Network Working Group R. Johnson Internet-Draft Cisco Systems, Inc. Intended status: Informational March 6, 2010 Expires: September 7, 2010 TFTP Server Address Option for DHCPv4 draft-raj-dhc-tftp-addr-option-06.txt Abstract This memo documents existing usage for the "TFTP Server Address Option". The option number currently in use is 150. This memo documents the current usage of the option in agreement with RFC 3942 [RFC3942], which declares that any pre-existing usages of option numbers in the range 128 - 223 should be documented and the working group will try to officially assign those numbers to those options. The option is defined for DHCPv4 and works only with IPv4 addresses. Status of this Memo This Internet-Draft is submitted to IETF in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet- Drafts. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt. The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html. This Internet-Draft will expire on September 7, 2010. Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2010 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Johnson Expires September 7, 2010 [Page 1] Internet-Draft TFTP Serv. Addr. March 2010 Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the BSD License. This document may contain material from IETF Documents or IETF Contributions published or made publicly available before November 10, 2008. The person(s) controlling the copyright in some of this material may not have granted the IETF Trust the right to allow modifications of such material outside the IETF Standards Process. Without obtaining an adequate license from the person(s) controlling the copyright in such materials, this document may not be modified outside the IETF Standards Process, and derivative works of it may not be created outside the IETF Standards Process, except to format it for publication as an RFC or to translate it into languages other than English. Johnson Expires September 7, 2010 [Page 2] Internet-Draft TFTP Serv. Addr. March 2010 Table of Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3. TFTP Server Address Option Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 5. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 6. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 6.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 6.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Johnson Expires September 7, 2010 [Page 3] Internet-Draft TFTP Serv. Addr. March 2010 1. Introduction Voice over IP ("VoIP") devices, such as IP phones, have a need to download their configuration from a configuration server on the network. There are commonly accepted methods to discover this server via DHCP; the "sname" field in the DHCP header [RFC2131], the "TFTP Server name" option (#66) [RFC2132]. Both of these sources of information, however, contain the TFTP server's hostname. That hostname must then be translated to an IP address. The usual method to accomplish this would be DNS [RFC1034]. This means the firmware in a VoIP device (with possibly limited flash, memory, and/or processing resources) would need to implement the DNS protocol in order to perform this translation. This would also introduce an additional unnecessary point of failure whereby the device is dependent on the DNS server infrastructure in order to boot up and communicate with its call agent. In order to eliminate DNS as a point of failure and keep the firmware in such a VoIP device to a minimum the "VoIP Configuration Server Address" option (150) was introduced. This option allows the DHCP server to pass one or more IP addresses of the VoIP Configuration Server(s) instead of the hostname, thus making the information directly usable by the VoIP device. Other reasons for this option are that, (1) the "siaddr" field is not configurable on some DHCP servers, (2) the "siaddr" field only allows for one IPv4 address and it is desirable to have the ability to configure multiple IP addresses for redundancy, (3) some DHCP servers have been found to fill in their own IPv4 address as siaddr, (4) some customers were already using the "siaddr" field for other purposes, and finally (5) the configuration server may use a protocol other than TFTP to serve configuration files, making the use of the "TFTP Server name" option (option code 66) inappropriate. In cases where other download server address information also appears in the response packet, such as "sname" and "TFTP Server name", it is left to the device to decide which piece of information to use. Johnson Expires September 7, 2010 [Page 4] Internet-Draft TFTP Serv. Addr. March 2010 2. Conventions The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY" and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119]. Johnson Expires September 7, 2010 [Page 5] Internet-Draft TFTP Serv. Addr. March 2010 3. TFTP Server Address Option Definition The TFTP Server Address option is a DHCP option [RFC2132]. The option contains one or more IPv4 addresses which the client MAY use. The current use of this option is for downloading configuration from a VoIP server via TFTP, however the option may be used for purposes other than contacting a VoIP Configuration Server. The format of the option is: Code Len IPv4 Configuration Server Address(es) +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ | 150 | n | IPv4 address | ... +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ Figure 1 The option minimum length (n) is 4. The "Len" field must specify a length which is an integral multiple of 4 octets (4, 8, 12, etc.). If an option is received where this is not the case, the option information MUST be ignored, but further option processing may continue. Dividing this "Len" value by 4 will give number of IPv4 VoIP Configuration Server addresses which are specified in the option. The option MUST NOT be specified by the DHCP Client as it is intended only to be returned from the DHCP Server. If the DHCP Client wants to receive this information from the server, it needs to include the number 150 in the DHCP "Parameter List" option (55). Server addresses SHOULD be listed in order of preference and the client SHOULD use the addresses sequentially but may be configurable to use addresses randomly. The client may use as many or as few of the addresses provided as it likes. For example, if client is only capable of accepting 2 configuration server addresses, it may ignore any other addresses provided after the second address. Each TFTP server address which is being used by the client should be tried a total of 4 times with a 4 second wait time before proceeding to the next address. When this option appears along with the TFTP Server Name option (option 66) [RFC2132], this option SHOULD have priority over option 66. There is currently no defined IPv6 DHCP equivalent of this option. Johnson Expires September 7, 2010 [Page 6] Internet-Draft TFTP Serv. Addr. March 2010 4. Security Considerations A rogue DHCP Server could use this option in order to coerce a Client into downloading configuration from an alternate Configuration Server and thus gain control of the device's configuration. This, however, is no more of a security threat than similar attacks using other DHCP options which specify server names or addresses, of which there are many. If this is a concern, then DHCP Authentication may be used, but even secure delivery of an address over DHCP does not protect the subsequent insecure download over TFTP. TFTP itself provides no authentication or access control mechanisms, so even if DHCP messages were authenticated, downloading the configuration would still be insecure, unless some object-level security mechanisms would be used. Where security concerns are an issue, it is suggested that configuration files should be signed by a trusted agent. Configuration files may also be encrypted based on a configuration parameter on the DHCP client device. In other words, there are various methods to ensure the integrity of configuration data independent from insuring the integrity of the this DHCP option or even DHCP itself. The full extent of such options is far too broad to be addressed in this document. Message authentication in DHCP for intradomain use where the out-of- band exchange of a shared secret is feasible and is defined in [RFC3118]. Potential exposures to attack are discussed in section 7 of the DHCP protocol specification in [RFC2131]. Johnson Expires September 7, 2010 [Page 7] Internet-Draft TFTP Serv. Addr. March 2010 5. IANA Considerations IANA is requested to assign DHCP option number 150 for this option, in accordance with [RFC3942]. Johnson Expires September 7, 2010 [Page 8] Internet-Draft TFTP Serv. Addr. March 2010 6. References 6.1. Normative References [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. [RFC2131] Droms, R., "Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol", RFC 2131, March 1997. [RFC2132] Alexander, S. and R. Droms, "DHCP Options and BOOTP Vendor Extensions", RFC 2132, March 1997. [RFC3942] Volz, B., "Reclassifying Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol version 4 (DHCPv4) Options", RFC 3942, November 2004. 6.2. Informative References [RFC1034] Mockapetris, P., "Domain names - concepts and facilities", STD 13, RFC 1034, November 1987. [RFC3118] Droms, R. and W. Arbaugh, "Authentication for DHCP Messages", RFC 3118, June 2001. Johnson Expires September 7, 2010 [Page 9] Internet-Draft TFTP Serv. Addr. March 2010 Author's Address Richard A. Johnson Cisco Systems, Inc. 170 W. Tasman Dr. San Jose, CA 95134 US Phone: +1 408 526 4000 Email: raj@cisco.com Johnson Expires September 7, 2010 [Page 10]