TP/IX Working Group R. L. Ullmann
Internet Draft Process Software Corporation
June 7, 1993
Initial AD Assignment Plan
1 Status of this Memo
This memo presents an initial plan for the assignments of
Administrative Domain numbers (ADs) for version 7 of the Internet.
This document is an Internet Draft. Internet Drafts are working
documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its Areas,
and its Working Groups. (Note that other groups may also distribute
working documents as Internet Drafts).
Internet Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months.
Internet Drafts may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other
documents at any time. It is not appropriate to use Internet Drafts
as reference material or to cite them other than as a "working draft"
or "work in progress."
Please check the I-D abstract listing contained in each Internet Draft
directory to learn the current status of this or any other Internet
Draft.
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2 Contents
1 Status of this Memo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
3 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
4 Authority for AD assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
4.1 IANA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
4.2 ISO/ITU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
5 Country blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
6 Specific Non-country Assignments . . . . . . . . . . 5
6.1 Version 4 Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
6.2 Novell IPX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
6.3 IEEE 802 block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
7 Code table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
8 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
9 Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
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3 Introduction
This memo presents the plan for initial assignments of Administrative
Domain numbers for the Version 7 Internet. The objective is to use a
very small amount of space in the numbering system, while providing
the necessary distribution of authority.
This plan defines 4/256ths of the number space to cover the country
blocks, while making initial AD-block assignments for countries
covering only 237/65536ths (0.36%) of the code points available in the
most significant 16 bits.
It is important that future plans be equally conservative; in the next
decade no more than 1/25th of the space need be or should be assigned.
Besides the always-unanticipated future expansion, this provides the
space to re-do the numbering plan entirely if it should become
necessary.
It is certainly true that in 10 years, or 25 years, we shall know a
great deal more about what the numbering plan should look like, and it
is prudent to leave as much of the decision as possible to that time.
4 Authority for AD assignments
AD numbers are assigned out of the same numbering plan as (version 4)
network numbers. As noted in [ID-TPIX] this helps prevent confusion
when the first part of an IPv7 8-octet address is erroneously used as
an IPv4 address. It also may be useful in routing ADs with existing
routing protocols.
4.1 IANA
The initial authority for AD assignements is IANA, the Internet
Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA@ISI.EDU). The IANA may delegate
national blocks with initial octets 220 to 223 in the numbering plan
to national authority when an appropriate organization applies for
them.
The initial AD plan also discusses specific assignments of blocks for
interoperation with numbering plans. Two non-national blocks are
described in the initial numbering plan, one for Novell/IPX, and one
used for IEEE 802 addressing. Each of these would require a
class-B-size number allocation. The specific allocations are not
specified in this plan.
Individual AD numbers should be assigned only when there is an
expectation that the delegated authority will need to assign on the
order of a million network numbers (an AD has space for 16 million
networks), or where a clear division of authority is required (e.g. a
national administration). Note that under the first of those
qualifications, the entire present Internet qualifies as only one AD.
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It is important that the number of ADs be initially limited to perhaps
several hundred, probably aligned with countries. This facilitates
aggregation of routing information given the limitations of present
routing technology in the Internet.
4.2 ISO/ITU
Authority for assignments of ADs should eventually be vested in the
proper international organization, either the ITU and/or the ISO.
This is probably an issue that should eventually be taken up by the
proper committee of the Joint Technical Committee (JTC).
At present, the AD plan borrows an existing numbering plan for
countries, IS 3166. This plan provides for two-letter, three-letter,
and three-digit codes for countries, where a country is a member of
the UN or a (possibly disputed) territory or other area recognized by
the UN. (Note that this includes the idea of the UN simply
recognizing that the area is disputed; see the entity coded "NT" in
the 1988 two-letter code.)
The Internet already uses IS 3166 as the authority for the two-letter
top-level names used in the domain naming system to delegate naming to
national authority.
5 Country blocks
Each country (using the definitions of IS 3166) is assigned a block of
256 AD numbers, i.e. a 16 bit number at the top of the numbering
plan. The specific block number is derived from the three digit code
(ISO-3) assigned by IS 3166. The first octet has value 220 plus ISO-3
divided by 250. The second octet has the value ISO-3 modulo 250.
This assigns AD blocks in the range 220.0 to 223.249.
This is in the very top of the class C range, in a reserved area (see
[RFC1466]). The use of this range is only a proposal; this plan could
be used with any base number presently unallocated, except for the
class D range, due to the unfortunate assignment of "multicast"
semantics known a priori to the IP.
The fact that this assigns "large" blocks in some cases to very small
countries is not considered to be important. (Rather, the premise
that all countries should have equal "importance" in the numbering
system is considered paramount.)
This is not a geographical assignment system. The assignments are
administrative, delegated to national authority. A network assigned
within a country-derived AD may be physically located anywhere. It
is, however, intended to provide a reasonable point of aggregation;
networks and ADs outside the "default" area for the block will
increase the demands on the routing system.
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While it is advisable for a country to assign individual ADs, there is
nothing to preclude a national plan using the entire country block;
that decision is specifically reserved to the national authority. The
question as to whether the numbering plan within the ADs or block
should be correlated with topology, geography, or other constraints is
also reserved to national authority. It should be kept in mind that
the DNS architecture requires that major authority delegations be made
on octet boundaries.
Certain large countries may need additional block assignments
eventually. If the ISO or ITU authority is established at that time,
assignments will be made by the appropriate procedure within ISO
and/or the ITU. If not, the national authority should apply to the
IANA, requesting information on where and how to proceed.
6 Specific Non-country Assignments
There are several assignments of ADs or blocks for specific
compatibility with existing plans. As mentioned previously, these are
allocated by IANA within the existing assigned numbers plan; an AD
requires the equivalent of a class C assignment, a block requires a
class B assignment.
6.1 Version 4 Zone
The AD 192.0.0 is assigned to the present Version 4 numbering plan.
This AD has a specific plan for assignments within it: the first 24
bits are the AD (192.0.0), the next 8-24 bits are a network number,
each assigned to a specific organization, and the remaining 16-40 bits
are assigned to subnets and hosts by authority reserved to the
specific organization.
6.2 Novell IPX
The internetwork protocol (IPX) used by products of Novell Corporation
and other vendors making interoperable software have used a 32-bit LAN
network number, implicitly concatenated with the 48 bit MAC layer
address to form an internet address. The network numbers were not
assigned by any central authority, and thus were not useful for
inter-organizational traffic without substantial prior arrangement.
There is now an authority, established by Novell, to assign unique
32-bit numbers and blocks of numbers, to organizations that desire the
ability to do inter-organization networking with the IPX protocol.
Novell has also standardized the encapsulation of IPX over the
Internet Protocol. [RFC1234]
The Novell/IPX numbering plan is assigned the block (tba) within the
Version 7 numbering plan. It has a specific structure for numbering
within the block: the first 16 bits are the Novell/IPX block number,
the next 32 bits are the unique network number assigned to the LAN,
and the last 16 bits are a host number assigned, probably by a (to be
specified) dynamic method within the LAN.
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The existance of a number within the Novell/IPX block for a host does
not imply that the host is Novell protocol capable. The numbers are
equally useful for both IP version 7 and IPX.
The dynamic method for local address assignment might be specific to
IPX, or it might be the general method used for any IPv7 local network
with 16 bits of host number.
While the assignment of a block, rather than a single AD number, is
exceptional, in view of the very large base of Novell systems it seems
reasonable to accomodate the 32-bit IPX network numbers directly.
In particular, RAP can be used to route IPv4, IPv7, and IPX/IPv7
traffic in a combined network.
6.3 IEEE 802 block
The IEEE block provides a local address for any host with a LAN
interface. The address format is as follows: the first 16 bits are
the block number (tba), the remaining 48 bits are the address assigned
to the host (or interface card, which is more typical). The 802
address is in canonical bit order [ref tbs].
Because addresses in this block do not have any useable structure, the
host is unlikely to be able to communicate beyond the local network.
The routing protocol may propagate routes to individual hosts a short
distance (i.e. into adjacent LANs) but is unlikely to advertise them
very widely.
The primary use for addresses in this block is to give hosts an
immediately useable address, without any prior configuration. This
permits the host to then initiate an auto-configuration protocol with
a local net manager, authenticate itself, and find out or register its
name and/or wide area Internet address.
The block also provides a permanent address for simple hosts that do
not want to communicate off of the LAN, such as a toaster. Use of an
address within this block does not provide actual security, and MUST
NOT be used in an attempt to prevent access except (e.g.) via an
application relay: the routing protocol(s) MAY propagate a route to
the host an arbitrary distance. Hosts that begin with an 802 derived
address and then do autoconfiguration SHOULD continue to recognize the
address after the configuration is complete, and MAY originate new
traffic from that address.
Hosts using an address in this block MUST be capable of replying to
ARP requests. Hosts trying to reach such a host MUST use ARP (or
other defined ES-IS-like protocol specified for the media) to resolve
the address (and, implicitly, determine which interface to use to
reach the other host). They MUST NOT extract the 802 address from the
IPv7 address.
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Digression: note that there is a presumption here that it is
reasonable behavior for any host or router to ARP for an address that
it has no particular route for. In the presence of general proxy-ARP,
this is indeed a reasonable idea, given that someone out there may be
able to reply. This means that a TP/IX-IPv7 host need not give
addresses in this block special treatment in the IP layer route
resolution.
In the future, as "addresses" are pushed more toward the proper role
as endpoint-identifiers, and not used to route datagrams, this block
may become more useful.
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7 Code table
Admin Domain Block ISO-3 Country
220.004 004 AF Afghanistan
220.008 008 AL Albania
220.010 010 AQ Antarctica
220.012 012 DZ Algeria
220.016 016 AS American Samoa
220.020 020 AD Andorra
220.024 024 AO Angola
220.028 028 AG Antigua And Barbuda
220.031 031 AZ Azerbaijan
220.032 032 AR Argentina
220.036 036 AU Australia
220.040 040 AT Austria
220.044 044 BS Bahamas
220.048 048 BH Bahrain
220.050 050 BD Bangladesh
220.051 051 AM Armenia
220.052 052 BB Barbados
220.056 056 BE Belgium
220.060 060 BM Bermuda
220.064 064 BT Bhutan
220.068 068 BO Bolivia
[tba by UN] BA Bosnia Hercegovina
220.072 072 BW Botswana
220.074 074 BV Bouvet Island
220.076 076 BR Brazil
220.084 084 BZ Belize
220.086 086 IO British Indian Ocean Territory
220.090 090 SB Solomon Islands
220.092 092 VG Virgin Islands (British)
220.096 096 BN Brunei Darussalam
220.100 100 BG Bulgaria
220.104 104 MM Myanmar
220.108 108 BI Burundi
220.112 112 BY Belarus
220.112 112 BY Byelorussian Ssr
220.116 116 KH Cambodia
220.120 120 CM Cameroon
220.124 124 CA Canada
220.132 132 CV Cape Verde
220.136 136 KY Cayman Islands
220.140 140 CF Central African Republic
220.144 144 LK Sri Lanka
220.148 148 TD Chad
220.152 152 CL Chile
220.156 156 CN China
220.158 158 TW Taiwan, Province Of China
220.162 162 CX Christmas Island
220.166 166 CC Cocos (Keeling) Islands
220.170 170 CO Colombia
220.174 174 KM Comoros
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220.178 178 CG Congo
220.180 180 ZR Zaire
220.184 184 CK Cook Islands
220.188 188 CR Costa Rica
[tba by UN] HR Croatia (Hrvatska)
220.192 192 CU Cuba
220.196 196 CY Cyprus
220.200 200 CS Czechoslovakia
220.204 204 BJ Benin
220.208 208 DK Denmark
220.212 212 DM Dominica
220.214 214 DO Dominican Republic
220.218 218 EC Ecuador
220.222 222 SV El Salvador
220.226 226 GQ Equatorial Guinea
[tba by UN] [tba] Eritrea
220.230 230 ET Ethiopia
220.233 233 EE Estonia
220.234 234 FO Faroe Islands
220.238 238 FK Falkland Islands (Malvinas)
220.242 242 FJ Fiji
220.246 246 FI Finland
221.000 250 FR France
221.004 254 GF French Guiana
221.008 258 PF French Polynesia
221.010 260 TF French Southern Territories
221.012 262 DJ Djibouti
221.016 266 GA Gabon
221.018 268 GE Georgia
221.020 270 GM Gambia
221.026 276 DE Germany
221.038 288 GH Ghana
221.042 292 GI Gibraltar
221.046 296 KI Kiribati
221.050 300 GR Greece
221.054 304 GL Greenland
221.058 308 GD Grenada
221.062 312 GP Guadeloupe
221.066 316 GU Guam
221.070 320 GT Guatemala
221.074 324 GN Guinea
221.078 328 GY Guyana
221.082 332 HT Haiti
221.084 334 HM Heard And Mc Donald Islands
221.086 336 VA Vatican City State (Holy See)
221.090 340 HN Honduras
221.094 344 HK Hong Kong
221.098 348 HU Hungary
221.102 352 IS Iceland
221.106 356 IN India
221.110 360 ID Indonesia
221.114 364 IR Iran (Islamic Republic Of)
221.118 368 IQ Iraq
221.122 372 IE Ireland
221.126 376 IL Israel
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221.130 380 IT Italy
221.134 384 CI Cote D'Ivoire
221.138 388 JM Jamaica
221.142 392 JP Japan
221.148 398 KZ Kazakhstan
221.150 400 JO Jordan
221.154 404 KE Kenya
221.158 408 KP Korea, Democratic People's Republic Of
221.160 410 KR Korea, Republic Of
221.164 414 KW Kuwait
221.167 417 KG Kyrgyzstan
221.168 418 LA Lao People's Democratic Republic
221.172 422 LB Lebanon
221.176 426 LS Lesotho
221.178 428 LV Latvia
221.180 430 LR Liberia
221.184 434 LY Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
221.188 438 LI Liechtenstein
221.190 440 LT Lithuania
221.192 442 LU Luxembourg
221.196 446 MO Macau
221.200 450 MG Madagascar
221.204 454 MW Malawi
221.208 458 MY Malaysia
221.212 462 MV Maldives
221.216 466 ML Mali
221.220 470 MT Malta
221.224 474 MQ Martinique
221.228 478 MR Mauritania
221.230 480 MU Mauritius
221.234 484 MX Mexico
221.242 492 MC Monaco
221.246 496 MN Mongolia
221.248 498 MD Moldova, Republic Of
222.000 500 MS Montserrat
222.004 504 MA Morocco
222.008 508 MZ Mozambique
222.012 512 OM Oman
222.016 516 NA Namibia
222.020 520 NR Nauru
222.024 524 NP Nepal
222.028 528 NL Netherlands
222.032 532 AN Netherlands Antilles
222.033 533 AW Aruba
222.036 536 NT Neutral Zone
222.040 540 NC New Caledonia
222.048 548 VU Vanuatu
222.054 554 NZ New Zealand
222.058 558 NI Nicaragua
222.062 562 NE Niger
222.066 566 NG Nigeria
222.070 570 NU Niue
222.074 574 NF Norfolk Island
222.078 578 NO Norway
222.080 580 MP Northern Mariana Islands
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222.081 581 UM United States Minor Outlying Islands
222.083 583 FM Micronesia
222.084 584 MH Marshall Islands
222.085 585 PW Palau
222.086 586 PK Pakistan
222.090 590 PA Panama
222.098 598 PG Papua New Guinea
222.100 600 PY Paraguay
222.104 604 PE Peru
222.108 608 PH Philippines
222.112 612 PN Pitcairn
222.116 616 PL Poland
222.120 620 PT Portugal
222.124 624 GW Guinea-Bissau
222.126 626 TP East Timor
222.130 630 PR Puerto Rico
222.134 634 QA Qatar
222.138 638 RE Reunion
222.142 642 RO Romania
222.143 643 RU Russian Federation
222.146 646 RW Rwanda
222.154 654 SH St. Helena
222.159 659 KN Saint Kitts And Nevis
222.160 660 AI Anguilla
222.162 662 LC Saint Lucia
222.166 666 PM St. Pierre And Miquelon
222.170 670 VC Saint Vincent And The Grenadines
222.174 674 SM San Marino
222.178 678 ST Sao Tome And Principe
222.182 682 SA Saudi Arabia
222.186 686 SN Senegal
222.190 690 SC Seychelles
222.194 694 SL Sierra Leone
222.202 702 SG Singapore
[tba by UN] SI Slovenia
222.204 704 VN Viet Nam
222.206 706 SO Somalia
222.210 710 ZA South Africa
222.216 716 ZW Zimbabwe
222.224 724 ES Spain
222.232 732 EH Western Sahara
222.236 736 SD Sudan
222.240 740 SR Suriname
222.244 744 SJ Svalbard And Jan Mayen Islands
222.248 748 SZ Swaziland
223.002 752 SE Sweden
223.006 756 CH Switzerland
223.010 760 SY Syrian Arab Republic
223.012 762 TJ Tajikistan
223.014 764 TH Thailand
223.018 768 TG Togo
223.022 772 TK Tokelau
223.026 776 TO Tonga
223.030 780 TT Trinidad And Tobago
223.034 784 AE United Arab Emirates
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223.038 788 TN Tunisia
223.042 792 TR Turkey
223.045 795 TM Turkmenistan
223.046 796 TC Turks And Caicos Islands
223.048 798 TV Tuvalu
223.050 800 UG Uganda
223.054 804 UA Ukrainian Ssr
223.060 810 SU Ussr
223.068 818 EG Egypt
223.076 826 GB United Kingdom
223.084 834 TZ Tanzania, United Republic Of
223.090 840 US United States
223.100 850 VI Virgin Islands (U.S.)
223.104 854 BF Burkina Faso
223.108 858 UY Uruguay
223.110 860 UZ Uzbekistan
223.112 862 VE Venezuela
223.126 876 WF Wallis And Futuna Islands
223.132 882 WS Samoa
223.137 887 YE Yemen, Republic Of
223.140 890 YU Yugoslavia
223.144 894 ZM Zambia
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8 References
[IS 3166] International Organization for Standardization. Codes
for the Representation of Names of Countries. ISO
3166, ISO, 1988.
[RFC1234] D. Provan. Tunneling IPX Traffic through IP Networks.
Novell, Inc. June, 1991.
[RFC1466] E. Gerich. Guidelines for Managemnet of IP Address
Space. Merit. May, 1993.
[ID-TPIX] Robert Ullmann. TP/IX: The Next Internet. Internet
draft: unpublished at this writing. March, 1993.
[ID-RAP] Robert Ullmann. RAP: Internet Route Access Protocol.
Internet draft: unpublished at this writing. March,
1993.
9 Author's Address
Robert Ullmann
Process Software Corporation
959 Concord Street
Framingham, MA 01701
USA
Phone: +1 508 879 6994 x226
Email: Ariel@Process.COM
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