ecrit H. Schulzrinne Internet-Draft Columbia U. Expires: March 6, 2006 R. Marshall, Ed. TCS September 2, 2005 Requirements for Emergency Context Resolution with Internet Technologies draft-ietf-ecrit-requirements-00.txt Status of this Memo By submitting this Internet-Draft, each author represents that any applicable patent or other IPR claims of which he or she is aware have been or will be disclosed, and any of which he or she becomes aware will be disclosed, in accordance with Section 6 of BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet- Drafts. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt. The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html. This Internet-Draft will expire on March 6, 2006. Copyright Notice Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2005). Abstract This document enumerates requirements for emergency calls placed by the public using voice-over-IP (VoIP) and general Internet multimedia systems, where Internet protocols are used end-to-end. Schulzrinne & Marshall Expires March 6, 2006 [Page 1] Internet-Draft ECRIT requirements September 2005 Table of Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3. Basic Actors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4. High-Level Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 5. Identifying the Caller Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 6. Emergency Identifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 7. Mapping Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 8. Emergency Caller Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 9. Performance and Reliability Considerations . . . . . . . . . . 20 10. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 11. Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 12. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 13. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 13.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 13.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements . . . . . . . . . . 26 Schulzrinne & Marshall Expires March 6, 2006 [Page 2] Internet-Draft ECRIT requirements September 2005 1. Introduction Users of voice-centric, (telephone-like) IP-based services expect to be able to call for emergency help, such as police, the fire department, or ambulance services, regardless of where they are, what (if any) service provider they are using, or what type of device they have. Additionally, users of other real-time and near real-time services (those other than voice) also expect to be able to summon emergency help. For example, instant messaging (IM) and real time text users want to have access to the same types of emergency services as mentioned above. IM and real time text are particularly helpful for hearing-disabled users, (RFC 3351 [4]), when there is a need for exactness as for example for spelling out names and addresses and in cases where bandwidth is scarce. Unfortunately, the mechanisms for emergency calls that have evolved in the public circuit-switched telephone network (PSTN) are not quite appropriate for evolving IP-based voice, text and real-time multimedia communications. This document outlines the key requirements that end systems and network elements such as SIP proxies need to satisfy in order to provide emergency call services which at a minimum, offer the same functionality as existing PSTN services, with the goal of making emergency calling more robust, less-costly to implement, and multimedia-capable. This document only focuses on end-to-end IP-based calls, i.e., where the emergency call originates from an IP end system, (Internet device), and terminates to an IP-capable PSAP, done entirely over an IP network. This document outlines the various functional issues which relate to making an IP-based emergency call, including a description of general requirements, (Section 4), identification of the emergency caller's location, (Section 5), use of an emergency identifier to declare a call to be an emergency call, (Section 6), the mapping function required to route the call to the appropriate PSAP, (Section 7), and finally, identifying who placed the call, (Section 8) Note that location is required for two separate purposes, first, to route the call to the appropriate PSAP and second, to display the caller's location to the call taker for help in dispatching emergency assistance to the correct location. Schulzrinne & Marshall Expires March 6, 2006 [Page 3] Internet-Draft ECRIT requirements September 2005 2. Terminology In this document, the key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [1] and indicate requirement levels for compliant implementations. Since a requirements document does not directly specify a protocol to implement, these compliance labels should be read as indicating requirements for the protocol or architecture, rather than an implementation. For lack of a better term, we will use the term "caller" or "emergency caller" to refer to the person placing an emergency call or sending an emergency IM. Access Infrastructure Provider (AIP): An organization that provides physical network connectivity to its customers or users, e.g. through digital subscriber lines, cable TV plants, Ethernet, leased lines or radio frequencies. This entity may or may not also provide IP routing, IP addresses, or other Internet protocol services. Examples of such organizations include telecommunication carriers, municipal utilities, larger enterprises with their own network infrastructure, and government organizations such as the military. address: A description of a location of a person, organization, or building, most often consisting of numerical and text elements such as street number, street name, and city arranged in a particular format. Application Service (Voice) Provider (ASP, VSP): The organization that provides voice or other application-layer services, such as call routing, a SIP URI or PSTN termination. This organization can be a private individual, an enterprise, a government or a service provider. We avoid the term voice service provider, since emergency calls are sometimes likely to use other media, including text and video. For a particular user, the ASP may not be the same organization as the AIP or ISP. Basic Emergency Service: Basic Emergency Service allows a user to reach a PSAP serving its current location, but the PSAP may not be able to determine the identity or geographic location of the caller (except by having the call taker ask the caller). Schulzrinne & Marshall Expires March 6, 2006 [Page 4] Internet-Draft ECRIT requirements September 2005 call taker: A call taker is an agent at the PSAP that accepts calls and may dispatch emergency help. (Sometimes the functions of call taking and dispatching are handled by different groups of people, but these divisions of labor are not generally visible to the outside and thus do not concern us here.) civic location: A described location based on some defined grid, such as a jurisdictional, postal, metropolitan, or rural reference system (e.g. street address). emergency address: The sip:uri, sips:uri, or tel:uri which represents the network address of the PSAP useful for the completion of a VoIP emergency call. emergency caller: The user or user device entity which sends his/her location to another entity in the network. emergency identifier: The numerical and/or text identifier which is supplied by a user or a user device, which identifies the call as an emergency call and is translated into an emergency address for call routing and completion. enhanced emergency service: Enhanced emergency services add the ability to identify the caller identity and/or caller location to basic emergency services. (Sometimes, only the caller location may be known, e.g. from a public access point that is not owned by an individual.) ESRP (Emergency Services Routing Proxy): An ESRP is a call routing entity that invokes the location-to-URL mapping, which in turn may return either the URL for another ESRP or the PSAP. (In a SIP system, the ESRP would typically be a SIP proxy, but could also be a Back-to-back user agent (B2BUA). geographic location: A reference to a locatable point described by a set of defined coordinates within a geographic coordinate system, (e.g. lat/lon within WGS-84 datum) Internet Service Provider (ISP): An organization that provides IP network-layer services to its customers or users. This entity may or may not provide the physical-layer and layer-2 connectivity, such as fiber or Ethernet. location: A geographic identification assigned to a region or feature based on a specific coordinate system, or by other precise information such as a street address. In the geocoding process, the location is defined with an x,y coordinate value according to the distance north or south of the equator and east or west of the Schulzrinne & Marshall Expires March 6, 2006 [Page 5] Internet-Draft ECRIT requirements September 2005 prime meridian. location validation: A caller location is considered valid if the civic or geographic location is recognizable within an acceptable location reference systems (e.g. USPS, WGS84, etc.), and can be mapped to one or more PSAPs. Location validation ensures that a location is reference able, but makes no assumption about the association between the caller and the caller's location. Mapping: Process of resolving an address to a URI (or multiple URIs). Mapping Client: A Mapping Client interacts with the Mapping Server to learn one or multiple URIs for a given address. Mapping Server: The Mapping Server holds information about the address to URI mappings. Miniumum Connectivity: A minimum set of [physical, virtual...??] connectivity between two endpoints. [Ed. Send additional text.] PSAP (Public Safety Answering Point): Physical location where emergency calls are received under the responsibility of a public authority. (This terminology is used by both ETSI, in ETSI SR 002 180, and NENA.) In the United Kingdom, PSAPs are called Operator Assistance Centres, in New Zealand, Communications Centres. Within this document, it is assumed, unless stated otherwise, that PSAP is that which supports the receipt of emergency calls over IP. It is also assumed that the PSAP is reachable by IP-based protocols, such as SIP for call signaling and RTP for media. Schulzrinne & Marshall Expires March 6, 2006 [Page 6] Internet-Draft ECRIT requirements September 2005 3. Basic Actors In order to support emergency services covering a large physical area various infrastructure elements are necessary: Access Infrastructure Providers, Application (Voice) Service Provider, PSAPs as endpoints for emergency calls, directory services or other infrastructure elements that assist in during the call routing and potentially many other entities. This section outlines which entities will be considered in the routing scenarios discussed. Location Information +-----------------+ |(1) |Access | +-----------+ v |Infrastructure | | | +-----------+ |Provider | | Directory | | | | (3) | | | | Emergency |<---+-----------------+-->| | | Caller | | (2) | +-----------+ | |<---+-------+ | ^ +-----------+ | +----|---------+------+ | ^ | | Location | | | | | | Information<-+ | | | +--+--------------+ |(8) | | (5) | | +-----------v+ | | | (4) | |Emergency | | | +--------------+--->|Call Routing|<--+---+ | | |Support | | | | +------------+ | | | ^ | | | (6) | +----+--+ | (7) | +------->| | +--------------+--------------->| PSAP | | | | |Application +----+--+ |(Voice) | |Service | |Provider | +---------------------+ Figure 1: Framework Figure 1 shows the interaction between the entities involved in the call. There are a number of different deployment choices, as it can be easily seen from the figure. The following deployment choices need to be highlighted: Schulzrinne & Marshall Expires March 6, 2006 [Page 7] Internet-Draft ECRIT requirements September 2005 o How is location information provided to the end host? It might either be known to the end host itself (due to manual configuration or provided via GPS) or available via a third party. Even if location information is known to the network it might be made available to the end host. Alternatively, location information is used as part of call routing and inserted by intermediaries. o Is the Access Infrastructure Provider also the Application (Voice) Service Provider? In the Internet today these roles are typically provided by different entities. As a consequence, the Application (Voice) Service Provider is typically not able to learn the physical location of the Emergency Caller. Please note that the overlapping squares aim to indicate that certain functionality can be collapsed into a single entity. As an example, the Application (Voice) Service Provider might be the same entity as the Access Infrastructure Provider and they might also operate the PSAP. There is, however, no requirement that this must be the case. Additionally it is worth pointing out that end systems might be its own VSP, e.g., for enterprises or residential users. Below, we describe various interactions between the entities shown in Figure 1 are described: o (1) Location information might be available to the end host itself. o (2) Location information might, however, also be obtained from the Access Infrastructure Provider (e.g., using DHCP or application layer signaling protocols). o (3) The Emergency Caller might need to consult a directory to determine the PSAP that is appropriate for the physical location of the emergency caller (and considering other attributes such as a certain language support by the Emergency Call Takers). o (4) The Emergency Caller might get assistance for emergency call routing by infrastructure elements (referred as Emergency Call Routing Support entities). In case of SIP these entities are proxies. o (5) Individual Emergency Call Routing Support entities might need to consult a directory to determine where to route the emergency call. o (6) The Emergency Call Routing Support entities need to finally forward the call, if infrastructure based emergency call routing is used. Schulzrinne & Marshall Expires March 6, 2006 [Page 8] Internet-Draft ECRIT requirements September 2005 o (7) The emergency caller might interact directly with the PSAP without any Emergency Call Routing Support entities. Schulzrinne & Marshall Expires March 6, 2006 [Page 9] Internet-Draft ECRIT requirements September 2005 4. High-Level Requirements Below, we summarize high-level architectural requirements that guide some of the component requirements detailed later in the document. R1. Application Service Provider: The existence of an Application Service Provider (ASP) MUST NOT be assumed. Motivation: The caller may not have a application (voice) service provider. For example, a residence may have its own DNS domain and run its own SIP proxy server for that domain. On a larger scale, a university might provide voice services to its students and staff, but not be a telecommunication provider. R2. International: The protocols and protocol extensions developed MUST support regional, political and organizational differences. Motivation: It must be possible for a device or software developed or purchased in one country to place emergency calls in another country. System components should not be biased towards a particular set of emergency numbers or languages. Also, different countries have evolved different ways of organizing emergency services, e.g. either centralizing them or having smaller regional subdivisions such as United States counties or municipalities handle emergency calls. R3. Distributed Administration: Deployment of emergency services MUST NOT depend on a sole central administration authority. Motivation: Once common standards are established, it must be possible to deploy and administer emergency calling features on a regional or national basis without requiring coordination with other regions or nations. The system cannot assume, for example, that there is a single global entity issuing certificates for PSAPs, ASPs, AIPs or other participants. R4. Multiple Modes: Multiple communication modes, such as audio, video and text messaging MUST be supported. Motivation: In PSTN, voice and text telephony (often called TTY or textphone in North America ) are the only commonly supported media. Emergency calling must support a variety of media. Such media should include voice, conversational text (RFC 4103 [6]), instant messaging and video. Schulzrinne & Marshall Expires March 6, 2006 [Page 10] Internet-Draft ECRIT requirements September 2005 R5. Minimum Connectivity: An emergency call SHOULD succeed as long as there is a working network path between the caller and the PSAP. In particular, reliance during call set-up and calls on entities and network paths that are located elsewhere should be minimized. Example: A caller in New York who needs to contact a PSAP in the same city shouldn't have to get information from some entity in Texas to make that call, as the call would then fail if the New York to Texas path is unavailable. (To avoid this, the caller could, for example, have cached mapping information, use a local server that has the necessary information, or use other mechanisms to avoid such off-path dependencies.) [Ed. Added a skeleton definintion of "minimum connectivity" to terms section (per ietf63 ecrit meeting minutes note), but still no resolution for the above.] R6. Incremental Deployment: The ECRIT mapping protocol MUST return URIs that are useable by a standard signaling protocol (i.e., without special emergency extensions) unless an error is returned. Motivation: The format of the output returned by the mapping protocol is in a standard format for communication protocol. For example, it should return something SIP specific (e.g. URI), that any SIP capable phone would be able to use if used in a SIP context. Special purpose URIs would not be understood by "legacy" SIP devices since they do not have knowledge about the mapping protocol, and therefore are not to be used. R7. Relay Services: It SHOULD be possible to involve relay services in the call for translation between different modes. Motivation: It should be possible to connect the relay service so that the direct flow of media to the emergency service is maintained. In addition, it should be possible to convey telemetry data, such as data from automobile crash sensors. D1. PSAP Identification: The mapping information MUST be available without having to enroll with a service provider. Motivation: The mapping server may well be operated by a service provider, but access to the server offering the mapping must not require use of a specific ISP or VSP. Schulzrinne & Marshall Expires March 6, 2006 [Page 11] Internet-Draft ECRIT requirements September 2005 5. Identifying the Caller Location Location can either be provided directly, or by reference, and represents either a civic location, or as a geographic location. How does the location (or location reference) become associated with the call? In general, we can distinguish three modes of operation of how a location is associated with an emergency call: UA-inserted: The caller's user agent inserts the location information, derived from sources such as GPS, DHCP or link-layer announcements (LLDP). UA-referenced: The caller's user agent provides a reference, via a permanent or temporary identifier, to the location which is stored by a location service somewhere else and then retrieved by the PSAP. Proxy-inserted: A proxy along the call path inserts the location or location reference. L6. Validation of civic location: It MUST be possible to validate an address prior to its use in an actual emergency call. Motivation: Location validation refers to a process to determine whether or not a given civic location is valid or not. L10. Preferred datum: The preferred coordinate reference system for emergency calls MUST be WGS-84. L28. Location Provided: An Emergency Services Routing Proxy (ESRP) MUST NOT remove location information after performing location based routing. Motivation: The ESRP and the PSAP use the same location information object but for a different purpose. Therefore, the PSAP still requires the receipt of information which represents the end device's location. L29.: Validation of civic addresses MUST NOT be required to enable any feature that is part of the emergency call process. Motivation: Emergency routing protocols must take into account location based on a variety of forms and formats, (e.g. civic address, MSAG, USPS, lat/lon, etc.) and be able to perform adequate PSAP routing for the context in which the call is initiated. Schulzrinne & Marshall Expires March 6, 2006 [Page 12] Internet-Draft ECRIT requirements September 2005 6. Emergency Identifier A1a. Universal Identifier - Setup: One or more universal emergency identifiers MUST be recognized by any device or network element for call setup purposes Motivation: There must be some way for any device or element to recognize an emergency call throughout the call setup. This is regardless of the device location, the application (voice) service provider used (if any at all), or of any other factor. Examples of these might include: 911, 112, and sos.*. A1b. Universal Identifier - Mapping: One or more universal emergency identifiers MUST be recognized by any device or network element to support mapping. Motivation: Mapping must be made to work under all circumstances, by any network element or device. This is regardless of the device location, the application (voice) service provider used (if any at all), or of any other factor. Examples of these might include: 911, 112, and sos.*. A1c. Emergency Marking: Emergency requests which are not already marked as emergency calls, MUST be recognizable and marked by user agents, proxies, and other network elements as emergency calls. Motivation: SIP and other call signaling protocols are not specific to one country or service provider and devices are likely to be used across national or service provider boundaries. Since services such as disabling mandatory authentication for emergency calls requires the cooperation of outbound proxies, the outbound proxy has to be able to recognize the emergency address and be assured that it will be routed as an emergency call. A universal address also makes it possible to create user interface elements that are correctly configured without user intervention. UA features could be made to work without such an identifier, but the user interface would then have to provide an unambiguous way to declare a particular call an emergency call. A3. Recognizable: Emergency calls MUST be recognizable by user agents, proxies and other network elements. Motivation: To prevent fraud, an address identified as an emergency number for call features or authentication override MUST also cause routing to a PSAP. Schulzrinne & Marshall Expires March 6, 2006 [Page 13] Internet-Draft ECRIT requirements September 2005 A4. Minimal configuration: Any local emergency identifiers SHOULD be configured automatically, without user intervention. Motivation: A new UA "unofficially imported" into an organization from elsewhere should have the same emergency capabilities as one officially installed. Schulzrinne & Marshall Expires March 6, 2006 [Page 14] Internet-Draft ECRIT requirements September 2005 7. Mapping Protocol There are two approaches for triggering the mapping protocol: caller- based, or mediated. From the previous section, we take the requirement of a single (or a small number of) emergency addresses which are independent of the caller's location. However, since for reasons of robustness, jurisdictional and local knowledge, and since PSAPs only serve a limited geographic region, having the call reach the appropriate PSAP is crucial. There appears to be two basic architectures for translating an emergency identifier into the appropriate PSAP emergency address. We refer to these as caller-based and mediated. In caller-based resolution, the caller's user agent consults a directory and determines the appropriate PSAP based on its location. For mediated resolution, a call signaling server, such as a SIP (outbound) proxy or redirect server performs this function. Note that the latter case includes the architecture where the call is effectively routed to a copy of the database, rather than having some non-SIP protocol query the database. Since servers may be used as outbound proxy servers by clients that are not in the same geographic area as the proxy server, any proxy server has to be able to translate any caller location to the appropriate PSAP. (A traveler may, for example, accidentally or intentionally configure its home proxy server as its outbound proxy server, even while far away from home.) The resolution may take place well before the actual emergency call is placed, or at the time of the call. The problem at hand is more difficult to resolve than that for traditional web or email services. In this case, the emergency caller only dialed an emergency identifier, and depending on the location, any one of several thousand PSAPs around the world could be appropriate PSAP. In addition, the caller probably does not care which specific PSAP answers the call, but rather that it be an accredited PSAP, e.g. one run by the local government authorities. (Many PSAPs are run by private entities. For example, universities and corporations with large campuses often have their own emergency response centers.) Schulzrinne & Marshall Expires March 6, 2006 [Page 15] Internet-Draft ECRIT requirements September 2005 I1. Appropriate PSAP: Calls MUST be routed to the PSAP responsible for this particular geographic area. Motivation: In particular, the location determination should not be fooled by the location of IP telephony gateways or dial-in lines into a corporate LAN (and dispatch emergency help to the gateway or campus, rather than the caller), multi-site LANs and similar arrangements. I3. Mapping redirection: The mapping protocol MUST support redirection functionality. Motivation: In some cases, an initial mapping may provide a single URL for a large geographic area. The ESRP identified by that URL then re-invokes the mapping protocol on a different database to obtain another URL for an ESRP or PSAP covering a smaller area. D5. Minimal additional delay: The execution of the mapping protocol SHOULD minimize the amount of additional delay to the overall call-setup time. Motivation: Since outbound proxies will likely be asked to resolve the same geographic coordinates repeatedly, a suitable time- limited caching mechanism should be supported. D7. Referral: The mapping client MUST be able to contact any server and be referred to another server that is more qualified to answer the query. Motivation: This requirement alleviates the potential for incorrect configurations to cause calls to fail, particularly for caller-based queries. I4. Return multiple PSAPs: The mapping protocol MUST be able to return multiple URLs for different PSAPs that cover the same area. The mapping protocol must provide additional information that allows the querying entity to determine relevant properties of the URL. Motivation: In some cases, the same geographic area is served by several PSAPs, for example, a corporate campus might be served by both a corporate security department and the municipal PSAP. The mapping protocol should then return URLs for both, with information allowing the querying entity to choose one or the other. This determination could be made by either an ESRP, based on local policy, or by direct user choice, in the case of caller- based trigger methods. Schulzrinne & Marshall Expires March 6, 2006 [Page 16] Internet-Draft ECRIT requirements September 2005 I7. Traceable resolution: The entity requesting mapping SHOULD be able to determine the entity or entities who provided the emergency address resolution information. I8. Resilience against server failure: A client MUST be able to fail over to another replica of the mapping server, so that a failure of a server does not endanger the ability to perform the mapping. I10. Incrementally deployable: The mapping function MUST be capable of being deployed incrementally. It must not be necessary, for example, to have a global street level database before deploying the system. It is acceptable to have some misrouting of calls when the database does not (yet) contain accurate boundary information. I13. Verify mapping support: The mapping protocol SHOULD support the ability for a requesting entity to verify that mapping services are available for a referenced location. Motivation: It should be possible to make sure ahead of time, that requests for emergency services will work when needed. I25. Mapping requested from anywhere: The mapping protocol MUST be able to provide the mapping regardless of where the mapping client is located, either geographically or by network location. Motivation: The mapping client, (such as the ESRP), may not necessarily be anywhere close to the caller or the appropriate PSAP, but must still be able to obtain a mapping. I31: The mapping protocol MUST allow a response to carry multiple URIs. Motivation: In response to a mapping request, a server will normally provide a URI or set of URIs for contacting the appropriate PSAP. I31b: The mapping protocol MUST be able to return a URI or contact method explicitly marked as an alternate contact. Motivation: In response to a mapping request, if an expected URI is unable to be returned, then mapping server may return an alternate URI. When and how this would be used will be described in an operational document. Schulzrinne & Marshall Expires March 6, 2006 [Page 17] Internet-Draft ECRIT requirements September 2005 I39. Location Updates: It SHOULD be possible to have updates of location. Motivation: Updated location information may change call routing, (some device measurement techniques provide quick (i.e. early), but imprecise "first fix" location). I40. The mapping protocol MUST be extensible to allow for the inclusion of new location fields. Motivation: This is needed, for example, to accommodate future extensions to location information that might be included in the PIDF-LO (I-D.ietf-geopriv-pidf-lo-03 [2]) I41. Split responsibility: The mapping protocol MUST allow that within a single level of the civic address hierarchy, multiple mapping servers handle subsets of the data elements. Motivation: For example, two directories for the same city or county may handle different streets within that city or county. I42. The mapping function MUST be able to be invoked at any time, including while an emergency call is in process. D9. Baseline query protocol: A mandatory-to-implement protocol MUST be specified. Motivation: An over-abundance of similarly-capable choices appears undesirable for interoperability. Schulzrinne & Marshall Expires March 6, 2006 [Page 18] Internet-Draft ECRIT requirements September 2005 8. Emergency Caller Identification TEXT REQUESTED [Ed. This section was never here, but was requested (H. Schulzrinne, 8/09/05 email.).] Schulzrinne & Marshall Expires March 6, 2006 [Page 19] Internet-Draft ECRIT requirements September 2005 9. Performance and Reliability Considerations Baseline performance and reliability requirements, while tend to be more of an implementation related set of issues, should still be discussed some within the context of basic requirements for the protocol. Therefore, some suggested values relating to portions of the routing protocol are provided. Latency to ring-tone It is recommended that a session setup interval be no more than 2 seconds, 68% (1-sigma) of the time, 4 seconds for 95% (2-sigma), and 8 seconds for 99% (3-sigma), for the interval of time between when the session is initiated, until the time that the signaling "ring-tone" is received by the initiator. [Ed. Not sure if the inclusion of this here is warranted. May still be controversial.] Latency to operator It is recommended that a session setup interval be no more than 6 seconds, 68% (1-sigma) of the time, 8 seconds for 95% (2-sigma), and 10 seconds for 99% (3-sigma), for the interval of time between when the session is initiated, until the time that the signaling is received by the operator. [Ed. same comment as above.] Schulzrinne & Marshall Expires March 6, 2006 [Page 20] Internet-Draft ECRIT requirements September 2005 10. Security Considerations Note: Security Considerations are referenced in the ECRIT security document [3]. Schulzrinne & Marshall Expires March 6, 2006 [Page 21] Internet-Draft ECRIT requirements September 2005 11. Contributors The information contained in this document is a result of a joint effort based on individual contributions by those involved in the ECRIT WG. The contributors include Nadine Abbott, Hideki Arai, Martin Dawson, Motoharu Kawanishi, Brian Rosen, Richard Stastny, Martin Thomson, James Winterbottom. The contributors can be reached at: Nadine Abbott nabbott@telcordia.com Hideki Arai arai859@oki.com Martin Dawson mdawson@nortelnetworks.com Motoharu Kawanishi kawanishi381@oki.com Brian Rosen br@brianrosen.net Richard Stastny Richard.Stastny@oefeg.at Martin Thomson marthom@nortelnetworks.com James Winterbottom winterb@nortelnetworks.com Schulzrinne & Marshall Expires March 6, 2006 [Page 22] Internet-Draft ECRIT requirements September 2005 12. Acknowledgments We would like to thank James Polk, Ted Hardie and Andrew Newton for their input. Schulzrinne & Marshall Expires March 6, 2006 [Page 23] Internet-Draft ECRIT requirements September 2005 13. References 13.1. Normative References [1] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. [2] Peterson, J., "A Presence-based GEOPRIV Location Object Format", draft-ietf-geopriv-pidf-lo-03 (work in progress), September 2004. [3] Tschofenig, H., "Security Threats and Requirements for Emergency Calling", draft-tschofenig-ecrit-security-threats-01 (work in progress), July 2005. 13.2. Informative References [4] Charlton, N., Gasson, M., Gybels, G., Spanner, M., and A. van Wijk, "User Requirements for the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) in Support of Deaf, Hard of Hearing and Speech-impaired Individuals", RFC 3351, August 2002. [5] Cuellar, J., Morris, J., Mulligan, D., Peterson, J., and J. Polk, "Geopriv Requirements", RFC 3693, February 2004. [6] Hellstrom, G. and P. Jones, "RTP Payload for Text Conversation", RFC 4103, June 2005. [7] Wijk, A., "Framework of requirements for real-time text conversation using SIP", draft-ietf-sipping-toip-02 (work in progress), August 2005. Schulzrinne & Marshall Expires March 6, 2006 [Page 24] Internet-Draft ECRIT requirements September 2005 Authors' Addresses Henning Schulzrinne Columbia University Department of Computer Science 450 Computer Science Building New York, NY 10027 US Phone: +1 212 939 7004 Email: hgs+ecrit@cs.columbia.edu URI: http://www.cs.columbia.edu Roger Marshall (editor) TeleCommunication Systems 2401 Elliott Avenue 2nd Floor Seattle, WA 98121 US Phone: +1 206 792 2424 Email: rmarshall@telecomsys.com URI: http://www.telecomsys.com Schulzrinne & Marshall Expires March 6, 2006 [Page 25] Internet-Draft ECRIT requirements September 2005 Intellectual Property Statement The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any Intellectual Property Rights or other rights that might be claimed to pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in this document or the extent to which any license under such rights might or might not be available; nor does it represent that it has made any independent effort to identify any such rights. 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