent selection rule. This can happen, when a node that was a parent in a previous computation becomes a child node of its former child in the current tree, due to a link going down, for example. In this case, the directional nature of the (parent, child) link in the prior snapshot may need to be ignored while trying to find a match in the prior snapshot. e. The policy function must always be given the representation of the most recent stable snapshot of the prior tree computation for that tree number. Ideally, a stable snap-shot should reflect a converged tree state after all recent network churn events have been absorbed. A timer may be started when any tree computation starts. The timer would need to be long enough to capture a converged tree state. Any interim network events received while the timer is running extend the timer. When the timer expires the tree is deemed to have converged, and a snap-shot of the tree may be collected. f. Alternatively, snap-shot collection may be triggered when the tree routes are being programmed in the RIB, since most implementations would download routes to the RIB only when the tree calculation has completed successfully. An additional stabilization timer may be used, after the RIB trigger, to capture cases where multiple tree computations run back to back. The snapshot must collect all links in the tree, reflecting parent child relationships in the tree. g. To handle situations where a link or node is flapping constantly, nodes in the network should turn off snap-shot matching on the child nodes connected to the affected link or node (if the node happens to be a parent node, then snapshot matching should be turned of for all the children of that node) and fallback to default Trill parent selection rules for the affected children. Nodes in the network may examine parent-child relationships in the successive collected snapshots to see if a specific sub-tree is toggling within a pre-configured interval of time. 6. Network wide selection of computation algorithm. Alternative A does not need any operational change to the Trill protocol, beyond the usage of the affinity sub-TLV (which is already in the proposed standard) for the use case identified in this draft. For alternative B, this draft takes no position on how rBridges in the network may negotiate and select the modified algorithm as the preferred tree computation mechanism at this time. 7. Relationship to draft-ietf-trill-resilient-trees. Given that both draft-ietf-trill-resilient-trees, and draft-rp-trill-parent-selection-02 drafts use the affinity sub-TLV, it is worthwhile to examine if there is any functional overlap between the two drafts. At a high level, draft-ietf-trill-resilient-trees relates to link protection, and defines the notion of a primary distribution tree and a backup distribution tree (DT), where these trees are intentionally kept link disjoint to the extent possible, and the backup tree is pre-programmed in the hardware, and activated either upfront or upon failure of the primary distribution tree. On the other hand, draft-rp-trill-parent-selection-02 protects parent-child relationships of interest on the primary DT, and has no direct notion of a backup DT. draft-ietf-trill-resilient-trees considers the following algorithmic approaches to the building the backup distribution tree (section numbers listed are from that draft): 1. Pure operator configuration for links on the backup DT/manual generation of affinity sub-TLV - this is very tedious and unlikely to scale or be implemented in practice, and hence is disregarded in the analysis here. 2. Section 3.2.1.1a: Use of MRT algorithms (which will produce conjugate trees - link disjoint trees with roots for primary and backup trees that are coincident on the same physical rBridge). 3. Section 3.2.1.1b: Once the primary DT is constructed, the links used in the primary DT are additively cost re-weighted, and a second SPF is run to derive the links comprising the backup DT. Affinity sub-TLV is used to mark links on the back-up DT which are not also on the primary DT. This approach can handle conjugate trees as well as non-conjugate trees (link disjoint trees that are rooted at different physical nodes). 4. Section 3.2.2: A variation on the section 3.2.1.1b approach, but without affinity sub-TLV advertisement. Once the primary DT is constructed, costs for links on the primary DT are multiplied by a fixed multiplier to prevent them from being selected in a subsequent SPF run, unless there is no other choice, and the subsequent SPF yields links on the backup DT. All of the approaches above yield maximally link disjoint trees, when applied as prescribed. Approach 4 above does not seem to use affinity sub-TLVs and instead seems to depend upon a network wide agreement on the alternative tree computation algorithm being used. Approaches 2 and 3 use affinity sub-TLV on the backup DT, for links that are not already on the primary DT. The primary DT does not appear to use affinity sub-TLVs. Additionally, from an end-to-end perspective the backup DT comes into picture when the primary DT fails (this is effectively true even in the 1+1 protection mechanism and in the local protection case), and then again, only until the primary DT is recalculated. Once the primary DT is recalculated, the backup DT is recalculated as well, and can change corresponding to the new primary DT. draft-ietf-trill-resilient-trees cannot directly prevent/mitigate a parent node shift on the primary DT at a given parent node, and while usage of the affinity sub-TLV on the backup DT might confer a parent affinity on some nodes on the backup DT, these are not necessarily the nodes on which the network operator may want/prefer an explicit parent affinity. Further, the backup DT is only used on a transient basis, from a forwarding perspective, until the primary DT is recomputed. In situations involving a node failure, there is no direct functional overlap between draft-ietf-trill-resilient-trees, and the draft-rp-trill-parent-selection-02 draft. The two drafts have different goals and appear to solve unrelated problems, in this situation. Sometimes, a parent shift can be triggered by link failure. In a situation where both drafts are active in the implementation, failure of a specific link may cause the backup DT to kick in, but when the primary DT is re-calculated, draft-rp-trill-parent-selection-02 can be used to preserve parent-child relationships on the primary DT, to the extent possible, during the re-calculation. So, in this case also, there does not appear to be a direct functional overlap in the simultaneous usage of these drafts. 8. Security Considerations. The proposal primarily influences tree construction and tries to preserve parent-child relationships in the tree from prior computations of the same tree, without changing any of operational aspects of the protocol. Hence, no new security considerations for Trill are raised by this proposal. 9. IANA Considerations. No new registry entries are requested to be assigned by IANA. The Affinity Sub-TLV has been defined in [RFC7176], and this proposal does not change its semantics in any way. 10. Informative References. [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997, . [RFC6325] Perlman, R., Eastlake 3rd, D., Dutt, D., Gai, S., and A. Ghanwani, "Routing Bridges (RBridges): Base Protocol Specification", RFC 6325, DOI 10.17487/RFC6325, July 2011, . [RFC7780] - Eastlake 3rd, D., Zhang, M., Perlman, R., Banerjee, A., Ghanwani, A., and S. Gupta, "Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL): Clarifications, Corrections, and Updates", RFC 7780, DOI 10.17487/RFC7780, February 2016, . [RFC7783] Senevirathne, T., Pathangi, J., Hudson, J., "Coordinated Multicast Trees (CMT) for Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL)", RFC 7783, February 2016, [RFC4971] Vasseur, JP., Shen, N., Aggarwal, R., "Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) Extensions for Advertising Router Information", RFC 4971, July 2007, Author's Address: R. 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