I2NSF Working Group J. Jeong Internet-Draft C. Chung Intended status: Standards Track Sungkyunkwan University Expires: September 12, 2020 T. Ahn Korea Telecom R. Kumar Juniper Networks S. Hares Huawei March 11, 2020 I2NSF Consumer-Facing Interface YANG Data Model draft-ietf-i2nsf-consumer-facing-interface-dm-08 Abstract This document describes an information model and a YANG data model for the Consumer-Facing Interface between an Interface to Network Security Functions (I2NSF) User and Security Controller in an I2NSF system in a Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) environment. The information model defines various types of managed objects and the relationship among them needed to build the interface. The information model is organized based on the "Event-Condition-Action" (ECA) policy model defined by a capability information model for I2NSF [i2nsf-capability-im], and the data model is defined for enabling different users of a given I2NSF system to define, manage, and monitor security policies for specific flows within an administrative domain. Status of This Memo This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet- Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." This Internet-Draft will expire on September 12, 2020. Jeong, et al. Expires September 12, 2020 [Page 1] Internet-Draft Consumer-Facing Interface YANG Data Model March 2020 Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2020 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License. Table of Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. Requirements Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4. Information Model for Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4.1. Event Sub-model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4.2. Condition Sub-model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 4.3. Action Sub-model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 5. Information Model for Policy Endpoint Groups . . . . . . . . 10 5.1. User Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 5.2. Device Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 5.3. Location Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 6. Information Model for Threat Prevention . . . . . . . . . . . 13 6.1. Threat Feed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 6.2. Payload Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 7. Network Configuration Access Control Model (NACM) . . . . . . 15 8. YANG Data Model of Consumer-Facing Interface . . . . . . . . 15 9. XML Configuration Examples of High-Level Security Policy Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 9.1. Database Registration: Information of Positions and Devices (Endpoint Group) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 9.2. Scenario 1: Block SNS Access during Business Hours . . . 37 9.3. Scenario 2: Block Malicious VoIP/VoLTE Packets Coming to a Company . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 9.4. Scenario 3: Mitigate HTTP and HTTPS Flood Attacks on a Company Web Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 10. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 11. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 12. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 13. Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 14. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 14.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Jeong, et al. Expires September 12, 2020 [Page 2] Internet-Draft Consumer-Facing Interface YANG Data Model March 2020 14.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Appendix A. Changes from draft-ietf-i2nsf-consumer-facing- interface-dm-07 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 1. Introduction In a framework of Interface to Network Security Functions (I2NSF), each vendor can register their NSFs using a Developer's Management System (DMS). Assuming that vendors also provide the front-end web applications registered with an I2NSF User, the Consumer-Facing Interface is required because the web applications developed by each vendor need to have a standard interface specifying the data types used when the I2NSF User and Security Controller communicate using this interface. Therefore, this document specifies the required information, their data types, and encoding schemes so that high- level security policies (or configuration information for security policies) can be transferred to the Security Controller through the Consumer-Facing Interface. These policies can easily be translated by the Security Controller into low-level security policies. The Security Controller delivers the translated policies to Network Security Functions (NSFs) according to their respective security capabilities for the required securiy enforcement. The Consumer-Facing Interface would be built using a set of objects, with each object capturing a unique set of information from Security Administrator (i.e., I2NSF User [RFC8329]) needed to express a Security Policy. An object may have relationship with various other objects to express a complete set of requirements. An information model captures the managed objects and relationship among these objects. The information model proposed in this document is structured in accordance with the "Event-Condition-Action" (ECA) policy model. An NSF Capability model is proposed in [i2nsf-capability-im] as the basic model for both the NSF-Facing interface and Consumer-Facing Interface security policy model of this document. [RFC3444] explains differences between an information and data model. This document uses the guidelines in [RFC3444] to define both the information and data model for Consumer-Facing Interface. Figure 1 shows a high-level abstraction of Consumer-Facing Interface. A data model, which represents an implementation of the information model in a specific data representation language, is also defined in this document. Jeong, et al. Expires September 12, 2020 [Page 3] Internet-Draft Consumer-Facing Interface YANG Data Model March 2020 +-----------------+ +-----------------+ | Consumer-Facing | | Consumer-Facing | | Interface +--->+ Interface | |Information Model| | Data Model | +--------+--------+ +-----------------+ ^ | +-------------+------------+ | | | +-----+----+ +-----+----+ +----+----+ | Policy | | Endpoint | | Threat | | | | groups | | feed | +-----+----+ +----------+ +---------+ ^ | +------+------+ | Rule | +------+------+ ^ | +----------------+----------------+ | | | +------+------+ +------+------+ +------+------+ | Event | | Condition | | Action | +-------------+ +-------------+ +-------------+ Figure 1: Diagram for High-level Abstraction of Consumer-Facing Interface Data models are defined at a lower level of abstraction and provide many details. They provide details about the implementation of a protocol's specification, e.g., rules that explain how to map managed objects onto lower-level protocol constructs. Since conceptual models can be implemented in different ways, multiple data models can be derived from a single information model. The efficient and flexible provisioning of network functions by a Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) system leads to a rapid advance in the network industry. As practical applications, Network Security Functions (NSFs), such as firewall, Intrusion Detection System (IDS)/Intrusion Prevention System (IPS), and attack mitigation, can also be provided as Virtual Network Functions (VNF) in the NFV system. By the efficient virtualization technology, these VNFs might be automatically provisioned and dynamically migrated based on real-time security requirements. This document presents a YANG data model to implement security functions based on NFV. Jeong, et al. Expires September 12, 2020 [Page 4] Internet-Draft Consumer-Facing Interface YANG Data Model March 2020 2. Requirements Language The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC3444] RFC8174 [RFC8174]. 3. Terminology This document uses the terminology described in [i2nsf-terminology] [client-facing-inf-req]. This document follows the guidelines of [RFC8407], uses the common YANG types defined in [RFC6991], and adopts the Network Management Datastore Architecture (NMDA). The meaning of the symbols in tree diagrams is defined in [RFC8340]. 4. Information Model for Policy A Policy object represents a mechanism to express a Security Policy by Security Administrator (i.e., I2NSF User) using Consumer-Facing Interface toward Security Controller; the policy would be enforced on an NSF. Figure 2 shows the YANG tree of the Policy object. The Policy object SHALL have the following information: Name: This field identifies the name of this object. Owners: This field contains the owners of the policy. For example, the owners who created it, and can modify it. This field represents multiple groups owning as owners, having full CRUD privileges by default. Note that it is assumed that a factory-default owner (e.g., root) is defined and preconfigured in Security Controller in order to create new policy objects at first. Rule: This field contains a list of rules. These rules are defined for 1) communication between two Endpoint Groups, 2) for preventing communication with externally or internally identified threats, and 3) for implementing business requirement such as controlling access to internal or external resources for meeting regulatory compliance or business objectives. An organization may restrict certain communication between a set of user and applications for example. The threats may be from threat feeds obtained from external sources or dynamically identified by using specialty devices in the network. Rule conflict analysis should be triggered by the monitoring service to perform an Jeong, et al. Expires September 12, 2020 [Page 5] Internet-Draft Consumer-Facing Interface YANG Data Model March 2020 exhaustive detection of anomalies among the configuration rules installed into the security functions. +--rw i2nsf-cfi-policy* [policy-name] +--rw policy-name string | uses owners-ref | +--rw rules* [rule-name] +--rw endpoint-groups +--rw threat-prevention Figure 2: Policy YANG Data Tree A policy is a container of Rule(s). In order to express a Rule, a Rule must have complete information such as where and when a policy needs to be applied. This is done by defining a set of managed objects and relationship among them. A Policy Rule may be related segmentation, threat mitigation or telemetry data collection from an NSF in the network, which will be specified as the sub-model of the policy model in the subsequent sections. Figure 3 shows the YANG data tree of the Rule object. The rule object SHALL have the following information: Name: This field identifies the name of this object. Owners: This field contains the owners of the rule. For example, the owners who created it, and can modify it. This field represents multiple groups owning as owners, having full CRUD privileges by default. Event: This field includes the information to determine whether the Rule Condition can be evaluated or not. See details in Section 4.1. Condition: This field contains all the checking conditions to apply to the objective traffic. See details in Section 4.2. Action: This field identifies the action taken when a rule is matched. There is always an implicit action to drop traffic if no rule is matched for a traffic type. See details in Section 4.3. IPsec-Method: This field contains the information about IPsec method type. There are two types such as IPsec-IKE and IPsec-IKEless [i2nsf-ipsec]. Jeong, et al. Expires September 12, 2020 [Page 6] Internet-Draft Consumer-Facing Interface YANG Data Model March 2020 +--rw rules* [rule-name] +--rw rule-name string | uses owners-ref +--rw event +--rw (condition)? +--rw action +--rw ipsec-method Figure 3: Rule YANG Data Tree Note that in the case of policy conflicts, the resolution of the conflicted policies conforms to the guidelines of "Information Model of NSFs Capabilities" [i2nsf-capability-im]. 4.1. Event Sub-model The Event Object contains information related to scheduling a Rule. The Rule could be activated based on a set time or security event. Figure 4 shows the YANG tree of the Event object. Event object SHALL have following information: Security-event: This field identifies for which security event the policy is enforced. The examples of security events are: "DDOS", "spyware", "trojan", and "ransomware". Enforce-type: This field identifies whether the event of triggering policy enforcement is "Admin" or "Time". Admin: This represents the enforcement type based on admin's decision. Time: This represents the security rule is enforced based on begin-time and end-time information. Frequency: This represents how frequent the rule should be enforced. There are four options: "only-once", "daily", "weekly" and "monthly". Jeong, et al. Expires September 12, 2020 [Page 7] Internet-Draft Consumer-Facing Interface YANG Data Model March 2020 +--rw event +--rw security-event identityref +--rw (enforce-type)? | +--:(admin) | | +--rw admin? | +--:(time) | +--rw time-information | +--rw begin-time? date-and-time | +--rw end-time? date-and-time +--rw frequency? enumeration Figure 4: Event Sub-model YANG Data Tree 4.2. Condition Sub-model This object represents Conditions that Security Administrator wants to apply the checking on the traffic in order to determine whether the set of actions in the Rule can be executed or not. The Condition Sub-model consists of three different types of containers each representing different cases, such as general firewall and DDoS- mitigation cases, and a case when the condition is based on the payload strings of packets. Each containers have source and destination-target to represent the source and destination for each case. Figure 5 shows the YANG tree of the Condition object. The Condition Sub-model SHALL have following information: Case (Firewall-condition): This field represents the general firewall case, where a security admin can set up firewall conditions using the information present in this field. The source and destination is represented as firewall- source and firewall-destination, each referring to the IP- address-based groups defined in the endpoint-groups. Case (DDoS-condition): This field represents the condition for DDoS mitigation, where a security admin can set up DDoS mitigation conditions using the information present in this field. The source and destination is represented as ddos- source and ddos-destination, each referring to the device- groups defined and registered in the endpoint-groups. Case (Custom-condition): This field contains the payload string information. This information is useful when security rule condition is based on the string contents of incoming or outgoing packets. The source and destination is represented as custom-source and custom-destination, each referring to the payload-groups defined and registered in the endpoint-groups. Jeong, et al. Expires September 12, 2020 [Page 8] Internet-Draft Consumer-Facing Interface YANG Data Model March 2020 Case (Threat-feed-condition): This field contains the information obtained from threat-feeds (e.g., Palo-Alto, or RSA- netwitness). This information is useful when security rule condition is based on the existing threat reports gathered by other sources. The source and destination is represented as threat-feed-source and threat-feed- destination. For clarity, threat-feed-source/destination represent the source/destination of a target security threat, not the information source/destination of a threat- feed. +--rw (condition)? +--:(firewall-condition) | +--rw source -> /../../nacm:group/nacm:user-name | +--rw dest-target* -> /../../nacm:group/nacm:user-name +--:(ddos-condition) | +--rw source* -> /../../device-group/name | +--rw dest-target* -> /../../device-group/name | +--rw rate-limit +--:(custom-condition) | +--rw source* -> /../../payload-content/name | +--rw dest-target -> /../../payload-content/name +--:(threat-feed-condition) +--rw source* -> /../../threat-feed-list/name +--rw dest-target -> /../../threat-feed-list/name Figure 5: Condition Sub-model YANG Data Tree 4.3. Action Sub-model This object represents actions that Security Admin wants to perform based on certain traffic class. Figure 6 shows the YANG tree of the Action object. The Action object SHALL have following information: Primary-action: This field identifies the action when a rule is matched by an NSF. The action could be one of "PASS", "DROP", "ALERT", "RATE-LIMIT", and "MIRROR". Secondary-action: This field identifies the action when a rule is matched by an NSF. The action could be one of "log", "syslog", "session-log". Jeong, et al. Expires September 12, 2020 [Page 9] Internet-Draft Consumer-Facing Interface YANG Data Model March 2020 +--rw action +--rw primary-action identityref +--rw secondary-action? identityref Figure 6: Action Sub-model YANG Data Tree 5. Information Model for Policy Endpoint Groups The Policy Endpoint Group is a very important part of building User- Construct based policies. A Security Administrator would create and use these objects to represent a logical entity in their business environment, where a Security Policy is to be applied. There are multiple managed objects that constitute a Policy's Endpoint Group as shown in Figure 7. Figure 8 shows the YANG tree of the Endpoint- Groups object. This section lists these objects and relationship among them. +-------------------+ | Endpoint Groups | +---------+---------+ ^ | +--------------+----------------+ 1..n | 1..n | 1..n | +-----+----+ +------+-----+ +-------+------+ |User-group| |Device-group| |Location-group| +----------+ +------------+ +--------------+ Figure 7: Endpoint Group Diagram +--rw endpoint-groups +--rw user-group* [name] ... +--rw device-group* [name] ... +--rw location-group* [name] ... Figure 8: Endpoint Group YANG Data Tree 5.1. User Group This object represents a User-Group. Figure 9 shows the YANG tree of the User-Group object. The User-Group object SHALL have the following information: Jeong, et al. Expires September 12, 2020 [Page 10] Internet-Draft Consumer-Facing Interface YANG Data Model March 2020 Name: This field identifies the name of this object. IP-address: This represents the IPv4 address of a user in the user group. range-ipv4-address: This represents the IPv4 address of a user in the user gorup. range-ipv6-address: This represents the IPv6 address of a user in the user gorup. +--rw user-group* [name] +--rw name -> /../../nacm:group/nacm:user-name +--rw (match-type)? +--:(exact-match-ipv4) | +--rw ipv4-address* inet:ipv4-address +--:(exact-match-ipv6) | +--rw ipv6-address* inet:ipv6-address +--:(range-match-ipv4) | +--rw range-ipv4-address* [start-ipv4-address end-ipv4-address] | +--rw start-ipv4-address inet:ipv4-address | +--rw end-ipv4-address inet:ipv4-address +--:(range-match-ipv6) +--rw range-ipv6-address* [start-ipv6-vaddress end-ipv6-address] +--rw start-ipv6-address inet:ipv6-address +--rw end-ipv6-address inet:ipv6-address Figure 9: User Group YANG Data Tree 5.2. Device Group This object represents a Device-Group. Figure 10 shows the YANG tree of the Device-group object. The Device-Group object SHALL have the following information: Name: This field identifies the name of this object. IP-address: This represents the IPv4 address of a device in the device group. range-ipv4-address: This represents the IPv4 address of a device in the device gorup. range-ipv6-address: This represents the IPv6 address of a device in the device gorup. Jeong, et al. Expires September 12, 2020 [Page 11] Internet-Draft Consumer-Facing Interface YANG Data Model March 2020 Protocol: This represents the communication protocols used by the devices. The protocols are "SSH", "FTP", "SMTP", "HTTP", "HTTPS", and etc. +--rw device-group* [name] +--rw name string +--rw (match-type)? | +--:(exact-match-ipv4) | | +--rw ipv4-address* inet:ipv4-address | +--:(exact-match-ipv6) | | +--rw ipv6-address* inet:ipv6-address | +--:(range-match-ipv4) | | +--rw range-ipv4-address* [start-ipv4-address end-ipv4-address] | | +--rw start-ipv4-address inet:ipv4-address | | +--rw end-ipv4-address inet:ipv4-address | +--:(range-match-ipv6) | +--rw range-ipv6-address* [start-ipv6-vaddress end-ipv6-address] | +--rw start-ipv6-address inet:ipv6-address | +--rw end-ipv6-address inet:ipv6-address +--rw protocol identityref Figure 10: Device Group YANG Data Tree 5.3. Location Group This object represents a location group based on either tag or other information. Figure 11 shows the YANG tree of the Location-Group object. The Location-Group object SHALL have the following information: Name: This field identifies the name of this object. geo-ip-ipv4: This field represents the IPv4 Geo-ip of a location. geo-ip-ipv6: This field represents the IPv6 Geo-ip of a location. continent: This field represents the continent where the location group member is at. Jeong, et al. Expires September 12, 2020 [Page 12] Internet-Draft Consumer-Facing Interface YANG Data Model March 2020 +--rw location-group* [name] +--rw name string +--rw geo-ip-ipv4 inet:ipv4-address +--rw geo-ip-ipv6 inet:ipv6-address +--rw continent? identityref Figure 11: Location Group YANG Data Tree 6. Information Model for Threat Prevention The threat prevention plays an important part in the overall security posture by reducing the attack surfaces. This information could come from various threat feeds (i.e., sources for obtaining the threat information). There are multiple managed objects that constitute this category. This section lists these objects and relationship among them. Figure 13 shows the YANG tree of a Threat-Prevention object. +-------------------+ | Threat Prevention | +---------+---------+ ^ | +---------+---------+ 1..n | 1..n | +------+------+ +--------+--------+ | Threat-feed | | payload-content | +-------------+ +-----------------+ Figure 12: Threat Prevention Diagram +--rw threat-prevention +--rw threat-feed-list* [name] ... +--rw payload-content* [name] ... Figure 13: Threat Prevention YANG Data Tree 6.1. Threat Feed This object represents a threat feed which provides signatures of malicious activities. Figure 14 shows the YANG tree of a Threat- feed-list. The Threat-Feed object SHALL have the following information: Jeong, et al. Expires September 12, 2020 [Page 13] Internet-Draft Consumer-Facing Interface YANG Data Model March 2020 name: This field identifies the name of this object. Server-ipv4: This represents the IPv4 server address of the feed provider, it may be external or local servers. Server-ipv6: This represents the IPv6 server address of the feed provider, it may be external or local servers. description: This is the description of the threat feed. The descriptions should have clear indication of the security attack such as attack type (e.g., APT) and file types used (e.g., executable malware). Threat-file-types: This field identifies the information about the file types identified and reported by the threat-feed. signatures: This field contains the signatures of malicious programs or activities provided by the threat-feed. The examples of signature types are "YARA", "SURICATA", and "SNORT". +--rw threat-prevention +--rw threat-feed-list* [name] +--rw name identityref +--rw server-ipv4? inet:ipv4-address +--rw server-ipv6? inet:ipv6-address +--rw description? string +--rw threat-file-types* identityref +--rw signatures* identityref Figure 14: Threat Feed YANG Data Tree 6.2. Payload Content This object represents a custom list created for the purpose of defining exception to threat feeds. Figure 15 shows the YANG tree of a Payload-content list. The Payload-Content object SHALL have the following information: Name: This field identifies the name of this object. For example, the name "backdoor" indicates the payload content is related to backdoor attack. description: This represents the description of how the payload content is related to a security attack. Jeong, et al. Expires September 12, 2020 [Page 14] Internet-Draft Consumer-Facing Interface YANG Data Model March 2020 Content: This contains the payload contents, which are involed in a security attack, as strings. +--rw payload-content* [name] +--rw name string +--rw description string +--rw content* string Figure 15: Payload Content in YANG Data Tree 7. Network Configuration Access Control Model (NACM) Network Configuration Access Control Model (NACM) provides a high- level overview of the access control with the following features [RFC8341]: o Independent control of action, data, and notification access is provided. o A simple and familiar set of datastore permissions is used. o Support for YANG security tagging allows default security modes to automatically exclude sensitive data. o Separate default access modes for read, write, and execute permissions are provided. o Access control rules are applied to configurable groups of users. The data model for the I2NSF Consumer-Facing Interface provides NACM mechanisms and concepts to user-group and owners permissions. The NACM with the above features can be used to set up all the management access controls in the I2NSF high-level authorization view, and it may have a high impact on the optimization and performance. 8. YANG Data Model of Consumer-Facing Interface The main objective of this data model is to provide both an information model and the corresponding YANG data model of I2NSF Consumer-Facing Interface. This interface can be used to deliver control and management messages between an I2NSF User and Security Controller for the I2NSF User's high-level security policies. The semantics of the data model must be aligned with the information model of the Consumer-Facing Interface. The transformation of the information model was performed so that this YANG data model can Jeong, et al. Expires September 12, 2020 [Page 15] Internet-Draft Consumer-Facing Interface YANG Data Model March 2020 facilitate the efficient delivery of the control or management messages. This data model is designed to support the I2NSF framework that can be extended according to the security needs. In other words, the model design is independent of the content and meaning of specific policies as well as the implementation approach. This document suggests a VoIP/VoLTE security service as a use case for policy rule generation. This section describes a YANG data model for Consumer-Facing Interface, based on the information model of Consumer-Facing Interface to Security Controller. file "ietf-i2nsf-cfi-policy@2020-03-11.yang" module ietf-i2nsf-cfi-policy { yang-version 1.1; namespace "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-i2nsf-cfi-policy"; prefix cfi-policy; import ietf-inet-types{ prefix inet; reference "Section 4 of RFC 6991"; } import ietf-netconf-acm { prefix nacm; } organization "IETF I2NSF (Interface to Network Security Functions) Working Group"; contact "WG Web: WG List: WG Chair: Linda Dunbar WG Chair: Yoav Nir Editor: Jaehoon Paul Jeong Jeong, et al. Expires September 12, 2020 [Page 16] Internet-Draft Consumer-Facing Interface YANG Data Model March 2020 Editor: Chaehong Chung "; description "This module is a YANG module for Consumer-Facing Interface. Copyright (c) 2020 IETF Trust and the persons identified as authors of the code. All rights reserved. Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, is permitted pursuant to, and subject to the license terms contained in, the Simplified BSD License set forth in Section 4.c of the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info). This version of this YANG module is part of RFC XXXX; see the RFC itself for full legal notices."; revision "2020-03-11"{ description "The latest revision"; reference "draft-ietf-consumer-facing-interface-dm-07"; } identity malware-file-type { description "Base identity for malware file types."; } identity executable-file { base malware-file-type; description "Identity for executable file types."; } identity doc-file { base malware-file-type; description "Identity for Microsoft document file types."; } identity html-app-file { base malware-file-type; description "Identity for html application file types."; } identity javascript-file { base malware-file-type; description Jeong, et al. Expires September 12, 2020 [Page 17] Internet-Draft Consumer-Facing Interface YANG Data Model March 2020 "Identity for Javascript file types."; } identity pdf-file { base malware-file-type; description "Identity for pdf file types."; } identity dll-file { base malware-file-type; description "Identity for dll file types."; } identity msi-file { base malware-file-type; description "Identity for Microsoft installer file types."; } identity security-event-type { description "Base identity for security event types."; } identity ddos { description "Identity for DDoS event types."; } identity spyware { base malware-file-type; description "Identity for spyware event types."; } identity trojan { base malware-file-type; description "Identity for Trojan infection event types."; } identity ransomware { base malware-file-type; description "Identity for ransomware infection event types."; } Jeong, et al. Expires September 12, 2020 [Page 18] Internet-Draft Consumer-Facing Interface YANG Data Model March 2020 identity i2nsf-ipsec { description "Base identity for IPsec method types."; reference "draft-ietf-i2nsf-sdn-ipsec-flow-protection-07"; } identity ipsec-ike { base i2nsf-ipsec; description "Identity for ipsec-ike."; reference "draft-ietf-i2nsf-sdn-ipsec-flow-protection-07"; } identity ipsec-ikeless { base i2nsf-ipsec; description "Identity for ipsec-ikeless."; reference "draft-ietf-i2nsf-sdn-ipsec-flow-protection-07"; } identity continent { description "Base Identity for continent types."; } identity africa { base continent; description "Identity for africa."; } identity asia { base continent; description "Identity for asia."; } identity europe { base continent; description "Identity for europe."; } identity north-america { base continent; Jeong, et al. Expires September 12, 2020 [Page 19] Internet-Draft Consumer-Facing Interface YANG Data Model March 2020 description "Identity for north-america."; } identity south-america { base continent; description "Identity for south-america."; } identity oceania { base continent; description "Identity for Oceania"; } identity enforce-type { description "This identity represents the event of policy enforcement trigger type."; } identity admin { description "The identity for policy enforcement by admin."; } identity time { description "The identity for policy enforcement based on time."; } identity protocol-type { description "This identity represents the protocol types."; } identity ftp { base protocol-type; description "The identity for ftp protocol."; reference "RFC 959: File Transfer Protocol (FTP)"; } identity ssh { base protocol-type; description Jeong, et al. Expires September 12, 2020 [Page 20] Internet-Draft Consumer-Facing Interface YANG Data Model March 2020 "The identity for ssh protocol."; reference "RFC 4250: The Secure Shell (SSH) Protocol"; } identity telnet { base protocol-type; description "The identity for telnet."; reference "RFC 854: Telnet Protocol"; } identity smtp { base protocol-type; description "The identity for smtp."; reference "RFC 5321: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)"; } identity sftp { base protocol-type; description "The identity for sftp."; reference "RFC 913: Simple File Transfer Protocol (SFTP)"; } identity http { base protocol-type; description "The identity for http."; reference "RFC 2616: Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)"; } identity https { base protocol-type; description "The identity for https."; reference "RFC 2818: HTTP over TLS (HTTPS)"; } identity pop3 { base protocol-type; description Jeong, et al. Expires September 12, 2020 [Page 21] Internet-Draft Consumer-Facing Interface YANG Data Model March 2020 "The identity for pop3."; reference "RFC 1081: Post Office Protocol -Version 3 (POP3)"; } identity nat { base protocol-type; description "The identity for nat."; reference "RFC 1631: The IP Network Address Translator (NAT)"; } identity primary-action { description "This identity represents the primary actions, such as PASS, DROP, ALERT, RATE-LIMIT, and MIRROR."; } identity pass { base primary-action; description "The identity for pass."; } identity drop { base primary-action; description "The identity for drop."; } identity alert { base primary-action; description "The identity for alert."; } identity rate-limit { base primary-action; description "The identity for rate-limit."; } identity mirror { base primary-action; description "The identity for mirroring."; } Jeong, et al. Expires September 12, 2020 [Page 22] Internet-Draft Consumer-Facing Interface YANG Data Model March 2020 identity secondary-action { description "This field identifies additional actions if a rule is matched. This could be one of 'LOG', 'SYSLOG', 'SESSION-LOG', etc."; } identity log { base secondary-action; description "The identity for logging."; } identity syslog { base secondary-action; description "The identity for system logging."; } identity session-log { base secondary-action; description "The identity for session logging."; } identity signature-type { description "This represents the base identity for signature types."; } identity signature-yara { base signature-type; description "This represents the YARA signatures."; } identity signature-snort { base signature-type; description "This represents the SNORT signatures."; } identity signature-suricata { base signature-type; description "This represents the SURICATA signatures."; } Jeong, et al. Expires September 12, 2020 [Page 23] Internet-Draft Consumer-Facing Interface YANG Data Model March 2020 identity threat-feed-type { description "This represents the base identity for threat-feed."; } /* * Typedefs */ typedef date-and-time { type string { pattern '\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}T\d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2}(\.\d+)?' + '(Z|[\+\-]\d{2}:\d{2})'; } description "This is the format of date-and-time."; reference "RFC 3339: Date and Time on the Internet: Timestamps RFC 2579: Textual Conventions for SMIv2 XSD-TYPES: XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second Edition"; } /* * Groupings */ grouping ipv4-list { description "Grouping for ipv4 based ip-addresses."; leaf-list ipv4 { type inet:ipv4-address; description "This is the entry for the ipv4 ip-addresses."; } } grouping ipv6-list { description "Grouping for ipv6 based ip-addresses."; leaf-list ipv6 { type inet:ipv6-address; description "This is the entry for the ipv6 ip-addresses."; } } grouping ipv4 { description "Grouping for ipv4 based ip-address."; Jeong, et al. Expires September 12, 2020 [Page 24] Internet-Draft Consumer-Facing Interface YANG Data Model March 2020 leaf ipv4 { type inet:ipv4-address; description "This is the entry for the ipv4 ip-address."; } } grouping ipv6 { description "Grouping for ipv6 based ip-address."; leaf ipv6 { type inet:ipv6-address; description "This is the entry for the ipv6 ip-address."; } } grouping ip-address-info { description "There are two types to configure a security policy for IPv4 address, such as exact match and range match."; choice match-type { description "User can choose between 'exact match' and 'range match'."; case exact-match-ipv4 { uses ipv4; description "Exact ip-address match for ipv4 type addresses"; } case exact-match-ipv6 { uses ipv6; description "Exact ip-address match for ipv6 type addresses"; } case range-match-ipv4 { list range-ipv4-address { key "start-ipv4-address end-ipv4-address"; leaf start-ipv4-address { type inet:ipv4-address; description "Start IPv4 address for a range match."; } leaf end-ipv4-address { type inet:ipv4-address; description "End IPv4 address for a range match."; } description Jeong, et al. Expires September 12, 2020 [Page 25] Internet-Draft Consumer-Facing Interface YANG Data Model March 2020 "Range match for an IP-address."; } } case range-match-ipv6 { list range-ipv6-address { key "start-ipv6-address end-ipv6-address"; leaf start-ipv6-address { type inet:ipv6-address; description "Start IPv6 address for a range match."; } leaf end-ipv6-address { type inet:ipv6-address; description "End IPv6 address for a range match."; } description "Range match for an IP-address."; } } } } grouping ipsec-based-method { description "This represents the ipsec-based method."; list ipsec-method { key "method"; description "This represents the list of IPsec method types."; leaf method { type identityref { base i2nsf-ipsec; } description "This represents IPsec IKE and IPsec IKEless cases. If this is not set, it cannot support IPsec IKE or IPsec IKEless."; reference "draft-ietf-i2nsf-sdn-ipsec-flow-protection-07"; } } } grouping user-group { description "The grouping for user-group entities, and contains information such as name & ip-address."; Jeong, et al. Expires September 12, 2020 [Page 26] Internet-Draft Consumer-Facing Interface YANG Data Model March 2020 leaf name { type string; description "This represents the name of a user."; } uses ip-address-info; } grouping device-group { description "This group represents device group information such as ip-address protocol."; leaf name { type string; description "This represents the name of a device."; } uses ip-address-info; leaf-list protocol { type identityref { base protocol-type; } description "This represents the communication protocols of devices. If this is not set, it cannot support the appropriate protocol"; } } grouping location-group { description "This group represents location-group information such as geo-ip and continent."; leaf name { type string; description "This represents the name of a location."; } leaf geo-ip-ipv4 { type inet:ipv4-address; description "This represents the IPv4 geo-ip of a location."; } leaf geo-ip-ipv6 { type inet:ipv6-address; description "This represents the IPv6 geo-ip of a location."; Jeong, et al. Expires September 12, 2020 [Page 27] Internet-Draft Consumer-Facing Interface YANG Data Model March 2020 } leaf continent { type identityref { base continent; } default asia; description "location-group-based on geo-ip of respective continent."; } } grouping threat-feed-info { description "This is the grouping for the threat-feed-list"; leaf name { type identityref { base threat-feed-type; } description "This represents the name of the a threat-feed."; } leaf server-ipv4 { type inet:ipv4-address; description "The IPv4 ip-address for the threat-feed server."; } leaf server-ipv6 { type inet:ipv6-address; description "The IPv6 ip-address for the threat-feed server."; } leaf description { type string; description "This represents the descriptions of a threat-feed. The description should include information, such as the type, related threat, method, and file type."; } } grouping payload-string { description "The grouping for payload-string content. It contains information such as name and string content."; leaf description { type string; Jeong, et al. Expires September 12, 2020 [Page 28] Internet-Draft Consumer-Facing Interface YANG Data Model March 2020 description "This represents the description of a payload. If this is not set, it cannot support the description of how the payload content is related to a security attack."; } leaf-list content { type string; description "This represents the string of the payload contents. This content leaf-list contains the payload of a packet to analyze a threat. Due to the types of threats, the type of the content is defined as string to accommodate any kind of a payload type such as HTTP, HTTPS, and SIP. If this is not set, it cannot support the payload contents involved in a security attack as strings"; } } grouping owners-ref { description "This grouping is for owners reference using Network Configuration Access Control Model (NACM)."; leaf-list owners { type leafref { path "/nacm:nacm/nacm:groups/nacm:group/nacm:name"; } description "This leaf-list names the owner groups of the list instance it sits on. Only the owners listed in a NACM group are authorized to get full CRUD privileges for the contents. If this is not set, it cannot support who has the prvilege of the contents"; } } list i2nsf-cfi-policy { key "policy-name"; description "This is the security policy list. Each policy in the list contains a list of security rules, and is a policy instance to have complete information such as where and when a policy needs to be Jeong, et al. Expires September 12, 2020 [Page 29] Internet-Draft Consumer-Facing Interface YANG Data Model March 2020 applied."; leaf policy-name { type string; mandatory true; description "The name which identifies the policy."; } uses owners-ref; container rules{ description "This container is for rules."; nacm:default-deny-write; list rule { key "rule-name"; ordered-by user; leaf rule-name { type string; mandatory true; description "This represents the name for the rule."; } description "There can be a single or multiple number of rules."; uses owners-ref; container event { description "This represents the event (e.g., a security event, for which a security rule is made.)"; leaf security-event { type identityref { base security-event-type; } description "This contains the description of security events. If this is not set, it cannot support which security event is enforced"; } choice enforce-type { description "There are two different enforcement types; admin, and time. It cannot be allowed to configure admin=='time' or enforce-time=='admin'."; case enforce-admin { leaf admin { Jeong, et al. Expires September 12, 2020 [Page 30] Internet-Draft Consumer-Facing Interface YANG Data Model March 2020 type string; description "This represents the enforcement type based on admin's decision."; } } case time { container time-information { description "The begin-time and end-time information when the security rule should be applied."; leaf enforce-time { type date-and-time; description "The enforcement type is time-enforced."; } leaf begin-time { type date-and-time; description "This is start time for time zone"; } leaf end-time { type date-and-time; description "This is end time for time zone"; } } } } leaf frequency { type enumeration { enum only-once { description "This represents the rule is enforced only once immediately and not repeated."; } enum daily { description "This represents the rule is enforced on a daily basis."; } enum weekly { description "This represents the rule is enforced on a weekly basis."; } enum monthly { Jeong, et al. Expires September 12, 2020 [Page 31] Internet-Draft Consumer-Facing Interface YANG Data Model March 2020 description "This represents the rule is enforced on a monthly basis."; } } default only-once; description "This represents how frequent the rule should be enforced."; } } container condition { description "The conditions for general security policies."; container firewall-condition { description "The general firewall condition."; leaf source { type leafref { path "/i2nsf-cfi-policy/endpoint-groups/user-group/name"; } description "This describes the paths to the source reference."; } leaf-list dest-target { type leafref { path "/i2nsf-cfi-policy/endpoint-groups/user-group/name"; } description "This describes the paths to the destination target reference."; } } container ddos-condition { description "The condition for DDoS mitigation."; leaf-list source { type leafref { path "/i2nsf-cfi-policy/endpoint-groups/device-group/name"; } description "This describes the path to the source target references."; } leaf-list dest-target { type leafref { path "/i2nsf-cfi-policy/endpoint-groups/device-group/name"; Jeong, et al. Expires September 12, 2020 [Page 32] Internet-Draft Consumer-Facing Interface YANG Data Model March 2020 } description "This describes the path to the destination target references."; } container rate-limit { description "This describes the rate-limit."; leaf packet-threshold-per-second{ type uint32; description "This is a trigger value for the condition."; } } } container custom-condition { description "The condition based on packet contents."; leaf-list source { type leafref { path "/i2nsf-cfi-policy/threat-preventions/payload-content/name"; } description "Describes the payload string content condition source."; } leaf dest-target { type leafref { path "/i2nsf-cfi-policy/threat-preventions/payload-content/name"; } description "Describes the payload string content condition destination."; } } container threat-feed-condition { description "The condition based on the threat-feed information."; leaf-list source { type leafref { path "/i2nsf-cfi-policy/threat-preventions/threat-feed-list/name"; } description "Describes the threat-feed condition source."; } leaf dest-target { type leafref { path "/i2nsf-cfi-policy/threat-preventions/threat-feed-list/name"; } Jeong, et al. Expires September 12, 2020 [Page 33] Internet-Draft Consumer-Facing Interface YANG Data Model March 2020 description "Describes the threat-feed condition destination."; } } } container actions { description "This is the action container."; leaf primary-action { type identityref { base primary-action; } description "This represent the primary actions (e.g., PASS, DROP, ALERT, and MIRROR) to be applied a condition. If this is not set, it cannot support the primary actions."; } leaf secondary-action { type identityref { base secondary-action; } description "This represents the secondary actions (e.g., log and syslog) to be applied if needed. If this is not set, it cannot support the secondary actions."; } } container ipsec-method { description "This container represents the IPsec IKE and IKEless cases."; leaf method { type identityref { base i2nsf-ipsec; } description "This references the IPsec method types, which includes IPsec IKE and IPsec IKEless cases. If this is not set, it cannot support IPsec IKE or IPsec IKEless."; reference Jeong, et al. Expires September 12, 2020 [Page 34] Internet-Draft Consumer-Facing Interface YANG Data Model March 2020 "draft-ietf-i2nsf-sdn-ipsec-flow-protection-07"; } } } } container endpoint-groups { description "A logical entity in their business environment, where a security policy is to be applied."; list user-group{ uses user-group; key "name"; description "This represents the user group."; } list device-group { key "name"; uses device-group; description "This represents the device group."; } list location-group{ key "name"; uses location-group; description "This represents the location group."; } } container threat-preventions { description "this describes the list of threat-prevention."; list threat-feed-list { key "name"; description "There can be a single or multiple number of threat-feeds."; uses threat-feed-info; leaf-list threat-file-types { type identityref { base malware-file-type; } default executable-file; description "This contains a list of file types needed to be scanned for the virus."; Jeong, et al. Expires September 12, 2020 [Page 35] Internet-Draft Consumer-Facing Interface YANG Data Model March 2020 } leaf-list signatures { type identityref { base signature-type; } default signature-suricata; description "This contains a list of signatures or hash of the threats."; } } list payload-content { key "name"; leaf name { type string; description "This represents the name of payload-content. It should give an idea of why specific payload content is marked as threat. For example, the name 'backdoor' indicates the payload content is related to backdoor attack."; } description "This represents the payload-string group."; uses payload-string; } } } } Figure 16: YANG for Consumer-Facing Interface 9. XML Configuration Examples of High-Level Security Policy Rules This section shows XML configuration examples of high-level security policy rules that are delivered from the I2NSF User to the Security Controller over the Consumer-Facing Interface. The considered use cases are: Database registration, time-based firewall for web filtering, VoIP/VoLTE security service, and DDoS-attack mitigation. 9.1. Database Registration: Information of Positions and Devices (Endpoint Group) If new endpoints are introduced to the network, it is necessary to first register their data to the database. For example, if new members are newly introduced in either of three different groups (i.e., user-group, device-group, and payload-group), each of them Jeong, et al. Expires September 12, 2020 [Page 36] Internet-Draft Consumer-Facing Interface YANG Data Model March 2020 should be registered with information such as ip-addresses or protocols used by devices. Figure 17 shows an example XML representation of the registered information for the user-group and device-group. employees 221.159.112.1 221.159.112.90 webservers 221.159.112.91 221.159.112.97 http https Figure 17: Registering User-group and Device-group Information 9.2. Scenario 1: Block SNS Access during Business Hours The first example scenario is to "block SNS access during office hours" using a time-based firewall policy. In this scenario, all users registered as "employees" in the user-group list are unable to access Social Networking Services (SNS) during the office hours. The XML instance is described below: Jeong, et al. Expires September 12, 2020 [Page 37] Internet-Draft Consumer-Facing Interface YANG Data Model March 2020 security_policy_for_blocking_sns block_access_to_sns_during_office_hours 2020-03-11T09:00:00.00Z 2020-03-11T18:00:00.00Z only-once employees sns-websites drop ipsec-ike Figure 18: An XML Example for Time-based Firewall Time-based-condition Firewall 1. The policy name is "security_policy_for_blocking_sns". 2. The rule name is "block_access_to_sns_during_office_hours". 3. The Source is "employees". 4. The destination target is "sns-websites". "sns-websites" is the key which represents the list containing the information, such as URL, about sns-websites. 5. The action required is to "drop" any attempt to connect to websites related to Social networking. Jeong, et al. Expires September 12, 2020 [Page 38] Internet-Draft Consumer-Facing Interface YANG Data Model March 2020 6. The IPsec method type used for nsf traffic steering is set to "ipsec-ike". 9.3. Scenario 2: Block Malicious VoIP/VoLTE Packets Coming to a Company The second example scenario is to "block malicious VoIP/VoLTE packets coming to a company" using a VoIP policy. In this scenario, the calls comming from from VOIP and/or VOLTE sources with VOLTE IDs that are classified as malicious are dropped. The IP addresses of the employees and malicious VOIP IDs should be blocked are stored in the database or datastore of the enterprise. Here and the rest of the cases assume that the security administrators or someone responsible for the existing and newly generated policies, are not aware of which and/or how many NSFs are needed to meet the security requirements. Figure 19 represents the XML document generated from YANG discussed in previous sections. Once a high-level seucurity policy is created by a security admin, it is delivered by the Consumer-Facing Interface, through RESTCONF server, to the security controller. The XML instance is described below: security_policy_for_blocking_malicious_voip_packets Block_malicious_voip_and_volte_packets malicious-id employees drop ipsec-ikeless Figure 19: An XML Example for VoIP Security Service Custom-condition Firewall Jeong, et al. Expires September 12, 2020 [Page 39] Internet-Draft Consumer-Facing Interface YANG Data Model March 2020 1. The policy name is "security_policy_for_blocking_malicious_voip_packets". 2. The rule name is "Block_malicious_voip_and_volte_packets". 3. The Source is "malicious-id". This can be a single ID or a list of IDs, depending on how the ID are stored in the database. The "malicious-id" is the key so that the security admin can read every stored malicious VOIP IDs that are named as "malicious-id". 4. The destination target is "employees". "employees" is the key which represents the list containing information about employees, such as IP addresses. 5. The action required is "drop" when any incoming packets are from "malicious-id". 6. The IPsec method used for nsf traffic steering is set to "ipsec- ikeless". 9.4. Scenario 3: Mitigate HTTP and HTTPS Flood Attacks on a Company Web Server The third example scenario is to "Mitigate HTTP and HTTPS flood attacks on a company web server" using a DDoS-attack mitigation policy. Here, the time information is not set because the service provided by the network should be maintained at all times. If the packets sent by any sources are more than the set threshold, then the admin can set the percentage of the packets to be dropped to safely maintain the service. In this scenario, the source is set as "any" to block any sources which send abnormal amount of packets. The destination is set as "web_server01". Once the rule is set and delivered and enforced to the nsfs by the securiy controller, the NSFs will monitor the incoming packet amounts and the destination to act according to the rule set. The XML instance is described below: Jeong, et al. Expires September 12, 2020 [Page 40] Internet-Draft Consumer-Facing Interface YANG Data Model March 2020 security_policy_for_ddos_attacks 100_packets_per_second webservers 100 drop ipsec-ikeless Figure 20: An XML Example for DDoS-attack Mitigation DDoS-condition Firewall 1. The policy name is "security_policy_for_ddos_attacks". 2. The rule name is "100_packets_per_second". 3. The destination target is "webservers". "webservers" is the key which represents the list containing information, such as IP addresses and ports, about web-servers. 4. The rate limit exists to limit the incoming amount of packets per second. In this case the rate limit is "100" packets per second. This amount depends on the packet receiving capacity of the server devices. 5. The Source is all sources which send abnormal amount of packets. 6. The action required is to "drop" packet reception is more than 100 packets per second. 7. The IPsec method used for nsf traffic steering is set to "ipsec- ike". Jeong, et al. Expires September 12, 2020 [Page 41] Internet-Draft Consumer-Facing Interface YANG Data Model March 2020 10. Security Considerations The data model for the I2NSF Consumer-Facing Interface is based on the I2NSF framework [RFC8329], so the same security considerations with the I2NSF framework should be included in this document. The data model needs a secure communication channel to protect the Consumer-Facing Interface between the I2NSF User and Security Controller. Also, the data model's management access control is based on Network Configuration Access Control Model(NACM) mechanisms [RFC8341]. 11. IANA Considerations This document requests IANA to register the following URI in the "IETF XML Registry" [RFC3688]: URI: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-i2nsf-cfi-policy Registrant Contact: The I2NSF. XML: N/A; the requested URI is an XML namespace. This document requests IANA to register the following YANG module in the "YANG Module Names" registry [RFC7950]. name: ietf-i2nsf-cfi-policy namespace: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-i2nsf-cfi-policy prefix: cfi-policy reference: RFC 7950 12. Acknowledgments This work was supported by Institute of Information & Communications Technology Planning & Evaluation (IITP) grant funded by the Korea MSIT (Ministry of Science and ICT) (R-20160222-002755, Cloud based Security Intelligence Technology Development for the Customized Security Service Provisioning). 13. Contributors This document is made by the group effort of I2NSF working group. Many people actively contributed to this document, such as Mahdi F. Dachmehchi and Daeyoung Hyun. The authors sincerely appreciate their contributions. The following are co-authors of this document: Hyoungshick Kim Jeong, et al. Expires September 12, 2020 [Page 42] Internet-Draft Consumer-Facing Interface YANG Data Model March 2020 Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sungkyunkwan University 2066 Seo-ro Jangan-gu Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419 Republic of Korea EMail: hyoung@skku.edu Eunsoo Kim Department of Electronic, Electrical and Computer Engineering Sungkyunkwan University 2066 Seo-ro Jangan-gu Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419 Republic of Korea EMail: eskim86@skku.edu Seungjin Lee Department of Electronic, Electrical and Computer Engineering Sungkyunkwan University 2066 Seo-ro Jangan-gu Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419 Republic of Korea EMail: jine33@skku.edu Jinyong Tim Kim Department of Electronic, Electrical and Computer Engineering Sungkyunkwan University 2066 Seo-ro Jangan-gu Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419 Republic of Korea EMail: timkim@skku.edu Anil Lohiya Juniper Networks 1133 Innovation Way Sunnyvale, CA 94089 US EMail: alohiya@juniper.net Jeong, et al. Expires September 12, 2020 [Page 43] Internet-Draft Consumer-Facing Interface YANG Data Model March 2020 Dave Qi Bloomberg 731 Lexington Avenue New York, NY 10022 US EMail: DQI@bloomberg.net Nabil Bitar Nokia 755 Ravendale Drive Mountain View, CA 94043 US EMail: nabil.bitar@nokia.com Senad Palislamovic Nokia 755 Ravendale Drive Mountain View, CA 94043 US EMail: senad.palislamovic@nokia.com Liang Xia Huawei 101 Software Avenue Nanjing, Jiangsu 210012 China EMail: Frank.Xialiang@huawei.com 14. References 14.1. Normative References [RFC3444] Pras, A. and J. Schoenwaelder, "On the Difference between Information Models and Data Models", RFC 3444, DOI 10.17487/RFC3444, January 2003, . [RFC3688] Mealling, M., "The IETF XML Registry", BCP 81, RFC 3688, DOI 10.17487/RFC3688, January 2004, . Jeong, et al. Expires September 12, 2020 [Page 44] Internet-Draft Consumer-Facing Interface YANG Data Model March 2020 [RFC6020] Bjorklund, M., Ed., "YANG - A Data Modeling Language for the Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF)", RFC 6020, DOI 10.17487/RFC6020, October 2010, . [RFC6991] Schoenwaelder, J., Ed., "Common YANG Data Types", RFC 6991, DOI 10.17487/RFC6991, July 2013, . [RFC7950] Bjorklund, M., Ed., "The YANG 1.1 Data Modeling Language", RFC 7950, DOI 10.17487/RFC7950, August 2016, . [RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174, May 2017, . [RFC8192] Hares, S., Lopez, D., Zarny, M., Jacquenet, C., Kumar, R., and J. Jeong, "Interface to Network Security Functions (I2NSF): Problem Statement and Use Cases", RFC 8192, DOI 10.17487/RFC8192, July 2017, . [RFC8329] Lopez, D., Lopez, E., Dunbar, L., Strassner, J., and R. Kumar, "Framework for Interface to Network Security Functions", RFC 8329, DOI 10.17487/RFC8329, February 2018, . [RFC8340] Bjorklund, M. and L. Berger, Ed., "YANG Tree Diagrams", BCP 215, RFC 8340, DOI 10.17487/RFC8340, March 2018, . [RFC8341] Bierman, A. and M. Bjorklund, "Network Configuration Access Control Model", STD 91, RFC 8341, DOI 10.17487/RFC8341, March 2018, . [RFC8407] Bierman, A., "Guidelines for Authors and Reviewers of Documents Containing YANG Data Models", BCP 216, RFC 8407, DOI 10.17487/RFC8407, October 2018, . 14.2. Informative References Jeong, et al. Expires September 12, 2020 [Page 45] Internet-Draft Consumer-Facing Interface YANG Data Model March 2020 [client-facing-inf-req] Kumar, R., Lohiya, A., Qi, D., Bitar, N., Palislamovic, S., and L. Xia, "Requirements for Client-Facing Interface to Security Controller", draft-ietf-i2nsf-client-facing- interface-req-05 (work in progress), May 2018. [i2nsf-capability-im] Xia, L., Strassner, J., Basile, C., and D. Lopez, "Information Model of NSFs Capabilities", draft-ietf- i2nsf-capability-05 (work in progress), April 2019. [i2nsf-ipsec] Marin-Lopez, R., Lopez-Millan, G., and F. Pereniguez- Garcia, "Software-Defined Networking (SDN)-based IPsec Flow Protection", draft-ietf-i2nsf-sdn-ipsec-flow- protection-07 (work in progress), August 2019. [i2nsf-terminology] Hares, S., Strassner, J., Lopez, D., Xia, L., and H. Birkholz, "Interface to Network Security Functions (I2NSF) Terminology", draft-ietf-i2nsf-terminology-08 (work in progress), July 2019. Jeong, et al. Expires September 12, 2020 [Page 46] Internet-Draft Consumer-Facing Interface YANG Data Model March 2020 Appendix A. Changes from draft-ietf-i2nsf-consumer-facing-interface- dm-07 The following changes are made from draft-ietf-i2nsf-consumer-facing- interface-dm-07: o This version is revised according to the comments from Jan Lindblad who reviewed this document as a YANG doctor. Authors' Addresses Jaehoon Paul Jeong Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sungkyunkwan University 2066 Seobu-Ro, Jangan-Gu Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do 16419 Republic of Korea Phone: +82 31 299 4957 Fax: +82 31 290 7996 EMail: pauljeong@skku.edu URI: http://iotlab.skku.edu/people-jaehoon-jeong.php Chaehong Chung Department of Electronic, Electrical and Computer Engineering Sungkyunkwan University 2066 Seobu-Ro, Jangan-Gu Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do 16419 Republic of Korea Phone: +82 31 299 4957 EMail: darkhong@skku.edu Tae-Jin Ahn Korea Telecom 70 Yuseong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu Daejeon 305-811 Republic of Korea Phone: +82 42 870 8409 EMail: taejin.ahn@kt.com Jeong, et al. Expires September 12, 2020 [Page 47] Internet-Draft Consumer-Facing Interface YANG Data Model March 2020 Rakesh Kumar Juniper Networks 1133 Innovation Way Sunnyvale, CA 94089 USA EMail: rkkumar@juniper.net Susan Hares Huawei 7453 Hickory Hill Saline, MI 48176 USA Phone: +1-734-604-0332 EMail: shares@ndzh.com Jeong, et al. 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