Global Routing Operations Working Group T. Manderson Internet-Draft ICANN Intended status: Informational May 23, 2011 Expires: November 24, 2011 MRT BGP routing information export format with geo-location extensions draft-ietf-grow-geomrt-02.txt Abstract This document extends the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) Multi- threaded Routing Toolkit (MRT) export format for routing information to include terrestrial coordinates of a BGP Collector and its BGP Peers. Status of this Memo This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet- Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." This Internet-Draft will expire on November 24, 2011. Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2011 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License. Manderson Expires November 24, 2011 [Page 1] Internet-Draft Geo-Location extensions in MRT May 2011 Table of Contents 1. Requirements notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3. Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4. Geo-location aware MRT Routing Information Subtype . . . . . . 6 4.1. GEO_PEER_TABLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 4.2. GEO_PEER_TABLE and peer entry values. . . . . . . . . . . 7 5. BGP Collector Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 6. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 7. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 8. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 9. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 9.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 9.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Manderson Expires November 24, 2011 [Page 2] Internet-Draft Geo-Location extensions in MRT May 2011 1. Requirements notation The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119]. Manderson Expires November 24, 2011 [Page 3] Internet-Draft Geo-Location extensions in MRT May 2011 2. Introduction Researchers and engineers often wish to analyze network behavior by studying routing protocol transactions and routing information base snapshots in relation to geographical topologies. Usually the Border Gateway Protocol [RFC4271] is the subject of study and the analysis can be significantly aided by the availability and extension of the "Multi-threaded Routing Toolkit (MRT) format" [I-D.ietf-grow-mrt]. The MRT format was originally defined in the Multi-threaded Routing Toolkit Programmer's Guide [MRT-GUIDE]. The addition of geo-location coordinates (longitude and latitude) pertaining to the geographical location of both the BGP collector and its BGP peers to BGP export data enables a researcher or enquiring individual to gain a tererestrial insight to the routes seen by a BGP speaker. Such data may ultimately aide reserachers in understanding any disparity between the geographical location of networks and the topological location of networks in addition to the relationships between geographical position and routing anomolies. Such insight could provide future input into network design or network security. This memo documents an extension to the "MRT format" [I-D.ietf-grow-mrt] and introduces an additional definition of a MRT subtype field that includes the terestrial coordinates of a BGP Collector and its BGP Peers. Manderson Expires November 24, 2011 [Page 4] Internet-Draft Geo-Location extensions in MRT May 2011 3. Definitions Coordinates: A set of geographic latitude and longitude specifying a location on the Earth. BGP Speaker: A network device which exchanges network routing information using BGP. Geo-location: Assigning a set of coordinates to a specific artifact, in this case a BGP speaker. BGP Collector: A BGP speaker (usually passive) that stores and archives BGP routing data from active BGP peers for analysis. BGP Peer: Either an internal or external BGP peer [RFC4271]. Not A Number (NAN): numeric data type representing an undefined or unrepresentable value. As defined in IEEE Standard for Floating- Point Arithmetic [IEEE754]. Manderson Expires November 24, 2011 [Page 5] Internet-Draft Geo-Location extensions in MRT May 2011 4. Geo-location aware MRT Routing Information Subtype An additional subtype (GEO_PEER_TABLE) is defined for the TABLE_DUMP_v2 format, extending TABLE_DUMP_V2 Type. 4.1. GEO_PEER_TABLE The GEO_PEER_TABLE Subtype updates the TABLE_DUMP_v2 Types to include Geo-location information in the form of WGS84 [WGS-84] formatted coordinates. The document adds the 7th subtype number and name below. The first 6 subtypes are defined by the "MRT format" [I-D.ietf-grow-mrt]. Subtype Number Subtype Name ---------------------------------- 7 GEO_PEER_TABLE The GEO_PEER_TABLE MRT record provides the BGP ID of the collector, its latitude and longitude in WGS84 [WGS-84] format, and a list of indexed peers and their respective latitudes and longitudes in WGS84 [WGS-84] format. The format and function of the Collector BGP ID, Peer Count are as defined by the TABLE_DUMP_V2 PEER_INDEX_TABLE format. [I-D.ietf-grow-mrt]. The Collector Latitude and Collector Longitude are the geographical coordinates of the collector in WGS84 [WGS-84] datum decimal degrees format stored as a single precision float in the 32 bits allocated to the Collector Latitude and Collector Longitude. The latitude and longitude MAY be a Not A Number (NAN) [IEEE754] for situations where the geo-location of the collector is considered private. The Collector Latitude and Collector Longitude MUST NOT be a mix of WGS84 [WGS-84] datum coordinate and NAN values. 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Collector BGP ID | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Collector Latitude | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Collector Longitude | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Peer Count | Peer entries (variable) +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Manderson Expires November 24, 2011 [Page 6] Internet-Draft Geo-Location extensions in MRT May 2011 Format of the GEO_PEER_TABLE The format of the peer entries is shown below. The Peer Type and the Peer BGP ID is as defined in the TABLE_DUMP_V2 MRT [I-D.ietf-grow-mrt] PEER_INDEX_TABLE format. The order of the Peer entries in GEO_PEER_TABLE MUST match the order and number as existing in the PEER_INDEX_TABLE. 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Peer Type | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Peer BGP ID | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Peer Latitude | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Peer Longitude | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Format of peer entries The Peer Latitude and Peer Longitude are the geographical coordinates of the peer in WGS84 [WGS-84] datum decimal degrees format stored as a single precision float in the 32 bits allocated to the Peer Latitude and Peer Longitude. The latitude and longitude MAY be a Not A Number (NAN) [IEEE754] for situations where the geo-location of the peer is considered private. The Peer Latitude and Peer Longitude MUST NOT be a mix of WGS84 [WGS-84] datum coordinate and NAN values for a single Peer. 4.2. GEO_PEER_TABLE and peer entry values. Collector BGP ID: Defined in the MRT format [I-D.ietf-grow-mrt] Collector Latitude: Geographic latitude of the BGP collector in WGS84 [WGS-84] datum decimal degrees format stored as a single precision float. Collector Longitude: Geographic Longitude of the BGP collector in WGS84 [WGS-84] datum decimal degrees format stored as a single precision float. Peer Count: Defined in the MRT format [I-D.ietf-grow-mrt] Peer entries: Defined in the MRT format [I-D.ietf-grow-mrt] Manderson Expires November 24, 2011 [Page 7] Internet-Draft Geo-Location extensions in MRT May 2011 Peer Type: Defined in the MRT format [I-D.ietf-grow-mrt] Peer BGP ID: Defined in the MRT format [I-D.ietf-grow-mrt] Peer Latitude: Geographic latitude of the BGP peer in WGS84 [WGS-84] datum decimal degrees format stored as a single precision float. Peer Longitude: Geographic Longitude of the BGP peer in WGS84 [WGS-84] datum decimal degrees format stored as a single precision float. Manderson Expires November 24, 2011 [Page 8] Internet-Draft Geo-Location extensions in MRT May 2011 5. BGP Collector Construction This section is to aide the reader in understanding the function of a BGP collector. The BGP Collector is a device (hardware or software based) which speaks the Border Gateway Protocol and its intended function is to store (and archive) the BGP routing data it receives from other BGP speakers it has peering relationships with, providing data for later analysis. The general nature of a BGP Collector is that it is a passive device in that it listens to route updates, and does not announce nor propagate any information it knows or receives. It should be noted that this is not always the case, network operators sometimes enable the collection of BGP routing data on active BGP speakers to obtain a situational view of the routing system as they see it at a particular point in time. As a fully fledged BGP speaker the BGP Collector can fit into any BGP topology including iBGP, eBGP, and so on. The implementation of a BGP collector in a network topology is therefore limited by that network's use of BGP. Manderson Expires November 24, 2011 [Page 9] Internet-Draft Geo-Location extensions in MRT May 2011 6. Acknowledgements Thanks to Andrew Clark, Ernest Foo, Dave Meyer, Larry Bluck, Richard Barnes, and Jeffrey Haas for reviewing this document. This document describes a small portion of the research towards the author's PhD. Manderson Expires November 24, 2011 [Page 10] Internet-Draft Geo-Location extensions in MRT May 2011 7. IANA Considerations This document makes no request to IANA Manderson Expires November 24, 2011 [Page 11] Internet-Draft Geo-Location extensions in MRT May 2011 8. Security Considerations This extension to the "MRT format" [I-D.ietf-grow-mrt] defines fields that are of a descriptive nature and provide information that is useful in the analysis of routing systems. As such, the author believes that they do not constitute an additional security risk. It is recommended that the operators of the BGP collector and BGP peers consider their own privacy concerns before supplying geographical coordinates to BGP data collection systems. Manderson Expires November 24, 2011 [Page 12] Internet-Draft Geo-Location extensions in MRT May 2011 9. References 9.1. Normative References [I-D.ietf-grow-mrt] Blunk, L., Karir, M., and C. Labovitz, "MRT routing information export format", draft-ietf-grow-mrt-14 (work in progress), April 2011. [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. [RFC4271] Rekhter, Y., Li, T., and S. Hares, "A Border Gateway Protocol 4 (BGP-4)", RFC 4271, January 2006. 9.2. Informative References [IEEE754] IEEE, "IEEE Standard for Floating-Point Arithmetic", August 2008, . [MRT-GUIDE] Labovitz, C., "MRT Programmer's Guide", November 1999, . [WGS-84] Geodesy and Geophysics Department, DoD., "World Geodetic System 1984", January 2000, . Manderson Expires November 24, 2011 [Page 13] Internet-Draft Geo-Location extensions in MRT May 2011 Author's Address Terry Manderson ICANN Email: terry.manderson@icann.org Manderson Expires November 24, 2011 [Page 14]