Long-term Archive And Notary T. Kunz Services (LTANS) S. Okunick Internet-Draft Fraunhofer Institute for Secure Intended status: Standards Track Information Technology Expires: April 17, 2008 U. Pordesch Fraunhofer Gesellschaft October 15, 2007 Data Structure for Security Suitabilities of Cryptographic Algorithms (DSSC) draft-ietf-ltans-dssc-01.txt Status of this Memo By submitting this Internet-Draft, each author represents that any applicable patent or other IPR claims of which he or she is aware have been or will be disclosed, and any of which he or she becomes aware will be disclosed, in accordance with Section 6 of BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet- Drafts. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt. The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html. This Internet-Draft will expire on April 17, 2008. Copyright Notice Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2007). Kunz, et al. Expires April 17, 2008 [Page 1] Internet-Draft DSSC October 2007 Abstract In many application areas it must be possible to prove the existence and integrity of digital signed data. This proof depends on the security suitability of the used cryptographic algorithms. Because algorithms can become weak over the years, it is necessary to periodically evaluate these security suitabilities. When signing or verifying data, these evaluations must be considered. This document specifies a data structure for security suitabilities of cryptographic algorithms which may be automatically interpreted. Kunz, et al. Expires April 17, 2008 [Page 2] Internet-Draft DSSC October 2007 Conventions used in this document The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119]. Table of Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.1. Motivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.2. Use Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3. Requirements and Assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3.1. Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3.2. Assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4. Data Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 4.1. SecuritySuitabilityPolicy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 4.2. PolicyName . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 4.3. Publisher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 4.4. Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 4.5. PolicyIssueDate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 4.6. NextUpdate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 4.7. Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 4.8. AlgorithmIdentifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 4.9. Parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 4.10. Validity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 4.11. Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 4.12. Signature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 5. Definition of Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 6. Proceeding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 7. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 8. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 8.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 8.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Appendix A. Example of a Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Appendix B. Verification of Evidence Records using DSSC . . . . . 25 Appendix C. XML schema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Appendix D. ASN.1 Module in 1988 Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Appendix E. ASN.1 Module in 1997 Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements . . . . . . . . . . 36 Kunz, et al. Expires April 17, 2008 [Page 3] Internet-Draft DSSC October 2007 1. Introduction 1.1. Motivation Digital signatures are means to provide data integrity and authentication. They are based on cryptographic algorithms, which must have certain security properties. For example, hash algorithms have to be resistant to collisions and in case of public key algorithms it must not be possible to compute the private key of a given public key. If algorithms did not have the required properties, signatures could be forged. Very few algorithms satisfy the security requirements and are suitable for usage in signatures. Besides, because of the increasing performance of computers and progresses in cryptography, algorithms or their parameters become insecure over the years. E.g. the hash algorithm MD5 is impractical by now. A digital signature using such "weak" algorithms may lose its probative value. Every kind of digital signed data like signed documents, time stamps, certificates, and revocation lists is affected, in particular in the case of long- term archiving. Over long periods of time, it is realistic to assume that the algorithms used in signatures become insecure. For this reason, it is important to periodically reevaluate algorithms regarding their security properties and to consider these evaluations when creating, verifying or renewing signatures. Such evaluations will give a prognosis how long an algorithm will be presumably secure and help to detect, whether insecure algorithms are used in a signature or whether signatures have been timely renewed. The evaluation of security suitabilites of algorithms cannot be done by the user itself. They are made by expert committees after long scientific discussion and published by specific evaluation institutions. In Germany the Federal Network Agency annually publishes a current evaluation of cryptografic algorithms [BNetzAg.2007]. Examples for European and international evaluations are [NIST.800-57-Part1.2006] and [ETSI-TS102176-1-2005]. These publications evaluate algorithms in a textual form and are not interpretable by computer programs. Therefore it is necessary to define an automatically interpretable data structure holding the algorithm evaluations. In this way evaluation institutions are able use the standardized form for publication. Such policies can be interpreted by e.g. signing and verification tools. In the following, such evaluations are called security suitability policy. This document specifies a data structure for security suitability policies. Kunz, et al. Expires April 17, 2008 [Page 4] Internet-Draft DSSC October 2007 1.2. Use Cases In the following we present some use cases for security suitability policies. Long-term archiving: The most important use case for security suitability policies is the long-term archiving of signed data. Algorithms or their parameters become insecure over very long periods of time. Therefore signatures of archived data and timestamps have to be periodically renewed. Policies provide informations about suitable and threatened algorithms. Additionally the policies assist in verifying archived and re- signed documents. Services: Services may provide information about cryptographic algorithms. E.g. such services can use these policies to provide the date when an algorithm became insecure or presumably will become insecure or to provide all algorithms which are presently valid. Such services could be used by verification tools or long- term archiving systems so that they do not need to deal with the algorithm security by themselves. Long-term Archive Services (LTA) as defined in [RFC4810]) may use the policies for signature renewal. Additionally the policies may be integrated in Evidence Records (ERS, [RFC4998]) as further validation data. Signing and verifying: When signing documents, certificates or attestations, e.g. within an LTAP transaction ([I-D.ietf-ltans-ltap]), it has to be assured that the algorithms which will be used for signing are suitable. Accordingly when verifying e.g CMS ([RFC3852]) or XML signatures ([RFC3275], [ETSI-TS101903]), not only the validity of the certificates may be checked, but also the validity of the used algorithms. Reencryption: Security suitability policies can also be used to decide if encrypted documents must be reencrypted because the encryption algorithm is no longer secure. Kunz, et al. Expires April 17, 2008 [Page 5] Internet-Draft DSSC October 2007 2. Terminology Algorithm: In the context of this document, a cryptographic algorithm, i.e. a public key or hash algorithm. For public key algorithms this is the algorithm with its parameters. Operator: Instance which uses and interprets a policy, e.g. a signature component. Policy: In this document, an abbreviation for security suitability policy. Publisher: Instance that publishes the evaluation of algorithms in form of policies. Security suitability policy: The evaluation of cryptographic algorithms according to their security in a specific application area, e.g. signing or verifying data. The evaluation is published in an electronic format. Suitable algorithm: An algorithm which is evaluated in a policy, i.e. is rated to be valid. Kunz, et al. Expires April 17, 2008 [Page 6] Internet-Draft DSSC October 2007 3. Requirements and Assumptions This section first describes general requirements for a data structure containing the securitiy suitabilities of algorithms. Afterwards model assumptions are specified concerning both the design and the usage of the data structure. An evaluation of the security suitability of algorithms results in a policy. It contains a list of the evaluated algorithms. An evaluated algorithm is described by its identifier, security constraints and predicted validity period. By these constraints the requirements for algorithm properties must be defined, e.g. a public key algorithm is evaluated on the basis of its parameter. 3.1. Requirements Automatic interpretation: The data structure of the policy must allow an automatic interpretation in order to consider the security suitabilities of algorithms when signing, verifying or renewing signatures. Flexibility: The data structure must be flexible enough to support new algorithms. In a future policy publication an algorithm could be included, that is currently unknown. It must be possible to add new algorithms with the corresponding security constraints in the data structure. Besides, the data structure must be independent of the intended purpose, e.g. signing, verifying, and signature renewing. Considering different policies: Policies may be published by different institutions, e.g. on national or EU level, whereas one policy needs not to be in agreement with the other one. Furthermore organizations may undertake own evaluations for internal purposes. For this reason a policy must be attributable to its publisher. Integrity and authenticity: The integrity and authenticity of a published security suitability policy should be assured. The publisher must be able to sign the policy so that operators may prove the identity and trustworthiness of a policy. 3.2. Assumptions We assume that a security suitability policy contains the evaluations of all currently known algorithms, including the expired ones. The latest policy is significant to decide whether an algorithm is currently suitable. An algorithm is valid now if it is contained in Kunz, et al. Expires April 17, 2008 [Page 7] Internet-Draft DSSC October 2007 the current policy and the end of the validity period is in the future, respectivly open-end. If an algorithm appears in a policy for the first time, it will be assumed that the algorithm has already been suitable in the past. Generally an algorithm is used in practice before it is evaluated. To avoid inconsistencies, multiple instances of the same algorithm definition as well as validity overlaps for one algorithm are prohibited. It is up to the publisher to take care about preventing conflicts within a policy. Assertions made in the policy are suitable at least until the next policy is published. An algorithm once expired must not get valid again in a future policy. There must not be any gaps in the validity periods. Kunz, et al. Expires April 17, 2008 [Page 8] Internet-Draft DSSC October 2007 4. Data Structures This section describes the syntax of a security suitability policy defined as an XML schema. The ASN.1 modules are defined in Appendix D and Appendix E. The schema uses the following namespace: http://www.sit.fraunhofer.de/dssc Within this document, the prefix "dssc" is used for this namespace. The schema starts with the following schema definition: 4.1. SecuritySuitabilityPolicy The SecuritySuitabilityPolicy element is the root element of a policy. It has an optional id attribute which must be used as a reference when signing the policy (Section 4.12). The element is defined by the following schema: Kunz, et al. Expires April 17, 2008 [Page 9] Internet-Draft DSSC October 2007 4.2. PolicyName The PolicyName element contains the name of the policy. It consists of an arbitrary name and an optional Uniform Resource Identifier (URI). 4.3. Publisher The Publisher element contains information about the publisher of the policy. It is composed of the name, e.g. name of institution, an optional address, and an optional URI. 4.4. Address The Address element consists of the street, the locality, the optional state or province, the postal code, and the country. Kunz, et al. Expires April 17, 2008 [Page 10] Internet-Draft DSSC October 2007 4.5. PolicyIssueDate The PolicyIssueDate element indicates the point of time when the policy was issued. 4.6. NextUpdate The optional NextUpdate element may be used to indicate when the next policy will be issued. 4.7. Algorithm A security suitability policy must contain at least one Algorithm element. An Algorithm element describes the evaluation of one cryptographic algorithm. An algorithm is identified by an AlgorithmIdentifier element. Additionally specific parameter constraints, e.g. a modulus length, may be specified. The suitability of the algorithm is expressed by a validity period. The Algorithm element is defined by the following schema: Kunz, et al. Expires April 17, 2008 [Page 11] Internet-Draft DSSC October 2007 4.8. AlgorithmIdentifier The AlgorithmIdentifier element is used to identify a cryptographic algorithm. It consists of the algorithm name and optionally one or more object identifers and URIs. The element is defined as follows: 4.9. Parameter By the Parameter element, constraints on algorithm specific parameters are expressed. E.g. the suitability of the RSA algorithm depends on the "modulus" parameter (RSA with a modulus length of 1024 may have another suitability period as RSA with a modulus length of 2048). Note that not all algorithm suitabilities depend on parameter constraints, e.g. current hash algorithms like SHA-1 or RIPEMD-160 do not have any parameters. The Parameter element has a name attribute which holds the name of the parameter (e.g. "modulus" for RSA [RFC2437]). Besides a better readability of the policy, the attribute may be used by implementations for output messages. In Section 5 the parameter names of currently known signature algorithms are defined. For the actual parameter, an exact value or a range of values can be defined. These constraints are expressed by the following elements: Exact: The Exact element specifies the exact value of the parameter. Min: The Min element defines the minimum value of the parameter. That means, also all other values greater than the given one meet the requirements. Max: The Max element defines the maximum value the parameter may take. Kunz, et al. Expires April 17, 2008 [Page 12] Internet-Draft DSSC October 2007 Range: The Range element is used to define a range of values, consisting of a minimum and a maximum value. The parameter may have any value within the defined range. For one algorithm it is recommended not to mix these elements in order to avoid inconsistencies. These constraints are sufficient for all current algorithms. If future algorithms will need constraints which cannot be expressed by the elements above, an arbitrary XML structure may be inserted which meets the new constraints. For this reason, the Parameter element contains an "any" element. The schema for the Parameter element is as follows: 4.10. Validity The Validity element is used to define the period of the (predicted) suitability of the algorithm. It is composed of an optional start date and an optional end date. Defining no end date means the algorithm has an open-end validity. Of course this may be restricted by a future policy which sets an end date for the algorithm. If the end of the validity period is in the past, the algorithm is not suitable. The element is defined by the following schema: Kunz, et al. Expires April 17, 2008 [Page 13] Internet-Draft DSSC October 2007 4.11. Information The Information element may be used to give additional textual information about the algorithm or the evaluation, e.g. references on algorithm specifications. The element is defined as follows: 4.12. Signature The optional Signature element may be used to guarantee the integrity and authenticity of the policy. It is an XML signature specified in [RFC3275]. The signature must relate to the SecuritySuitabilityPolicy element. If the Signature element is set, the SecuritySuitabilityPolicy element must have the optional id attribute. This attribute must be used to reference the SecuritySuitabilityPolicy element within the Signature element. Since it is an enveloped signature, the signature must use the transformation algorithm identified by the following URI: http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#enveloped-signature Kunz, et al. Expires April 17, 2008 [Page 14] Internet-Draft DSSC October 2007 5. Definition of Parameters This section defines the parameter names for the currently known public key algorithms. The signature algorithms RSA [RFC2437] and DSA [FIPS.186-1.1998] are always used in conjunction with a one-way hash algorithm. RSA with RIPEMD-160 is such a combined algorithm with its own object identifier. RSA and DSA may be combined with the suitable hash algorithms SHA-1, SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384, SHA-512, and RIPEMD-160. The following parameters refer to the appropriate combined algorithms as well. The parameter of RSA should be named "modulus". The parameters for DSA should be "p" and "q". Publisher of policies must use the same parameter names, so that the correct interpretation is guaranteed. Kunz, et al. Expires April 17, 2008 [Page 15] Internet-Draft DSSC October 2007 6. Proceeding This section describes how to analyze a policy, i.e. how to extract the informations out of the policy needed by the different use cases. To get these informations, the latest policy containing all algorithms is relevant. 1. Is an algorithm currently valid? Procedure: The wanted algorithm has to be listed in the current policy. The algorithm is valid, if its validity end date is in the future or not defined. Input: algorithm Response: true or false 2. Did an algorithm have been valid at a particular date in the past? Procedure: The algorithm is valid, if it is listed in the current policy and the end of the validity period is after the particular date or is not defined. Input: algorithm and date Response: true or false 3. Until which date in the future an algorithm is predicted to be valid? Procedure: The wanted algorithm has to be listed in the current policy. If the end date of the algorithm is in the future, this is the predicted date. If the validity end date is not defined, the algorithm is valid open-end. Input: algorithm Response: date or null (open-end) or error, if the algorithm does not exist or the validity end date is in the past 4. At which date an algorithm became invalid? Procedure: The wanted algorithm has to be listed in the current policy. The particular date is the validity end date of the listed algorithm, which has to be in the past. Input: algorithm Response: date or error, if date has never been valid or is valid now 5. Which algorithms are currently valid? Procedure: All algorithms included in the current policy are valid whose validity end date is in the future or is not defined. Response: list of algorithms 6. Which algorithms have been valid at a particular date in the past? Procedure: All algorithms included in the current policy are Kunz, et al. Expires April 17, 2008 [Page 16] Internet-Draft DSSC October 2007 valid whose validity end date is after the particular date or is not defined. Additionally any algorithm newly added in one following policy has been valid. Input: date Response: list of algorithms To determine the validity of a particular algorithm, first the algorithm definition has to be found in the policy. Therefore, the algorithm identifier has to match and the parameter constraints have to be fulfilled. To fulfill means, the exact value is given or a parameter fulfills the constraint definition if its value matches the exactly defined value or is in the defined range. Kunz, et al. Expires April 17, 2008 [Page 17] Internet-Draft DSSC October 2007 7. Security Considerations The used policies for security suitabilities have great impact on the quality of signatures and verification results. If evaluations of algorithms are wrong, signatures with a low probative force could be created and verification results could be incorrect. The following security considerations have been identified: 1. An institution publishing a policy must take care via organizational measures that unauthorized manipulation of security suitabilities is impossible before a policy is signed and published. 2. A client should only accept signed policies issued by a trusted institution. It must not be possible to unnoticeably manipulate or replace security suitabilities once accepted by the client. 3. A threat arises when a client downloads a policy too late although the policy has already been published. In this case, the client would work with obsolete security suitabilities. To minimize this risk, the client should periodically check if new policies are published. This check could be done automatically by signature and verification components. 4. When signing a policy, only algorithms should be used which are suitable according this policy. Kunz, et al. Expires April 17, 2008 [Page 18] Internet-Draft DSSC October 2007 8. References 8.1. Normative References [ETSI-TS101903] European Telecommunication Standards Institute (ETSI), "XML Advanced Electronic Signatures (XAdES)", ETSI TS 101 903, Feb 2002. [I-D.ietf-ltans-ltap] Jerman-Blazic, A., "Long-term Archive Protocol (LTAP)", draft-ietf-ltans-ltap-05 (work in progress), July 2007. [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. [RFC3275] Eastlake, D., Reagle, J., and D. Solo, "(Extensible Markup Language) XML-Signature Syntax and Processing", RFC 3275, March 2002. [RFC3280] Housley, R., Polk, W., Ford, W., and D. Solo, "Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Certificate and Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Profile", RFC 3280, April 2002. [RFC3852] Housley, R., "Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS)", RFC 3852, July 2004. [RFC4810] Wallace, C., Pordesch, U., and R. Brandner, "Long-Term Archive Service Requirements", RFC 4810, March 2007. [RFC4998] Gondrom, T., Brandner, R., and U. Pordesch, "Evidence Record Syntax (ERS)", RFC 4998, August 2007. 8.2. Informative References [BNetzAg.2007] Federal Network Agency for Electricity, Gas, Telecommunications, Post and Railway, "Bekanntmachung zur elektronischen Signatur nach dem Signaturgesetz und der Signaturverordnung (Uebersicht ueber geeignete Algorithmen)", April 2007, . [ETSI-TS102176-1-2005] European Telecommunication Standards Institute (ETSI), "Electronic Signatures and Infrastructures (ESI); "Algorithms and Parameters for Secure Electronic Kunz, et al. Expires April 17, 2008 [Page 19] Internet-Draft DSSC October 2007 Signatures; Part 1: Hash functions and asymmetric algorithms"", ETSI TS 102 176-1 V1.2.1, July 2005. [FIPS.186-1.1998] National Institute of Standards and Technology, "Digital Signature Standard", FIPS PUB 186-1, December 1998, . [NIST.800-57-Part1.2006] National Institute of Standards and Technology, "Recommendation for Key Management - Part 1: General (Revised)", NIST 800-57 Part1, May 2006. [RFC2437] Kaliski, B. and J. Staddon, "PKCS #1: RSA Cryptography Specifications Version 2.0", RFC 2437, October 1998. Kunz, et al. Expires April 17, 2008 [Page 20] Internet-Draft DSSC October 2007 Appendix A. Example of a Policy In the following an example of a policy is presented. It is generated on the basis of the last evaluation of the German Federal Network Agency ([BNetzAg.2007]). The policy consists on hash algorithms as well as public key algorithms. RSA with modulus length of 768 is an example for an expired algorithm. Evaluation of suitable signature algorithms 2007 Federal Network Agency 2007-04-12T00:00:00 RIPEMD-160 1.3.36.3.2.1 2010-12-31 SHA-256 2.16.840.1.101.3.4.2.1 2012-12-31 SHA-384 2.16.840.1.101.3.4.2.2 2012-12-31 SHA-512 2.16.840.1.101.3.4.2.3 2012-12-31 Kunz, et al. Expires April 17, 2008 [Page 21] Internet-Draft DSSC October 2007 SHA-224 2.16.840.1.101.3.4.2.4 2012-12-31 SHA-1 1.3.14.3.2.26 2009-12-31 RSA 768 1.3.14.3.2.26 768 2000-12-31 RSA 1024 1.3.14.3.2.26 1024 2007-12-31 RSA 1280 1.3.14.3.2.26 1280 2008-12-31 RSA 1536 1.3.14.3.2.26 1536 2009-12-31 RSA 1728 1.3.14.3.2.26 Kunz, et al. Expires April 17, 2008 [Page 22] Internet-Draft DSSC October 2007 1728 2010-12-31 RSA 1976 1.2.840.113549.1.1.1 1976 2012-12-31 DSA 1024 1.2.840.10040.4.1 1.3.14.3.2.12 1024 160 2007-12-31 DSA 1280 1.2.840.10040.4.1 1.3.14.3.2.12 1280 160 2008-12-31 DSA 1536 1.2.840.10040.4.1 1.3.14.3.2.12 1536 160 2009-12-31 DSA 2048 1.2.840.10040.4.1 1.3.14.3.2.12 Kunz, et al. Expires April 17, 2008 [Page 23] Internet-Draft DSSC October 2007 2048 224 2012-12-31 Combined algorithms should also be part of the policy since some programs know the object identifiers of combined algorithms instead of the general public key algorithm. The following excerpt describes a combined algorithm. The validity end date is given by the end dates of RSA and RIPEMD-160, in particular it is the former one. Combined algorithms could replace the public key algorithms in the policy example. They could also be listed together with public key algorithms. RIPEMD-160 with RSA 1.3.36.3.3.1.2 1024 2007-12-31 Kunz, et al. Expires April 17, 2008 [Page 24] Internet-Draft DSSC October 2007 Appendix B. Verification of Evidence Records using DSSC This section describes the verification of an Evidence Record according to the Evidence Record Syntax [RFC4998] by using the presented data structure. An Evidence Record contains a sequence of archiveTimeStampChains which consist of ArchiveTimeStamps. For each archiveTimeStamp the hash algorithm used for the hash tree (digestAlgorithm) and the public key algorithm and hash algorithm in the time stamp signature have to be examined. The definitive date is the time information in the time stamp (date of issue). Starting with the first ArchiveTimestamp it has to be assured that 1. The time stamp uses public key and hash algorithms which have been suitable at the date of issue. 2. The hashtree was build with an hash algorithm that has been suitable at the date of issue as well. 3. Algorithms for time stamp and hashtree in the preceding ArchiveTimestamp must have been suitable at the issuing date of considered ArchiveTimestamp. 4. Algorithms in the last ArchiveTimstamp have to be suitable now. If the check of one of these item fails, this will lead to a failure of the verification. Kunz, et al. Expires April 17, 2008 [Page 25] Internet-Draft DSSC October 2007 Appendix C. XML schema Kunz, et al. Expires April 17, 2008 [Page 26] Internet-Draft DSSC October 2007 Kunz, et al. Expires April 17, 2008 [Page 27] Internet-Draft DSSC October 2007 Kunz, et al. Expires April 17, 2008 [Page 28] Internet-Draft DSSC October 2007 Appendix D. ASN.1 Module in 1988 Syntax ASN.1-Module DSSC {...} -- TODO: define OID! DEFINITIONS IMPLICIT TAGS ::= BEGIN -- EXPORT ALL -- IMPORTS -- Imports from RFC 3280 [RFC3280], Appendix A.1 UTF8String, AlgorithmIdentifier, Certificate FROM PKIX1Explicit88 { iso(1) identified-organization(3) dod(6) internet(1) security(5) mechanisms(5) pkix(7) mod(0) pkix1-explicit(18) } ; SecuritySuitabilityPolicy ::= SEQUENCE { tbsPolicy TBSPolicy, signature Signature OPTIONAL } TBSPolicy ::= SEQUENCE { version INTEGER { v1(1) } OPTIONAL, policyName PolicyName, publisher Publisher, policyIssueDate GeneralizedTime, nextUpdate GeneralizedTime OPTIONAL, algorithms SEQUENCE OF Algorithm } PolicyName ::= SEQUENCE { name UTF8String, oid OBJECT IDENTIFIER OPTIONAL } Publisher ::= SEQUENCE { name UTF8String, address [0] Address OPTIONAL, uri [1] IA5String OPTIONAL } Kunz, et al. Expires April 17, 2008 [Page 29] Internet-Draft DSSC October 2007 Address ::= SEQUENCE { street [0] UTF8String, locality [1] UTF8String, stateOrProvince [2] UTF8String OPTIONAL, postalCode [3] UTF8String, country [4] UTF8String } Algorithm ::= SEQUENCE { algorithmIdentifier AlgID, parameters [0] SEQUENCE OF Parameter OPTIONAL, validity [1] Validity, information [2] SEQUENCE OF UTF8String OPTIONAL } AlgID ::= SEQUENCE { name UTF8String, oid [0] SEQUENCE OF OBJECT IDENTIFIER OPTIONAL, uri [1] SEQUENCE OF IA5String OPTIONAL } Parameter ::= SEQUENCE { name UTF8String, constraint CHOICE { exact [0] OCTET STRING, min [1] OCTET STRING, max [2] OCTET STRING, range [3] Range, other [4] OtherConstraints } } OtherConstraints ::= SEQUENCE { otherConstraintType OBJECT IDENTIFIER, otherConstraint ANY DEFINED BY otherConstraintType } Range ::= SEQUENCE { min [0] OCTET STRING, max [1] OCTET STRING } Validity ::= SEQUENCE { start [0] GeneralizedTime OPTIONAL, end [1] GeneralizedTime OPTIONAL } Signature ::= SEQUENCE { Kunz, et al. Expires April 17, 2008 [Page 30] Internet-Draft DSSC October 2007 signatureAlgorithm AlgorithmIdentifier, signature OCTET STRING, certificates SEQUENCE OF Certificate OPTIONAL } END Kunz, et al. Expires April 17, 2008 [Page 31] Internet-Draft DSSC October 2007 Appendix E. ASN.1 Module in 1997 Syntax ASN.1-Module DSSC {...} -- TODO: define OID! DEFINITIONS IMPLICIT TAGS ::= BEGIN -- EXPORT ALL -- IMPORTS -- Imports from AuthenticationFramework AlgorithmIdentifier, Certificate FROM AuthenticationFramework {joint-iso-itu-t ds(5) module(1) authenticationFramework(7) 4} ; SecuritySuitabilityPolicy ::= SEQUENCE { tbsPolicy TBSPolicy, signature Signature OPTIONAL } TBSPolicy ::= SEQUENCE { version INTEGER { v1(1) } OPTIONAL, policyName PolicyName, publisher Publisher, policyIssueDate GeneralizedTime, nextUpdate GeneralizedTime OPTIONAL, algorithms SEQUENCE OF Algorithm } PolicyName ::= SEQUENCE { name UTF8String, oid OBJECT IDENTIFIER OPTIONAL } Publisher ::= SEQUENCE { name UTF8String, address [0] Address OPTIONAL, uri [1] IA5String OPTIONAL } Kunz, et al. Expires April 17, 2008 [Page 32] Internet-Draft DSSC October 2007 Address ::= SEQUENCE { street [0] UTF8String, locality [1] UTF8String, stateOrProvince [2] UTF8String OPTIONAL, postalCode [3] UTF8String, country [4] UTF8String } Algorithm ::= SEQUENCE { algorithmIdentifier AlgID, parameters [0] SEQUENCE OF Parameter OPTIONAL, validity [1] Validity, information [2] SEQUENCE OF UTF8String OPTIONAL } AlgID ::= SEQUENCE { name UTF8String, oid [0] SEQUENCE OF OBJECT IDENTIFIER OPTIONAL, uri [1] SEQUENCE OF IA5String OPTIONAL } Parameter ::= SEQUENCE { name UTF8String, constraint CHOICE { exact [0] OCTET STRING, min [1] OCTET STRING, max [2] OCTET STRING, range [3] Range, other [4] OtherConstraints } } OtherConstraints ::= SEQUENCE { otherConstraintType CONSTRAINT-TYPE.&id ({SupportedConstraints}), otherConstraint CONSTRAINT-TYPE.&Type ({SupportedConstraints}{@otherConstraintType}) } CONSTRAINT-TYPE ::= TYPE-IDENTIFIER SupportedConstraints CONSTRAINT-TYPE ::= {...} Range ::= SEQUENCE { min [0] OCTET STRING, max [1] OCTET STRING } Validity ::= SEQUENCE { Kunz, et al. Expires April 17, 2008 [Page 33] Internet-Draft DSSC October 2007 start [0] GeneralizedTime OPTIONAL, end [1] GeneralizedTime OPTIONAL } Signature ::= SEQUENCE { signatureAlgorithm AlgorithmIdentifier, signature OCTET STRING, certificates SEQUENCE OF Certificate OPTIONAL } END Kunz, et al. Expires April 17, 2008 [Page 34] Internet-Draft DSSC October 2007 Authors' Addresses Thomas Kunz Fraunhofer Institute for Secure Information Technology Rheinstrasse 75 Darmstadt D-64295 Germany Email: thomas.kunz@sit.fraunhofer.de Susanne Okunick Fraunhofer Institute for Secure Information Technology Rheinstrasse 75 Darmstadt D-64295 Germany Email: susanne.okunick@sit.fraunhofer.de Ulrich Pordesch Fraunhofer Gesellschaft Rheinstrasse 75 Darmstadt D-64295 Germany Email: ulrich.pordesch@zv.fraunhofer.de Kunz, et al. Expires April 17, 2008 [Page 35] Internet-Draft DSSC October 2007 Full Copyright Statement Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2007). 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The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary rights that may cover technology that may be required to implement this standard. Please address the information to the IETF at ietf-ipr@ietf.org. Acknowledgment Funding for the RFC Editor function is provided by the IETF Administrative Support Activity (IASA). Kunz, et al. Expires April 17, 2008 [Page 36]