Internet Draft RJ Atkinson draft-irtf-rrg-ilnp-icmpv4-05.txt Consultant Expires: 29 Nov 2012 SN Bhatti Category: Experimental 29 May 2012 ICMP Locator Update message for ILNPv4 draft-irtf-rrg-ilnp-icmpv4-05.txt Status of this Memo Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Copyright (c) 2012 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License. This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. This document may contain material from IETF Documents or IETF Contributions published or made publicly available before November 10, 2008. The person(s) controlling the copyright in some of this material may not have granted the IETF Trust the right to allow modifications of such material outside the IETF Standards Process. Without obtaining an adequate license from the person(s) controlling the copyright in such materials, this document may not be modified outside the IETF Standards Process, and derivative works of it may not be created outside the IETF Standards Process, except to format it for publication as an RFC or to translate it into languages other than English. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts Atkinson & Bhatti Expires in 6 months [Page 1] Internet Draft ILNPv4 ICMP 29 May 2012 as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/1id-abstracts.html The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html This document is not on the IETF standards-track and does not specify any level of standard. This document merely provides information for the Internet community. This document is part of the ILNP document set, which has had extensive review within the IRTF Routing Research Group. ILNP is one of the recommendations made by the RG Chairs. Separately, various refereed research papers on ILNP have also been published during this decade. So the ideas contained herein have had much broader review than the IRTF Routing RG. The views in this document were considered controversial by the Routing RG, but the RG reached a consensus that the document still should be published. The Routing RG has had remarkably little consensus on anything, so virtually all Routing RG outputs are considered controversial. Abstract This note defines an experimental ICMP message type for IPv4 used with the Identifier-Locator Network Protocol (ILNP). The Identifier-Locator Network Protocol (ILNP) is an experimental, evolutionary enhancement to IP. The ICMP message defined herein is used to dynamically update Identifier/Locator bindings for an existing ILNP session. This is a product of the IRTF Routing RG. Table of Contents 1. Introduction.............................2 1.1 ILNP Document Roadmap..................3 1.2 ICMPv4 Locator Update..................3 1.3 Terminology............................3 2. ICMP Locator Update message for ILNPv4...4 3. Transport Protocol Effects...............5 4. Implementation Considerations............6 5. Backwards Compatibility..................6 6. Security Considerations..................6 7. IANA Considerations......................7 8. References...............................7 Atkinson & Bhatti Expires in 6 months [Page 2] Internet Draft ILNPv4 ICMP 29 May 2012 1. INTRODUCTION The Identifier Locator Network Protocol (ILNP) is a proposal for evolving the Internet Architecture. It differs from the current Internet Architecture primarily by deprecating the concept of an IP Address, and instead defining two new objects, each having crisp syntax and semantics. The first new object is the Locator, a topology-dependent name for a subnetwork. The other new object is the Identifier, which provides a topology-independent name for a node. 1.1 ILNP Document Roadmap The ILNP Architecture document [ILNP-ARCH] is the best place to start reading about ILNP. ILNP has multiple instantiations. [ILNP-ENG] discusses engineering and implementation aspects common to all instances of ILNP. [ILNP-v4OPTS] defines two new IPv4 options used with ILNPv4. This document discusses a new ICMP for IPv4 message. [ILNP-DNS] describes new Domain Name System (DNS) resource records used with ILNP. Other documents describe ILNP for IPv6 (ILNPv6). 1.2 ICMPv4 Locator Update As described in [ILNP-ARCH] and [ILNP-ENG], an ILNP for IPv4 (ILNPv4) node might need to inform correspondent ILNPv4 nodes of changes to the set of valid Locator values. The new ICMPv4 Locator Update message described in this document enables an ILNP-capable node to update its correspondents about the currently valid set of Locators valid to use in reaching the node sending this message [RFC2460] [RFC4443]. This new ICMPv4 message MUST ONLY be used for ILNPv4 sessions. Authentication is always required, as described in the Security Considerations section later in this note. Some might consider any and all use of ICMP to be undesirable. In that context, please note that while this specification uses ICMP, on grounds that this is a control message, there is no architectural difference between using ICMP and using some different framing, for example UDP. 1.3 Terminology The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described Atkinson & Bhatti Expires in 6 months [Page 3] Internet Draft ILNPv4 ICMP 29 May 2012 in RFC 2119. [RFC2119] 2. ICMP Locator Update message for ILNPv4 The ICMP for IPv4 message described in this section has ICMP Type 253 (as defined for experimental use in Section 8 of [RFC4727]) and is used ONLY with a current ILNPv4 session. This message enables an ILNPv4 node to advertise changes to the active Locator set for the ILNPv4 node that originates this message to its unicast ILNP correspondent nodes. It also enables those correspondents to acknowledge receipt of the advertisement. This particular ICMP for IPv4 message MUST ONLY be used with ILNPv4 communications sessions. The Checksum field for this message is calculated identically as for any other IPv4 ICMP message. ICMP Locator Update message 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Type | Code | Checksum | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Num of Locs | Operation | RESERVED | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ / Locator [1] / +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Preference [1] | Lifetime [1] | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ / Locator [2] / +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Preference [2] | Lifetime [2] | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ ICMP Fields: Type 253 This type value is taken from Section 8 of [RFC4727], and is allocated for experimental use. Code 0 Checksum The 16-bit one's complement of the Atkinson & Bhatti Expires in 6 months [Page 4] Internet Draft ILNPv4 ICMP 29 May 2012 one's complement sum of the ICMP message, starting with the ICMP Type. For computing the checksum, the Checksum field is set to 0. Num of Locs The number of 32-bit Locator values that are advertised in this message. Locator[i], The 32-bit Locator values currently i = 1..Num of Locs valid for the sending ILNPv4 node. Preference[i], The preferability of each Locator[i], i = 1..Num of Locs relative to other valid Locator[i] values. The Preference numbers here are identical, both in syntax and semantics, to the Preference values for L32 records that are specified by [ILNP-DNS]. Lifetime[i] The maximum number of seconds that this i = 1..Num of Locs particular Locator may be considered valid. Normally, this is identical to the DNS lifetime of the corresponding L32 record, if one exists. Operation The value in this field indicates whether this is a Locator Update Advertisement (0x01) or a Locator Update Acknowledgement (0x02). RESERVED A field reserved for possible future use. At present, the sender MUST initialise this field to zero. Receivers should ignore this field at present. The field might be used for some protocol function in future. NOTE WELL: The ICMP TYPE value is allocated for shared experimental use in Section 8 of [RFC4727]. It is not uniquely assigned to ILNPv4. So implementations need to code particularly defensively as other IPv4 experiments might be using this same ICMP TYPE value for an entirely different purpose with a different ICMP packet format. The Operation field has value 1 (hexadecimal 0x01) for a Locator Atkinson & Bhatti Expires in 6 months [Page 5] Internet Draft ILNPv4 ICMP 29 May 2012 Update Advertisement. The Operation field has value 2 (hexadecimal 0x02) for a Locator Update Acknowledgement. All other values of the Operation field are reserved for future use by future revisions of this specification. A node whose set of valid Locators has changed MUST send Locator Update Advertisement messages to each correspondent node for each active unicast ILNP session. For unicast ILNP sessions, the receiver of a valid (i.e. authentication checks all passed, advertisement is received from a current correspondent node) Locator Update Advertisement addressed to the receiver MUST send a Locator Update Acknowledgement back to the sender of the Locator Update Advertisement. The Acknowledgement message body is identical to the received Advertisement message body, except for the Operation value. All ILNPv4 ICMP Locator Update messages MUST contain a valid ILNPv4 Identifier option and MUST contain an ILNPv4 Nonce Option. ILNPv4 ICMP Locator Update messages also MAY be protected using IP Security for ILNP [ILNP-ENG] [RFC4301]. Deployments in high-threat environments SHOULD also protect ILNPv4 ICMP Locator Update messages using IP Security. While IPsec ESP can protect a payload, no form of IPsec ESP is able to protect an IPv4 option that appears prior to the ESP header. Note that even when IP Security for ILNP is in use, the ILNPv4 Nonce Option still MUST be present. This simplifies protocol processing, and it also means that a receiver can perform the inexpensive check of the Nonce value before performing any (potentially expensive) cryptographic calculation. 3. Transport Protocol Effects This message has no impact on any transport protocol. The message may affect where packets for a given transport session are sent, but an ILNP design objective is to decouple transport-protocols from network-layer changes. 4. Implementation Considerations Implementers may use any internal implementation they wish, provided that the external appearance is the same as this implementation approach. To support ILNPv4, and to retain the incremental deployability and backwards compatibility needed, the network layer needs a Atkinson & Bhatti Expires in 6 months [Page 6] Internet Draft ILNPv4 ICMP 29 May 2012 mode bit in the Transport Control Block (or its equivalent) to track which IP sessions are using the classic IPv4 mode and which IP sessions are using ILNPv4 mode. Further, when supporting ILNPv4, nodes will need to support a Identifier Locator Communication Cache (ILCC) in the network layer as described in [ILNP-ENG]. A node sending an ICMP Locator Update message MUST include all currently valid Locator values in that message. A node receiving a valid ICMP Locator Update message MUST replace the previously current set of Locator values for that correspondent node in its own ILCC with the newly received set of Locator values. Every implementation needs to support a large number of Locator values being sent or received in a single ICMP Locator Update message, because a multi-homed node or multi-homed site might have a large number of upstream links to different service providers, each with its own Locator value. It should be noted that as the ICMP Type uses an experimental value from RFC4727 [RFC4727], care should be taken when using with other protocols also using experimental values. 5. Backwards Compatibility This IPv4 ICMP message uses the same checksum calculations as any other IPv4 ICMP message. When ILNPv4 is not in use, the receiving IPv4 mode MUST discard the ICMP Locator Update packet without processing the packet. 6. SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS Security considerations for the overall ILNP Architecture are described in [ILNP-ARCH]. Additional common security considerations are described in [ILNP-ENG]. This section describes security considerations specific to ILNPv4 topics discussed in this document. The ICMPv4 Locator Update message MUST ONLY be used for ILNPv4 sessions. The ILNPv4 Nonce Option [ILNP-v4OPTS] MUST be present in packets containing an ICMPv4 Locator Update message. Further, the received Nonce Destination Option must contain the correct nonce value for the packet to be accepted by the recipient and then Atkinson & Bhatti Expires in 6 months [Page 7] Internet Draft ILNPv4 ICMP 29 May 2012 passed to the ICMPv4 protocol for processing. If either of these requirements are not met, the received packet MUST be discarded as a forgery, and a security event SHOULD be logged by the system receiving the non-authentic packet. Sessions operating in higher risk environments SHOULD use IP Security for ILNP [ILNP-ENG] [RFC4301] *in addition* to the ILNPv4 Nonce Option. Use of IP Security for ILNP to protect a packet does NOT permit the packet to be sent without the Nonce Option. Implementations need to support the case where a single ICMP Locator Update message contains a large number of Locator and Preference values and ought not develop a security fault (e.g. stack overflow) due to a received message containing more Locator values than expected. If the ILNP Nonce value is predictable, then an off-path attacker might be able to forge data or control packets. This risk also is mitigated by the existing common practice of IP Source Address filtering [RFC2827] [RFC3704]. 7. IANA CONSIDERATIONS This document makes no request of IANA. If in future the IETF decided to standardise ILNPv4, then allocation of a unique ICMP Type for the Locator Update as part of the IETF standardisation process would be sensible. 8. REFERENCES This document has both Normative and Informational References. 8.1 Normative References [ILNP-ARCH] R.J. Atkinson & S.N. Bhatti, "ILNP Architecture", draft-irtf-rrg-ilnp-arch, May 2012. [ILNP-DNS] R.J. Atkinson & S.N. Bhatti, "DNS Resource Records for ILNP", draft-irtf-rrg-ilnp-dns, May 2012. [ILNP-ENG] R.J. Atkinson & S.N. Bhatti, "ILNP Engineering Considerations", draft-irtf-rrg-ilnp-eng, May 2012. [ILNP-v4OPTS] R.J. Atkinson and S.N. Bhatti, "IPv4 Options for ILNPv4", draft-irtf-rrg-ilnp-v4opts, Atkinson & Bhatti Expires in 6 months [Page 8] Internet Draft ILNPv4 ICMP 29 May 2012 May 2012. [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. [RFC2460] S. Deering & R. Hinden, "Internet Protocol Version 6 Specification", RFC2460, December 1998. [RFC4443] A. Conta, S. Deering, and M. Gupta, "Internet Control Message Protocol Version 6 (ICMPv6) Specification", RFC 4443, March 2006. [RFC4301] S. Kent and K. Seo, "Security Architecture for the Internet Protocol", RFC 4301, December 2005. [RFC4727] B. Fenner, "Experimental Values in IPv4, IPv6, ICMPv4, ICMPv6, UDP, and TCP Headers", RFC 4727, Nov 2006. 8.2 Informative References [RFC2827] P. Ferguson and D. Senie, "Network Ingress Filtering: Defeating Denial of Service Attacks which employ IP Source Address Spoofing", RFC 2827, May 2000. [RFC2780] S. Bradner and V. Paxson, "IANA Allocation Guidelines For Values In the Internet Protocol and Related Headers", RFC 2780, March 2000. [RFC3704] F. Baker and P. Savola, "Ingress Filtering for Multihomed Networks", RFC 3704, March 2004. [RFC4884] R. Bonica, D. Gan, D. Tappan, C. Pignataro, "Extended ICMP to Support Multi-Part Messages", RFC 4884, April 2007. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Steve Blake, Stephane Bortzmeyer, Mohamed Boucadair, Noel Chiappa, Wes George, Steve Hailes, Joel Halpern, Mark Handley, Volker Hilt, Paul Jakma, Dae-Young Kim, Tony Li, Yakov Rehkter, Bruce Simpson, Robin Whittle and John Wroclawski (in alphabetical order) provided review and feedback on earlier versions of this document. Steve Blake provided an especially thorough review of an early version of the entire ILNP document set, which was Atkinson & Bhatti Expires in 6 months [Page 9] Internet Draft ILNPv4 ICMP 29 May 2012 extremely helpful. We also wish to thank the anonymous reviewers of the various ILNP papers for their feedback. Roy Arends provided expert guidance on technical and procedural aspects of DNS issues. RFC EDITOR NOTE This section is to be removed prior to publication. Please note that this document is written in British English, so British English spelling is used throughout. This is consistent with existing practice in several other RFCs, for example RFC-5887. This document tries to be very careful with history, in the interest of correctly crediting ideas to their earliest identifiable author(s). So in several places the first published RFC about a topic is cited, rather than the most recent published RFC about that topic. AUTHOR'S ADDRESS RJ Atkinson Consultant San Jose, CA 95125 USA Email: rja.lists@gmail.com SN Bhatti School of Computer Science University of St Andrews North Haugh, St Andrews Fife, Scotland KY16 9SX, UK Email: saleem@cs.st-andrews.ac.uk Expires: 29 NOV 2012 Atkinson & Bhatti Expires in 6 months [Page 10]