Network Working Group Internet-Draft J. Parello Intended Status: Informational Cisco Systems, Inc. Expires: September 12, 2012 July 8, 2012 Energy Management Terminology draft-parello-eman-definitions-06 Status of this Memo This Internet-Draft is submitted to IETF in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." 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Abstract This document contains definitions and terms used in the Energy Management Working Group. Each term contains a definition(s), example, and reference to a normative, informative or well know source. Terms originating in this draft should be either composed of or adapted from other terms in the draft with a source. The defined terms will then be used in other drafts as defined here. Expires September 2012 [Page 2] Internet-Draft Mar 2012 Table of Contents 1. Introduction................................................4 2. Terminology.................................................5 Device......................................................5 Component...................................................5 Energy Management...........................................5 Energy Management System (EnMS).............................6 ISO Energy Management System................................7 Energy......................................................7 Power.......................................................7 Demand......................................................7 Power Characteristics.......................................8 Power Quality...............................................8 Electrical Equipment........................................9 Non-Electrical Equipment (Mechanical Equipment).............9 Energy Object...............................................9 Electrical Energy Object....................................9 Non-Electrical Energy Object................................9 Energy Monitoring..........................................10 Energy Control.............................................10 Provide Energy:............................................10 Receive Energy:............................................10 Power Interface............................................11 Power Inlet................................................11 Power Outlet...............................................11 Energy Management Domain...................................11 Energy Object Identification...............................12 Energy Object Context......................................12 Energy Object Relationship.................................12 Aggregation Relationship...................................13 Metering Relationship......................................13 Power Source Relationship..................................13 Proxy Relationship.........................................14 Energy Object Parent.......................................14 Energy Object Child........................................14 Power State................................................15 Power State Set............................................15 Nameplate Power............................................15 3. Security Considerations....................................16 4. IANA Considerations.......................................16 5. Acknowledgments............................................16 6. References.................................................16 Normative References.......................................16 Informative References.....................................16 7. Authors' Addresses........................................ 17 Expires September 2012 [Page 3] Internet-Draft Mar 2012 1. Introduction Within Energy Management there are terms that may seem obvious to a casual reader but in fact require a rigorous and sourced definition. To avoid any confusion in terms among the working group drafts, one glossary / lexicon of terms should exist that all drafts can refer to. This will avoid a review of terms multiplied across drafts. This draft will contain a glossary of definitions of terms that can be agreed upon by the working group outside of the context of drafts and then included in or sourced to this draft. Each term will contain a definition(s), a normative or informative reference, an optional example, an optional comment(s) listed a note(s). All terms should be rooted with a well-known reference. If a definition is taken verbatim from a reference then the source is listed in square brackets. If a definition is derived from a well- known reference then the source is listed as "Adapted from" with the reference listed in square brackets. If a defined term is newly defined here the reference will indicate as such by stating "herein" and if applicable list any composing terms from this document. When applicable the [IEEE100] was used as the preferred source. If a term was not available from [IEEE100], then [IEC60050] was used. When these were multiple items from [IEEE100], [IEC60050] or [ISO50001], there were all included. Expires September 2012 [Page 4] Internet-Draft Mar 2012 2. Terminology Device A piece of electrical or non-electrical equipment. Reference: Adapted from [IEEE100] Component A part of an electrical or non-electrical equipment (Device). Reference: Adapted from [ITU-T-M-3400] Energy Management Energy Management is a set of functions for measuring, modeling, planning, and optimizing networks to ensure that the network elements and attached devices use energy efficiently and is appropriate for the nature of the application and the cost constraints of the organization. Reference: Adapted from [ITU-T-M-3400] Example: A set of computer systems that will poll electrical meters and store the readings NOTES: 1. Energy management refers to the activities, methods, procedures and tools that pertain to measuring, modeling, planning, controlling and optimizing the use of energy in networked systems [NMF]. 2. Energy Management is a management domain which is congruent to any of FCAPS areas of management in the ISO/OSI Network Management Model [TMN]. Energy Management for communication networks and attached Expires September 2012 [Page 5] Internet-Draft Mar 2012 devices is a subset or part of an organization's greater Energy Management Policies. Energy Management System (EnMS) An Energy Management System is a combination of hardware and software used to administer a network with the primary purpose being Energy Management. Reference: Adapted from [1037C] Example: A single computer system that polls data from devices using SNMP NOTES: 1. An Energy Management System according to [ISO50001] (ISO-EnMS) is a set of systems or procedures upon which organizations can develop and implement an energy policy, set targets, action plans and take into account legal requirements related to energy use. An EnMS allows organizations to improve energy performance and demonstrate conformity to requirements, standards, and/or legal requirements. 2. Example ISO-EnMS: Company A defines a set of policies and procedures indicating there should exist multiple computerized systems that will poll energy from their meters and pricing / source data from their local utility. Company A specifies that their CFO should collect information and summarize it quarterly to be sent to an accounting firm to produce carbon accounting reporting as required by their local government. 3. For the purposes of EMAN, the definition from [1037C] is the preferred meaning of an Energy Management System (EnMS). The definition from [ISO50001] can be referred to as ISO Energy Management System (ISO-EnMS). Expires September 2012 [Page 6] Internet-Draft Mar 2012 ISO Energy Management System Energy Management System as defined by [ISO50001] Reference: herein Energy That which does work or is capable of doing work. As used by electric utilities, it is generally a reference to electrical energy and is measured in kilo-watt hours (kWh). Reference: [IEEE100] NOTES 1. Energy is the capacity of a system to produce external activity or perform work [ISO50001] Power The time rate at which energy is emitted, transferred, or received; usually expressed in watts (or in joules per second). Reference: [IEEE100] Demand The average value of power or a related quantity over a specified interval of time. Note: Demand is expressed in kilowatts, kilovolt-amperes, kilovars, or other suitable units. Reference: [IEEE100] NOTES: 1. typically kilowatts Expires September 2012 [Page 7] Internet-Draft Mar 2012 2. Energy providers typically bill by Demand measurements as well as for maximum Demand per billing periods. Power values may spike during short-terms by devices, but Demand measurements recognize that maximum Demand does not equal maximum Power during an interval. Power Characteristics Measurements of the electrical current, voltage and frequencies at a given point in an electrical power system. Reference: Adapted from [IEC60050] NOTES: 1. Power Characteristics is not intended to be judgmental with respect to a reference or technical value and are independent of any usage context. Power Quality Characteristics of the electric current, voltage and frequencies at a given point in an electric power system, evaluated against a set of reference technical parameters. These parameters might, in some cases, relate to the compatibility between electricity supplied in an electric power system and the loads connected to that electric power system. Reference: [IEC60050] NOTES: 1. Electrical characteristics representing power quality information are typically required by customer facility energy management systems. It is not intended to satisfy the detailed requirements of power quality monitoring. Standards typically also give ranges of allowed values; the information attributes are the raw measurements, not the "yes/no" determination by the various standards. Reference: [ASHRAE-201] Expires September 2012 [Page 8] Internet-Draft Mar 2012 Electrical Equipment A general term including materials, fittings, devices, appliances, fixtures, apparatus, machines, etc., used as a part of, or in connection with, an electric installation. Reference: [IEEE100] Non-Electrical Equipment (Mechanical Equipment) A general term including materials, fittings, devices appliances, fixtures, apparatus, machines, etc., used as a part of, or in connection with, non-electrical power installations. Reference: Adapted from [IEEE100] Energy Object An Energy Object (EO) is a piece of equipment that is part of or attached to a communications network that is monitored, controlled, or aids in the management of another device for Energy Management. Reference: herein Electrical Energy Object An Electrical Energy Object (EEO) is an Energy Object that is a piece of Electrical Equipment Reference: herein, Electrical Equipment Non-Electrical Energy Object A Non-Electrical Energy Object (NEEO) an Energy Object that is a piece of Non-Electrical Equipment. Reference: herein, Non-Electrical Equipment. Expires September 2012 [Page 9] Internet-Draft Mar 2012 Energy Monitoring Energy Monitoring is a part of Energy Management that deals with collecting or reading information from Energy Objects to aid in Energy Management. Reference: herein NOTES: 1. This could include Energy, Power, Demand, Power Quality, Context and/or Battery information. Energy Control Energy Control is a part of Energy Management that deals with directing influence over Energy Objects. Reference: herein NOTES: 1. Typically in order to optimize or ensure its efficiency. Provide Energy: An Energy Object "provides" energy to another Energy Object if there is an energy flow from this Energy Object to the other one. Reference: herein Receive Energy: An Energy Object "receives" energy from another Energy Object if there is an energy flow from the other Energy Object to this one. Reference: herein Expires September 2012 [Page 10] Internet-Draft Mar 2012 Power Interface A Power Interface (or simply interface) is an interconnection among devices or components where energy can be provided, received or both. Reference: herein Power Inlet A Power Inlet (or simply inlet) is an interface at which a device or component receives energy from another device or component. Reference: herein Power Outlet A Power Outlet (or simply outlet) is an interface at which a device or component provides energy to another device or component. Reference: herein Energy Management Domain An Energy Management Domain is a set of Energy Objects where all objects in the domain are considered one unit of management. Reference: herein Example: All EEO's drawing power from the same distribution panel with the same AC voltage within a building, or all EEO's in a building for which there is one main meter, would comprise an Energy Management Domain. NOTES: 1. Typically, this set will have as members all EO's that are powered from the same source. Expires September 2012 [Page 11] Internet-Draft Mar 2012 Energy Object Identification Energy Object Identification is a set of attributes that enable an Energy Object to be: uniquely identified among all Energy Management Domains; linked to other systems; classified as to type, model, and or manufacturer. Reference: herein Energy Object Context Energy Object Context is a set of attributes that allow an Energy Management System to classify the use of the Energy Object within an organization. Reference: herein NOTES: 1. The classification could contain the use and/or the ranking of the Energy Object as compared to other Energy Objects in the Energy Management Domain. Energy Object Relationship An Energy Object Relationship is a functional association among Energy Objects NOTES 1. Relationships can be named and could include Aggregation, Metering, Power Source, and Proxy. 2. The Energy Object is the noun or entity in the relationship with the relationship described as the verb. Example: If EO x is a piece of Electrical Equipment and EO y is an electrical meter clamped onto x's power cord, then x and y have a Metering Relationship. It follows that y meters x and that x is metered by y. Expires September 2012 [Page 12] Internet-Draft Mar 2012 Reference: Adapted from [CHEN] Aggregation Relationship An Aggregation Relationship is an Energy Object Relationship where one Energy Object aggregates the Energy Management information of one or more other Energy Objects. These Energy Objects are referred to as having an Aggregation Relationship. Reference: herein NOTES: 1. Aggregate values may be obtained by reading values from multiple Energy Objects and producing a single value of more significant meaning such as average, count, maximum, median, minimum, mode and most commonly sum [SQL]. Metering Relationship A Metering Relationship is an Energy Object Relationship where one Energy Object measures the Power or Energy of one or more other Energy Objects. These Energy Objects are referred to as having a Metering Relationship. Reference: herein Example: a PoE port on a switch measures the Power it provides to the connected Energy Object. Power Source Relationship A Power Source Relationship is an Energy Object Relationship where one Energy Object is the source of or distributor of Power to one or more other Energy Objects. Expires September 2012 [Page 13] Internet-Draft Mar 2012 These Energy Objects are referred to as having a Power Source Relationship. Reference: herein Example: a PDU provides power for a connected device. Proxy Relationship A Proxy Relationship is an Energy Object Relationship where one Energy Object provides the Energy Management capabilities on behalf of one or more other Energy Objects. These Energy Objects are referred to as having a Proxy Relationship. Reference: herein Example: a protocol gateways device for Building Management Systems (BMS) with subtended devices. Energy Object Parent An Energy Object Parent is an Energy Object that participates in an Energy Object Relationship and is considered as providing the capabilities in the relationship. Example: in a Metering Relationship, the Energy Object that is metering is called the Energy Object Parent, while the Energy Object that is metered is called the Energy Object Child. Reference: herein Energy Object Child An Energy Object Child is an Energy Object that participates in an Energy Object Relationship and is considered as receiving the capabilities in the relationship. Expires September 2012 [Page 14] Internet-Draft Mar 2012 Example: in a Metering Relationship, the Energy Object that is metering is called the Energy Object Parent, while the Energy Object that is metered is called the Energy Object Child. Reference: herein Power State A Power State is a condition or mode of a device that broadly characterizes its capabilities, power consumption, and responsiveness to input. Reference: Adapted from [IEEE1621] NOTES: 1. A Power State can be seen as a power setting of an Energy Object that influences the power consumption, the available functionality, and the responsiveness of the Energy Object. 2. A Power State can be viewed as one method for Energy Control Power State Set A collection of Power States that comprise one named or logical grouping of control is a Power State Set. Reference: herein Example: The states {on, off, and sleep} as defined in [IEEE1621], or the 16 power states as defined by the [DMTF] can be considered two different Power State Sets. Nameplate Power The Nameplate Power is the maximal (nominal) Power that a device can support. Reference: herein Expires September 2012 [Page 15] Internet-Draft Mar 2012 NOTES: 1. This is typically determined via load testing and is specified by the manufacturer as the maximum value required for operating the device. This is sometimes referred to as the worst-case Power. The actual or average Power may be lower. The Nameplate Power is typically used for provisioning and capacity planning. 3. Security Considerations None 4. IANA Considerations None 5. Acknowledgments The author would like to thank the authors of the current working group drafts for the discussions and definition clarifications 6. References Normative References Informative References [IEEE100] "The Authoritative Dictionary of IEEE Standards Terms" http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/mostRecentIssue.jsp?pun umber=4116785 [IEEE1621] "Standard for User Interface Elements in Power Control of Electronic Devices Employed in Office/Consumer Environments", IEEE 1621, December 2004. Expires September 2012 [Page 16] Internet-Draft Mar 2012 [IEC60050] International Electrotechnical Vocabulary http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/welco me?openform [ISO50001] "ISO 50001:2011 Energy management systems - Requirements with guidance for use", http://www.iso.org/ [DMTF] "Power State Management Profile DMTF DSP1027 Version 2.0" December 2009 http://www.dmtf.org/sites/default/files/stand ards/documents/DSP1027_2.0.0.pdf [TMN] "TMN Management Functions : Performance Management", ITU-T M.3400 [NMF] "Network Management Fundamentals", Alexander Clemm, ISBN: 1-58720-137-2, 2007 [ITU-T-M-3400] TMN recommandation on Management Functions (M.3400), 1997 [CHEN] "The Entity-Relationship Model: Toward a Unified View of Data", Peter Pin-shan Chen, ACM Transactions on Database Systems, 1976 [1037C] US Department of Commerce, Federal Standard 1037C, http://www.its.bldrdoc.gov/fs-1037/fs- 1037c.htm [SQL] ISO/IEC 9075(1-4,9-11,13,14):2008 [ASHRAE-201] "ASHRAE Standard Project Committee 201 (SPC 201)Facility Smart Grid Information Model", http://spc201.ashraepcs.org 7. Authors' Addresses John Parello Cisco Systems, Inc. 3550 Cisco Way San Jose, California 95134 US Phone: +1 408 525 2339 Email: jparello@cisco.com Expires September 2012 [Page 17]