Network Working Group Nabil Bitar (Editor) Verizon Internet Draft Raymond Zhang (Editor) BT Infonet Intended Status: Informational Kenji Kumaki (Editor) KDDI Corporation Expires: January 2008 July 2007 Inter-AS Requirements for the Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCECP) draft-ietf-pce-interas-pcecp-reqs-02.txt Status of this Memo By submitting this Internet-Draft, each author represents that any applicable patent or other IPR claims of which he or she is aware have been or will be disclosed, and any of which he or she becomes aware will be disclosed, in accordance with Section 6 of BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt. The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html. This Internet-Draft will expire in January 2008. Copyright Notice Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2007). Bitar, Zhang and Kumaki .Inter-AS Requirements for PCECP [Page 1] Internet Draft draft-ietf-pce-interas-pecp-reqs-02 July 2007 Abstract Multiprotocol Label Switching Traffic Engineered (MPLS-TE) Label Switched Paths (LSPs) may be established wholly within an Autonomous System (AS) or may cross AS boundaries. The Path Computation Element (PCE) is a component that is capable of computing paths for MPLS-TE LSPs. The PCE Communication Protocol(PCECP) is defined to allow communication between Path Computation Clients (PCCs) and PCEs, and between PCEs. The PCECP is used to request paths and to supply computed paths in responses. Generic requirements for the PCEP are set out in "Path Computation Element(PCE) Communication Protocol Generic Requirements", RFC 4657. This document extends those requirements to cover the use of PCEP in support of inter-AS MPLS-TE. Conventions used in this document The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119. Table of Contents 1. Introduction.....................................................3 2. Definitions......................................................3 3. Reference Model..................................................4 4. Detailed PCECP Requirements for Inter-AS Computation.............5 4.1. PCE Communication Protocol Requirements........................5 4.1.1. Requirements for path computation requests...................5 4.1.2. Requirements for path computation responses..................6 4.2. Scalability and Performance Considerations.....................7 4.3. Management Considerations......................................8 4.4. Confidentiality................................................8 4.5. Policy Controls Affecting inter-AS PCECP.......................9 4.5.1. Inter-AS PCE Peering Policy Controls.........................9 4.5.2. Inter-AS PCE Reinterpretation Policies......................10 5. Security Considerations.........................................10 6. IANA Considerations.............................................11 7. Acknowledgments.................................................11 8. Authors' Addresses..............................................11 9. Normative References............................................12 10. Informative References.........................................12 Bitar, Zhang, and Kumaki Inter-AS Requirements for PCECP [Page 2] Internet Draft draft-ietf-pce-interas-pecp-reqs-02 July 2007 1. Introduction [RFC4216] defines the scenarios motivating the deployment of inter- AS Multiprotocol Label Switching Traffic Engineering (MPLS-TE) and specifies the requirements for inter-AS MPLS-TE when the ASes are under the administration of one Service Provider (SP) or the administration of different SPs. Three signaling options are defined for setting up an inter-AS TE LSP: 1) contiguous TE LSP as documented in [INTERD-TESIG]; 2) stitched inter-AS TE LSP discussed in [LSP-STITCHING]; 3) nested TE LSP as in [RFC4206]. [INTERD-TE-PDPC] defines mechanisms for the computation of inter- domain TE LSPs using network elements along the signaling paths to compute per-domain path segments. The mechanisms in [INTERD-TE-PDPC] do not guarantee an optimum path across multiple ASes where an optimum path for an LSP is one that has the smallest cost, according to a normalized TE metric (based upon a TE-metric or IGP metric adopted in each transit AS) among all possible paths that satisfy the LSP TE-constraints. The Path Computation Element (PCE) [RFC4655] is a component that is capable of computing paths for MPLS-TE LSPs. The requirements for a PCE have come from Service Provider (SP) demands to compute optimum paths across multiple areas and/or domains, and to be able to separate the path computation elements from the forwarding elements. The PCE Communication Protocol (PCECP) is defined to allow communication between Path Computation Clients (PCCs) and PCEs, and between PCEs. The PCECP is used to request paths and to supply computed paths in responses. Generic requirements for the PCECP are discussed in [RFC4657]. This document provides a set of PCECP requirements that are specific to MPLS-TE inter-AS path computation. 2. Definitions This document adopts the definitions and acronyms defined in Section 3 of [RFC4216] and Section 2 of [RFC4655]. In addition, we use the following terminology: Bitar, Zhang, and Kumaki Inter-AS Requirements for PCECP [Page 3] Internet Draft draft-ietf-pce-interas-pecp-reqs-02 July 2007 PCECP: PCE Communication Protocol Inter-AS (G)MPLS-TE path: An MPLS-TE or Generalized MPLS (GMPLS) path that traverses two or more ASes. Intra-AS (G)MPLS-TE path: An MPLS-TE or GMPLS path that is confined to a single AS. It may traverse one or more IGP areas. Intra-AS PCE: A PCE responsible for computing MPLS-TE or GMPLS paths remaining within a single AS. Inter-AS PCE: A PCE responsible for computing inter-AS MPLS-TE or GMPLS paths or path segments, possibly by cooperating with intra-AS PCEs. 3. Reference Model Figure 1 depicts the reference model for PCEs in an inter-AS application. We refer to two types of PCE functions in this document: inter-AS PCEs and intra-AS PCEs. Inter-AS PCEs perform the procedures needed for inter-AS MPLS-TE or GMPLS path computation while intra-AS PCEs perform the functions needed for intra-AS MPLS- TE or GMPLS path computation. Lets follow a scenario that illustrates the interaction among PCCs, inter-AS PCEs and intra-AS PCEs shown Figure 1. R1 in AS1 wants to setup a MPLS-TE or a GMPLS path, call LSP1, with certain constraints to R7 in AS3. R1 determines using mechanisms out of the scope of this document that R7 is an inter-AS route and that it needs to contact its Inter-AS PCE1 to compute the path. R1, as a PCC, sends a PCECP path request to PCE1. PCE1 determines that R7 is reachable via AS2 and that PCE2 is the PCE to ask for path computation across AS2. PCE1 sends a PCECP path request to PCE2. Inter-AS PCE2, in turn, sends a PCECP path request to Intra-AS PCE R4 to compute a path within AS2 (In certain cases, the same router such R3 can assume both inter-AS and intra-AS path computation functions). R4 returns a PCECP path response to PCE2 with ASBR3 as the entry point to AS2 from AS1 and ASBR7 as the exit point to AS3. PCE2 then sends a PCECP path request to PCE3 to compute the path segment across AS3, starting at ASBR7 and terminating at R7. PCE3 returns a PCECP path response to PCE2 with the path segment ASBR7-R7. PCE2 then return path ASBR3-ASBR7-R7 to PCE1 which, in turn, returns path ASBR1- ASBR3-ASBR7-R7 to PCC R1. As described in the above scenario, in general, a PCC may contact an inter-AS PCE to request an inter-AS path, and that PCE may supply Bitar, Zhang, and Kumaki Inter-AS Requirements for PCECP [Page 4] Internet Draft draft-ietf-pce-interas-pecp-reqs-02 July 2007 the path itself, or may solicit the services of other PCEs which may, themselves be inter-AS PCEs, or may be intra-AS PCEs with the responsibility for computing path segments within just one AS. This document describes the PCE Communication Protocol requirements for inter-AS path computation. That is, for PCCs to communicate path requests for inter-AS paths to a PCE, and for the PCE to respond. It also includes the requirements for PCEs to communicate inter-AS path requests and responses. Inter-AS Inter-AS Inter AS PCC <->PCE1<--------->PCE2<--------------->PCE3 :: :: :: :: R1---ASBR1====ASBR3---R3---ASBR5====ASBR7---R5---R7 | | | | | | | | | | | | R2---ASBR2====ASBR4---R4---ASBR6====ASBR8---R6---R8 :: Intra-AS PCE <==AS1=> <====AS2======> <=====AS3===> Figure 1 Inter and Intra-AS PCE Reference Model 4. Detailed PCECP Requirements for Inter-AS Computation This section discusses detailed PCECP requirements for inter-AS MPLS-TE and GMPLS LSPs. Depending on the deployment environment, some or all of the requirements described here may be utilized. Specifically, some requirements are more applicable to inter- provider inter-AS MPLS-TE and GMPLS operations than to intra- provider operations. 4.1. PCE Communication Protocol Requirements Requirements specific to inter-AS PCECP path computation requests and responses are discussed in the following sections. 4.1.1. Requirements for path computation requests The following are inter-AS specific requirements for PCECP requests for path computation: Bitar, Zhang, and Kumaki Inter-AS Requirements for PCECP [Page 5] Internet Draft draft-ietf-pce-interas-pecp-reqs-02 July 2007 1. [RFC4657] states the requirement for a priority level to be associated with each path computation request. This document does not change that requirement, but, in addition, it MUST be possible for an inter-AS PCE to apply local policy to vary the priority of path computation requests received across AS borders. PCECP MAY include a mechanism to inform the requesting inter-AS PCE of the change in priority that was applied. 2. A path computation request by an inter-AS PCE or a PCC to another inter-AS PCE MUST be able to specify the sequence of ASes and/or ASBRs across the network by providing ASBRs and/or ASes as hops in the desired path of the LSP to the destination. For instance, an inter-AS PCE MUST be be able to specify to the inter-AS PCE serving the neighboring AS a preferred ASBR for exiting to that AS and reach the destination. That is, where multiple ASBRs exist, the requester MUST be able to indicate a non-mandatory preference for one of them. 3. PCECP MUST allow a requester to provide a list of ASes and/or ASBRs to be excluded from the computed path. 4. A PCECP path request from one inter-AS PCE to another MUST include the previous AS number in the path of the LSP to enable the correct application of local policy at the second inter-AS PCE. 5. A path computation request from a PCC to an inter-AS PCE or an inter-AS PCE to another MUST be able to specify the need for protection against node, link, or SRLG failure using 1:1 detours or facility backup. It MUST be possible to request protection across all ASes or across specific ASes. 6. The disjoint path requirements specified in [RFC4657] are extended such that it MUST be possible to apply a constraint of AS- diversity in the computation of a set of two or more paths. 7. A PCECP path computation request message MUST be able to identify the scope of diversified path computation to be end-to-end (i.e., between the endpoints of the (G)MPLS-TE tunnel) or to be limited to a specific AS. 4.1.2. Requirements for path computation responses The following are inter-AS specific requirements for PCECP responses for path computation: 1. A PCECP path computation response from one inter-AS PCE to another MUST be able to include both ASBRs and ASes in the computed path while preserving path segment and topology confidentiality. Bitar, Zhang, and Kumaki Inter-AS Requirements for PCECP [Page 6] Internet Draft draft-ietf-pce-interas-pecp-reqs-02 July 2007 2. A PCECP path computation response from one inter-AS PCE to the requesting inter-AS PCE MUST be able to carry an identifier for a path segment it computes to preserve path segment and topology confidentiality. The objective of the identifier is to be included in the LSP signaling, whose mechanism is out of scope of this document, to be used for path expansion during LSP signaling. 3. If a constraint for a desired ASBR (see Section 4.1.1, requirement 3) cannot be satisfied by a PCE, PCECP SHOULD allow the PCE to notify the requester of that fact as an error in a path computation response. 4. A PCECP path computation from an inter-AS PCE to a requesting inter-AS PCE or a PCC MUST be able to carry a cumulative inter-AS path cost. Path cost normalization across ASes is out of scope of this document. 5. A PCECP path computation response from an inter-AS PCE to a PCC SHOULD be able to carry the intra-AS cost of the path segment within the PCC AS. 6. A PCECP path computation response MUST be able to identify diversified paths for the same (G)MPLS-TE LSP. End-to-end (i.e., between the two endpoints of the (G)MPLS-TE tunnel) disjoint paths are paths that do not share nodes, links or SRLGs except for the LSP head-end and tail-end. In cases where diversified path segments are desired within one or more ASes, the disjoint path segments may share only the ASBRs of the first AS and the ASBR of the last AS across these ASes. 4.2. Scalability and Performance Considerations PCECP design for use in the inter-AS case SHOULD consider the following criteria: - PCE message processing load. - Scalability as a function of the following parameters: - number of PCCs within the scope of an inter-AS PCE - number of intra-AS PCEs within the scope of an inter-AS PCE - number of peering inter-AS PCEs per inter-AS PCE - Added complexity caused by inter-AS features. Bitar, Zhang, and Kumaki Inter-AS Requirements for PCECP [Page 7] Internet Draft draft-ietf-pce-interas-pecp-reqs-02 July 2007 4.3. Management Considerations [RFC4657] specifies generic requirements for PCECP management. This document addresses new requirements that apply to inter-AS perations. The PCECP MIB module MUST provide objects to control the behavior of PCECP in inter-AS applications. They include the ASes within the scope of an inter-AS PCE, Inter-AS PCEs in neighboring ASes to which the requesting PCE will or will not communicate, confidentiality and policies, etc.. The built-in diagnostic tools MUST enable failure detection and status checking of PCC/PCE-PCE PCECP. Diagnostic tools include statistics collection on the historical behavior of PCECP as specified in [RFC4657], but additionally it MUST be possible to analyze this statistics on a neighboring AS basis (i.e., across the inter-AS PCEs that belong to a neighboring AS). The MIB module MUST support trap functions when thresholds are crossed or when important events occur as stated in [RFC4657]. These thresholds SHOULD be specifiable per neighbor AS as well as per peer inter-AS PCE and traps should be accordingly generated. Basic liveliness detection for PCC/PCE-PCE PCECP is described in [RFC4657]. The PCECP MIB module SHOULD allow control of liveliness check behavior by providing a liveliness message frequency MIB object and this frequency object SHOULD be specified per inter-AS PCE peer. In addition, there SHOULD be a MIB object that specifies the dead-interval as a multiplier of the liveliness message frequency so that if no liveliness message is received within that time from an inter-A PCE, the inter-AS PCE is declared unreachable. 4.4. Confidentiality Confidentiality mainly applies to inter-provider (inter-AS) PCE communication. It is about protecting the information exchanged between PCEs and about protecting the topology information within a provider's network. Confidentiality rules may also apply among ASes under a single provider. Each SP will in most cases designate some PCEs for inter-AS MPLS-TE or GMPLS path computation within its own administrative domain and some other PCEs for inter-provider inter-AS MPLS-TE or GMPLS path computation. Among the inter-provider-scoped inter-AS PCEs in each SP Bitar, Zhang, and Kumaki Inter-AS Requirements for PCECP [Page 8] Internet Draft draft-ietf-pce-interas-pecp-reqs-02 July 2007 domain, there may also be a subset of the PCEs specifically enabled for path computation across a specific set of ASes of different peer SPs. PCECP SHOULD allow an SP to hide from other SPs the set of hops within its own ASes that are traversed by an inter-AS inter-provider LSP (c.f., Section 5.2.1 of [RFC4216]). In a multi-SP administrative domain environment, SPs may want to hide their network topologies for security or commercial reasons. Thus, for each inter-AS LSP path segment an inter-AS PCE computes, it may return to the requesting inter-AS PCE an inter-AS TE LSP path segment from its own ASes without detailing the explicit intra-AS hops. As stated earlier, PCECP responses SHOULD be able to carry path-segment identifiers that replace the details of that path segment. The potential use of that identifier for path expansion, for instance, during LSP signaling is out of scope of this document. 4.5. Policy Controls Affecting inter-AS PCECP Section 5.2.2 of [RFC4216] discusses the policy control requirements for inter-AS RSVP-TE signaling at the AS boundaries for the enforcement of interconnect agreements, attribute/parameter translation and security hardening. This section discusses those policy control requirements that are similar to what are discussed in section 5.2.2 of [RFC4216] for PCECP. Please note that SPs may still require policy controls during signaling of LSPs to enforce their bilateral or multi-lateral agreements at AS boundaries, but signaling is out of scope for this document. 4.5.1. Inter-AS PCE Peering Policy Controls An inter-AS PCE sends path computation requests to its neighboring inter-AS PCEs, and an inter-AS PCE that receives such a request enforces policies applicable to the sender of the request. These policies may include rewriting some of the parameters, or rejecting requests based on parameter values. Such policies may be applied for PCEs belonging to different SPs or to PCEs responsible for ASes within a single SP administrative domain. Parameters that might be subject to policy include bandwidth, setup/holding priority, Fast Reroute request, Differentiated Services Traffic Engineering (DS-TE) Class Type (CT), and others as specified in section 5.2.2.1 of [RFC4216]. Bitar, Zhang, and Kumaki Inter-AS Requirements for PCECP [Page 9] Internet Draft draft-ietf-pce-interas-pecp-reqs-02 July 2007 For path computation requests that are not compliant with locally configured policies, PCECP SHOULD enable a PCE to send an error message to the requesting PCC or PCE indicating that the request has been rejected because a specific parameter did not satisfy the local policy. 4.5.2. Inter-AS PCE Reinterpretation Policies Each SP may have different definitions in its use of, for example, DS-TE TE classes. An inter-AS PCE receiving a path computation request needs to interpret the parameters and constraints and adapt them to the local environment. Specifically, a request constructed by a PCC or PCE in one AS may have parameters and constraints that should be interpreted differently by the receiving PCE that is in a different AS. A list of signaling parameters subject to policy reinterpretation at AS borders can be found in section 5.2.2.2 of [RFC4216], and the list for path computation request parameters and constraints is the same. In addition, the transit SPs along the inter-AS TE path may be GMPLS transport providers which may require reinterpretation of MPLS specific PCECP path request objects to enable path computation over a GMPLS network. 5. Security Considerations Security concerns arise between any two communicating PCC/PCEs especially when they belong to different administrative entities. Security concerns that need to be addressed are for communication among inter-AS PCEs and other PCEs in a single SP administrative domain as well among inter-AS PCEs under different SP administrative domains. [RFC4657] specifies requirements on PCECP to protect against spoofing, snooping and DoS attacks. These requirements become especially critical in the multi-AS case. Additionally, two aspects of operations specific to inter-AS PCEs require careful security considerations. There are two modes of determining peering PCEs across the AS boundary manual configuration and auto-discovery. In the manual mode, mechanisms for securely exchanging authentication keys across SP boundaries MUST be defined. For example, PCE registration MAY be served as a mechanism for securely exchanging authentication keys across SP boundaries. In the auto-discovery mode, inter-as PCEs can be auto- discovered only if it is configured to participate in that discovery scope. An inter-AS PCE is not necessarily able to establish PCEP Bitar, Zhang, and Kumaki Inter-AS Requirements for PCECP [Page 10] Internet Draft draft-ietf-pce-interas-pecp-reqs-02 July 2007 sessions with the discovered PCEs in its scope(s), it MUST be able to authenticate with the peering inter-AS PCE, therefore mechanisms for securely exchanging authentication keys across SP boundaries MUST also be defined in this case. Furthermore, the auto-discovery process itself MUST also be authenticated. 6. IANA Considerations This document makes no requests for IANA action. 7. Acknowledgments We would like to thank Adrian Farrel, Jean-Philippe Vasseur, and Jean Louis Le Roux for their useful comments and suggestions. 8. Authors' Addresses Nabil Bitar Verizon 40 Sylvan Road Waltham, MA 02451 Email: nabil.n.bitar@verizon.com Kenji Kumaki KDDI Corporation Garden Air Tower Iidabashi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8460, JAPAN Phone: +81-3-6678-3103 Email: ke-kumaki@kddi.com Raymond Zhang BT 2160 E. Grand Ave. El Segundo, CA 90245 USA Email: Raymond_zhang@bt.com 9. Normative References [RFC4216] Zhang and Vasseur, "MPLS Inter-AS Traffic Engineering Requirements", RFC 4216, November 2005. Bitar, Zhang, and Kumaki Inter-AS Requirements for PCECP [Page 11] Internet Draft draft-ietf-pce-interas-pecp-reqs-02 July 2007 [RFC4655] Farrel, Vasseur & Ash, "A Path Computation Element (PCE)- Based Architecture", RFC 4755, August 2006. [RFC4657] J. Ash, J.L Le Roux et al., "PCE Communication Protocol Generic Requirements", RFC 4657, September 2006. 10. Informative References [INTERD-TESIG] Ayyangar and Vasseur, "Inter domain GMPLS Traffic Engineering - RSVP-TE extensions", draft-ietf-ccamp-inter-domain- rsvp-te-06.txt, April 2006 (Work in Progress) [LSP-STITCHING] Ayyangar A., Vasseur JP., "LSP Stitching with Generalized MPLS TE", draft-ietf-ccamp-lsp-stitching-06.txt, September 2005, (work in progress). [RFC4206] Kompella K., Rekhter Y., "Label switched Paths(LSP) Hierarchy with Generalized MPLS TE", RFC4206, October 2005. [INTERD-TE-PDPC] Vasseur, Ayyangar and Zhang, "A Per-domain path computation method for computing Inter-domain Traffic Engineering (TE) Label Switched Path (LSP)", draft-ietf-ccamp-inter-domain-pd- path-comp-05.txt, February 2006, (Work in Progress). Intellectual Property Statement The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any Intellectual Property Rights or other rights that might be claimed to pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in this document or the extent to which any license under such rights might or might not be available; nor does it represent that it has made any independent effort to identify any such rights. Information on the procedures with respect to rights in RFC documents can be found in BCP 78 and BCP 79. 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Disclaimer of Validity This document and the information contained herein are provided on an "AS IS" basis and THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE INTERNET SOCIETY, THE IETF TRUST AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Copyright Statement Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2007). This document is subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions contained in BCP 78, and except as set forth therein, the authors retain all their rights. Acknowledgement Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the Internet Society. Bitar, Zhang, and Kumaki Inter-AS Requirements for PCECP [Page 13]