HyBi Working Group T. Yoshino Internet-Draft Google, Inc. Intended status: Standards Track May 22, 2012 Expires: November 23, 2012 WebSocket Per-frame Compression draft-ietf-hybi-websocket-perframe-compression-04 Abstract This specification defines a WebSocket extension that adds per-frame compression functionality to the WebSocket Protocol. It compresses the "Application data" portion of WebSocket data frames using specified compression algorithm. One reserved bit RSV1 in the WebSocket frame header is allocated to control application of compression for each frame. This specification provides one compression method available for the extension using DEFLATE. Please send feedback to the hybi@ietf.org mailing list. Status of this Memo This Internet-Draft is submitted to IETF in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet- Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." This Internet-Draft will expire on November 23, 2012. Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2012 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect Yoshino Expires November 23, 2012 [Page 1] Internet-Draft WebSocket Per-frame Compression May 2012 to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License. Table of Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. Conformance Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3. Extension Negotiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.1. Negotiation Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 4. Framing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4.1. Sending . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4.2. Receiving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 5. DEFLATE method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 5.1. Method Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 5.2. Application Data Transformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 5.2.1. Compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 5.2.2. Decompression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 5.2.3. Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 5.3. Intermediaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 5.4. Implementation Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 6. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 7. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 7.1. Registration of the "perframe-compress" WebSocket Extension Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 7.2. Registration of the "Per-frame Compressed" WebSocket Framing Header Bit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 7.3. WebSocket Per-frame Compression Method Name Registry . . . 14 8. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 9. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 9.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 9.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Yoshino Expires November 23, 2012 [Page 2] Internet-Draft WebSocket Per-frame Compression May 2012 1. Introduction _This section is non-normative._ As well as other communication protocols, the WebSocket Protocol [RFC6455] can benefit from compression technology. This specification defines a WebSocket extension that applies a compression algorithm to octets exchanged over the WebSocket Protocol using its extension framework. This extension negotiates what compression method to use on opening handshake, and then compresses to the octets in the "Application data" portion of data frames using the method. We can apply this extension to various compression algorithms by specifying how to negotiate parameters and transform "Application data". A client may offer multiple compression methods on opening handshake, and then the server chooses one from them. This extension uses the RSV1 bit of the WebSocket frame header to indicate whether the frame is compressed or not, so that we can choose to skip frames with incompressible contents without applying extra compression. This specification provides one specific compression method for this extension "deflate" which is based on DEFLATE [RFC1951]. We chose DEFLATE since it's widely available as library on various platforms and the overhead it adds for each chunk is small. To align the end of compressed data to octet boundary, this method uses the algorithm described in the Section 2.1 of the PPP Deflate Protocol [RFC1979]. Endpoints can take over the LZ77 sliding window [LZ77] used to build previous frames to get better compression ratio. For resource- limited devices, method parameters to limit the usage of memory for compression context are provided. The simplest "Sec-WebSocket-Extensions" header in the client's opening handshake to request DEFLATE based per-frame compression is the following: Sec-WebSocket-Extensions: perframe-compress; method=deflate The simplest header from the server to accept this extension is the same. Yoshino Expires November 23, 2012 [Page 3] Internet-Draft WebSocket Per-frame Compression May 2012 2. Conformance Requirements Everything in this specification except for sections explicitly marked non-normative is normative. The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119]. Yoshino Expires November 23, 2012 [Page 4] Internet-Draft WebSocket Per-frame Compression May 2012 3. Extension Negotiation The registered extension token for this extension is "perframe-compress". To request use of the Per-frame Compression Extension, a client MUST include an element with the "perframe-compress" extension token as its extension identifier in the "Sec-WebSocket-Extensions" header in its opening handshake. The element MUST contain exactly one extension parameter named "method". The value of the "method" extension parameter is a list of compression method descriptions, ordered by preference. Each compression method description has a method name and optional method parameters. The grammar of the list is "requested-method-list" defined in the following ABNFs. requested-method-list = 1#method-desc method-desc = method-name *(";" method-param) method-name = token method-param = token ["=" (token | quoted-string)] The list MAY contain multiple method descriptions with the same method name. To accept use of the Per-frame Compression Extension, a server MUST choose one compression method description to accept from ones listed by the client, and include an element with the "perframe-compress" extension token in the "Sec-WebSocket-Extensions" header in its opening handshake. The chosen description is called "accepted request". The element MUST contain exactly one extension parameter named "method". The value of the "method" extension parameter MUST be a compression method description. This description is called "method agreement". The method name in the "method agreement" MUST be one of the accepted request. The "method agreement" MUST conform the "accepted request". Its grammar is "method-agreement" defined in the following ABNF. method-agreement = method-desc The value of the "method" parameter MUST be quoted by using "quoted-string" syntax if it doesn't conform to token syntax. If a client doesn't support the method and its configuration specified by the "method agreement", the client MUST _Fail the WebSocket Connection_. Otherwise, both endpoints MUST use the algorithm described in Section 4 to exchange frames. Yoshino Expires November 23, 2012 [Page 5] Internet-Draft WebSocket Per-frame Compression May 2012 3.1. Negotiation Example _This section is non-normative._ These are "Sec-WebSocket-Extensions" header value examples that negotiate the per-frame compression extension. o Request foo method. Since foo matches token syntax, it doesn't need to be quoted. perframe-compress; method=foo o Request foo method with a parameter x with 10 as its value. Since the method parameter value contains a semicolon, it doesn't match token syntax. Quotation is needed. perframe-compress; method="foo; x=10" o Request foo method and bar method. Since the method parameter value contains a comma, it doesn't match token syntax. Quotation is needed. perframe-compress; method="foo, bar" o Request foo method with parameter x with "Hello World" (quotation for clarification) as its value and bar method. Since "Hello World" contains a space, it needs to be quoted. Since quoted "Hello World" contains double quotations and a space, it needs to be quoted again. perframe-compress; method="foo; x=\"Hello World\", bar" Yoshino Expires November 23, 2012 [Page 6] Internet-Draft WebSocket Per-frame Compression May 2012 4. Framing This section describes how to apply the negotiated compression method to the contents of WebSocket frames. This extension allocates the RSV1 bit of the WebSocket header and names it the "Per-frame Compressed" bit. Any extension requiring the use of the RSV1 bit is incompatible with this extension. This bit indicates whether the compression is applied to the frame or not. Frames with the "Per-frame Compressed" bit set are called "per-frame compressed frames". They have compressed data in their "Application data" portion. Frames with the bit unset are called "per-frame uncompressed frames". They have uncompressed data in their "Application data" portion. This extension operates only on data frames. This extension doesn't modify the "Extension data" portion. 4.1. Sending To send a frame as a per-frame compressed frame, an endpoint MUST use the following algorithm. 1. Compress the octets in "Application data" portion of the frame using the compression method. 2. Build a frame by putting the resulting octets in the "Application data" portion instead of the original octets. The payload length field of the frame MUST be the sum of the size of the "Extension data" portion and the size of the resulting octets. 3. Set the "Per-frame Compressed" bit of the frame to 1. To send a frame as a per-frame uncompressed frame, an endpoint MUST set "Per-frame Compressed Bit" of the frame to 0. "Application data" portion MUST be sent as-is without applying the compression method. 4.2. Receiving To receive a per-frame compressed frame, an endpoint MUST decompress the octets in the "Application data" portion. An endpoint MUST receive a per-frame uncompressed frame as-is without decompression. Yoshino Expires November 23, 2012 [Page 7] Internet-Draft WebSocket Per-frame Compression May 2012 5. DEFLATE method This section defines a method named "deflate" for this extension that compresses "Application data" using DEFLATE [RFC1951] and byte boundary alignment method introduced in [RFC1979]. 5.1. Method Parameters An endpoint MAY include one or more method parameters in the method description as defined below. Maximum LZ77 sliding window size A client MAY attach the "s2c_max_window_bits" method parameter to limit the LZ77 sliding window size that the server uses to build frames. If the "accepted request" has this method parameter, the server MUST NOT use LZ77 sliding window size greater than the size specified by this parameter to build frames. If the "accepted request" has this method parameter, the server MUST attach this method parameter with the same value as one of the "accepted request". A server MAY attach the "c2s_max_window_bits" method parameter to limit the LZ77 sliding window size that the client uses to build frames. A client that received this parameter MUST NOT use LZ77 sliding window size greater than the size specified by this parameter to build frames. These parameters MUST have an integer value in the range between 8 to 15 indicating the base-2 logarithm of the LZ77 sliding window size. Disallow compression context takeover A client MAY attach the "s2c_no_context_takeover" method parameter to disallow the server to take over the LZ77 sliding window used to build previous frames. If the "accepted request" has this method parameter, the server MUST reset its LZ77 sliding window for sending to empty for each frame. If the "accepted request" has this method parameter, the server MUST attach this method parameter. A server MAY attach the "c2s_no_context_takeover" method parameter to disallow the client to take over the LZ77 sliding window used to build previous frames. A client that received this parameter MUST reset its LZ77 sliding window for sending to empty for each frame. Yoshino Expires November 23, 2012 [Page 8] Internet-Draft WebSocket Per-frame Compression May 2012 These parameters have no value. A server MUST ignore any method parameter other than "s2c_max_window_bits" and "s2c_no_context_takeover" in the received "deflate" method description. A client MUST _Fail the WebSocket Connection_ if there is any method parameter other than the "s2c_max_window_bits", "c2s_max_window_bits", "s2c_no_context_takeover" and "c2s_no_context_takeover" in the received "deflate" method description. A client MUST _Fail the WebSocket Connection_ if it doesn't support the method and its configuration specified by the received "deflate" method description. 5.2. Application Data Transformation 5.2.1. Compression An endpoint MUST use the following algorithm to compress the "Application data" portion. 1. Compress all the octets in the "Application data" portion using DEFLATE. Multiple blocks MAY be used. Any type of block MAY be used. Both block with "BFINAL" set to 0 and 1 MAY be used. 2. If the resulting data does not end with an empty block with no compression ("BTYPE" set to 0), append an empty block with no compression to the tail. 3. Remove 4 octets (that are 0x00 0x00 0xff 0xff) from the tail. An endpoint MUST NOT use an LZ77 sliding window greater than 32,768 bytes to build frames to send. If the "method agreement" has the "s2c_max_window_bits" method parameter and its value is w, the server MUST NOT use an LZ77 sliding window greater than w-th power of 2 bytes to build frames to send. If the "method agreement" has the "c2s_max_window_bits" method parameter and its value is w, the client MUST NOT use an LZ77 sliding window greater than w-th power of 2 bytes to build frames to send. If the "method agreement" has the "s2c_no_context_takeover" method parameter, the server MUST reset its LZ77 sliding window for sending to empty for each frame. Otherwise, the server MAY take over the LZ77 sliding window used to build the last per-frame compressed frame. If the "method agreement" has the "c2s_no_context_takeover" method parameter, the client MUST reset its LZ77 sliding window for sending to empty for each frame. Otherwise, the client MAY take over Yoshino Expires November 23, 2012 [Page 9] Internet-Draft WebSocket Per-frame Compression May 2012 the LZ77 sliding window used to build the last per-frame compressed frame. 5.2.2. Decompression An endpoint MUST use the following algorithm to decompress the "Application data" portion. 1. Append 4 octets of 0x00 0x00 0xff 0xff to the tail. 2. Decompress the resulting octets using DEFLATE. If the "method agreement" has the "s2c_max_window_bits" method parameter and its value is w, the client MAY reduce the size of the LZ77 sliding window to decompress received frames down to the w-th power of 2 bytes. Otherwise, the client MUST use a 32,768 byte LZ77 sliding window to decompress received frames. If the "method agreement" has the "c2s_max_window_bits" method parameter and its value is w, the server MAY reduce the size of the LZ77 sliding window to decompress received frames down to the w-th power of 2 bytes. Otherwise, the server MUST use a 32,768 byte LZ77 sliding window to decompress received frames. If the "method agreement" has the "s2c_no_context_takeover" method parameter, the client MAY reset its LZ77 sliding window for receiving to empty for each frame. Otherwise, the client MUST take over the LZ77 sliding window used to parse the last per-frame compressed frame. If the "method agreement" has the "c2s_no_context_takeover" method parameter, the server MAY reset its LZ77 sliding window for receiving to empty for each frame. Otherwise, the server MUST take over the LZ77 sliding window used to parse the last per-frame compressed frame. 5.2.3. Examples _This section is non-normative._ These are examples of resulting data after applying the algorithm above. o "Hello" in one compressed block * 0xf2 0x48 0xcd 0xc9 0xc9 0x07 0x00 "Hello" in one compressed block in the next frame * 0xf2 0x00 0x11 0x00 0x00 Yoshino Expires November 23, 2012 [Page 10] Internet-Draft WebSocket Per-frame Compression May 2012 o "Hello" in one block with no compression * 0x00 0x05 0x00 0xfa 0xff 0x48 0x65 0x6c 0x6c 0x6f 0x00 o "Hello" in one block with "BFINAL" set to 1 * 0xf3 0x48 0xcd 0xc9 0xc9 0x07 0x00 0x00 o "He" and "llo" in separate blocks * 0xf2 0x48 0x05 0x00 0x00 0x00 0xff 0xff 0xca 0xc9 0xc9 0x07 0x00 5.3. Intermediaries When intermediaries forward frames, they MAY decompress and/or compress the frames according to the constraints negotiated during the opening handshake of the connection(s). 5.4. Implementation Notes _This section is non-normative._ On most common software development platforms, the operation of aligning compressed data to byte boundaries using an empty block with no compression is available as a library. For example, Zlib [Zlib] does this when "Z_SYNC_FLUSH" is passed to deflate function. To get sufficient compression ratio, LZ77 sliding window size of 1,024 or more is recommended. Yoshino Expires November 23, 2012 [Page 11] Internet-Draft WebSocket Per-frame Compression May 2012 6. Security Considerations There are no security concerns for now. Yoshino Expires November 23, 2012 [Page 12] Internet-Draft WebSocket Per-frame Compression May 2012 7. IANA Considerations 7.1. Registration of the "perframe-compress" WebSocket Extension Name This section describes a WebSocket extension name registration in the WebSocket Extension Name Registry [RFC6455]. Extension Identifier perframe-compress Extension Common Name WebSocket Per-frame Compression Extension Definition This document. Known Incompatible Extensions None The "perframe-compress" token is used in the "Sec-WebSocket-Extensions" header in the WebSocket opening handshake to negotiate use of the Per-frame Compression Extension. 7.2. Registration of the "Per-frame Compressed" WebSocket Framing Header Bit This section describes a WebSocket framing header bit registration in the WebSocket Framing Header Bits Registry [RFC6455]. Header Bit RSV1 Common Name Per-frame Compressed Meaning The frame is compressed or not. Reference Section 4 of this document. The "Per-frame Compressed" framing header bit is used to indicate whether the "Application data" portion of the frame is compressed by the Per-frame Compression Extension or not. Yoshino Expires November 23, 2012 [Page 13] Internet-Draft WebSocket Per-frame Compression May 2012 7.3. WebSocket Per-frame Compression Method Name Registry This specification creates a new IANA registry for names of compression methods to be used with the WebSocket Per-frame Compression Extension in accordance with the principles set out in [RFC5226]. As part of this registry, IANA maintains the following information: Method Identifier The identifier of the method, as will be used in the method description as defined Section 3 of this specification. The value must conform to the method-name ABNF as defined in Section 3 of this specification. Method Common Name The name of the method, as the method is generally referred to. Method Definition A reference to the document in which the method being used with this extension is defined. WebSocket Per-frame Compression method names are to be subject to the "First Come First Served" IANA registration policy [RFC5226]. IANA has added initial values to the registry as follows. +------------+-------------+---------------+ | Identifier | Common Name | Definition | +------------+-------------+---------------+ | deflate | DEFLATE | This document | +------------+-------------+---------------+ Yoshino Expires November 23, 2012 [Page 14] Internet-Draft WebSocket Per-frame Compression May 2012 8. Acknowledgements Special thanks to Patrick McManus who wrote up the initial specification of DEFLATE based compression extension for the WebSocket Protocol to which I referred to write this specification. Yoshino Expires November 23, 2012 [Page 15] Internet-Draft WebSocket Per-frame Compression May 2012 9. References 9.1. Normative References [RFC5226] Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for Writing an IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26, RFC 5226, May 2008. [RFC6455] Fette, I. and A. Melnikov, "The WebSocket Protocol", RFC 6455, December 2011. [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. [LZ77] Ziv, J. and A. Lempel, "A Universal Algorithm for Sequential Data Compression", IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 337-343. 9.2. Informative References [RFC1951] Deutsch, P., "DEFLATE Compressed Data Format Specification version 1.3", RFC 1951, May 1996. [RFC1979] Woods, J., "PPP Deflate Protocol", RFC 1979, August 1996. [Zlib] Gailly, J. and M. Adler, "Zlib", . Yoshino Expires November 23, 2012 [Page 16] Internet-Draft WebSocket Per-frame Compression May 2012 Author's Address Takeshi Yoshino Google, Inc. Email: tyoshino@google.com Yoshino Expires November 23, 2012 [Page 17]