INTERNET DRAFT Mohamed M.Khalil Category: Standards Track Emad Qaddoura Title: draft-mkhalil-mobileip-ggpse-00.txt Haseeb Akhtar Date: July 2000 Nortel Networks Expires: February 2001 Pat R. Calhoun Sun Microsystems, Inc. Generalized GPS Extension (GGPSE) Status of this Memo This document is a submission by the mobile-ip Working Group of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Comments should be submitted to the MOBILE-IP@STANDARDS.NORTELNETWORKS.COM mailing list. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. This document is an Internet-Draft and is in full conformance with all provisions of Section 10 of RFC2026. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at: http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at: http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html. Abstract The Mobile IP Working Group is considering proposals to provide fast hand-off capabilities to the Mobile IP protocol. It is important that such proposals do not require usage additional bandwidth, such as required by frequent mobility agent advertisements. This specification allows a mobility agent to provide its coverage area, and the location of neighboring cells, allowing the Mobile Node to determine when it must initiate a hand-off. MKhalil, Qaddoura, Akhtar, Calhoun [Page 1] INTERNET DRAFT July 2000 Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction 2.0 Generalized GPS Extension 2.1 Circular Coverage Area Extension 2.2 Rectangle Coverage Area Extension 2.3 Neighboring Mobile Agent Coordinate Extension 3.0 Operation 4.0 Open Issues 5.0 IANA Considerations 6.0 Security Considerations 7.0 References 8.0 Authors' Address 1.0 Introduction This draft relates to a method and protocol for determining that a mobile node is leaving a service area using location data, such as Global Positioning System (GPS) data, rather than receipt of an agent advertisement from a foreign agent. Mobile nodes that approach the boundaries of a service area, such as the mobile node's home area, generally initiate a hard hand-off upon receipt of an agent advertisement being periodically broadcast by a foreign agent in a neighboring service area, or cell. The foreign agent broadcasts the agent advertisement every 1-2 seconds to inform mobile nodes that they are approaching a new service area and that a hard hand-off should be initiated. These broadcast messages use valuable air interface bandwidth. When the mobile node initiates a hard hand-off, one or more data packets may be dropped while handing off service from the current mobile agent in the current service area to the new foreign agent in the new service area. Thus, a need exists for a method that can determine when a mobile node is approaching the boundaries of a service area to provide for a smoother hand-off with less data packet loss and a reduced burden on the air interface. 2.0 Generalized GPS Extension This section defines the generalized GPS Extension, used by any extension that must carry GPS information. MKhalil, Qaddoura, Akhtar, Calhoun [Page 2] INTERNET DRAFT July 2000 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Type | Length | Sub-Type | gps data ... +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Type TBD (skippable) [3] Length The length of the GPS field Sub-Type This field describe the structure of data covered in the gps data field. GPS Contains the GPS data. 2.1 Circular Coverage Area Extension The Circular Coverage Area Extension is subtype 1 of the Generalized GPS extension (see section 2.0) and contains the location of the mobile agent and radius of the coverage area for the mobile agent. This extension can be found in a Registration Request or Agent Advertisement [3]. 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Type | Length | Sub-Type | rsv | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | MAx | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | MAy | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | radius | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Type TBD (skippable) [3] MKhalil, Qaddoura, Akhtar, Calhoun [Page 3] INTERNET DRAFT July 2000 Length 12 bytes Sub-Type 1 MAx The x coordinate of the mobile agent location. MAy The y coordinate of the mobile agent location. Radius The radius of the coverage area for this MA. 2.2 Rectangle Coverage Area Extension The Rectangle Coverage Area Extension is subtype 2 of the Generalized GPS extension (see section 2.0) and contains the location of the upper left corner and lower right corner of the mobile agent's coverage area This extension can be found in Agent Advertisement [3]. 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Type | Length | Sub-Type | rsv | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | ulx | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | uly | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | lrx | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | lry | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Type TBD (skippable) [3] Length MKhalil, Qaddoura, Akhtar, Calhoun [Page 4] INTERNET DRAFT July 2000 16 bytes Sub-Type 2 ulx The x coordinate of upper left corner of the mobile agent's rectangle coverage area. uly The y coordinate of upper left corner of the mobile agent's rectangle coverage area. lrx The x coordinate of lower right corner of the mobile agent's rectangle coverage area. lry The y coordinate of lower right corner of the mobile agent's rectangle coverage area. 2.3 Neighboring Mobile Agent Coordinate Extension The Neighboring Mobile Agent Coordinate Extension is subtype 3 of the Generalized GPS extension (see section 2.0) and contains the location of a mobile agent and its public IP interface. One of these extensions would be present in the Agent Advertisement [3] for each neighboring Mobile Agent. 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Type | Length | Sub-Type | rsv | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | NMAx | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | NMAy | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | NMA IP Address | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Type MKhalil, Qaddoura, Akhtar, Calhoun [Page 5] INTERNET DRAFT July 2000 TBD (skippable) [3] Length 16 bytes Sub-Type 3 NMAx The x coordinate of the neighboring mobile agent location. NMAy The y coordinate of the neighboring mobile agent location. NMA IP Address The IP interface for the Neighboring Mobile Agent. 3.0 Operation When a mobile node operates within a cell area, it has previously been informed of the cell area's coverage by receipt of a Circular Coverage Area Extension message as described in section 2.1 or a Rectangular Coverage Area Extension message as described in section 2.2. The circular (or rectangular) coverage area extension defines the boundaries of the cell area. As the mobile node travels within the cell area, it uses periodic location information, such as GPS information, to determine when the mobile node is approaching the boundary of the cell area. The mobile node may use any suitable method to determine when it is approaching a cell boundary. In that case, the mobile node determines direction, and possibly speed of travel, based on two or more prior location informations. The mobile node then uses this information to determine if it is approaching a boundary. After determining that the mobile node is approaching a boundary, the mobile node transmits an agent solicitation for receipt by any nearby mobile (foreign) agent in a neighboring cell area. The agent solicitation is a request from the mobile node for another mobile agent to take control of administering the mobile node's current session. The mobile agent that receives the agent solicitation unicasts an agent advertisement to the mobile node that sent the agent solicitation. The unicast agent advertisement may contain a MKhalil, Qaddoura, Akhtar, Calhoun [Page 6] INTERNET DRAFT July 2000 Neighboring Mobile Agent Coordinate Extension message as described in section 2.3 and a coverage area extension as described in section 2.1 or section 2.2. The neighboring mobile agent coordinate extension informs the mobile node of the location of the mobile agent while the coverage area extension informs the mobile node of the coverage area of the mobile agent that is taking control of administering the mobile node's session. The unicast agent advertisement accepts the mobile node's agent solicitation thereby agreeing to take control of the mobile node's session. Upon receipt of the unicast agent advertisement, the mobile node registers with the mobile agent that sent the unicast agent advertisement. At that time, the new mobile agent takes control of the mobile node's current session through a hand off from the previous mobile agent to the new mobile agent. Note that the mobile agent does not periodically transmit agent advertisements for receipt by mobile nodes entering the coverage area of the mobile agent. Instead, the mobile agent transmits the agent advertisement directly to a mobile node in response to receiving an agent solicitation from that mobile node thereby reducing the burden on the air interface. Early detection of the need for a hand-off using location information provides for a smoother hand-off with fewer dropped packets in a mobile packet data network as compared to traditional mobile packet data networks using traditional broadcast agent advertisement messages to initiate hand-offs. 4.0 Open Issues Section 2.3 describes the Neighboring Mobile Agent Coordinate Extension, which provides the Mobile with the location of the neighboring Mobility Agents. It is not clear at this time that the X/Y location provided is sufficient, and a more descriptive cell boundary may be required. 5.0 IANA Considerations The number for the Generalized GPS Extension is taken from the numbering space defined for Mobile IP registration extensions defined in RFC 2002 [3]. These should not conflict with any numbers used in RFC 2002[3], RFC 2344 [5], RFC 2356 [6], Mobile IP Challenge/Response Extensions Draft [7], Mobile IP Network Access Identifier Extensions Draft[1], or Mobile IP Based Micro Mobility Management Protocol in The Third Generation Wireless Network Draft [8]. The Code values specified for errors, listed in section 6, should not conflict with any other code values listed in RFC 2002[1], RFC 2344 [5], RFC 2356 MKhalil, Qaddoura, Akhtar, Calhoun [Page 7] INTERNET DRAFT July 2000 [6] Mobile IP Challenge/Response Extensions Draft [7], Mobile IP Network Access Identifier Extensions Draft[1], or Mobile IP Based Micro Mobility Management Protocol in The Third Generation Wireless Network Draft [8]. 6.0 Security Considerations This specification makes extensive use of Global Positioning System (GPS) information to provide the geographical information of network entities. This draft does not introduce any privacy issues, given that a user's Mobile Node never issues its GPS information. This draft only defines how Foreign Agents advertise their cell boundaries, and this information can already be discovered through other means. 7.0 References [1] Calhoun, Perkins, Mobile IP Network Access Identifier Exten- sion draft-ietf-mobileip-mn-nai-05.txt [2] Aboda, Beadles, "The Network Access Identifier" RFC 2486, January 1999 [3] C. Perkins, Editor. IP Mobility Support. RFC 2002, October 1996 [4] Reynolds, J., and J. Postel, "Assigned Numbers", STD 2, RFC 1700, USC/Information Sciences Institute, October 1994. [5] G. Montenegro. Reverse Tunneling for Mobile IP. RFC 2344, May 1998. [6] G. Montenegro and V. Gupta. Sun's SKIP Firewall Traversal for Mobile IP. RFC 2356, June 1998. [7] C. Perkins, P. Calhoun. Mobile IP Challenge/Response Exten- sions. draft-ietf-mobileip-challenge-06.txt, October 1999. MKhalil, Qaddoura, Akhtar, Calhoun [Page 8] INTERNET DRAFT July 2000 [8] Yingchun Xu and et. al. Mobile IP Based Micro Mobility Management Protocol in The Third Generation Wireless Net- work. draft-ietf- mobileip-3gwireless-ext-00.txt, October 1999. [9] Gopal Dommety and Kent Leung. Mobile IP Vendor/Organization- Specific Extensions. draft-ietf-mobileip-vendor-ext-06.txt. November 1999 [10] Khalil, and et. al. Mobile IP Extensions Rationalization (MIER) draft-ietf-mobileip-mier-00.txt, Dec 1999. MKhalil, Qaddoura, Akhtar, Calhoun [Page 9] INTERNET DRAFT July 2000 8.0 Authors' Address Questions about this memo can be directed to: Mohamed Khalil Wireless Technology Labs Nortel Networks 2221 Lakeside Blvd. Richardson, TX 75082-4399 USA Phone: 1-972-685-0564 E-Mail: mkhalil@nortelnetworks.com Emad Qaddoura Wireless Technology Labs Nortel Networks 2221 Lakeside Blvd. Richardson, TX 75082-4399 USA Phone: 1-972-684-2705 E-Mail: emadq@nortelnetworks.com Haseeb Akhtar Wireless Technology Labs Nortel Networks 2221 Lakeside Blvd. Richardson, TX 75082-4399 USA Phone: 1-972-684-8850 E-Mail: haseeb@nortelnetworks.com Pat R. Calhoun Sun Laboratories, Network and Security Sun Microsystems, Inc. 15 Network Circle Menlo Park, California, 94025 USA Phone: 1-650-786-7733 Fax: 1-650-786-6445 E-mail: pcalhoun@eng.sun.com MKhalil, Qaddoura, Akhtar, Calhoun [Page 10]