Network Working Group P. Hunt, Ed. Internet-Draft Oracle Intended status: Standards Track K. Grizzle Expires: April 23, 2015 SailPoint M. Ansari Cisco E. Wahlstroem Nexus Technology C. Mortimore Salesforce October 20, 2014 System for Cross-Domain Identity Management: Protocol draft-ietf-scim-api-12 Abstract The System for Cross-Domain Identity Management (SCIM) specification is an HTTP based protocol that makes managing identities in multi- domain scenarios easier to support through a standardized services. Examples include but are not limited to enterprise to cloud service providers, and inter-cloud based scenarios. The specification suite seeks to build upon experience with existing schemas and deployments, placing specific emphasis on simplicity of development and integration, while applying existing authentication, authorization, and privacy models. SCIM's intent is to reduce the cost and complexity of user management operations by providing a common user schema and extension model and a service protocol defined by this document. Status of This Memo This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet- Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." This Internet-Draft will expire on April 23, 2015. Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 1] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2014 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License. Table of Contents 1. Introduction and Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.1. Intended Audience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.2. Notational Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.3. Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2. Authentication and Authorization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3. SCIM Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.1. Creating Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3.1.1. Resource Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3.2. Retrieving Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3.2.1. Retrieving a known Resource . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.2.2. Query Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3.2.3. Querying Resources Using HTTP POST . . . . . . . . . 21 3.3. Modifying Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 3.3.1. Replacing with PUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 3.3.2. Modifying with PATCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 3.4. Deleting Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 3.5. Bulk Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 3.5.1. Circular Reference Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 3.5.2. BulkdId Temporary Identifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 3.5.3. Response and Error Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 3.5.4. Maximum Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 3.6. Data Input/Output Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 3.7. Additional Operation Response Parameters . . . . . . . . 58 3.8. Attribute Notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 3.9. "/Me" Authenticated Subject Alias . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 3.10. HTTP Status and Error Response Handling . . . . . . . . . 60 3.11. API Versioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 3.12. Versioning Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 4. Preparation and Comparison of Internationalized Strings . . . 66 5. Multi-Tenancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 5.1. Associating Clients to Tenants . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 2] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 5.2. SCIM Identifiers with Multiple Tenants . . . . . . . . . 68 6. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 6.1. TLS Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 6.2. Disclosure of Sensitive Information in URIs . . . . . . . 68 6.3. Anonymous Requests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 6.4. HTTP Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 6.5. Secure Storage and Handling of Sensitive Data . . . . . . 70 6.6. Case Insensitive Comparision & International Languages . 71 7. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 7.1. Media Type Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 7.2. SCIM Message URI Registry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 8. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 8.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 8.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Appendix A. Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Appendix B. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Appendix C. Change Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 1. Introduction and Overview The SCIM Protocol is an application-level, HTTP protocol for provisioning and managing identity data on the web and in cross- domain environments such as enterprise to cloud, or inter-cloud scenarios. The protocol supports creation, modification, retrieval, and discovery of core identity resources such as Users and Groups, as well as custom resources and resource extensions. 1.1. Intended Audience This document is intended as a guide to SCIM protocol usage for both SCIM HTTP service providers and HTTP clients who may provision information to service providers or retrieve information from them. 1.2. Notational Conventions The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119]. These keywords are capitalized when used to unambiguously specify requirements of the protocol or application features and behavior that affect the interoperability and security of implementations. When these words are not capitalized, they are meant in their natural-language sense. For purposes of readability examples are not URL encoded. Implementers MUST percent encode URLs as described in Section 2.1 of [RFC3986]. Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 3] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 Throughout this documents all figures MAY contain spaces and extra line-wrapping for readability and space limitations. Similarly, some URI's contained within examples, have been shortened for space and readability reasons. 1.3. Definitions Base URI The SCIM HTTP protocol is described in terms of a path relative to a Base URI. The Base URI MUST NOT contain a query string as clients may append additional path information and query parameters as part of forming the request. The base URI most often is a URL which most often consists of the "https" protocol scheme, a domain name and some initial path [RFC3986]. Example: "https://example.com/scim/" For readability, all examples in this document are expressed assuming the SCIM service root and the server root are the same (no path pre-fix). It is expected that SCIM servers may be deployed using any URI path prefix. For example, a SCIM server might be have a prefix of "https://example.com/", or "https://example.com/scim/tenancypath/". Additionally client may also apply a version number to the server root prefix (see Section 3.11 ). 2. Authentication and Authorization Because SCIM builds on the HTTP protocol, it does not itself define a scheme for authentication and authorization. SCIM depends on standard HTTP authentication schemes. Implementers SHOULD support existing authentication/authorization schemes. In particular, OAuth2 (see [RFC6749], [RFC6750]) is RECOMMENDED. Appropriate security considerations of the selected authentication and authorization schemes SHOULD be taken. Because this protocol uses HTTP response status codes as the primary means of reporting the result of a request, servers are advised to respond to unauthorized or unauthenticated requests using the 401 response code in accordance with Section 3.1 of [RFC7235]. All examples show an OAuth2 bearer token [RFC6750] (though it is not required); e.g., GET /Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646 HTTP/1.1 Host: example.com Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8 When processing requests, the service provider SHOULD consider the subject performing the request and whether the action is appropriate Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 4] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 given the subject and the resource affected by the request. The subject performing the request is usually determined from the "Authorization" header present in the request. 3. SCIM Protocol The SCIM protocol specifies well-known endpoints and HTTP methods for managing resources defined in the core schema; i.e., "User" and "Group" resources correspond to "/Users" and "/Groups" respectively. Service providers that support extended resources SHOULD define resource endpoints using the convention of pluralizing the resource name defined in the extended schema by appending an 's'. Given there are cases where resource pluralization is ambiguous; e.g., a resource named "Person" is legitimately "Persons" and "People". Clients SHOULD discover resource endpoints via the "/ResourceTypes" endpoint. GET Retrieves one or more complete or partial resources. POST Depending on the endpoint, creates new resources, create a search request, or may be used to bulk modify resources. PUT Modifies a resource by replacing existing attributes with a specified set of replacement attributes (replace). PUT MUST NOT be used to create new resources. PATCH Modifies a resource with a set of client specified changes (partial update). DELETE Deletes a resource. Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 5] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 Resource Endpoint Operations Description -------- ---------------- ---------------------- -------------------- User /Users GET (Section 3.2.1), Retrieve, Add, POST (Section 3.1), Modify Users PUT (Section 3.3.1), PATCH (Section 3.3.2), DELETE (Section 3.4) Group /Groups GET (Section 3.2.1), Retrieve, Add, POST (Section 3.1), Modify Groups PUT (Section 3.3.1), PATCH (Section 3.3.2), DELETE (Section 3.4) Service /ServiceProvider GET (Section 3.2.1) Retrieve service Provider Configs provider's Config configuration Resource /ResourceTypes GET (Section 3.2.1) Retrieve supported Type resource types Schema /Schemas GET (Section 3.2.1) Retrieve one or more supported schemas. Bulk /Bulk POST (Section 3.5) Bulk updates to one or more resources Search [prefix]/.search POST (Section 3.2.3) Search from system root or within a resource endpoint for one or more resource types using POST. Table 1: Defined endpoints All requests to the service provider are made via HTTP Methods as per Section 4.3 [RFC7231] on a URL derived from the Base URL. Responses are returned in the body of the HTTP response, formatted as JSON. Error status codes SHOULD be transmitted via the HTTP status code of the response (if possible), and SHOULD also be specified in the body of the response (see Section 3.10). 3.1. Creating Resources To create new resources, clients send HTTP POST requests to the resource endpoint such as: "/Users" or "/Groups". The server SHALL process attributes according to the following mutability rules: o For attributes in the request body, whose mutability is "readOnly", SHALL be ignored. Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 6] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 o For attributes whose mutability is "readWrite", that are omitted from the request body, MAY be assumed to be not asserted by the client. The service provider MAY assign a default value to non- asserted attributes in the final resource representation. o Service providers MAY take into account whether a client has access to, or understands, all of the resource's attributes when deciding whether non-asserted attributes should be defaulted. Clients that intend to override server defaulted values for attributes MAY specify "null" for a single-valued attribute or an empty array "[]" for a multi-valued attribute to clear all values. When the service provider successfully creates the new resource, an HTTP response SHALL be returned with HTTP status "201" ("Created"). The response body SHOULD contain the service provider's representation of the newly created resource. The URI of the created resource SHALL included in the HTTP "Location" header and in JSON resource representation under the attribute "meta.location". Since the server is free to alter and/or ignore POSTed content, returning the full representation can be useful to the client, enabling it to correlate the client and server views of the new resource. If the service provider determines creation of the requested resource conflicts with existing resources; e.g., a "User" resource with a duplicate "userName", the service provider MUST return an HTTP Status 409, with "scimType" error code of "uniqueness" as per Section 3.10. Below, in the following example, a client sends a POST request containing a "User" to the "/Users" endpoint. POST /Users HTTP/1.1 Host: example.com Accept: application/scim+json Content-Type: application/scim+json Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8 Content-Length: ... { "schemas":["urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:User"], "userName":"bjensen", "externalId":"bjensen", "name":{ "formatted":"Ms. Barbara J Jensen III", "familyName":"Jensen", "givenName":"Barbara" } } Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 7] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 In response to the example request above, the server signals a successful creation with an HTTP status code 201 (Created) and returns a representation of the resource created. HTTP/1.1 201 Created Content-Type: application/scim+json Location: https://example.com/v2/Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646 ETag: W/"e180ee84f0671b1" { "schemas":["urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:User"], "id":"2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646", "externalId":"bjensen", "meta":{ "resourceType":"User", "created":"2011-08-01T21:32:44.882Z", "lastModified":"2011-08-01T21:32:44.882Z", "location": "https://example.com/v2/Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646", "version":"W\/\"e180ee84f0671b1\"" }, "name":{ "formatted":"Ms. Barbara J Jensen III", "familyName":"Jensen", "givenName":"Barbara" }, "userName":"bjensen" } 3.1.1. Resource Types When adding a resource to a specific endpoint, the meta attribute "resourceType" SHALL be set by the HTTP service provider to the corresponding resource type for the endpoint. For example, "/Users" will set "resourceType" to "User", and "/Groups" will set "resourceType" to "Group". 3.2. Retrieving Resources Resources are retrieved via opaque, unique URLs or via Query. The attributes returned are defined in the server's attribute schema (see Section 10 [I-D.ietf-scim-core-schema]) and request parameters (see Section 3.7). By default, resource attributes returned in a response are those whose schema "returned" setting is "always" or "default". Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 8] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 3.2.1. Retrieving a known Resource To retrieve a known resource, clients send GET requests to the resource endpoint; e.g., "/Users/{id}" or "/Groups/{id}", or "/Schemas/{id}". If the resource exists the server responds with HTTP Status code 200 (OK) and includes the result in the body of the response. The below example retrieves a single User via the "/Users" endpoint. GET /Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646 Host: example.com Accept: application/scim+json Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8 The server responds with: Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 9] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-Type: application/scim+json Location: https://example.com/v2/Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646 ETag: W/"f250dd84f0671c3" { "schemas":["urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:User"], "id":"2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646", "externalId":"bjensen", "meta":{ "resourceType":"User", "created":"2011-08-01T18:29:49.793Z", "lastModified":"2011-08-01T18:29:49.793Z", "location": "https://example.com/v2/Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646", "version":"W\/\"f250dd84f0671c3\"" }, "name":{ "formatted":"Ms. Barbara J Jensen III", "familyName":"Jensen", "givenName":"Barbara" }, "userName":"bjensen", "phoneNumbers":[ { "value":"555-555-8377", "type":"work" } ], "emails":[ { "value":"bjensen@example.com", "type":"work" } ] } 3.2.2. Query Resources The SCIM protocol defines a standard set of query parameters that can be used to filter, sort, and paginate to return zero or more resources in a query response. Queries MAY be made against a single resource or a resource type endpoint (e.g. "/Users"). SCIM service providers MAY support additional query parameters not specified here and SHOULD ignore any query parameters they do not recognize. Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 10] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 Responses MUST be identified using the following URI: "urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:ListResponse". The following attributes are defined for responses: totalResults The total number of results returned by the list or query operation. This may not be equal to the number of elements in the resources attribute of the list response if pagination (Section 3.2.2.4) is requested. REQUIRED. Resources A multi-valued list of complex objects containing the requested resources. This may be a subset of the full set of resources if pagination (Section 3.2.2.4) is requested. REQUIRED if "totalResults" is non-zero. startIndex The 1-based index of the first result in the current set of list results. REQUIRED when partial results returned due to pagination. itemsPerPage The number of resources returned in a list response page. REQUIRED when partial results returned due to pagination. A query that does not return any matches SHALL return success (HTTP Status 200) with "totalResults" set to a value of 0. The query example below requests the userName for all Users: GET /Users?attributes=userName Host: example.com Accept: application/scim+json Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8 The following is an example response to the query above: HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-Type: application/scim+json { "schemas":["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:ListResponse"], "totalResults":2, "Resources":[ { "userName":"bjensen" }, { "userName":"jsmith" } ] } Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 11] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 3.2.2.1. Query Endpoints Queries MAY be performed against a SCIM resource object, a resource type endpoint, or a SCIM server root. For example: "/Users/{id}" "/Users" "/Groups" A query against a server root indicates that ALL resources within the server SHALL be included subject to filtering. A filter expression using "meta.resourceType" MAY be used to restrict results to one or more specific resource types (to exclude others). For example: filter=(meta.resourceType eq User) or (meta.resourceType eq Group) If a SCIM service provider determines that too many results would be returned (e.g. because a client queried a resource type endpoint or the server base URI), the server SHALL reject the request by returning an HTTP response with "status" 400 and json attribute "scimType" set to "tooMany" (see Table 8). When processing query operations across endpoints that include more than one SCIM resource type (e.g. a query from the server root endpoint), filters MUST be processed as outlined in Section 3.2.2.2. For filtered attributes that are not part of a particular resource type, the service provider SHALL treat the attribute as if there is no attribute value. For example, a presence or equality filter for an undefined attribute evaluates as FALSE. 3.2.2.2. Filtering Filtering is an OPTIONAL parameter for SCIM service providers. Clients MAY discover service provider filter capabilities by looking at the "filter" attribute of the "ServiceProviderConfig" (see Section 8 [I-D.ietf-scim-core-schema]). Clients MAY request a subset of resources by specifying the "filter" query parameter containing a filter expression. When specified only those resources matching the filter expression SHALL be returned. The expression language that is used in the filter parameter supports references to attributes and literals. Attribute names and attribute operators used in filters are case insensitive. For example, the following two expressions will evaluate to the same logical value: Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 12] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 filter=userName Eq "john" filter=Username eq "john" The filter parameter MUST contain at least one valid Boolean expression. Each expression MUST contain an attribute name followed by an attribute operator and optional value. Multiple expressions MAY be combined using the two logical operators. Furthermore expressions can be grouped together using "()". The operators supported in the expression are listed in the following table. +----------+-------------+------------------------------------------+ | Operator | Description | Behavior | +----------+-------------+------------------------------------------+ | eq | equal | The attribute and operator values must | | | | be identical for a match. | | ne | not equal | The attribute and operator values are | | | | not identical. | | co | contains | The entire operator value must be a | | | | substring of the attribute value for a | | | | match. | | sw | starts with | The entire operator value must be a | | | | substring of the attribute value, | | | | starting at the beginning of the | | | | attribute value. This criterion is | | | | satisfied if the two strings are | | | | identical. | | ew | ends with | The entire operator value must be a | | | | substring of the attribute value, | | | | matching at the end of the attribute | | | | value. This criterion is satisfied if | | | | the two strings are identical. | | pr | present | If the attribute has a non-empty or non- | | | (has value) | null value, or if it contains a non- | | | | empty node for complex attributes there | | | | is a match. | | gt | greater | If the attribute value is greater than | | | than | operator value, there is a match. The | | | | actual comparison is dependent on the | | | | attribute type. For string attribute | | | | types, this is a lexicographical | | | | comparison and for DateTime types, it is | | | | a chronological comparison. For Integer | | | | attributes it is a comparison by numeric | | | | value. Boolean and Binary attributes | | | | SHALL cause a failed response (HTTP | Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 13] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 | | | Status 400) with scimType of | | | | invlaidFiler. | | ge | greater | If the attribute value is greater than | | | than or | or equal to the operator value, there is | | | equal | a match. The actual comparison is | | | | dependent on the attribute type. For | | | | string attribute types, this is a | | | | lexicographical comparison and for | | | | DateTime types, it is a chronological | | | | comparison. For Integer attributes it is | | | | a comparison by numeric value. Boolean | | | | and Binary attributes SHALL cause a | | | | failed response (HTTP Status 400) with | | | | scimType of invlaidFiler. | | lt | less than | If the attribute value is less than | | | | operator value, there is a match. The | | | | actual comparison is dependent on the | | | | attribute type. For string attribute | | | | types, this is a lexicographical | | | | comparison and for DateTime types, it is | | | | a chronological comparison. For Integer | | | | attributes it is a comparison by numeric | | | | value. Boolean and Binary attributes | | | | SHALL cause a failed response (HTTP | | | | Status 400) with scimType of | | | | invlaidFiler. | | le | less than | If the attribute value is less than or | | | or equal | equal to the operator value, there is a | | | | match. The actual comparison is | | | | dependent on the attribute type. For | | | | string attribute types, this is a | | | | lexicographical comparison and for | | | | DateTime types, it is a chronological | | | | comparison. For Integer attributes it is | | | | a comparison by numeric value. Boolean | | | | and Binary attributes SHALL cause a | | | | failed response (HTTP Status 400) with | | | | scimType of invlaidFiler. | +----------+-------------+------------------------------------------+ Table 2: Attribute Operators Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 14] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 +----------+-------------+------------------------------------------+ | Operator | Description | Behavior | +----------+-------------+------------------------------------------+ | and | Logical And | The filter is only a match if both | | | | expressions evaluate to true. | | or | Logical or | The filter is a match if either | | | | expression evaluates to true. | | not | Not | The filter is a match if the expression | | | function | evaluates to false. | +----------+-------------+------------------------------------------+ Table 3: Logical Operators +----------+-------------+------------------------------------------+ | Operator | Description | Behavior | +----------+-------------+------------------------------------------+ | ( ) | Precedence | Boolean expressions may be grouped using | | | grouping | parentheses to change the standard order | | | | of operations; i.e., evaluate OR logical | | | | operators before logical AND operators. | | [ ] | Complex | Service providers MAY support complex | | | attribute | filters where expressions MUST be | | | filter | applied to the same value of a parent | | | grouping | attribute specified immediately before | | | | the left square bracket ("["). The | | | | expression within square brackets ("[" | | | | and "]") MUST be a valid filter | | | | expression based upon sub-attributes of | | | | the parent attribute. Nested expressions | | | | MAY be used. See examples below. | +----------+-------------+------------------------------------------+ Table 4: Grouping Operators Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 15] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 SCIM filters MUST conform to the following ABNF rules as per [RFC5234] below: FILTER = attrExp / logExp / valuePath / *1"not" "(" FILTER ")" valuePath = attrPath "[" FILTER "]" ; FILTER uses sub-attribs of a parent attrPath ATTRNAME = ALPHA *(nameChar) nameChar = "-" / "_" / DIGIT / ALPHA attrPath = [URI ":"] ATTRNAME *1subAttr ; SCIM attribute name ; URI is SCIM "schema" URI subAttr = "." ATTRNAME ; a sub-attribute of a complex attribute attrExp = (attrPath SP "pr") / (attrPath SP compareOp SP compValue) compValue = false / null / true / number / string ; rules from JSON (RFC7159) compareOp = "eq" / "ne" / "co" / "sw" / "ew" / "gt" / "lt" / "ge" / "le" logExp = FILTER ("and" / "or") FILTER Figure 1: ABNF Specification of SCIM Filters In the above ABNF, the "compValue" (comparison value) rule is built on JSON Data Interchange format ABNF rules as specified in [RFC7159], "DIGIT" and "ALPHA" are defined per Appendix B.1 of [RFC5234] and, "URI" is defined per Appendix A of [RFC3986]. Filters MUST be evaluated using standard order of operations [Order-Operations]. Attribute operators have the highest precedence, followed by the grouping operator (i.e, parentheses), followed by the logical AND operator, followed by the logical OR operator. If the specified attribute in a filter expression is a multi-valued attribute, the resource MUST match if any of the instances of the given attribute match the specified criterion; e.g. if a User has multiple emails values, only one has to match for the entire User to Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 16] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 match. For complex attributes, a fully qualified Sub-Attribute MUST be specified using standard attribute notation (Section 3.8). For example, to filter by userName the parameter value is userName and to filter by first name, the parameter value is name.givenName. Providers MAY support additional filter operations if they choose. Providers MUST decline to filter results if the specified filter operation is not recognized and return a HTTP 400 error with an appropriate human readable response. For example, if a client specified an unsupported operator named 'regex' the service provider should specify an error response description identifying the client error; e.g., 'The operator 'regex' is not supported.' String type attributes are case insensitive by default unless the attribute type is defined as case exact. Attribute comparison operators 'eq', 'co', and 'sw' MUST perform caseIgnore matching for all string attributes unless the attribute is defined as case exact. By default all string attributes are case insensitive. Clients MAY query by schema or schema extensions by using a filter expression including the "schemas" attribute. Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 17] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 The following are examples of valid filters. Some attributes (e.g. rooms and rooms.number) are hypothetical extensions and are not part of SCIM core schema: filter=userName eq "bjensen" filter=name.familyName co "O'Malley" filter=userName sw "J" filter=title pr filter=meta.lastModified gt "2011-05-13T04:42:34Z" filter=meta.lastModified ge "2011-05-13T04:42:34Z" filter=meta.lastModified lt "2011-05-13T04:42:34Z" filter=meta.lastModified le "2011-05-13T04:42:34Z" filter=title pr and userType eq "Employee" filter=title pr or userType eq "Intern" filter= schemas eq "urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:extension:enterprise:2.0:User" filter=userType eq "Employee" and (emails co "example.com" or emails co "example.org") filter=userType ne "Employee" and not (emails co "example.com" or emails co "example.org") filter=userType eq "Employee" and (emails.type eq "work") filter=userType eq "Employee" and emails[type eq "work" and value co "@example.com"] filter=emails[type eq "work" and value co "@example.com"] or ims[type eq "xmpp" and value co "@foo.com"] filter=addresses[state eq "CA" and rooms[type eq "bedroom" and number gt 2]] Figure 2: Example Filters Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 18] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 3.2.2.3. Sorting Sort is OPTIONAL. Sorting allows clients to specify the order in which resources are returned by specifying a combination of sortBy and sortOrder URL parameters. sortBy: The sortBy parameter specifies the attribute whose value SHALL be used to order the returned responses. If the sortBy attribute corresponds to a singular attribute, resources are sorted according to that attribute's value; if it's a multi-valued attribute, resources are sorted by the value of the primary attribute (see Section 2.2 [I-D.ietf-scim-core-schema]), if any, or else the first value in the list, if any. If the attribute is complex the attribute name must be a path to a sub-attribute in standard attribute notation (Section 3.8) ; e.g., "sortBy=name.givenName". For all attribute types, if there is no data for the specified "sortBy" value they are sorted via the "sortOrder" parameter; i.e., they are ordered last if ascending and first if descending. sortOrder: The order in which the sortBy parameter is applied. Allowed values are "ascending" and "descending". If a value for sortBy is provided and no sortOrder is specified, the sortOrder SHALL default to ascending. String type attributes are case insensitive by default unless the attribute type is defined as a case exact string. "sortOrder" MUST sort according to the attribute type; i.e., for case insensitive attributes, sort the result using case insensitive, unicode alphabetic sort order, with no specific locale implied and for case exact attribute types, sort the result using case sensitive, Unicode alphabetic sort order. 3.2.2.4. Pagination Pagination parameters can be used together to "page through" large numbers of resources so as not to overwhelm the client or service provider. Pagination is not session based hence clients SHOULD never assume repeatable results. For example, a request for a list of 10 resources beginning with a startIndex of 1 may return different results when repeated as a resource in the original result could be deleted or new ones could be added in-between requests. Pagination parameters and general behavior are derived from the OpenSearch Protocol [OpenSearch]. The following table describes the URL pagination parameters. Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 19] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 +------------+----------------------------+-------------------------+ | Parameter | Description | Default | +------------+----------------------------+-------------------------+ | startIndex | The 1-based index of the | 1 | | | first query result. A | | | | value less than 1 SHALL be | | | | interpreted as 1. | | | count | Non-negative Integer. | None. When specified | | | Specifies the desired | the service provider | | | maximum number of query | MUST NOT return more | | | results per page; e.g., | results than specified | | | 10. A negative value SHALL | though MAY return fewer | | | be interpreted as "0". A | results. If | | | value of "0" indicates no | unspecified, the | | | resource results are to be | maximum number of | | | returned except for | results is set by the | | | "totalResults". | service provider. | +------------+----------------------------+-------------------------+ Table 5: Pagination Request parameters The following table describes the query response pagination attributes specified by the service provider. +--------------+----------------------------------------------------+ | Element | Description | +--------------+----------------------------------------------------+ | itemsPerPage | Non-negative Integer. Specifies the number of | | | query results returned in a query response page; | | | e.g., 10. | | totalResults | Non-negative Integer. Specifies the total number | | | of results matching the client query; e.g., 1000. | | startIndex | The 1-based index of the first result in the | | | current set of query results; e.g., 1. | +--------------+----------------------------------------------------+ Table 6: Pagination Response Elements For example, to retrieve the first 10 Users set the startIndex to 1 and the count to 10: GET /Users?startIndex=1&count=10 Host: example.com Accept: application/scim+json Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8 Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 20] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 The response to the query above returns metadata regarding paging similar to the following example (actual resources removed for brevity): { "totalResults":100, "itemsPerPage":10, "startIndex":1, "schemas":["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:ListResponse"], "Resources":[{ ... }] } Given the example above, to continue paging set the startIndex to 11 and re-fetch; i.e., /Users?startIndex=11&count=10 3.2.2.5. Attributes The following attributes control which attributes SHALL be returned with a returned resource. SCIM clients MAY use up to one of these two OPTIONAL parameters which MUST be supported by SCIM service providers: attributes A multi-valued list of strings indicating the names of resource attributes to return in the response overriding the set of attributes that would be returned by default. Attribute names MUST be in standard.attribute notation (Section 3.8) form. See additional retrieval query parameters (Section 3.7). excludedAttributes A multi-valued list of strings indicating the names of resource attributes to be removed from the default set of attributes to return. This parameter SHALL have no effect on attributes whose schema "returned" setting is "always" see Server Schema [I-D.ietf-scim-core-schema]. Attribute names MUST be in standard attribute notation (Section 3.8) form. See additional retrieval query parameters (Section 3.7). 3.2.3. Querying Resources Using HTTP POST Clients MAY execute queries without passing parameters on the URL by using the HTTP POST verb combined with the '/.search' path extension. The inclusion of '/.search' on the end of a valid SCIM endpoint SHALL be used to indicate the HTTP POST verb is intended to be a query operation. To create a new query result set, a SCIM client sends an HTTP POST request to the desired SCIM resource endpoint (ending in '/.search'). Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 21] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 The body of the POST request MAY include any of the parameters as defined in Section 3.2.2. Query requests MUST be identified using the following URI: 'urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:SearchRequest'. The following attributes are defined for query requests: attributes A multi-valued list of strings indicating the names of resource attributes to return in the response overriding the set of attributes that would be returned by default. Attribute names MUST be in standard attribute notation (Section 3.8) form. See additional retrieval query parameters (Section 3.7). OPTIONAL. excludedAttributes A multi-valued list of strings indicating the names of resource attributes to be removed from the default set of attributes to return. This parameter SHALL have no effect on attributes whose schema "returned" setting is "always" see Server Schema [I-D.ietf-scim-core-schema]. Attribute names MUST be in standard attribute notation (Section 3.8) form. See additional retrieval query parameters (Section 3.7). OPTIONAL. filter The filter string used to request a subset of resources. The filter string MUST be a valid filter (Section 3.2.2.2) expression. OPTIONAL. sortBy A string indicating the attribute whose value SHALL be used to order the returned responses. The sortBy attribute MUST be in standard attribute notation (Section 3.8) form. See sorting (Section 3.2.2.3). OPTIONAL. sortOrder A string indicating the order in which the sortBy parameter is applied. Allowed values are "ascending" and "descending". See sorting (Section 3.2.2.3). OPTIONAL. startIndex An integer indicating the 1-based index of the first query result. See pagination (Section 3.2.2.4). OPTIONAL. count An integer indicating the desired maximum number of query results per page. See pagination (Section 3.2.2.4). OPTIONAL. After receiving a HTTP POST request, a response is returned as specified in Section 3.2.2. Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 22] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 The following example shows an HTTP POST Query request with search parameters attributes, filter, and count included: POST /.search Host: example.com Accept: application/scim+json Content-Type: application/scim+json Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8 Content-Length: ... { "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:SearchRequest"], "attributes": ["displayName", "userName"], "filter": "(displayName sw \"smith\") and (meta.resourceType eq \"User\")", "startIndex": 1, "count": 10 } Figure 3: Example POST Query Request Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 23] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 A query response is shown with the first page of results. For brevity reasons, only two matches are shown: one User and one Group. HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-Type: application/scim+json Location: https://example.com/.search { "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:ListResponse"], "totalResults":100, "itemsPerPage":10, "startIndex":1, "Resources":[ { "meta":{ "location": "https://example.com/Users/2819c223-7f76-413861904646", "resourceType":"User", "lastModified": ... }, "userName":"jsmith", "displayName":"Smith, James" }, { "meta":{ "location": "https://example.com/Groups/c8596b90-7539-4f20968d1908", "resourceType":"Group", "lastModified": ... }, "displayName":"Smith Family" }, ... ] } Figure 4: Example POST Query Response 3.3. Modifying Resources Resources can be modified in whole or in part via PUT or PATCH, respectively. Implementers MUST support PUT as specified in Section 4.3 [RFC7231]. Resources such as Groups may be very large hence implementers SHOULD support HTTP PATCH [RFC5789] to enable partial resource modifications. Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 24] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 3.3.1. Replacing with PUT HTTP PUT is used to perform a full update of a resource's attributes. Clients that MAY have previously retrieved the entire resource in advance and revised it, MAY replace the resource using an HTTP PUT. Because SCIM resource identifiers are typically assigned by the service provider, HTTP PUT MUST NOT be used to create new resources. As the operation intent is to replace all attributes, SCIM clients MAY send all attributes regardless of each attribute's mutability. The server will apply attribute by attribute replace according to the following attribute mutability rules: readWrite, writeOnly Any values provided SHALL replace the existing attribute values. Attributes whose mutability is "readWrite", that are omitted from the request body, MAY be assumed to be not asserted by the client. The service provider MAY assume any existing values are to be cleared or the service provider MAY assign a default value to the final resource representation. Service providers MAY take into account whether a client has access to, or understands, all of the resource's attributes when deciding whether non-asserted attributes SHALL be removed or defaulted. Clients that would like to override a server defaults, MAY specify "null" for a single- valued attribute or an empty array "[]" for a multi-valued attribute to clear all values. immutable If value(s) are already set for the attribute, the input value(s) MUST match or HTTP status 400 SHOULD be returned with error code "mutability". If the service provider has no existing values, the new value(s) SHALL be applied. readOnly Any values provided (e.g. meta.resourceType) SHALL be ignored. If an attribute is "required", clients MUST specify the attribute in the PUT request. Unless otherwise specified a successful PUT operation returns a 200 OK response code and the entire resource within the response body, enabling the client to correlate the client's and the service provider's views of the updated resource. Example: Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 25] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 PUT /Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646 Host: example.com Accept: application/scim+json Content-Type: application/scim+json Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8 If-Match: W/"a330bc54f0671c9" { "schemas":["urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:User"], "id":"2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646", "userName":"bjensen", "externalId":"bjensen", "name":{ "formatted":"Ms. Barbara J Jensen III", "familyName":"Jensen", "givenName":"Barbara", "middleName":"Jane" }, "roles":[], "emails":[ { "value":"bjensen@example.com" }, { "value":"babs@jensen.org" } ] } Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 26] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 The service responds with the entire, updated User: HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-Type: application/scim+json ETag: W/"b431af54f0671a2" Location: "https://example.com/v2/Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646" { "schemas":["urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:User"], "id":"2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646", "userName":"bjensen", "externalId":"bjensen", "name":{ "formatted":"Ms. Barbara J Jensen III", "familyName":"Jensen", "givenName":"Barbara", "middleName":"Jane" }, "emails":[ { "value":"bjensen@example.com" }, { "value":"babs@jensen.org" } ], "meta": { "resourceType":"User", "created":"2011-08-08T04:56:22Z", "lastModified":"2011-08-08T08:00:12Z", "location": "https://example.com/v2/Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646", "version":"W\/\"b431af54f0671a2\"" } } 3.3.2. Modifying with PATCH HTTP PATCH is an OPTIONAL server function that enables clients to update one or more attributes of a SCIM resource using a sequence of operations to "add", "remove", or "replace" values. The general form of the SCIM patch request is based on JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) Patch [RFC6902]. One difference between SCIM patch and JSON patch is that SCIM servers do not support array indexing and may not support all [RFC6902] operation types. Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 27] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 The body of each request MUST contain the following "schemas" attribute with the URI value of: "urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:PatchOp". The body of an HTTP PATCH request MUST contain the attribute "Operations", whose value is an array of one or more patch operations. Each patch operation object MUST have exactly one "op" member, whose value indicates the operation to perform and MAY be one of "add", "remove", or "replace". The semantics of each operation are defined in the following sub-sections. The following is an example representation of a PATCH request showing the basic JSON structure (non-normative): { "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:PatchOp"], "Operations":[ { "op":"add", "path":"members", "value":[ { "display": "Babs Jensen", "$ref": "https://example.com/v2/Users/2819c223...413861904646", "value": "2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646" } ] }, ... + additional operations if needed ... ] } Figure 5: Example JSON body for SCIM PATCH Request A "path" attribute value is a String containing an attribute path describing the target of the operation. The "path" attribute is OPTIONAL for "add" and "replace" and is REQUIRED for "remove" operations. See relevant operation sections below for details. The "path" attribute is described by the following ABNF syntax rule: PATH = attrPath / valuePath [subAttr] Figure 6: SCIM Patch PATH Rule The ABNF rules, "attrPath", "valuePath", and "subAttr" are defined in Section 3.2.2.2. The "valuePath" rule allows specific values of a complex, multi-valued attribute to be selected. Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 28] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 Valid examples of "path" values are as follows: "path":"members" "path":"name.familyName" "path":"addresses[type eq \"work\"]" "path":"members[value eq \"2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646\"]" "path":"members[value eq \"2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646\"].displayName" Figure 7: Example Path Values Each operation against an attribute MUST be compatible with the attribute's mutability and schema as defined in the Attribute Types Section of [I-D.ietf-scim-core-schema]. For example, a client MUST NOT modify an attribute that has mutability "readOnly" or "immutable". However, a client MAY "add" a value to an "immutable" attribute if the attribute had no previous value. An operation that is not compatibile with an attribute's mutability or schema SHALL return the appropriate HTTP response status code and a JSON detail error response as defined in Section 3.10. The attribute notation rules described in Section 3.8 apply for describing attribute paths. For all operations, the value of the "schemas" attribute on the SCIM service provider's representation of the resource SHALL be assumed by default. If one of the PATCH operations modifies the "schemas" attribute, subsequent operations SHALL assume the modified state of the "schemas" attribute. Clients MAY implicitly modify the "schemas" attribute by adding (or replacing) an attribute with its fully qualified name including schema URN. For example, adding the attribute "urn:ietf:params:scim: schemas:extension:enterprise:2.0:User:employeeNumber", automatically adds the value "urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:extension:enterprise:2.0:User" to the resource's "schemas" attribute. Each patch operation represents a single action to be applied to the same SCIM resource specified by the request URI. Operations are applied sequentially in the order they appear in the array. Each operation in the sequence is applied to the target resource; the resulting resource becomes the target of the next operation. Evaluation continues until all operations are successfully applied or until an error condition is encountered. Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 29] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 For a multi-valued attributes, a patch operation that sets a value's "primary" attribute to "true", SHALL cause the server to automatically set "primary" to "false" for any other values in the array as only one value MAY be primary. A patch request, regardless of the number of operations, SHALL be treated as atomic. If a single operation encounters an error condition, the original SCIM resource MUST be restored, and a failure status SHALL be returned. If a request fails, the server SHALL return an HTTP response status code and a JSON detail error response as defined in Section 3.10. On successful completion, the server MUST return either a 200 OK response code and the entire resource (subject to the "attributes" query parameter - see Additional Retrieval Query Parameters (Section 3.7) ) within the response body, or a 204 No Content response code and the appropriate response headers for a successful patch request. The server MUST return a 200 OK if the "attributes" parameter is specified on the request. 3.3.2.1. Add Operation The "add" operation is used to add a new attribute value to an existing resource. The operation MUST contain a "value" member whose content specifies the value to be added. The value MAY be a quoted value OR it may be a JSON object containing the sub-attributes of the complex attribute specified in the operation's "path". The result of the add operation depends upon what the target location indicated by "path" references: o If omitted, the target location is assumed to be the resource itself. The "value" parameter contains a set of attributes to be added to the resource. o If the target location does not exist, the attribute and value is added. o If the target location specifies a complex attribute, a set of sub-attributes SHALL be specified in the "value" parameter. o If the target location specifies a multi-valued attribute, a new value is added to the attribute. Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 30] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 o if the target location specifies a single-valued attribute, the existing value is replaced. o If the target location specifies an attribute that does not exist (has no value), the attribute is added with the new value. o If the target location exists, the value is replaced. o If the target location already contains the value specified, no changes SHOULD be made to the resource and a success response SHOULD be returned. Unless other operations change the resource, this operation SHALL NOT change the modify timestamp of the resource. The following example shows how to add a member to a group. Some text removed for readability ("..."): PATCH /Groups/acbf3ae7-8463-4692-b4fd-9b4da3f908ce Host: example.com Accept: application/scim+json Content-Type: application/scim+json Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8 If-Match: W/"a330bc54f0671c9" { "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:PatchOp"], "Operations":[ { "op":"add", "path":"members", "value":[ { "display": "Babs Jensen", "$ref": "https://example.com/v2/Users/2819c223...413861904646", "value": "2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646" } ] } ] } If the user was already a member of this group, no changes should be made to the resource and a success response should be returned. The server responds with either the entire updated Group or no response body: Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 31] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 HTTP/1.1 204 No Content Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8 ETag: W/"b431af54f0671a2" Location: "https://example.com/Groups/acbf3ae7-8463-4692-b4fd-9b4da3f908ce" The following example shows how to add one or more attributes to a User resource without using a "path" attribute. PATCH /Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646 Host: example.com Accept: application/scim+json Content-Type: application/scim+json Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8 If-Match: W/"a330bc54f0671c9" { "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:PatchOp"], "Operations":[{ "op":"add", "value":"{ "emails":[ { "value":"babs@jensen.org", "type":"home" } ], "nickname":"Babs" }] } In the above example, an additional value is added to the multi- valued attribute "emails". The second attribute, "nickname" is added to the User resource. If the resource already had an existing "nickname", the value is replaced per the processing rules above for single-valued attributes. 3.3.2.2. Remove Operation The "remove" operation removes the value at the target location specified by the required attribute "path". The operation performs the following functions depending on the target location specified by "path" : o If "path" is unspecified, the operation fails with HTTP status "400" and "scimType" of "noTarget". Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 32] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 o If the target location is a single-value attribute, the attribute and its associated value is removed and the attribute SHALL be considered unassigned. o If the target location is a multi-valued attribute and no filter is specified, the attribute and all values are removed and the attribute SHALL be considered unassigned. o If the target location is a multi-valued attribute and a complex filter is specified comparing a "value", the values matched by the filter are removed. If after removal of the selected values, no other values remain, the multi-valued attribute SHALL be considered unassigned. o If the target location is a complex-multi-valued attribute and a complex filter is specified based on the attribute's sub- attributes, the matching records are removed. Sub-attributes whose values have been removed SHALL be considered unassigned. If the complex-multi-valued attribute has no remaining records, the attribute SHALL be considered unassigned. If an attribute is removed or becomes unassigned and is defined as a required attribute or a read-only attribute, the server SHALL return an HTTP response status code and a JSON detail error response as defined in Section 3.10 with a "scimType" error of "mutability". The following example shows how to remove a member from a group. As with the previous example, the "display" sub-attribute is optional. If the user was not a member of this group, no changes should be made to the resource and a success response should be returned. Note that server responses have been omitted for the rest of the PATCH examples. Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 33] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 Remove a single member from a group. Some text removed for readability ("..."): PATCH /Groups/acbf3ae7-8463-4692-b4fd-9b4da3f908ce Host: example.com Accept: application/scim+json Content-Type: application/scim+json Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8 If-Match: W/"a330bc54f0671c9" { "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:PatchOp"], "Operations":[{ "op":"remove", "path":"members[value eq \"2819c223-7f76-...413861904646\"]" }] } Remove all members of a group: PATCH /Groups/acbf3ae7-8463-4692-b4fd-9b4da3f908ce Host: example.com Accept: application/scim+json Content-Type: application/scim+json Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8 If-Match: W/"a330bc54f0671c9" { "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:PatchOp"], "Operations":[{ "op":"remove","path":"members" }] } Removal of a value from a complex-multi-valued attribute (request headers removed for brevity): { "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:PatchOp"], "Operations": [{ "op":"remove", "path":"emails[type eq \"work\" and value ew \"example.com\"]" }] } Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 34] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 Example request to remove and add a member. Some text removed for readability ("..."): PATCH /Groups/acbf3ae7-8463-4692-b4fd-9b4da3f908ce Host: example.com Accept: application/scim+json Content-Type: application/scim+json Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8 If-Match: W/"a330bc54f0671c9" { "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:PatchOp"], "Operations": [ { "op":"remove", "path":"members[value eq\"2819c223...919d-413861904646\"]" }, { "op":"add", "path":"members", "value": [ { "display": "James Smith", "$ref":"https://example.com/v2/Users/08e1d05d...473d93df9210", "value": "08e1d05d...473d93df9210" } ] } ] } Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 35] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 The following example shows how to replace all the members of a group with a different members list. Some text removed for readabilty ("..."): PATCH /Groups/acbf3ae7-8463-4692-b4fd-9b4da3f908ce Host: example.com Accept: application/scim+json Content-Type: application/scim+json Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8 If-Match: W/"a330bc54f0671c9" { "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:PatchOp"], "Operations": [ { "op":"remove","path":"members" }, { "op":"add", "path":"members", "value":[ { "display": "Babs Jensen", "$ref": "https://example.com/v2/Users/2819c223...413861904646", "value": "2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646" }, { "display": "James Smith", "$ref": "https://example.com/v2/Users/08e1d05d...473d93df9210", "value": "08e1d05d-121c-4561-8b96-473d93df9210" }] } ] } 3.3.2.3. Replace Operation The "replace" operation replaces the value at the target location specified by the "path". The operation performs the following functions depending on the target location specified by "path" : o If the "path" parameter is omitted, the target is assumed to be the resource itself. In this case, the "value" attribute SHALL contain a list of one or more attributes that are to be replaced. o If the target location is a single-value attribute, the attributes value is replaced. Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 36] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 o If the target location is a multi-valued attribute and no filter is specified, the attribute and all values are replaced. o If the target location specifies a complex attribute, a set of sub-attributes SHALL be specified in the "value" parameter which replaces any existing values or adds where an attribute did not previously exist. Sub-attributes that are not specified in the "value" parameter are left unchanged. o If the target location is a multi-valued attribute and a complex filter is specified comparing a "value", the values matched by the filter are replaced. o If the target location is a complex-multi-valued attribute and a complex filter is specified based on the attribute's sub- attributes, the matching records are replaced. o If the target location is a complex-multi-valued attribute with a complex filter and a specific sub-attribute (e.g. "addresses[type eq "work"].streetAddress" ), the matching sub-attribute of the matching record is replaced. Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 37] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 The following example shows how to replace all the members of a group with a different members list in a single replace operation. Some text removed for readability ("..."): PATCH /Groups/acbf3ae7-8463-4692-b4fd-9b4da3f908ce Host: example.com Accept: application/scim+json Content-Type: application/scim+json Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8 If-Match: W/"a330bc54f0671c9" { "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:PatchOp"], "Operations": [{ "op":"replace", "path":"members", "value":[ { "display": "Babs Jensen", "$ref": "https://example.com/v2/Users/2819c223...413861904646", "value": "2819c223...413861904646" }, { "display": "James Smith", "$ref": "https://example.com/v2/Users/08e1d05d...473d93df9210", "value": "08e1d05d...473d93df9210" } ] }] } Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 38] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 The following example shows how to change a User's entire "work" address. PATCH /Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646 Host: example.com Accept: application/scim+json Content-Type: application/scim+json Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8 If-Match: W/"a330bc54f0671c9" { "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:PatchOp"], "Operations": [{ "op":"replace", "path":"addresses[type eq \"work\"]", "value": { "type": "work", "streetAddress": "911 Universal City Plaza", "locality": "Hollywood", "region": "CA", "postalCode": "91608", "country": "US", "formatted": "911 Universal City Plaza\nHollywood, CA 91608 US", "primary": true } }] } The following example shows how to change a User's "work" email address: PATCH /Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646 Host: example.com Accept: application/scim+json Content-Type: application/scim+json Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8 If-Match: W/"a330bc54f0671c9" { "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:PatchOp"], "Operations": [{ "op":"replace", "path":"emails[type eq \"work\"].value", "value":"bjenson@example.com" }] } Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 39] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 The following example shows how to replace one or more attributes of a User resource. PATCH /Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646 Host: example.com Accept: application/scim+json Content-Type: application/scim+json Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8 If-Match: W/"a330bc54f0671c9" { "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:PatchOp"], "Operations": [{ "op":"replace", "value":"{ "emails":[ { "value":"bjensen@example.com", "type":"work", "primary":true }, { "value":"babs@jensen.org", "type":"home" } ], "nickname":"Babs" }] } 3.4. Deleting Resources Clients request resource removal via DELETE. Service providers MAY choose not to permanently delete the resource, but MUST return a 404 error code for all operations associated with the previously deleted Id. Service providers MUST also omit the resource from future query results. In addition the service provider SHOULD NOT consider the deleted resource in conflict calculation. For example if a User resource is deleted, a CREATE request for a User resource with the same userName as the previously deleted resource should not fail with a 409 error due to userName conflict. DELETE /Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646 Host: example.com Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8 If-Match: W/"c310cd84f0281b7" Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 40] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 In response to a successful delete, the server SHALL respond with successful HTTP status 204 (No Content). A non-normative example response: HTTP/1.1 204 No Content Example: client attempt to retrieve the previously deleted User GET /Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646 Host: example.com Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8 Server Response: HTTP/1.1 404 NOT FOUND { "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:Error"], "Errors":[ { "description": "Resource 2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646 not found", "code":"404" } ] } 3.5. Bulk Operations The SCIM bulk operation is an optional server feature that enables clients to send a potentially large collection of resource operations in a single request. The body of a a bulk operation contains a set of HTTP resource operations using one of the API supported HTTP methods; i.e., POST, PUT, PATCH or DELETE. Bulk requests are identified using the following URI: "urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:BulkRequest". Bulk responses are identified using the following URI: "urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:BulkResponse". Bulk requests and bulk responses share many attributes. Unless otherwise specified, each attribute below is present in both bulk requests and bulk responses. The following Singular Attribute is defined in addition to the common attributes defined in SCIM core schema. failOnErrors Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 41] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 An Integer specifying the number of errors that the service provider will accept before the operation is terminated and an error response is returned. OPTIONAL in a request. Not valid in a response. The following Complex Multi-valued Attribute is defined in addition to the common attributes defined in core schema. Operations Defines operations within a bulk job. Each operation corresponds to a single HTTP request against a resource endpoint. REQUIRED. Operations has the following sub-attributes: method The HTTP method of the current operation. Possible values are POST, PUT, PATCH or DELETE. REQUIRED. bulkId The transient identifier of a newly created resource, unique within a bulk request and created by the client. The bulkId serves as a surrogate resource id enabling clients to uniquely identify newly created resources in the Response and cross reference new resources in and across operations within a bulk request. REQUIRED when method is POST. version The current resource version. Version is MAY be used if the service provider supports ETags and the method is PUT, PATCH, or DELETE. path The resource's relative path. If the method is POST the value must specify a resource type endpoint; e.g., /Users or /Groups whereas all other method values must specify the path to a specific resource; e.g., /Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d- 413861904646. REQUIRED in a request. data The resource data as it would appear for a single POST, PUT or PATCH resource operation. REQUIRED in a request when method is POST, PUT and PATCH. location The resource endpoint URL. REQUIRED in a response, except in the event of a POST failure. response The HTTP response body to the specified request operation. When indicating a response with an HTTP status other than a 200 series response, the response body MUST be included. For normal completion, the server MAY elect to omit the response body. Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 42] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 status The HTTP response status code to the requested operation. When indicating an error, the "response" attribute MUST contain the detailed error response as per Section 3.10. If a bulk job is processed successfully the HTTP response code 200 OK MUST be returned, otherwise an appropriate HTTP error code MUST be returned. The service provider MUST continue performing as many changes as possible and disregard partial failures. The client MAY override this behavior by specifying a value for the "failOnErrors" attribute. The failOnErrors attribute defines the number of errors that the service provider should accept before failing the remaining operations returning the response. To be able to reference a newly created resource the attribute bulkId MUST be specified when creating new resources. The "bulkId" is defined by the client as a surrogate identifier in a POST operation (see Section 3.5.2). The service provider MUST return the same "bulkId" together with the newly created resource. The "bulkId" can then be used by the client to map the service provider id with the "bulkId" of the created resource. A SCIM service provider MAY elect to optimize a sequence operations received (e.g. to improve processing performance). When doing so, the service provider MUST ensure the clients intent is preserved and the same stateful result is achieved as for non-optimized processing. For example, before a "User" can be added to a "Group", they must first be created. Processing these requests out of order, might result in a failure to add the new "User" to the "Group". 3.5.1. Circular Reference Processing The service provider MUST try to resolve circular cross references between resources in a single bulk job but MAY stop after a failed attempt and instead return the status code 409 Conflict. The following example exhibits the potential conflict. Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 43] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 POST /v2/Bulk Host: example.com Accept: application/scim+json Content-Type: application/scim+json Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8 Content-Length: ... { "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:BulkRequest"], "Operations": [ { "method": "POST", "path": "/Groups", "bulkId": "qwerty", "data": { "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:Group"], "displayName": "Group A", "members": [ { "type": "Group", "value": "bulkId:ytrewq" } ] } }, { "method": "POST", "path": "/Groups", "bulkId": "ytrewq", "data": { "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:Group"], "displayName": "Group B", "members": [ { "type": "Group", "value": "bulkId:qwerty" } ] } } ] } If the service provider resolved the above circular references the following is returned from a subsequent GET request. Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 44] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 GET /v2/Groups?filter=displayName sw 'Group' Host: example.com Accept: application/scim+json Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8 HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-Type: application/scim+json { "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:ListResponse"], "totalResults": 2, "Resources": [ { "id": "c3a26dd3-27a0-4dec-a2ac-ce211e105f97", "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:Group"], "displayName": "Group A", "meta": { "resourceType": "Group", "created": "2011-08-01T18:29:49.793Z", "lastModified": "2011-08-01T18:29:51.135Z", "location": "https://example.com/v2/Groups/c3a26dd3-27a0-4dec-a2ac-ce211e105f97", "version": "W\/\"mvwNGaxB5SDq074p\"" }, "members": [ { "value": "6c5bb468-14b2-4183-baf2-06d523e03bd3", "$ref": "https://example.com/v2/Groups/6c5bb468-14b2-4183-baf2-06d523e03bd3", "type": "Group" } ] }, { "id": "6c5bb468-14b2-4183-baf2-06d523e03bd3", "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:Group"], "displayName": "Group B", "meta": { "resourceType": "Group", "created": "2011-08-01T18:29:50.873Z", "lastModified": "2011-08-01T18:29:50.873Z", "location": "https://example.com/v2/Groups/6c5bb468-14b2-4183-baf2-06d523e03bd3", "version": "W\/\"wGB85s2QJMjiNnuI\"" }, "members": [ { Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 45] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 "value": "c3a26dd3-27a0-4dec-a2ac-ce211e105f97", "$ref": "https://example.com/v2/Groups/c3a26dd3-27a0-4dec-a2ac-ce211e105f97", "type": "Group" } ] } ] } 3.5.2. BulkdId Temporary Identifiers A SCIM client can, within one bulk operation, create a new "User", a new "Group" and add the newly created "User" to the newly created "Group". In order to add the new "User" to the "Group" the client must use the surrogate id attribute, "bulkId", to reference the User. The "bulkId" attribute value must be pre-pended with the literal "bulkId:"; e.g., if the bulkId is 'qwerty', the value is "bulkId:qwerty". The service provider MUST replace the string "bulkId:qwerty" with the permanent resource id once created. To create multiple distinct requests, each with their own "bulkId", the SCIM client specifies different "bulkId" values for each separate request. Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 46] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 The following example creates a User with the "userName" 'Alice' and a "Group" with the "displayName" 'Tour Guides' with Alice as a member. Notice that each operation has its own "bulkId" value. However, the second operation (whose "bulkId" is "ytrewq") refers to the "bulkId" of "qwerty" in order to add Alice to new 'Tour Guides' group. POST /v2/Bulk Host: example.com Accept: application/scim+json Content-Type: application/scim+json Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8 Content-Length: ... { "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:BulkRequest"], "Operations": [ { "method": "POST", "path": "/Users", "bulkId": "qwerty", "data": { "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:User"], "userName": "Alice" } }, { "method": "POST", "path": "/Groups", "bulkId": "ytrewq", "data": { "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:Group"], "displayName": "Tour Guides", "members": [ { "type": "User", "value": "bulkId:qwerty" } ] } } ] } Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 47] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 The service provider returns the following response: HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-Type: application/json { "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:BulkResponse"], "Operations": [ { "location": "https://example.com/v2/Users/92b725cd-9465-4e7d-8c16-01f8e146b87a", "method": "POST", "bulkId": "qwerty", "version": "W\/\"4weymrEsh5O6cAEK\"", "status": { "code": "201" } }, { "location": "https://example.com/v2/Groups/e9e30dba-f08f-4109-8486-d5c6a331660a", "method": "POST", "bulkId": "ytrewq", "version": "W\/\"lha5bbazU3fNvfe5\"", "status": { "code": "201" } } ] } In the above example, the Alice User resource has an "id" of "92b725cd-9465-4e7d-8c16-01f8e146b87a" and the Tour Guides Group has an "id" of "e9e30dba-f08f-4109-8486-d5c6a331660a". Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 48] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 A subsequent GET request for the 'Tour Guides' Group (with an "id" of"e9e30dba-f08f-4109-8486-d5c6a331660a") returns the following with Alice's "id" as the value for the member in the Group 'Tour Guides': HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-Type: application/scim+json Location: https://example.com/v2/Groups/e9e30dba-f08f-4109-8486-d5c6a331660a ETag: W/"lha5bbazU3fNvfe5" { "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:Group"], "id": "e9e30dba-f08f-4109-8486-d5c6a331660a", "displayName": "Tour Guides", "meta": { "resourceType": "Group", "created": "2011-08-01T18:29:49.793Z", "lastModified": "2011-08-01T20:31:02.315Z", "location": "https://example.com/v2/Groups/e9e30dba-f08f-4109-8486-d5c6a331660a", "version": "W\/\"lha5bbazU3fNvfe5\"" }, "members": [ { "value": "92b725cd-9465-4e7d-8c16-01f8e146b87a", "$ref": "https://example.com/v2/Users/92b725cd-9465-4e7d-8c16-01f8e146b87a", "type": "User" } ] } Extensions that include references to other resources MUST be handled in the same way by the service provider. The following example uses the bulkId attribute within the enterprise extension managerId attribute. Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 49] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 POST /v2/Bulk Host: example.com Accept: application/scim+json Content-Type: application/scim+json Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8 Content-Length: ... { "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:BulkRequest"], "Operations": [ { "method": "POST", "path": "/Users", "bulkId": "qwerty", "data": { "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:User"], "userName": "Alice" } }, { "method": "POST", "path": "/Users", "bulkId": "ytrewq", "data": { "schemas": [ "urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:User", "urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:extension:enterprise:2.0:User" ], "userName": "Bob", "urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:extension:enterprise:2.0:User": { "employeeNumber": "11250", "manager": { "managerId": "batchId:qwerty", "displayName": "Alice" } } } } ] } 3.5.3. Response and Error Handling The service provider response MUST include the result of all processed operations. A "location" attribute that includes the resource's endpoint MUST be returned for all operations excluding failed POSTs. The status attribute includes information about the success or failure of one operation within the bulk job. The Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 50] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 attribute status MUST include the code attribute that holds the HTTP response code that would have been returned if a single HTTP request would have been used. If an error occurred the status MUST also include the description attribute containing a human readable explanation of the error. "status": "201" The following is an example of a status in a failed operation. "status": "400", "response":{ "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:Error"], "scimType":"invalidSyntax" "detail": "Request is unparseable, syntactically incorrect, or violates schema.", "status":"400" } The following example shows how to add, update, and remove a user. The "failOnErrors" attribute is set to '1' indicating the service provider should return on the first error. The POST operation's bulkId value is set to 'qwerty' enabling the client to match the new User with the returned resource id '92b725cd-9465-4e7d- 8c16-01f8e146b87a'. POST /v2/Bulk Host: example.com Accept: application/scim+json Content-Type: application/scim+json Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8 Content-Length: ... { "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:BulkRequest"], "failOnErrors":1, "Operations":[ { "method":"POST", "path":"/Users", "bulkId":"qwerty", "data":{ "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:User"], "userName":"Alice" } }, Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 51] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 { "method":"PUT", "path":"/Users/b7c14771-226c-4d05-8860-134711653041", "version":"W\/\"3694e05e9dff591\"", "data":{ "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:User"], "id":"b7c14771-226c-4d05-8860-134711653041", "userName":"Bob" } }, { "method": "PATCH", "path": "/Users/5d8d29d3-342c-4b5f-8683-a3cb6763ffcc", "version": "W/\"edac3253e2c0ef2\"", "data": {[ { "op": "remove", "path": "nickName" }, { "op": "add", "path": "userName", "value": "Dave" } ]} }, { "method":"DELETE", "path":"/Users/e9025315-6bea-44e1-899c-1e07454e468b", "version":"W\/\"0ee8add0a938e1a\"" } ] } The service provider returns the following response. Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 52] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-Type: application/scim+json { "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:BulkResponse"], "Operations": [ { "location": "https://example.com/v2/Users/92b725cd-9465-4e7d-8c16-01f8e146b87a", "method": "POST", "bulkId": "qwerty", "version": "W\/\"oY4m4wn58tkVjJxK\"", "status": "201" }, { "location": "https://example.com/v2/Users/b7c14771-226c-4d05-8860-134711653041", "method": "PUT", "version": "W\/\"huJj29dMNgu3WXPD\"", "status": "200" }, { "location": "https://example.com/v2/Users/5d8d29d3-342c-4b5f-8683-a3cb6763ffcc", "method": "PATCH", "version": "W\/\"huJj29dMNgu3WXPD\"", "status": "200" }, { "location": "https://example.com/v2/Users/e9025315-6bea-44e1-899c-1e07454e468b", "method": "DELETE", "status": "204" } ] } The following response is returned if an error occurred when attempting to create the User 'Alice'. The service provider stops processing the bulk operation and immediately returns a response to the client. The response contains the error and any successful results prior to the error. Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 53] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-Type: application/scim+json { "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:BulkResponse"], "Operations": [ { "method": "POST", "bulkId": "qwerty", "status": "400", "response":{ "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:Error"], "scimType":"invalidSyntax" "detail": "Request is unparseable, syntactically incorrect, or violates schema.", "status":"400" } } ] } If the "failOnErrors" attribute is not specified or the service provider has not reached the error limit defined by the client the service provider will continue to process all operations. The following is an example in which all operations failed. HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-Type: application/scim+json { "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:BulkResponse"], "Operations": [ { "method": "POST", "bulkId": "qwerty", "status": "400", "response":{ "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:Error"], "scimType":"invalidSyntax" "detail": "Request is unparseable, syntactically incorrect, or violates schema.", "status":"400" } }, { "location": "https://example.com/v2/Users/b7c14771-226c-4d05-8860-134711653041", Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 54] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 "method": "PUT", "status": "412", "response":{ "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:Error"], "detail":"Failed to update. Resource changed on the server.", "status":"412" } }, { "location": "https://example.com/v2/Users/5d8d29d3-342c-4b5f-8683-a3cb6763ffcc", "method": "PATCH", "status": "412", "response":{ "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:Error"], "detail":"Failed to update. Resource changed on the server.", "status":"412" } }, { "location": "https://example.com/v2/Users/e9025315-6bea-44e1-899c-1e07454e468b", "method": "DELETE", "status": "404", "response":{ "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:Error"], "detail":"Resource does not exist.", "status":"404" } } ] } Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 55] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-Type: application/scim+json { "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:BulkResponse"], "Operations": [ { "location": "https://example.com/v2/Users/92b725cd-9465-4e7d-8c16-01f8e146b87a", "method": "POST", "bulkId": "qwerty", "version": "W\/\"4weymrEsh5O6cAEK\"", "status": "201" }, { "location": "https://example.com/v2/Groups/e9e30dba-f08f-4109-8486-d5c6a331660a", "method": "POST", "bulkId": "ytrewq", "version": "W\/\"lha5bbazU3fNvfe5\"", "status": "201" } ] } 3.5.4. Maximum Operations The service provider MUST define the maximum number of operations and maximum payload size a client may send in a single request. These limits MAY be retrieved from the Service Provider Configuration (see 'bulk' in Section 8 of [I-D.ietf-scim-core-schema]). If either limits are exceeded the service provider MUST return the HTTP response code 413 Request Entity Too Large. The returned response MUST specify the limit exceeded in the body of the error response. The following example the client sent a request exceeding the service provider's max payload size of 1 megabyte: POST /v2/Bulk Host: example.com Accept: application/scim+json Content-Type: application/scim+json Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8 Content-Length: 4294967296 ... Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 56] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 In response to the over-sized request, the server responds with the following error: HTTP/1.1 413 Request Entity Too Large Content-Type: application/scim+json { "schemas":["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:Error"], "status": "413", "detail": "The size of the bulk operation exceeds the maxPayloadSize (1048576)." } 3.6. Data Input/Output Formats Servers MUST accept requests and respond with JSON structured responses using UTF-8 encoding [RFC3629], UTF-8 SHALL be the default encoding format. Clients using other encodings MUST specify the format in which the data is submitted via HTTP header "Content-Type" as specified in Section 3.1.1.5 [RFC7231] and MAY specify the desired response data format via an HTTP "Accept" header ( Section 5.3.2 [RFC7231] ); e.g., "Accept: application/scim+json" or via URI suffix; e.g., GET /Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646.scim Host: example.com Service providers MUST support the accept header "Accept: application/scim+json" and SHOULD support header "Accept: application/json" both of which specify JSON documents conforming to [RFC7159]. The format defaults to "application/scim+json" if no format is specified. Singular attributes are encoded as string name-value-pairs in JSON; e.g., "attribute": "value" Multi-valued attributes in JSON are encoded as arrays; e.g., "attributes": [ "value1", "value2" ] Elements with nested elements are represented as objects in JSON; e.g, "attribute": { "subattribute1": "value1", "subattribute2": "value2" } Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 57] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 3.7. Additional Operation Response Parameters For any SCIM operation where a resource representation is returned (e.g. HTTP GET), the attributes returned are defined as the minimum attribute set plus default attributes set. The minimum set are those attributes whose schema have "returned" set to "always". The default attribute set are those attributes whose schema have "returned" set to "default". Clients MAY request a partial resource representation on any operation that returns a resource within the response by specifying either of the mutually exclusive URL query parameters "attributes" OR "excludedAtributes" as follows: attributes When specified the default list of attributes SHALL be overridden and each resource returned MUST contain the minimum set of resource attributes and any attributes or sub- attributes explicitly requested by the "attributes" parameter. The query parameter attributes value is a comma separated list of resource attribute names in standard attribute notation (Section 3.8) form (e.g. userName, name, emails). excludedAttributes When specified, each resource returned MUST contain the minimal set of resource attributes. Additionally, the default set of attributes minus those attributes listed in "excludedAttributes" are also returned. The query parameter attributes value is a comma separated list of resource attribute names in standard attribute notation (Section 3.8) form (e.g. userName, name, emails). . GET /Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646?attributes=userName Host: example.com Accept: application/scim+json Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8 Giving the response Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 58] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-Type: application/scim+json Location: https://example.com/v2/Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646 ETag: W/"a330bc54f0671c9" { "schemas":["urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:User"], "id":"2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646", "userName":"bjensen", "meta":{ "resourceType": "User", "created":"2011-08-01T18:29:49.793Z", "lastModified":"2011-08-01T18:29:49.793Z", "location": "https://example.com/v2/Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646", "version":"W\/\"a330bc54f0671c9\"" } } 3.8. Attribute Notation All operations share a common scheme for referencing simple and complex attributes. In general, attributes are identified by prefixing the attribute name with its schema URN separated by a ':' character; e.g., the core User resource attribute 'userName' is identified as "urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:User:userName". Clients MAY omit core schema attribute URN prefixes though MUST fully qualify extended attributes with the associated resource URN; e.g., the attribute 'age' defined in "urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:exampleCo:2.0:hr" is fully encoded as "urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:exampleCo:2.0:hr:age". A Complex attributes' Sub-Attributes are referenced via nested, dot ('.') notation; i.e., {urn}:{Attribute name}.{Sub-Attribute name}. For example, the fully qualified path for a User's givenName is "urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:User:name.givenName" All facets (URN, attribute and Sub-Attribute name) of the fully encoded Attribute name are case insensitive. 3.9. "/Me" Authenticated Subject Alias A client MAY use a URL of the form "/Me" as a URI alias for the User or other resource associated with the currently authenticated subject for any SCIM operation. A service provider MAY respond in ONE of 3 ways: Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 59] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 o A service provider that does NOT support this feature SHOULD respond with status 403 (FORBIDDEN). o A service provider MAY choose to redirect the client using HTTP status 308 to the resource associated with the authenticated subject. The client MAY then repeat the request at the indicated location. o A service provider MAY process the SCIM request directly. In any response, the HTTP "Location" header MUST be the permanent location of the aliased resource associated with the authenticated subject. When using the SCIM Create Resource command (HTTP POST) with the "/Me" alias, the desired resourceType being created is at the discretion of the service provider based on the authenticated subject (if not anonymous) making the request and any request body attributes (e.g. "schemas"). See Section 6.3 for information on security considerations related to this operation. 3.10. HTTP Status and Error Response Handling The SCIM Protocol uses the HTTP status response status codes defined in Section 6 [RFC7231] to indicate operation success or failure. In addition to returning a HTTP response code implementers MUST return the errors in the body of the response in the client requested format containing the error response and, per the HTTP specification, human- readable explanations. Error responses are identified using the following "schema" URI: "urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:Error". The following attributes are defined for a SCIM error response using a JSON body: status The HTTP status code (see Section 6 [RFC7231]). REQUIRED scimType A SCIM detailed error keyword. See Table 8. OPTIONAL detail A detailed, human readable message. OPTIONAL Implementers SHOULD handle the identified HTTP status codes as described below. +--------------+---------------+------------------------------------+ | Status | Applicability | Suggested Explanation | +--------------+---------------+------------------------------------+ | 307 | GET, POST, | The client is directed to repeat | Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 60] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 | TEMPORARY | PUT, PATCH, | the same HTTP request at the | | REDIRECT | DELETE | location identified. The client | | | | SHOULD NOT use the location | | | | provided in the response as a | | | | permanent reference to the | | | | resource and SHOULD continue to | | | | use the original request URI | | | | [RFC7231]. | | 308 | GET, POST, | The client is directed to repeat | | PERMANENT | PUT, PATCH, | the same HTTP request at the | | REDIRECT | DELETE | location identified. The client | | | | SHOULD use the location provided | | | | in the response as the permanent | | | | reference to the resource | | | | [RFC7238]. | | 400 BAD | GET, POST, | Request is unparseable, | | REQUEST | PUT, PATCH, | syntactically incorrect, or | | | DELETE | violates schema | | 401 | GET, POST, | Authorization failure | | UNAUTHORIZED | PUT, PATCH, | | | | DELETE | | | 403 | GET, POST, | Server does not support requested | | FORBIDDEN | PUT, PATCH, | operation | | | DELETE | | | 404 NOT | GET, PUT, | Specified resource (e.g., User) or | | FOUND | PATCH, DELETE | end-point, does not exist | | 409 CONFLICT | POST, PUT, | The specified version number does | | | PATCH, DELETE | not match the resource's latest | | | | version number or a service | | | | provider refused to create a new, | | | | duplicate resource | | 412 | PUT, PATCH,D | Failed to update as resource {id} | | PRECONDITION | ELETE | changed on the server last | | FAILED | | retrieved | | 413 REQUEST | POST | {"maxOperations": | | ENTITY TOO | | 1000,"maxPayload": 1048576} | | LARGE | | | | 500 INTERNAL | GET, POST, | An internal error. Implementers | | SERVER ERROR | PUT, PATCH, | SHOULD provide descriptive | | | DELETE | debugging advice | | 501 NOT | GET, POST, | Service Provider does not support | | IMPLEMENTED | PUT, PATCH, | the request operation; e.g., PATCH | | | DELETE | | +--------------+---------------+------------------------------------+ Table 7: SCIM HTTP Status Code Usage Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 61] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 For HTTP Status 400 (Bad Request) responses, the following detail error types are defined: +--------------+------------------------------+---------------------+ | scimType | Description | Applicability | +--------------+------------------------------+---------------------+ | invalidFilte | The specified filter syntax | GET(Section 3.2.2), | | r | was invalid (does not comply | POST (Search - | | | with Figure 1) or the | Section 3.2.3), | | | specified attribute and | PATCH (Path Filter | | | filter comparison | - Section 3.3.2) | | | combination is not | | | | supported. | | | tooMany | The specified filter yields | GET(Section 3.2.2), | | | many more results than the | POST (Search - | | | server is willing calculate | Section 3.2.3) | | | or process. For example, a | | | | filter such as "(userName | | | | pr)" by itself would return | | | | all entries with a | | | | "userName" and MAY not be | | | | acceptable to the service | | | | provider. | | | uniqueness | One or more of attribute | POST (Create - | | | values is already in use or | Section 3.1), PUT | | | is reserved. | (Section 3.3.1), | | | | PATCH (Section | | | | 3.3.2) | | mutability | The attempted modification | PUT (Section | | | is not compatible with the | 3.3.1), PATCH | | | target attributes mutability | (Section 3.3.2) | | | or current state (e.g. | | | | modification of an immutable | | | | attribute with an existing | | | | value). | | | invalidSynta | The request body message | POST (Search - | | x | structure was invalid or did | Section 3.2.2, | | | not conform to the request | Create - Section | | | schema. | 3.1, Bulk - Section | | | | 3.5), PUT (Section | | | | 3.3.1) | | invalidPath | The path attribute was | PATCH (Section | | | invalid or malformed (see | 3.3.2) | | | Figure 6). | | | noTarget | The specified "path" did not | PATCH (Section | | | yield an attribute or | 3.3.2) | | | attribute value that could | | | | be operated on. This occurs | | Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 62] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 | | when the specified "path" | | | | value contains a filter that | | | | yields no match. | | | invalidValue | A required value was | GET (Section | | | missing, or the value | 3.2.2), POST | | | specified was not compatible | (Create - Section | | | with the operation or | 3.1, Query - | | | attribute type (see Section | Section 3.2.2), PUT | | | 2.1 [I-D.ietf-scim-core-sche | (Section 3.3.1), | | | ma]). | PATCH (Section | | | | 3.3.2) | | invalidVers | The specified SCIM protocol | GET (Section | | | version is not supported | 3.2.2), POST (ALL), | | | (see Section 3.11). | PUT (Section | | | | 3.3.1), PATCH | | | | (Section 3.3.2), | | | | DELETE (Section | | | | 3.4) | +--------------+------------------------------+---------------------+ Table 8: Table of SCIM Detail Error Keyword Values Note that in the table above (Table 8), the applicability table applies to the normal HTTP method but MAY apply within a SCIM Bulk operation (via HTTP POST). Error example in response to a non-existent GET request. HTTP/1.1 404 NOT FOUND { "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:Error"], "detail":"Resource 2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646 not found", "status":"404 } Error example in response to a PUT request. HTTP/1.1 400 BAD REQUEST { "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:Error"], "scimType":"mutability" "detail":"Attribute 'id' is readOnly", "status":"400" } Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 63] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 [[Editor's note: while the detail error codes seem to have consensus, there is a question about whether the error codes should be extensible so that individual service providers may define site specific codes. Should all scimTypes be URIs, so that scimTypes can be registered via IANA? Should there be a separate field defined for this purpose? Or, should custom signalling (for non-protocol/schema errors, be out of scope?]] 3.11. API Versioning The Base URL MAY be appended with a version identifier as a separate segment in the URL path. At this time of this specification, the identifier is 'v2'. If specified, the version identifier MUST appear in the URL path immediately preceding the resource endpoint and conform to the following scheme: the character 'v' followed by the desired SCIM version number; e.g., a version 'v2' User request is specified as /v2/Users. When specified service providers MUST perform the operation using the desired version or reject the request. When omitted service providers SHOULD perform the operation using the most recent SCIM protocol version supported by the service provider. 3.12. Versioning Resources The SCIM protocol supports resource versioning via standard HTTP ETags Section 2.3 [RFC7233]. Service providers MAY support weak ETags as the preferred mechanism for performing conditional retrievals and ensuring clients do not inadvertently overwrite each others changes, respectively. When supported SCIM ETags MUST be specified as an HTTP header and SHOULD be specified within the 'version' attribute contained in the resource's 'meta' attribute. Example: Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 64] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 POST /Users HTTP/1.1 Host: example.com Content-Type: application/scim+json Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8 Content-Length: ... { "schemas":["urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:User"], "userName":"bjensen", "externalId":"bjensen", "name":{ "formatted":"Ms. Barbara J Jensen III", "familyName":"Jensen", "givenName":"Barbara" } } The server responds with an ETag in the response header and meta structure. HTTP/1.1 201 Created Content-Type: application/scim+json Location: https://example.com/v2/Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646 ETag: W/"e180ee84f0671b1" { "schemas":["urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:User"], "id":"2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646", "meta":{ "resourceType":"User", "created":"2011-08-01T21:32:44.882Z", "lastModified":"2011-08-01T21:32:44.882Z", "location": "https://example.com/v2/Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646", "version":"W\/\"e180ee84f0671b1\"" }, "name":{ "formatted":"Ms. Barbara J Jensen III", "familyName":"Jensen", "givenName":"Barbara" }, "userName":"bjensen" } With the returned ETag, clients MAY choose to retrieve the resource only if the resource has been modified. Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 65] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 Conditional retrieval example using If-None-Match Section 3.2 [RFC7233] header: GET /Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646?attributes=displayName Host: example.com Accept: application/scim+json Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8 If-None-Match: W/"e180ee84f0671b1" If the resource has not changed the service provider simply returns an empty body with a 304 "Not Modified" response code. If the service providers supports versioning of resources the client MAY supply an If-Match Section 3.1 [RFC7233] header for PUT and PATCH operations to ensure that the requested operation succeeds only if the supplied ETag matches the latest service provider resource; e.g., If-Match: W/"e180ee84f0671b1" 4. Preparation and Comparison of Internationalized Strings To increase the likelihood that the input and comparison of unicode usernames and passwords will work in ways that make sense for typical users throughout the world there are special string preparation and comparison methods (PRECIS) that MUST be followed for usernames and passwords. Before comparing or evaluating uniqueness of a "userName" or "password" attribute, service providers MUST use the "PRECIS" profile described in Sections 4 and 5 respectively of [I-D.ietf-precis-saslprepbis] and is based on the "PRECIS" framework specification [I-D.ietf-precis-framework]. 5. Multi-Tenancy A single service provider may expose the SCIM protocol to multiple clients. Depending on the nature of the service, the clients may have authority to access and alter resources initially created by other clients. Alternatively, clients may expect to access disjoint sets of resources, and may expect that their resources are inaccessible by other clients. These scenarios are called "multi- tenancy", where each client is understood to be or represent a "tenant" of the service provider. Clients may also be multi- tenanted. The following common cases may occur: 1. All clients share all resources (no tenancy) Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 66] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 2. Each single client creates and accesses a private subset of resources (1 client:1 Tenant) 3. Sets of clients share sets of resources (M clients:1 Tenant) 4. One client to Multiple Tenants (1 client:M Tenants) Service providers may implement any subset of the above cases. Multi-Tenancy is OPTIONAL. The SCIM protocol does not define a scheme for multi-tenancy. The SCIM protocol does not prescribe the mechanisms whereby clients and service providers interact for: o Registering or provisioning Tenants o Associating a subset of clients with a subset of the Tenants o Indicating which tenant is associated with the data in a request or response, or indicating which Tenant is the subject of a query 5.1. Associating Clients to Tenants The service provider MAY use the authentication mechanism (Section 2) to determine the identity of the client, and thus infer the associated Tenant. For implementations where a client is associated with more than one Tenant, the service provider MAY use one of the following methods for explicit specification of the Tenant. If any of these methods of allowing the client to explicitly specify the Tenant are employed, the service provider should ensure that access controls are in place to prevent or allow cross-tenant use cases. The service provider should consider precedence in cases where a client may explicitly specify a Tenant while being implicitly associated with a different Tenant. In all of these methods, the {tenant_id} is a unique identifier for the Tenant as defined by the service provider. o A URL prefix: "https://www.example.com/Tenants/{tenant_id}/v2/ Users" o A sub-domain: "https://{tenant_id}.example.com/v2/Groups" Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 67] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 o The service provider may recognize a {tenant_id} provided by the client in an HTTP Header as the indicator of the desired target Tenant. 5.2. SCIM Identifiers with Multiple Tenants Considerations for a Multi-Tenant Implementation: The service provider may choose to implement SCIM ids which are unique across all resources for all Tenants, but this is not required. The externalId, defined by the client, is required to be unique ONLY within the resources associated with the associated Tenant. 6. Security Considerations 6.1. TLS Support The SCIM Protocol layers on top of Hypertext Transfer Protocol and thus subject to the security considerations of HTTP Section 9 [RFC7230] and its related specifications. SCIM resources (e.g., Users and Groups) can contain sensitive information. Therefore, SCIM clients and service providers MUST implement TLS. Which version(s) ought to be implemented will vary over time, and depend on the widespread deployment and known security vulnerabilities at the time of implementation. At the time of this writing, TLS version 1.2 [RFC5246] is the most recent version, but has very limited actual deployment, and might not be readily available in implementation toolkits. TLS version 1.0 [RFC5246] is the most widely deployed version, and will give the broadest interoperability. 6.2. Disclosure of Sensitive Information in URIs As mentioned in ,Section 9.4 [RFC7231], SCIM clients requesting information using query filters using HTTP GET SHOULD give consideration to the information content of the filters and whether their exposure in a URI would represent a breach of security or confidentiality through leakage in a web browsers or server logs. This is particularly true for information that is legally considered "personally identifiable information" or is otherwise restricted by privacy laws. In these situations to ensure maximum security and confidentiality, clients SHOULD query using HTTP POST (see Section 3.2.3 ). Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 68] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 Servers that receive HTTP GET requests using filters that contain restricted or confidential information SHOULD respond with HTTP status 403 indicating the operation is FORBIDDEN. A detailed error, "confidential_restricted" may be returned indicating the request must be submitted using POST. A non-normative example: HTTP/1.1 403 FORBIDDEN { "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:Error"], "Errors":[ { "description": "Query filter involving 'name' is restricted or confidential", "error":"confidential_restricted" } ] } 6.3. Anonymous Requests If a SCIM service provider accepts anonymous requests such as SCIM resource creation requests (via HTTP POST), appropriate security measures should be put in place to prevent or limit exposure to attacks. The following counter-measures MAY be used: o Try to authenticate web UI components that forumulate the SCIM creation request. While the end-user MAY be anonymous, the web user interface component often has its own way to authenticate to the SCIM service provider (e.g. has an OAuth Client Credential [RFC6749]) and the web user interface component may implement its own measures (e.g. such as CAPTCHA) to ensure a ligitimate request is being made. o Limit the number of requests any particular client MAY make in a period of time. o For User resources, default newly created resource with an "active" setting of "false" and use a secondary confirmation process (e.g. email confirmation) to ensure the resource created is real. 6.4. HTTP Considerations As an HTTP based protocol, implementers of SCIM SHOULD consider all security considerations of the HTTP/1.1 as enumerated in Section 1 [RFC7230] Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 69] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 As stated in Section 2.7.1 [RFC7230], a SCIM client MUST NOT generate the userinfo (i.e. username and password) component (and its "@" delimiter) when an "http" URI reference is generated with a message as they are now disallowed in HTTP. 6.5. Secure Storage and Handling of Sensitive Data An attacker may obtain valid username/password combinations from the SCIM service provider's underlying database by gaining access to the database and/or launching injection attacks. This could lead to unintended disclosure of username/password combinations. The impact may extend beyond the domain of the SCIM service provider if the data was provisioned from other domains. Administrators should undertake industry best practices to protect the storage of credentials and in particular SHOULD follow recommendations outlines in Section 5.1.4.1 [RFC6819]. These recommendations include but are not limited to: o Provide injection attack counter measures (e.g. by validating all inputs and parameters), o No cleartext storage of credentials, o Store credentials using an encrypted protection mechanism, and o Avoid passwords and consider use of asymmetric cryptography based credentials. As outlined in Section 5.1.4.2 [RFC6819], adminitrators SHOULD take counter measures to prevent online attacks on secrets such as: o Utilize secure password policy in order to increase user password entrophy to hinder online attacks and password guessing, o Mitigate attacks on passwords by locking respective accounts have a number of failed attempts, o Use "tar pit" techniques by temporarily locking a respective account and delaying responses for a certain duration. The duration may increase with the number of failed attempts, and o Use authentication system that use CAPTCHA's and other factors for authenticating users further reducing the possibility of automated attacks. Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 70] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 6.6. Case Insensitive Comparision & International Languages When comparing unicode strings such as in query filters or testing for uniqueness of usernames and passwords, strings MUST be appopriately prepared before comparison. See Section 4. 7. IANA Considerations 7.1. Media Type Registration To: ietf-types@iana.org Subject: Registration of media type application/scim+json Type name: application Subtype name: scim+json Required parameters: none Optional parameters: none Encoding considerations: 8bit Security considerations: See Section 6 Interoperability considerations: The "application/scim+json" media type is intended to identify JSON structure data that conforms to the SCIM protocol and schema specifications. Older versions of SCIM are known to informally use "application/json". Published specification: [[this document]] Applications that use this media type: It is expected that applications that use this type may be special purpose applications intended for inter-domain provisioning. Clients may also be applications (e.g. mobile applications) that need to use SCIM for self-registration of user accounts. SCIM services may be offered by web applications that offer support for standards based provisioning or may be a dedicated SCIM service provider such as a "cloud directory". Content may be treated as equivalent to "application/json" type for the purpose of displaying in web browsers. Additional information: Magic number(s): Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 71] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 File extension(s): .scim .scm Macintosh file type code(s): Person & email address to contact for futher information: SCIM mailing list "" Intended usage: COMMON* (see restrictions) Restrictions on usage: For most client types, it is sufficient to recognize the content as equivalent to "application/json". Applications intending to use SCIM protocol SHOULD use the application/scim+json media type. Author: Phil Hunt Change controller: IETF 7.2. SCIM Message URI Registry As per the IANA SCIM Schema Registry in [I-D.ietf-scim-core-schema], the following registers and extends the SCIM Schema Registry to define SCIM protocol request/response JSON schema URN identifier prefix of "urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0" which is part of the URN sub-Namespace for SCIM. There is no specific associated resource type. +---------------------------------+-----------------+---------------+ | Schema URI | Name | Reference | +---------------------------------+-----------------+---------------+ | urn:ietf:params:scim:api: | List/Query | See Section | | messages:2.0:ListResponse | Response | 3.2.2 | | urn:ietf:params:scim:api: | POST Query | See Section | | messages:2.0:SearchRequest | Request | 3.2.3 | | urn:ietf:params:scim:api: | Patch Operation | See Section | | messages:2.0:PatchOp | | 3.3.2 | | urn:ietf:params:scim:api: | Bulk Operations | See Section | | messages:2.0:BulkRequest | Request | 3.5 | | urn:ietf:params:scim:api: | Bulk Operations | See Section | | messages:2.0:BulkResponse | Response | 3.5 | | urn:ietf:params:scim:api: | Error Response | See Section | | messages:2.0:Error | | 3.10 | +---------------------------------+-----------------+---------------+ Table 9: SCIM Schema URIs for Data Resources Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 72] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 8. References 8.1. Normative References [I-D.ietf-precis-saslprepbis] Saint-Andre, P. and A. Melnikov, "Preparation and Comparison of Internationalized Strings Representing Usernames and Passwords", draft-ietf-precis-saslprepbis-08 (work in progress), October 2014. [I-D.ietf-scim-core-schema] Hunt, P., Grizzle, K., Wahlstroem, E., and C. Mortimore, "System for Cross-Domain Identity Management: Core Schema", draft-ietf-scim-core-schema-12 (work in progress), October 2014. [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. [RFC3629] Yergeau, F., "UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO 10646", STD 63, RFC 3629, November 2003. [RFC3986] Berners-Lee, T., Fielding, R., and L. Masinter, "Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax", STD 66, RFC 3986, January 2005. [RFC5234] Crocker, D. and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax Specifications: ABNF", STD 68, RFC 5234, January 2008. [RFC5246] Dierks, T. and E. Rescorla, "The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol Version 1.2", RFC 5246, August 2008. [RFC5789] Dusseault, L. and J. Snell, "PATCH Method for HTTP", RFC 5789, March 2010. [RFC7159] Bray, T., "The JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) Data Interchange Format", RFC 7159, March 2014. [RFC7230] Fielding, R. and J. Reschke, "Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Message Syntax and Routing", RFC 7230, June 2014. [RFC7231] Fielding, R. and J. Reschke, "Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content", RFC 7231, June 2014. [RFC7233] Fielding, R., Lafon, Y., and J. Reschke, "Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Range Requests", RFC 7233, June 2014. Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 73] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 [RFC7235] Fielding, R. and J. Reschke, "Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Authentication", RFC 7235, June 2014. 8.2. Informative References [I-D.ietf-precis-framework] Saint-Andre, P. and M. Blanchet, "PRECIS Framework: Preparation and Comparison of Internationalized Strings in Application Protocols", draft-ietf-precis-framework-18 (work in progress), September 2014. [OpenSearch] Clinton, D., "OpenSearch Protocol 1.1, Draft 5", . [Order-Operations] Wikipedia, "Order of Operations: Programming Languages", . [RFC6749] Hardt, D., "The OAuth 2.0 Authorization Framework", RFC 6749, October 2012. [RFC6750] Jones, M. and D. Hardt, "The OAuth 2.0 Authorization Framework: Bearer Token Usage", RFC 6750, October 2012. [RFC6819] Lodderstedt, T., McGloin, M., and P. Hunt, "OAuth 2.0 Threat Model and Security Considerations", RFC 6819, January 2013. [RFC6902] Bryan, P. and M. Nottingham, "JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) Patch", RFC 6902, April 2013. [RFC7238] Reschke, J., "The Hypertext Transfer Protocol Status Code 308 (Permanent Redirect)", RFC 7238, June 2014. Appendix A. Contributors Samuel Erdtman (samuel@erdtman.se) Patrick Harding (pharding@pingidentity.com) Appendix B. Acknowledgments The editors would like to acknowledge the contribution and work of the past draft editors: Trey Drake, UnboundID Chuck Mortimore, Salesforce Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 74] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 The editor would like to thank the participants in the the SCIM working group for their support of this specification. Appendix C. Change Log [[This section to be removed prior to publication as an RFC]] Draft 02 - KG - Addition of schema extensibility Draft 03 - PH - Revisions based on following tickets: 24 - Add filter negation 39 - Clarification on response for DELETE 42 - Make root searches optional 49 - Add "ew" filter 50 - Filters for multi-valued complex attributes 51 - Search by Schema 53 - Standard use of term client (some was consumer) 55 - Redirect support (3xx) 56 - Make manager attribute consistent with other $ref attrs 57 - Update all "/v1" examples to '/v2" 59 - Fix capitalization per IETF editor practices 60 - Changed tags to normal and tags Draft 04 - PH - Revisions based on the following tickets: 18 - New PATCH command based on JSON Patch (RFC6902) - Provided ABNF specification for filters (used in PATCH) - Updated references to RFC4627 to RFC7159 Draft 05 - PH - Revisions based on the following tickets: 03 - Support for excludedAttributes parameter 13 - Change client use of Etags from MUST to MAY (correction) Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 75] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 23 - Clarifications regarding case exact processing. 41 - Add IANA considerations 65 - Removed X-HTTP-Method-Override support 69 - Added clarifications to intro to align with draft-nottingham- uri-get-off-my-lawn 70 - Remove SCIM_TENANT_ID header 72 - Added text to indicate UTF-8 is default and mandatory encoding format per BCP18 74 - Added security considerations for using GET with confidential attribute filters - corrected error response in JSON PATCH operation Draft 06 - PH - Revisions based on the following tickets and editorial changes 41 - Revised content types from application/json to application/ scim+json, registered API schemas 63 - Revised uri schema prefixes for API json message schemas 66 - Updated references for RFC2616 to HTTPbis 75 - Added security considerations for International Strings and "PRECIS" support 76 - Clarified handling of PUT (& POST) with regards to mutability and default values - Corrected version numbers in sec 3.11 API Versioning to v2 (from v1) - Clarified that no filter matches should return success totalResults=0 Draft 07 - PH - Revisions regarding support of detailed errors (Tickets 37, 46, 67) Draft 08 - PH - Revisions as follows - Added clarification on schemas handling during PATCH operation Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 76] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 - Revised example URN in Attribute Notation section to comply with IANA namespace rules - Fixed typo in ABNF, attrExpr should be attrExp - Added more security considerations for HTTP and sensitive data - Revised authentication and authorization sections for greater clarity. - Replaced the word "search" with "query" for consistency - Clarified sucessful resource creation response - Added clarification on primary value handling in PATCH (consistent with draft 03) - Revised SCIM Bullk error handling to conform with draft 07 error handling Draft 09 - PH - Revisions as follows - Aligned API with new URN namespace per RFC3553 and IETF90 meeting - Clarified URN usage within patch (what schema urn applies) - Made 'path' optional in PATCH for Add and Replace Draft 10 - PH - Revisions as follows Restructuring of Bulk into sub-sections General clarifications Improved Base URI section Authorization section clarifications Draft 11 - PH - Revisions as follows Made mutability processing rules for CREATE more editorially obvious Added clarfications and security considerations for Anonymous operations Added clarifications to "/Me" for POST requests Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 77] Internet-Draft draft-ietf-scim-api-12 October 2014 Clarified use of bulkids with multiple requests Corrected JSON parsing issue by adding "Operations" attribute to PATCH operation Draft 12 - PH - Editorial NITs Fix line lengths in artwork to be 72 chars or less Remove unused references Fix normative terms per RFC2119 Updated reference to draft-reschke-http-status-308 to RFC7238 Authors' Addresses Phil Hunt (editor) Oracle Corporation Email: phil.hunt@yahoo.com Kelly Grizzle SailPoint Email: kelly.grizzle@sailpoint.com Morteza Ansari Cisco Email: morteza.ansari@cisco.com Erik Wahlstroem Technology Nexus Email: erik.wahlstrom@nexusgroup.com Chuck Mortimore Salesforce.com Email: cmortimore@salesforce.com Hunt, et al. Expires April 23, 2015 [Page 78]