6TiSCH MR. Palattella, Ed. Internet-Draft SnT/Univ. of Luxembourg Intended status: Informational P. Thubert Expires: January 5, 2015 cisco T. Watteyne Linear Technology / Dust Networks Q. Wang Univ. of Sci. and Tech. Beijing July 4, 2014 Terminology in IPv6 over the TSCH mode of IEEE 802.15.4e draft-ietf-6tisch-terminology-02 Abstract 6TiSCH proposes an architecture for an IPv6 multi-link subnet that is composed of a high speed powered backbone and a number of IEEE802.15.4e TSCH wireless networks attached and synchronized by backbone routers. This document extends existing terminology documents available for Low-power and Lossy Networks to provide additional terminology elements. Requirements Language The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119]. Status of This Memo This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet- Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." This Internet-Draft will expire on January 5, 2015. Palattella, et al. Expires January 5, 2015 [Page 1] Internet-Draft 6tisch-terminology July 2014 Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2014 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License. Table of Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 4. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 5. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 6. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 6.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 6.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 6.3. External Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 1. Introduction A new breed of Time Sensitive Networks is being developed to enable traffic that is highly sensitive to jitter and quite sensitive to latency. Such traffic is not limited to voice and video, but also includes command and control operations such as in industrial automation or in-vehicle sensors and actuators. At IEEE802.1, the "Audio/Video Task Group", was renamed TSN for Time Sensitive Networking. The IEEE802.15.4 Medium Access Control (MAC) has evolved with IEEE802.15.4e which provides in particular the Time Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH) mode for industrial-type applications. Both provide deterministic capabilities to the point that a packet that pertains to a certain flow crosses the network from node to node following a very precise schedule, like a train leaves intermediate stations at precise times along its path. This document provides additional terminology elements to cover terms that are new to the context of TSCH wireless networks and other deterministic networks. Palattella, et al. Expires January 5, 2015 [Page 2] Internet-Draft 6tisch-terminology July 2014 2. Terminology The draft extends [I-D.ietf-roll-terminology] and use terms from RFC 6550 [RFC6550] and RFC 6552 [RFC6552], which are all included here by reference. The draft does not reuse terms from IEEE802.15.4e such as "path" or "link" which bear a meaning that is quite different from classical IETF parlance. This document adds the following terms: 6TiSCH: IPv6 over the Timeslotted Channel Hopping (TSCH) mode of IEEE 802.15.4e. It defines the 6top sublayer and a set of protocols (in particular, for setting up a schedule with a centralized or distributed approach, managing the resource allocation), as well as the architecture to bind them together, for use in IPv6 TSCH based networks. 6F: IPv6 Forwarding. One of the three forwarding models supported by 6TiSCH. Packets are routed at layer 3, where Quality of Service (QoS) and Random Early Detection (RED) [RFC2309] operations are expected to prioritize flows with differentiated services. 6top: 6top is the adaptation sublayer between TSCH and upper layers like 6LoWPAN and RPL. It is defined in [I-D.wang-6tisch-6top-sublayer]. 6top Data Convey Model: Model describing how the 6top adaptation layer feeds the data flow coming from upper layers into TSCH. It is composed by an I-MUX module, a MUX module, a set of priority queues, and a PDU (Payload Data Unit).See [I-D.wang-6tisch-6top-sublayer]. ASN: Absolute Slot Number, the total number of timeslots that has elapsed since the start of the network or an arbitrary start time (i.e., a timeslot counter, incremented by one at each timeslot). It is wide enough to not roll over in practice. See [IEEE802154e]. Blacklist: Set of frequencies which should not be used for communication. BBR: Backbone Router. In the 6TiSCH architecture, it is an LBR and also a IPv6 ND-efficiency-aware Router (NEAR) [I-D.chakrabarti-nordmark-6man-efficient-nd]. It performs ND proxy operations between registered devices Palattella, et al. Expires January 5, 2015 [Page 3] Internet-Draft 6tisch-terminology July 2014 and classical ND devices that are located over the backbone. Broadcast cell: A scheduled cell used for broadcast transmission. Bundle: A group of equivalent scheduled cells, i.e. cells identified by different [slotOffset, channelOffset], which are scheduled for a same purpose, with the same neighbor, with the same flags, and the same slotframe. The size of the bundle refers to the number of cells it contains. Given the length of the slotframe, the size of the bundle translates directly into bandwidth. Cell: A single element in the TSCH schedule, identified by a slotOffset, a channelOffset, a slotframeHandle. A cell can be scheduled or unscheduled. ChannelOffset: Identifies a row in the TSCH slotframe. The number of available channelOffsets is equal to the number of available frequencies. The channelOffset translates into a frequency when the communication takes place, resulting in channel hopping, as detailed in [I-D.ietf-6tisch-tsch]. Channel distribution/usage (CDU) matrix: : Matrix of height equal to the number of available channels (i.e, ChannelOffsets), representing the spectrum (channel) distribution among the different (RPL parent) nodes in the networks. Every single element of the matrix belongs to a specific chunk. It has to be noticed that such matrix, even though it includes all the cells grouped in chunks, belonging to different slotframes, is different from the TSCH schedule. Chunk: A well-known list of cells, well-distributed in time and frequency, within a CDU matrix; a chunk represents a portion of a CDU matrix that is globally known by all the nodes in the network, with typically at most one cell per slotOffset for single radio devices. Once appropriated, a chunk can be managed separately by a single node within its interference domain. A node may appropriate multiple chunks, and use them according to a specific policy. Chunks may overlap. They can be pre-programmed, or can be computed by an external entity at the network bootstrap. Palattella, et al. Expires January 5, 2015 [Page 4] Internet-Draft 6tisch-terminology July 2014 Chunk ownership appropriation: The process by which an individual node obtains a chunk to manage based on peer-to-peer interaction with its neighbors. Chunk ownership delegation: The process by which an individual node obtains a chunk to manage based on point-to-point interaction with an external entity. Communication Paradigm: It is Associated with the Information Model [RFC3444] of the state that is exchanged, and indicates: the location of that state (e.g., centralized vs. distributed, RESTful, etc.), the numbers of parties (e.g., P2P vs. P2MP) and the relationship between parties (e.g., master/slave vs. peers) at a high level of protocol abstraction. Layer 5 client/server REST is a typical communication paradigm, but industrial protocols also use publish/subscribe which is P2MP and source/sink which is MP2MP and primarily used for alarms and alerts at the application layer. At layer 3, basic flooding, P2P synchronization and path-marking (RSVP-like) are commonly used paradigms, whereas at layer 2, master/slave polling and peer-to-peer forwarding are classical examples. Dedicated Cell: A cell that is reserved for a given node to transmit to a specific neighbor. Distributed cell reservation: A reservation of a cell done by one or more in-network entities (typically a connection endpoint). Distributed track reservation: A reservation of a track done by one or more in-network entities (typically a connection endpoint). EB: Enhanced Beacon frame used by a node to announce the presence of the network. It contains information about the timeslot length, the current ASN value, the slotframes and timeslots the beaconing mote is listening on, and a 1-byte join priority (i.e., number of hops separating the node sending the EB, and the PAN coordinator). FF: 6LoWPAN Fragment Forwarding. It is one of the three forwarding models supported by 6TiSCH. The 6LoWPAN Fragment is used as a label for switching at the 6LoWPAN sublayer, as defined in [I-D.thubert-roll-forwarding-frags]. Palattella, et al. Expires January 5, 2015 [Page 5] Internet-Draft 6tisch-terminology July 2014 GMPLS: Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching, a 2.5 layer service that is used to forward packets based on the concept of generalized labels. Hard Cell: A scheduled cell which the 6top sublayer cannot reallocate. See [I-D.wang-6tisch-6top-sublayer]. Hopping Sequence: Ordered sequence of frequencies, identified by a Hopping_Sequence_ID, used for channel hopping, when translating the channel offset value into a frequency (i.e., PHY channel). See [IEEE802154e] and [I-D.ietf-6tisch-tsch]. IE: Information Elements, a list of Type-Length-Value containers placed at the end of the MAC header, used to pass data between layers or devices. A small number of types are defined by [IEEE802154e], but a range of types is available for extensions, and thus, is exploitable by 6TiSCH. See [IEEE802154e]. I-MUX module: Inverse-Multiplexer, a classifier that receives 6LoWPAN frames and places them into priority queues. See [I-D.wang-6tisch-6top-sublayer]. Interaction Model: It is a particular way of implementing a communication paradigm. Defined at a lower level of abstraction, it includes protocol-specific details such as a particular method (e.g., a REST GET) and a Data Model for the state to be exchanged. KMP: Key Managment Protocol. LBR: LLN Border Router. It is an LLN device, usually powered, that acts as a Border Router to the outside within the 6TiSCH architecture. Link: A communication facility or medium over which nodes can communicate at the link layer, i.e., the layer immediately below IP. Thus, the IETF parlance for the term "Link" is adopted, as opposed to the IEEE802.15.4e terminology. In the context of the 6TiSCH architecture, which applies to Low Power Lossy Networks (LLNs), an IPv6 subnet is usually not congruent to a single link and techniques such as IPv6 Neighbor Discovery Proxying are used to achieve reachability within the multilink subnet. A link is distinct from a track. In fact, link local addresses are not expected to be used over a track for end to end communication. Finally, from the Layer 3 Palattella, et al. Expires January 5, 2015 [Page 6] Internet-Draft 6tisch-terminology July 2014 perspective (where the inner complexities of TSCH operations are hidden to enable classical IP routing and Forwarding), a single radio interface may be seen as a number of Links with different capabilities for unicast or multicast services. Logical Cell: A cell that corresponds to granted bandwidth but is only lazily associated to a physical cell, based on usage. MAC: Medium Access Control. MUX module: Multiplexer, the entity that dequeues frames from priority queues and associates them to a cell for transmission. See [I-D.wang-6tisch-6top-sublayer]. NEAR: Energy Aware Default Router, as defined in [I-D.chakrabarti-nordmark-6man-efficient-nd]. NME: Network Management Entity, the entity in the network managing cells and other device resources. It may cooperate with the PCE. It interacts with LLN nodes through the backbone router. PANA: Protocol for carrying Authentication for Network Access, as defined in [RFC5191] . PCE: Path Computation Element, the entity in the network which is responsible for building and maintaining the TSCH schedule, when centralized scheduling is used. PCE cell reservation: The reservation of a cell done by the PCE. PCE track reservation: The reservation of a track done by the PCE. QoS: Quality of Service. (to) reallocate a cell: The action operated by the 6top sublayer of changing the slotOffset and/or channelOffset of a soft cell. SA: Security Association. (to) Schedule a cell: The action of turning an unscheduled cell into a scheduled cell. Scheduled cell: A cell which is assigned a neighbor MAC address (broadcast address is also possible), and one or more of Palattella, et al. Expires January 5, 2015 [Page 7] Internet-Draft 6tisch-terminology July 2014 the following flags: TX, RX, shared, timeskeeping. A scheduled cell can be used by the IEEE802.15.4e TSCH implementation to communicate. A scheduled cell can be a hard cell or a soft cell. Shared Cell: A cell marked with both the "TX" and "shared" flags. This cell can be used by more than one transmitter node. A backoff algorithm is used to resolve contention. See [I-D.ietf-6tisch-tsch]. SlotOffset: Identifies a column in the TSCH schedule, i.e., the number of timeslots since the beginning of the current iteration of the slotframe. Slotframe: A MAC-level abstraction that is internal to the node and contains a series of timeslots of equal length and priority. It is characterized by a slotframe_ID, and a slotframe_size. Multiple slotframes can coexist in a node's schedule, i.e., a node can have multiple activities scheduled in different slotframes, based on the priority of its packets/traffic flows. The timeslots in the Slotframe are indexed by the SlotOffset; the first timeslot is at SlotOffset 0. Soft Cell: A scheduled cell which the 6top sublayer can reallocate, as described in [I-D.wang-6tisch-6top-sublayer]. TF: Track Forwarding. It is the simplest and fastest forwarding model supported by 6TiSCH. It is a G-MPLS- like forwarding model. The input cell characterizes the flow and indicates the output cell. Timeslot: A basic communication unit in TSCH which allows a transmitter node to send a frame to a receiver neighbor, and that receiver neighbor to optionally send back an acknowledgment. Time Source Neighbor: A neighbor a node uses as its time reference, and to which it needs to keep its clock synchronized. A node can have one or more time source neighbors. Track: A determined sequence of cells along a multi-hop path. It is typically the result of a reservation. The node that initializes the process for establishing a track is the owner of the track. The latter assigns a unique identifier to the track, called TrackID. Palattella, et al. Expires January 5, 2015 [Page 8] Internet-Draft 6tisch-terminology July 2014 TrackID: Unique identifier of a track, assigned by the owner of the track. TSCH: Time Slotted Channel Hopping, a medium access mode of the [IEEE802154e] standard which uses time synchronization to achieve ultra low-power operation and channel hopping to enable high reliability. TSCH Schedule: A matrix of cells, each cell indexed by a slotOffset and a channelOffset. The TSCH schedule contains all the scheduled cells from all slotframes and is sufficient to qualify the communication in the TSCH network. The "width of the matrix is equal to the number of scheduled timeslots in all the concurrent active slotframes. The number of channelOffset values (the "height" of the matrix) is equal to the number of available frequencies. unscheduled cell: A cell which is not used by the IEEE802.15.4e TSCH implementation. 3. IANA Considerations This specification does not require IANA action. 4. Security Considerations This specification is not found to introduce new security threats. 5. Acknowledgments Thanks to the IoT6 European Project (STREP) of the 7th Framework Program (Grant 288445). 6. References 6.1. Normative References [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. [RFC2309] Braden, B., Clark, D., Crowcroft, J., Davie, B., Deering, S., Estrin, D., Floyd, S., Jacobson, V., Minshall, G., Partridge, C., Peterson, L., Ramakrishnan, K., Shenker, S., Wroclawski, J., and L. Zhang, "Recommendations on Queue Management and Congestion Avoidance in the Internet", RFC 2309, April 1998. Palattella, et al. Expires January 5, 2015 [Page 9] Internet-Draft 6tisch-terminology July 2014 [RFC3444] Pras, A. and J. Schoenwaelder, "On the Difference between Information Models and Data Models", RFC 3444, January 2003. [RFC5191] Forsberg, D., Ohba, Y., Patil, B., Tschofenig, H., and A. Yegin, "Protocol for Carrying Authentication for Network Access (PANA)", RFC 5191, May 2008. [RFC6550] Winter, T., Thubert, P., Brandt, A., Hui, J., Kelsey, R., Levis, P., Pister, K., Struik, R., Vasseur, JP., and R. Alexander, "RPL: IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks", RFC 6550, March 2012. [RFC6552] Thubert, P., "Objective Function Zero for the Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL)", RFC 6552, March 2012. 6.2. Informative References [I-D.chakrabarti-nordmark-6man-efficient-nd] Chakrabarti, S., Nordmark, E., Thubert, P., and M. Wasserman, "IPv6 Neighbor Discovery Optimizations for Wired and Wireless Networks", draft-chakrabarti-nordmark- 6man-efficient-nd-05 (work in progress), February 2014. [I-D.ietf-6tisch-6top-interface] Wang, Q., Vilajosana, X., and T. Watteyne, "6TiSCH Operation Sublayer (6top) Interface", draft-ietf-6tisch- 6top-interface-00 (work in progress), March 2014. [I-D.ietf-6tisch-architecture] Thubert, P., Watteyne, T., and R. Assimiti, "An Architecture for IPv6 over the TSCH mode of IEEE 802.15.4e", draft-ietf-6tisch-architecture-02 (work in progress), June 2014. [I-D.ietf-6tisch-coap] Sudhaakar, R. and P. Zand, "6TiSCH Resource Management and Interaction using CoAP", draft-ietf-6tisch-coap-00 (work in progress), May 2014. [I-D.ietf-6tisch-minimal] Vilajosana, X. and K. Pister, "Minimal 6TiSCH Configuration", draft-ietf-6tisch-minimal-01 (work in progress), June 2014. Palattella, et al. Expires January 5, 2015 [Page 10] Internet-Draft 6tisch-terminology July 2014 [I-D.ietf-6tisch-tsch] Watteyne, T., Palattella, M., and L. Grieco, "Using IEEE802.15.4e TSCH in an LLN context: Overview, Problem Statement and Goals", draft-ietf-6tisch-tsch-00 (work in progress), November 2013. [I-D.ietf-roll-terminology] Vasseur, J., "Terms used in Routing for Low power And Lossy Networks", draft-ietf-roll-terminology-13 (work in progress), October 2013. [I-D.thubert-roll-forwarding-frags] Thubert, P. and J. Hui, "LLN Fragment Forwarding and Recovery", draft-thubert-roll-forwarding-frags-02 (work in progress), September 2013. [I-D.wang-6tisch-6top-sublayer] Wang, Q., Vilajosana, X., and T. Watteyne, "6TiSCH Operation Sublayer (6top)", draft-wang-6tisch-6top- sublayer-00 (work in progress), February 2014. 6.3. External Informative References [IEEE802154e] IEEE standard for Information Technology, "IEEE std. 802.15.4e, Part. 15.4: Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs) Amendment 1: MAC sublayer", April 2012. Authors' Addresses Maria Rita Palattella (editor) University of Luxembourg Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust 4, rue Alphonse Weicker Luxembourg L-2721 Luxembourg Phone: (+352) 46 66 44 5841 Email: maria-rita.palattella@uni.lu Palattella, et al. Expires January 5, 2015 [Page 11] Internet-Draft 6tisch-terminology July 2014 Pascal Thubert Cisco Systems, Inc Village d'Entreprises Green Side 400, Avenue de Roumanille Batiment T3 Biot - Sophia Antipolis 06410 France Phone: +33 497 23 26 34 Email: pthubert@cisco.com Thomas Watteyne Linear Technology / Dust Networks 30695 Huntwood Avenue Hayward, CA 94544 USA Phone: +1 (510) 400-2978 Email: twatteyne@linear.com Qin Wang Univ. of Sci. and Tech. Beijing 30 Xueyuan Road Beijing, Hebei 100083 China Phone: +86 (10) 6233 4781 Email: wangqin@ies.ustb.edu.cn Palattella, et al. Expires January 5, 2015 [Page 12]