Internet Engineering Task Force Internet-Draft B.Fastenrath Intended status: Experimental December 9, 2010 Expires: June 12, 2011 Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) for Internet Search Engines Abstract This document contains a specification for imprints, ethical policies and social contracts, the annotation of these, as well as the annotation of arbitrary content that can be referenced by fully qualified URIs, the submission of digitally signed tickets concerning imprints, ethical policies, social contracts or annotations, and a search interface for internet search engines. Status of this Memo This memo defines an experimental protocol for the Internet community. This memo does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Discussion and suggestions for improvement are requested. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet- Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." Comments are solicited and should be addressed to the project's wiki or mailing list at http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/esp. Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2010 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 01] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 Table of Contents 1. Introduction.....................................................5 1.1 Motivation......................................................5 1.2 Notational Conventions..........................................5 1.3 Reference Implementation........................................5 1.4 Overview........................................................6 1.5 Expected Use....................................................7 1.5.1 Ethical Communities...........................................7 1.5.2 Ethical Economies.............................................8 1.5.3 Search Engines................................................8 2. The ESP Specification............................................9 2.1 Documents.......................................................9 2.2 Requests and Responses..........................................9 2.3 Databases.......................................................9 2.4 XSD Header.....................................................10 3. Simple Types....................................................11 3.1 Identifier.....................................................11 3.2 Path...........................................................11 3.3 Prefix.........................................................11 3.4 PrefixedPath...................................................11 3.5 SynonymResolution..............................................12 3.6 Acronym........................................................12 3.7 Digits.........................................................13 3.8 Continent......................................................13 3.9 TradeZone......................................................13 3.10 CurrencyType..................................................13 3.11 CertificationRequirement......................................14 3.12 ExtImpCategory................................................14 3.13 PolicyMatchOperator...........................................15 3.14 PolicyClass...................................................15 3.15 Latitude......................................................15 3.16 Longitude.....................................................16 3.17 Revision......................................................16 3.18 SignatureType.................................................16 3.19 AdvertisementType.............................................17 3.20 OfferType.....................................................17 3.21 KeywordMatchType..............................................18 3.22 EntityType....................................................18 3.23 RegisterType..................................................19 3.24 LanguageList..................................................19 3.25 RegionCode....................................................20 3.26 LoCode........................................................20 3.27 AreaCode......................................................21 3.28 PageType......................................................21 3.29 PhoneType.....................................................21 3.30 EmailType.....................................................22 3.31 EmailAddress..................................................22 3.32 SecureHash....................................................22 3.33 Fingerprint...................................................23 3.34 CoordinateQuality.............................................23 3.35 Severity......................................................23 Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 02] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 4. Complex Types...................................................24 4.1 Meta...........................................................24 4.2 Link...........................................................24 4.3 Header.........................................................25 4.4 Message........................................................26 4.5 Currency.......................................................26 4.6 PhoneNumber....................................................26 4.7 WebPage........................................................27 4.8 Phone..........................................................27 4.9 Email..........................................................27 4.10 Text..........................................................28 4.11 Area..........................................................28 4.12 ServiceInformation............................................29 4.13 Coordinates...................................................29 4.14 Address.......................................................30 4.15 AddressPattern................................................31 4.16 MembershipOrganization........................................31 4.17 DateRange.....................................................31 4.18 TicketSystem..................................................32 4.19 Identity......................................................33 4.20 Contacts......................................................33 4.21 Register......................................................34 4.22 RegisterPattern...............................................35 4.23 Certification.................................................35 4.24 OrganizationalUnit............................................35 4.25 EntityPattern.................................................36 4.26 Entity........................................................37 4.27 AuthenticEntity...............................................38 4.28 PolicyMatchGroup..............................................38 4.29 PolicyReference...............................................39 4.30 PolicyGroup...................................................39 4.31 PolicyStatement...............................................40 4.32 Signature.....................................................41 4.33 Community.....................................................41 4.34 Filter........................................................42 4.35 NamespaceDocumentReference....................................42 4.36 ReferenceGroup................................................43 4.37 Reference.....................................................43 4.38 Category......................................................44 4.39 Hit...........................................................45 4.40 Match.........................................................46 4.41 CategorizedLink...............................................46 4.42 WebSearchParameters...........................................47 4.43 OrganizationSearchParameters..................................48 4.44 FormEditor....................................................49 4.45 Forum.........................................................49 4.46 AnnotationSpace...............................................50 4.47 Vote..........................................................50 4.48 MultilingualText..............................................51 4.49 Footnote......................................................52 4.50 Paragraph.....................................................53 4.51 Chapter.......................................................54 Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 03] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 5. Top Level Types.................................................55 5.1 TicketSearchRequest............................................55 5.2 CategoryNamespace..............................................56 5.3 SearchParameters...............................................57 5.4 SearchProfile..................................................58 5.5 SearchResult...................................................59 5.6 VotingScheme...................................................60 5.7 EvaluationScheme...............................................61 5.8 Advertisement..................................................62 5.9 Annotation.....................................................63 5.10 TicketList....................................................64 5.11 Ticket........................................................65 5.12 Receipt.......................................................67 5.13 RegionCodes...................................................68 5.14 Imprint.......................................................69 5.15 SocialContract................................................70 5.16 PolicyDocument................................................71 5.17 Esp...........................................................72 6. Security considerations.........................................73 7. IANA Considerations.............................................73 8. References......................................................73 8.1 Normative References...........................................73 8.2 Informative References.........................................74 Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 04] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 1. Introduction The Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) is an application-level protocol for the retrieval and search of web resources using HTTP [RFC2616] and XML 1.0 [W3C.REC-xml-20081126]. The protocol specifies the format of static objects, queries and responses as XML schemata [W3C.REC-xmlschema-0-20041028]. The specification of more compact alternative formats is beyond the scope of this memo. The specification of imprints, ethical policies and social contracts derived from ethical policies is the main purpose of the ESP protocol. The protocol allows to annotate these objects and to post tickets referring to these objects in standard formats. In addition annotations and tickets can refer to any other content that can be referenced by an URI (e.g. EAN-numbered products). 1.1 Motivation Many consumers are today surrounded by offers of unknown ethical quality. The verification of production standards is often impossible and where governmental or third party standards exist there is a strong tendency to undermine these standards by discount vendors and retailers. One problem is that consumers seldom get the chance to communicate ethical requirements because the proper communication channels do not exist and many producers prefer to measure consumer preferences with a one dimensional scale, the sales. The purpose of this memo is to offer a specification for that missing communication channel. 1.2 Notational Conventions The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119]. The "implementation" of a policy refers to the use of a policy in a social contract and the "extension" of a policy refers to creating a derivative policy from both another policy or from a policy scheme, which is a template for the structure of a policy. The more often used XSD schema keywords have been abbreviated. The abbreviations are CT for "xsd:ComplexType", ST for "xsd:simpleType", SEQ for "xsd:sequence", CHOICE for "xsd:choice", A for "xsd:attribute", E for "xsd:element", RESTRICTION for "xsd:restriction", PATTERN for "xsd:pattern", N for "name", T for "type", MIN for "minOccurs", and MAX for "maxOccurs". 1.3 Reference Implementation A reference implementation is being developed as Open Source and will be released under the GNU General Public License. The homepage of the project is http://esp.nongnu.org/. Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 05] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 1.4 Overview The protocol specified by this document tries to allow search engine supported search for ethical policies and requirements. As the ethical policies themselves will have to be written in human language and not in a computer language, and it seems desireable to keep it this way, possible requirements and policies need to be categorized and are made navigable as inheritance trees of derived policies or derived requirements. The ESP document types PolicyDocument, Imprint, and SocialContract are the core of specifying ethical policies and can be stored as signed documents on web servers of organizations that offer an ethical standard and want to advertise it according to this specification. A search engine crawler can gather these documents and construct a database that contains knowledge of all additional criteria the search parameter specification of ESP requires in addition to web site indices. This includes but is not limited to the trade register or association register numbers of entities, their digital signatures and their address and contact information. This set of information becomes known about any organization that advertises an ethical policy, a social contract, that certifies policies or contracts, that allows other organizations to extend their policies or policy schemes or that acts as a trade register, association register, or other registry. In the case of registries the digital signature or register number may not be available as ESP does not assume that such information have to be available about government operated registries. The protocol does not specify how these documents are gathered as the operation of web crawlers is sufficiently established. This specification includes the specification of search parameter types and response types, of annotation and ticket submission and reponse types, and of service and product namespace databases. Advertisable services are specified independently from this document as the services available in a given area may vary widely and depend on cultural and technological parameters that are beyond the scope of this document. Region codes used by ESP can be ISO 3166-2 codes, UN location codes, or native ESP region codes. The exclusive use of ISO 3166-2 was considered insufficient because ISO 3166-2 is not freely available. Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 06] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 1.5 Expected Use An organization that wants to be found by its social contract will have to write and publish a social contract in XML format. The social contract consists of a collection of policy references, each referring to a specific policy document. Each of the policies implemented and their individual levels of implementation can be independent search parameters in an ESP search profile. Policies written for public use can be made available to be used without further modifications in the social contracts of organizations that implement those policies (implementors). Implementors are otherwise free to write their own policies, extending policies or policy schemes that are available to be extended. Extending a policy may require certification by the policy author, authoring group, or third party certification agents. Organisations will usually be interested to cooperate with other organisations with similar or matching policies to make the common subset of their policies an extendable policy or policy scheme further down the inheritance tree, so that their policies can become more widely known and can be demanded by a broader audience. Government or non-government organisations that have recommendations for other organisations can offer their recommendations as extendable policies or policy schemes and advertise the existance of their policies to implementors and potential customers, in order to make a certain ethical policy interesting to implement for organizations which are open to ethical suggestions by third parties. 1.5.1 Ethical Communities Individual search engine users are expected to define their own search profiles and include whatever policies or policy scheme they deem necessary. An extension to this is the use of predefined ethics published by communities that try to uphold certain ethical standards. The ethical requirements of a community are effectively included into the search profile of an individual user by referring to a specific community. The community profile may either be applied ahead of any further requirements of the user or it may be used to define ethical requirements by name which can then be referred to by the same names in the search profil of the user. It is conceivable that the definition of search profiles and the verification of company policies could become an interesting addition to curricula for high schools. Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 07] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 1.5.2 Ethical Economies Closed economic systems or partially closed economic systems that adhere to common ethical policies can be modelled with ESP. Examples for this are regional economies using local currencies (e.g. WIR) or charge card systems that advocate ethical policies and require adherence to these policies by all points of acceptance. While both are possible without ESP the system might encourage adoption. 1.5.3 Search Engines Search engines are expected to gather information about ethical requirements from user profiles. This is an important information channel that delivers information about ethics that are requested by potential customers and customers. Users do not have to identify themselves when submitting search profiles so the identity of a search engine user is not necessarily attached to his or her search request. It is recommended to sign profiles, to give more emphasis to the ethical demands one tries to uphold. Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 08] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 2. The ESP Specification 2.1 Documents Static documents required by the ESP protocol are social contracts, policies, imprints, and annotations. Social contracts and policies should be named after their revision numbers. Imprints SHOULD be named imprint.xml and be placed in the top level directory of a web site they apply to. A policy document should either be placed in the top level directory of an organization that offers only a single type of policy or be placed in a directory corresponding to the policy in question. The name of the policy file should be it's revision number with four digits for the year, a dot and a single digit for the revision number within the given year. An annotation should be placed in an AnnotationSpace, which can be a web forum, NNTP server, or dedicated database. It is possible to publish an annotation by publishing an XML file that contains an Annotation type to any web site that is not a dedicated annotation space. A web crawler discovering an annotation that is not part of an annotation space should treat the annotation like any other annotation. The mime type of annotations SHOULD be "application/x-esp-annotation" and the extension SHOULD be ".ean" A crawler discovering an annotation outside a dedicated annotation space may not recognize it as an annotation if the mime type or extension are not as expected. 2.2 Requests and Responses The request types are SearchProfile, Ticket, and TicketSearchRequest. The reponses to these requests are SearchResult, Receipt, and TicketList. Requests and reponses SHOULD be transported as HTTP content but tickets MAY also be submitted by SMTP or NNTP. If a ticket system accepts posting by SMTP or NNTP the receipt MUST be sent to the originator of the ticket as specified by the ticket, even if the ticket does not request a reply or asks to avoid a reply, as the receipt should be processed automatically by the originator's system; a receipt is not considered a reply. Receipts can be identified by their mime type "application/x-esp-receipt" and can be filtered conveniently by the mail user agent of the recipient. Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 09] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 2.3 Databases The ESP specification knows two database types, ServiceNamespace and RegionCodes. The RegionCodes database is unique and defines the native region codes to be used by the ESP protocol. The CategoryNamespace is a database of category names. A CategoryNamespace can categorize services, product groups, policies, tickets, and other complex types in ESP whose categorization may be better kept outside the main specification to allow dynamic extensions by the user community. When something is categorized by a CategoryNamespace a reference to that namespace is usually found as an attribute of the element in question or of an enclosing element. The most common uses are Reference and ReferenceGroup. Examples for CategoryNamespaces that categorize products and services are the North American Product Classification System [NAPCS], the North American Industry Classification System [NAICS], the United Kingdom Standard Industrial Classification of Economic Activities [UKSIC], the International Standard Industrial Classification [ISIC] of the United Nations, and the Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community [NACE]. Every service offered by an organisation must lie inside a service category namespace but not all services must lie inside the same service category namespace. Search engines or information providers may translate between well known service category namespaces, if the same service description can be found in several namespaces. 2.4 XSD Header This is the header for the following XSD Schema. Together with all chunks of the XSD Schema found in this document the full XSD Schema for ESP can be extracted from this specification. This document was generated from the following source file: http://esp.nongnu.org/esp.xsd.gz Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 10] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 3. Simple Types 3.1 Identifier An identifier for implementation levels, labels, and signs. 3.2 Path A path of identifiers, separated by slashes. 3.3 Prefix A prefix for a path, usually a namespace selector. 3.4 PrefixedPath A path of identifiers separated by slashes with a prefix separated by a colon. Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 11] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 3.5 SynonymResolution Possible strategies for synonym resolution: "outgoing only" means synonyms can point into other namespaces but synonyms from other namespaces cannot point into this one. "listed namespaces only" means synonyms from other namespaces can point into this namespace only if they are referred to by this namespaces (with the element "synonym-ns" to CategoryNamespace) "intransitiv" means other namespaces can point into this namespace but the synonyms of entries of other namespaces are not automatically assumed to be synonyms to entries of this namespace. "no amalgamation" means other namespaces can point into this namespace as long as that does not lead to amalgamation of entries in this namespace. "unrestricted" means other namespaces can point into this namespace without restrictions. The result of synonym resolution for other namespaces is that a search for something categorized as B from namespace NS-B may be resolved to something categorized as A from namespace NS-A when A refers to B as a synonym and synonym resolution rules allow it to be resolved; searching for objects categorized as A will always find objects categorized as B, if A refers to B, because this outgoing reference is explicit and synonym resolution restrictions only apply to implicit (i.e. inverse or indirect) resolution. 3.6 Acronym A two or three letter acronym used for ISO 3166-1 country codes. Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 12] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 3.7 Digits A non-zero number of digits. 3.8 Continent A continent name. 3.9 TradeZone A trade zone. 3.10 CurrencyType A currency type. Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 13] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 3.11 CertificationRequirement The certification requirement level of different implementation levels of a policy can be "none", "available", or "required", which means no certification is available, certification is available and certification is required at the corresponding implementation level. 3.12 ExtImpCategory Possible extension or implementation categories are "free", "revocable", "on request", "certification available", "certification depends on implementation level", "certification required", and "private". "free" means the policy can be extended without pior consent. "revocable" indicates a policy may be freely extended or implemented but is revocable by the authoring group and, possibly, third parties. "on request" means the policy can only be properly implemented with the consent of the authoring group. A certification may not be required. "certification available" means a certification is possible but not required. "certification depends on implementation level" means that the policy has implementation levels that require certification. "certification required" means certification is generally required. "private" indicates policies that are not for public re-use. Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 14] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 3.13 PolicyMatchOperator The operator of a PolicyMatchGroup, either "all" (AND), or "one" (OR). This is equivalent to the common choice "with all of the words" or "with at least one of the words" in search engines' input masks but concerning policies here. 3.14 PolicyClass Possible policy categories are "policy scheme", "extendable policy", and "final policy". Policies can extend policy schemes and policies can extend other policies. Final policies cannot be extended. 3.15 Latitude The geographical latitude of a geographical coordinate (Lat. N + > 0, Lat. S - < 0). Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 15] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 3.16 Longitude The geographical longitude of a geographical coordinate (E + > 0, Long. W - < 0). 3.17 Revision A revision number of the form "(year).(revision)" 3.18 SignatureType The available signature types, currently only OpenPGP. Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 16] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 3.19 AdvertisementType The type of advertisement: "sale", "sharing pool", "service", "lodging", "auction", "short-term resale", "medium-term resale", and "long-term resale" "sale" indicates a first hand sale. "sharing pool" indicates a pool of objects available for lending. "service" indicates a service being advertised. "lodging" indicates the availability of a lodging opportunity. "auction" indicates an object will be auctioned. "short-term resale" indicates intend of resale within 1 month. "medium-term resale" indicates intend of resale within 6 month. "long-term resale" indicates intend of resale after 6 month. "long-term resale" may also be used to indicate that an object has been newly acquired with the intend to sell it before its expiration. 3.20 OfferType The offer can be "private", "commercial", or "community". "private" indicates an offer by an individual. "commercial" indicates an offer by a commercial entity. "community" indicates an offer inside a community that may not be available outside the community. Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 17] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 3.21 KeywordMatchType The types of keyword match operators are "all", "exact", "any", and "without". This is equivalent to the common choice "with all of the words" or "with at least one of the words" in search engines' input masks. see also: PolicyMatchOperator 3.22 EntityType A general classification for the type of organization, one of "coop", "NGO", "LLC", "company", "association", "government agency", "statutory corporation", "working committee", "individual", or "other". Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 18] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 3.23 RegisterType A classification for the type of trade register or association register, one of "gov. trade register", "gov. association register", "private registrar", "NGO registry", "chamber of commerce", "chamber of crafts", "tax and revenue office", "membership register", "social security", "health insurance", and "passport registration office" The last three are only applicable for individuals. 3.24 LanguageList A list of 2 or 3 letter ISO 639 language codes, e.g.: "br,en,ban,fr,ja,nl,pt,sa,zh" (see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_639) Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 19] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 3.25 RegionCode An ISO 3166-2 region code, an ESP native region code or an UN location code. The ISO 3166-2 region code cannot be recommended here, as it is not freely available. An UN location code may be used to specify a location within a region as a reference to that region. [UN/LOCODE-2010-1] Specifying an ISO 3166-2 code requires the prefix "iso:", so an actual code would be "iso:us-ca". An UN location code requires the prefix "locode:", so an actual code would be "locode:de-cgn". A list of valid ESP native region codes is available at http://esp.nongnu.org/xml/regions.xml.txt.gz There is no prefix required, e.g.: "de-nrw", "lu-*", or "us-ca". The reason for the presence of region codes in this specification is that the use of mandatory region codes makes address information more redundant and region codes allow more fine grained regional searches than the use of country codes. 3.26 LoCode An UN location code [UN/LOCODE-2010-1] may be used to specify a location or the closest location that does have an UN location code. Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 20] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 3.27 AreaCode A telephone area code in the format +-. Phone numbers within an element that contains an area code attribute may omit the area code, otherwise every phone number has to include an areaCode attribute. This is always required for mobile phones, 0800 numbers and other numbers that do not have an area code prefix. 3.28 PageType A general classification for a web page: "homepage", "sitemap", "press releases", "history/profile" "rss news feed", "information retrieval", "imprint", "forum", or "3rd party information" This could become a CategoryNamespace in future. 3.29 PhoneType A general classification for a phone number: "reception", "office", "hotline", "service", "mobile", "fax", "private", or "other". Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 21] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 3.30 EmailType A general classification for an email address: "general", "customer service", "webmaster", "press contact", "legal department", "complaint", "office", "editorial department", "private", or "other". This could become a CategoryNamespace in future. 3.31 EmailAddress A restricted type that matches only email addresses. 3.32 SecureHash A base64 encoded secure hash code. Currently only SHA1 is allowed. This is not security relevant, it is supposed to promote immutability of policies. A policy should be considered immutable once published and a successor should receive a different name. Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 22] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 3.33 Fingerprint An OpenPGP fingerprint. 3.34 CoordinateQuality The quality of a geographic coordinate, either one of "exact", "block", "house number approximation", "street", "postal code", "district", "city", "region", "country", or "+-10^[1-9]m". 3.35 Severity A severity rating for a problem or incident: "critical", "severe", "serious", "noteworthy", "intermediate", "harmless", or "insignificant". A similar rating scheme for product quality has been omitted because it is to weak to be of any use as a product rating. The problem to be solved lacks generally accepted units of measurement and is not one-dimensional. The type EvaluationScheme addresses the problem instead. Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 23] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 4. Complex Types 4.1 Meta A source element for HTML meta data. The meta data can be inserted into statically and dynamically generated HTML pages generated from a document based on this schema. 4.2 Link A source element for HTML meta data. Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 24] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 4.3 Header A header for document meta data and categorization. Categories can be transformed to HTML meta data but the preferred format to specify categories in ESP is to use the "categories" element. Categories encountered in the "meta" attributes SHOULD be ignored and be replaced with properly specified categories. The following meta tag names are recommended: "author", "description", and "keywords" The following tags SHOULD be generated: "expires", "rfcNNNN.cat" Categories SHOULD be converted to HTML meta data by converting namespaces to LINK tags and category references to meta tags: This may be modified for Dublin Core compatibility in future. The namespaces used for meta tags SHOULD be categorized as either "information/content" or "information/meta", according to the category namespace "http://esp.nongnu.org/ns/category/2005.1". Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 25] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 4.4 Message A complex type that can contain plain text, HTML formatted text or elements following another XSD schema, that is outside the scope of this document to define. The "schema" attribute MUST refer to an XSD schema if the content of the message is in XML format. The targetNamespace of the schema referred to by the "schema" attribute may be useful to select applicable xslt stylesheets from the local system or user preferences. The "xsltStyleSheet" attribute MAY refer to a recommended stylesheet that can be used to format the content of the message to HTML. The "mimeType" attribute MUST specify the mime type of the content. 4.5 Currency A type of currency that is accepted. The "url" attribute may refer to the web page of a community currency, timebank, LET, barter exchange or other medium of exchange. 4.6 PhoneNumber A telephone number with a separate area code or an internet telephone contact. Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 26] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 4.7 WebPage A web page with name, url and type. 4.8 Phone A phone contact with type, name, number and an email address to negotiate calls or to avoid calls to this number. 4.9 Email An email address with type, name and the actual email address. Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 27] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 4.10 Text A reference to translations of the containing document. The URL of a translation is the concatenation of the "baseUrl" attribute and a language code mentioned by the "translations" list. 4.11 Area An area can be described as a polygon of coordinates (specified by "point" elements) or it can be described by "region", "country", "continent", or "tradeZone" elements. The "radius" attribute specifies the radius in kilometers around given points that is part of the area, with the perimeters between points shifted outwards by the radius, as a tangent line. Specifying both points and regions (or countries) restricts the area described as a polygon to the given regions (or countries). Specifying either "continent" or "tradeZone" makes the area exactly the area of the specified continent(s) and trade zone(s). Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 28] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 4.12 ServiceInformation A set of service information. The "area" element describes the area of service. The "group" element describes the services offered. The ReferenceGroup MUST refer to category namespaces of type "offering/service", according to category namespace "http://esp.nongnu.org/ns/category/2005.1". 4.13 Coordinates Geographic coordinates. Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 29] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 4.14 Address An address with optional contact information and coordinates. The element "supplement" can be used to specify any type of the address that does not fit the standardized fields. The "since" attribute can be used to specify since when the address is valid or when it will become valid. The "until" attribute can be used to specify when the address becomes invalid or when it has become invalid. Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 30] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 4.15 AddressPattern An address pattern. All attributes and elements that are present correspond to attributes and elements of the same name in the Address type but no attribute or element is mandatory. 4.16 MembershipOrganization A membership organisation. 4.17 DateRange A range of dates. Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 31] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 4.18 TicketSystem A ticket submission interface. The URL given as the "url" attribute to the "ticket" element MUST react to HTTP GET requests by delivering human readable content and MUST be able to receive HTTP POST requests that deliver a properly XML formatted Ticket and MUST respond with an XML formatted Receipt. If more than one "login" element is given all ticket URLs MUST be able to accept any choice of login. The URL given as the "view" attribute MUST react to HTTP GET requests by delivering human readable content and MUST be able to receive HTTP POST requests that deliver an XML formatted TicketSearchRequest and respond with an XML formatted TicketList. If ticket systems share logins a single identity provider can allow to log in to all sites using the same provider. This is only intended to prevent abuse of the ticket system, not necessarily to be very secure. Ticket submission may also require a prior login at the url given as the identityProvider attribute of the login element. A login may require the use of HTTP cookies. A ticket system may offer NNTP access by specifying an additional "nntp" attribute. The "type" attribute MUST be a reference to a CategoryNamespace of type "ticket/type", according to the category namespace "http://esp.nongnu.org/ns/category/2005.1". If posting to the ticket system requires a special editor to fill in the required elements of an XSD schema conveniently the "editor" attribute MUST refer to this editor. Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 32] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 4.19 Identity A digital identity. Currently the only type of identity supported is an OpenPGP fingerprint. 4.20 Contacts Contacts grouped by region. To specify contacts in more than one region one Contacts element per region or area must be specified. The "name" attribute of the OrganizationalUnit describes the name of a group of contacts, e.g. a regional office or other organizational unit. Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 33] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 4.21 Register A register, e.g. a trade register. Individuals may specify the registry type "passport registration office" and use their passport number as the registration number. In some numbering schemes unique registrar numbers are assigned to different registrars working with a common numbering scheme. This number can be specified as the "registrarIdentityNumber" attribute. Sometimes registry numbers include a registry identity number; this number SHOULD be dublicated as the "registrarIdentityNumber" attribute, without removing it from the number attribute. The registrar identity number is usually assigned by a government agency or working group, which should be specified as a superior registrar to a registrar. The "search" attribute, if present, MUST contain a URL that accepts HTTP POST requests containing SearchParameters and responds with SearchResults. The scope of the search may be limited to entities registered with that registry. Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 34] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 4.22 RegisterPattern A search pattern for a register, e.g. a trade register. 4.23 Certification A certification URL. The URL is expected to refer to a human readable web page or an XML formatted annotation of the type "certificate". 4.24 OrganizationalUnit An organizational unit. OrganizationalUnits may form hierarchies with the innermost OrganizationalUnit being the organizational unit referred to, e.g.: ( abbr=UN ( ou=ECOSOC ( ou=UNESCO ))). The "ou" attribute specifies an abbreviation for each OrganizationalUnit. Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 35] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 4.25 EntityPattern An organizational entity search pattern. All attributes and elements that are present correspond to attributes and elements of the same name in the Entity and AuthenticEntity types but no attribute or element is mandatory. If no representing organization exists an individual can publish an imprint with the register type "passport registration office". Further register types for individuals may be added as required. Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 36] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 4.26 Entity An organizational entity with a name, address, any number of service namespaces and certifications. This entity may not have an identity or register number, for example if the entity is a trade register that does not have a register number itself. The "since" attribute and the "birthday" attribute are synonyms. The "imprint" attribute, if present, MUST refer to an imprint following the ESP scheme. Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 37] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 4.27 AuthenticEntity An organizational entity with a name, address, register number, any number of service namespaces, and certifications. This entity MUST have a register number and an identity. The "since" attribute and the "birthday" attribute are synonyms. The "imprint" attribute MUST refer to an imprint following the ESP scheme. 4.28 PolicyMatchGroup A PolicyMatchGroup is a collection of PolicyReferences and further PolicyMatchGroups. Every group can require that all its elements match ("all") or that one of its elements matches ("one"). A group that has a name can be referred to in further groups only by that name, omitting the operator, policies and groups. PolicyMatchGroups specified in a community's SearchProfile may be used by name in a personal SearchProfile, as the Community SearchProfiles referred to are effectively included at the beginning of the personal search profile. This allows a community to specify search criteria for users of the community's profile without making them requirements for all members of the community. Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 38] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 4.29 PolicyReference A PolicyReference is a reference to a policy, given by the "url" attribute. The content of the URL MUST be a PolicyDocument. The "level" attribute is an implementation level of the PolicyDocument the URL refers to. Specifying a URL that does not refer to a PolicyDocument or a level that is not an implementation level of that PolicyDocument is an error. The "info" and "comment" elements allow to annotate a reference to a policy. The "type" attribute MUST be a reference into a CategoryNamespace, which should be the default namespace for policy categories. The namespace MUST be categorized as "policy/type" according to the category namespace "http://esp.nongnu.org/ns/category/2005.1". 4.30 PolicyGroup A policy group is a collection of policy statements that have a common topic. The grouping allows to display policies as directory trees and serves only the purpose of navigation by the end user. Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 39] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 4.31 PolicyStatement A policy statement is a reference to a policy, given by the "url" attribute. The content of the URL MUST be a PolicyDocument. The "level" attribute is an implementation level of the PolicyDocument the URL refers to. Specifying a URL that does not refer to a PolicyDocument or a level that is not an implementation level of that PolicyDocument is an error. The "Certification" element, if present, refers to a certificate that documents adherance to the specified policy. The "type" attribute of a policy statement together with the "type" attribute of the enclosing policy group must match the type of the policy it refers to. This is redundant and allows to verify the type safety and integrity of the reference. The "info" and "comment" elements allow to annotate a reference to a policy. The "type" attribute MUST be a reference into a CategoryNamespace, which should be the default namespace for policy categories. The namespace MUST be categorized as "policy/type" according to the category namespace "http://esp.nongnu.org/ns/category/2005.1". Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 40] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 4.32 Signature A digital signature. The type of signature MUST be OpenPGP. The signature signs the previous non-signature XML element, starting with the opening angular bracket and ending with the closing angular bracket. 4.33 Community An online or offline community that may recommend certain ethical standards. The "profile" element refers to a search profile specifying ethical requirements of the community. A community may have more than one profile. "profile" elements in a Community may refer to further profiles offered by a community. These profiles are for informational purposes only and are not applied unless referred to by a SearchProfile. The "categories" element, if present, specifies a categorization for the community. The default namespace with the empty prefix (":") refers to "http://esp.nongnu.org/ns/community/2005.1". The ReferenceGroup MUST refer to category namespaces of type "community", according to category namespace "http://esp.nongnu.org/ns/category/2005.1". Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 41] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 4.34 Filter Filters can be applied by the search engine or by the user application to reduce search results. Filtering continues until the search result is reduced below the number of desired maximum matches. Filtering is terminated with the result of the last filter processed as the end result when less than the desired number of minimum matches remains. 4.35 NamespaceDocumentReference A reference to a namespace document. The "prefix" attribute is a prefix to be assigned to the namespace referenced by the "url" attribute. A prefix of length zero is valid and allows a path, that is abbreviated with this prefix, to begin with a colon. The "name" attribute is an arbitrary name that may explain the purpose or context in which the namespace is referred to. Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 42] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 4.36 ReferenceGroup A group of references into a namespace. The "ns" element is a URL to a namespace document (containing a CategoryNamespace) and the "path" attribute of the "ref" element is a prefixed path within a document, each Identifier corresponding to a product group, service group or other directory entry. The optional "url" attribute may be used when the context requires a reference to further information, e.g. a reference to a human readable web page inside the ServiceInformation type, further describing a service offered. The "name" attribute is an arbitrary name that may explain the purpose or context in which the group is used. 4.37 Reference A reference into a namespace. The "ns" attribute is a URL to a namespace document (containing a CategoryNamespace) and the "ref" attribute is a slash separated path of Identifiers within that document, each Identifier corresponding to a product group, service group or other directory entry. Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 43] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 4.38 Category A category is an element of a CategoryNamespace that can be referred to by a PrefixedPath. The namespace prefix is separated with a colon (":") and category labels use the slash ("/") as the separator character. Path examples could be "ns0:craft/carpentry" for a service category or "ns1:power source/solar power/solar cells" for a product category. The "label" attribute specifies the label of the category which forms a path together with the labels of enclosing categories. The "url" attribute may point to a more elaborate description of the category. The "redirect" attribute in connection with a "deprecated" attribute means the category has been moved or replaced by another category. The "redirect" attribute alone means the category is intended as a reference to another category. The "include" element refers to another CategoryNamespace of the same type that is included as a subtree under the Category the include appears in. The "synonym" references refer to categories in other namespaces, specified by the "synonym-ns" element of the enclosing CategoryNamespace. Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 44] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 4.39 Hit A matching URL. The quality is a relative rating that can be defined by the search engine operator. The links attribute contains the number of pages that link to this page. The "about" attribute contains the number of pages that are about this page, referring to it with a (link rel="about" href="URL") tag in the HTML header. Search engines may evaluate the meta tag "about/digest/sha1" (from http://www.nongnu.org/esp/ns/meta/2005.1) and expire links that no longer refer to the original content. The annotations attribute gives the number of annotations for this URL. Annotations in this context are only XML formatted objects that follow this XSD Schema and contain an Annotation type. Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 45] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 4.40 Match A match contains the matching entity and a service description. Service types are contained in service type namespaces, which are to be specified by service type namespace providers, e.g. a chamber of commerce or a yellow pages service. The Match may also contain any number of URLs that match further search criteria, as for instance textual search criteria and service description criteria. 4.41 CategorizedLink A search description for a categorized piece of information or offering. The "uri" attribute contains the URL of a web page that a link or annotation refers to. The "productGroup", "serviceType", or "lodgingCategory" attributes indicate that a matching object must be an Avertisement of corresponding type, in which case the "uri" attribute is ignored. The "categories" element specifies required categories of the objects to be found. The "scheme" attribute restricts results to Annotations or Advertisements referring to the given VotingScheme or EvaluationScheme. Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 46] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 4.42 WebSearchParameters A collection of common web search parameters. All elements that are specified add cumulative restrictions. The search for meta tags is supposed to allow searching for information categories from namespaces of type "information/content" and "information/meta", and searching for pages that specify or (e.g. for http://creativecommons.org/) The elements linksTo and annotates allows to search for pages that link conventionally to the given URL or that annotate the given URL with an ESP Annotation. The element advertisement allows to search for Advertisements. Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 47] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 4.43 OrganizationSearchParameters A collection of common organization and service search parameters. All elements that are specified add cumulative restrictions. From each "service" element specified at least one service must match a service offered by an entity in the search result. The "services" ReferenceGroup MUST refer to category namespaces of type "offering/service", according to category namespace "http://esp.nongnu.org/ns/category/2005.1". Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 48] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 4.44 FormEditor If posting to a Forum or AnnotationSpace requires a special editor to fill in the required elements of an XSD schema conveniently this type MUST refer to an editor implemented as a Java Applet, Java WebStart or similar web application. The editor may interact with services exposed by the web browser, as, for example, the NNTP reader and NNTP posting. Specifying the interface for service exposure is beyond the scope of this document. 4.45 Forum An internet forum. A forum may share an NNTP server with a TicketSystem and/or AnnotationSpace. A suggested hierarchy for the NNTP server is "(lang.)(name.)ticket.*", "(lang.)(name.)forum.*" and "(lang.)(name.)annotations.*". The "url" attribute refers to a web page that allows to access the forum as a web forum. If posting to the forum requires a special editor to fill in the required elements of an XSD schema conveniently the "editor" attribute MUST refer to this editor. Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 49] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 4.46 AnnotationSpace A storage space for Annotations. Annotations can be stored as web pages on a web server, as NNTP messages in an NNTP server or in a dedicated database. The "url" attribute specifies a login web page for visitors of the annotation space. The "nntp" attribute specifies an NNTP server, if available. The "index" attribute specifies an index suitable for search engine crawlers, e.g. a web page of daily indices containing new additions. If posting to the annotationSpace requires a special editor to fill in the required elements of an XSD schema conveniently the "editor" attribute MUST refer to this editor. An AnnotationSpace should be able to store Advertisements. 4.47 Vote A single vote. Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 50] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 4.48 MultilingualText A multilingual text with common ISO 639 language codes as attributes, each attribute refering to the translation of its language. An exception is the "trs" code for pinyin transcription of chinese text or other transcriptions. Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 51] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 4.49 Footnote A footnote for text contained in a paragraph. "abbr" is the abbreviated literature reference, e.g. "LIT-172". "url" is a reference to an online version of the paper, if available. "title" is the title of the paper. "publisher" is the name of the publisher. "published" is the publishing date. "author" is a comma separated list of the authors. "urn" is a urn for the paper, if available, e.g. "urn:isbn:0123456789" for ISBN numbers. "page" is the page number of the reference in the printed version. Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 52] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 4.50 Paragraph The "level" attribute refers to the implementation level(s) that require(s) adherance to this paragraph. The "label" attribute is to be reproduced as an HTML label in HTML formatted versions of the enclosing document. If the "title" attribute is omitted the label can be used as a title. The "type" attribute, if present, refers to a categorization of the content of the paragraph, e.g.: ":liabilities/legal measures/dissuasion/authorized parties". Further categorizations can be added with "category" elements, but should be considered secondary to the "type" categorization. The default namespace with the empty prefix (":") refers to "http://esp.nongnu.org/ns/policy_structure/2005.1". A paragraph with the "final" attribute set to true may not be modified in policies extending this policy. Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 53] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 4.51 Chapter The "level" attribute refers to the implementation level(s) that require(s) adherance to this paragraph. The "label" attribute is to be reproduced as an HTML label in HTML formatted versions of the enclosing document. The "type" attribute refers to a categorization of the content of the chapter, e.g.: ":liabilities/legal measures/dissuasion/authorized parties". Further categorizations can be added with "category" elements, but should be considered secondary to the "type" categorization. The default namespace with the empty prefix (":") refers to "http://esp.nongnu.org/ns/policy_structure/2005.1". Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 54] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 5. Top Level Types 5.1 TicketSearchRequest A ticket search request that may be sent with a HTTP POST request to the URL given as the "view" attribute of a ticket system. All elements that may be specified more than once match a ticket if one of the specified values matches a given ticket. The "refersTo" element is a list of URIs to be matched against the "uri" elements in a Ticket. Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 55] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 5.2 CategoryNamespace A namespace document specifying categories. A namespace provider can be an open service, like dmoz.org, or any other entity that maintains a list of categories. In the case of product group categories these might for instance be standardization organizations or consumer protection groups. In the case of service categories these might be yellow pages services, chambers of commerce or trade registers. The last part of the URL of a CategoryNamespace document should be it's revision number. The revision number of a category namespace should be changed when structure is removed from the namespace. The revision number of a category namespace does not have to be changed when structure is added to the namespaces, this includes "deprecated" and "redirect" attributes of categories. The reason for this is that removing structure can invalidate references into the namespace while adding structure cannot. When structure is removed it is beneficial that older references keep referring to the old structure. The "include" element refers to another CategoryNamespace of the same type that is included as a subtree under the root. The "synonym-ns" elements refer to other namespaces that are used to define synonyms for categories (see Category). Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 56] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 5.3 SearchParameters A set of standard search parameters. The "result" and "restrictions" attributes can specify constraints, like the mininum and maximum numbers of hits and the regions, countries, languages, and sites to be considered. A request to store the result for future retrieval can be specified with the "keepResultUntil" attribute. If a "destination" attribute is specified either the "searchRadius" attribute MUST be present and specify the search radius in kilometers or the "serviceArea" attribute MUST indicate that only services with a defined service area that contains the destination should be returned. It is allowed to specify both attributes, in which case the searchRadius is a filter for the maximum distance between the service's point of origin and the destination. Specifying web search parameters and organization search parameters restricts the search to web pages of organizations that match the given organization search parameters while organization search parameters alone only cause the explicitly listed web sites of those organizations to be returned (one per organization). The "profile" element allows to specify a search profile. Any search profile retrieved from a URL MAY be cached by the search engine for as long as HTTP expiration rules indicate. The "modified" attribute can be used to indicate that a profile may have been modified within that period. Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 57] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 5.4 SearchProfile A profile that can be specified as an additional search criterion for search engines that support search based on ESP. The search profile can also refer to policy schemes instead of policies, in which case all derived policies will be matched. The "include" element allows to include any number of further profiles into the specified profile. The included profiles MUST be retrieved and SHOULD be cached by a search engine. The "url" of a profile should specify the original URL of the profile, if the profile is publicly available. The "apply" attribute decides wether the criteria specified in the search profile are actually applied or only evaluated to define named PolicyMatchGroups that can be reused by other search profiles. The mime type for ESP profiles is application/x-esp-profile. Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 58] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 5.5 SearchResult The standard result format for search based on ESP. The number of results is the total number of matches for the given criteria and community, no filters applied. The result may be stored for retrieval by third parties under the URL specified by the attribute "url" and until the date given in the "until" attribute. When an error attribute is present an error occured and the error attribute specifies the error in detail. The "ns" element is used to abbreviate service names in the following match elements. Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 59] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 5.6 VotingScheme A voting scheme is a list of votes and possible choices for each vote. If an "until" attribute is given a voting is considered closed at the given date and time. The "info" and "results" pages can refer to human readable web pages. If the URL of a voting scheme is changed this creates a new voting. Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 60] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 5.7 EvaluationScheme The type evaluation scheme has the same elements and attributes as the type VotingScheme but some attributes have been removed. The different purposes made it seem likely that future additions would further separate both types. The "expire" attribute has been removed from VotingScheme. An evaluation scheme remains valid until its expiration date, given by the "expire" attribute. Annotations referring to an evaluation scheme must expire before the evaluation scheme or expire on the same day as the evaluation scheme. Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 61] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 5.8 Advertisement The mime type for ESP advertisements is application/x-esp-advertisement. The "evaluationScheme" attribute, if given, refers to an EvaluationScheme suitable for product evaluation. Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 62] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 5.9 Annotation The "url" attribute is the URL of the annotation. An annotation that has already been posted to another annotation space should be posted with the URL of its initial posting, an annotation that has not yet been posted MUST be posted without a "url" attribute. The "uri" element is a list of URIs of what is annotated, which may be annotations again. The format of the message is outside the scope of this document but XSD schemata for product reviews or other specific annotations are likely to be or become available. The "uri" element(s) contain(s) a group of URLs and/or URNs. An annotation or ticket may contain both URLs and URNs if, for example, a product or product group has one or more product description pages of the vendor and/or one or more URN references (e.g. "URN:EAN:(ean number)"). If the annotation type is "vote" an annotation MUST contain votes according to the voting scheme given by the "scheme" attribute, otherwise it MAY have an EvaluationScheme. A product review, for instance, may evaluate a product according to an evaluation scheme. Product reviews MUST have a "productGroup" element and it MUST be a reference into a category namespace of type "offering/product", according to category namespace "http://esp.nongnu.org/ns/category/2005.1". The "type" element is a reference into a category namespace of type "annotation", according to the same category namespace. The mime type for ESP annotations is application/x-esp-annotation. Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 63] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 5.10 TicketList A list of tickets. The tickets in a list SHOULD NOT contain message bodies but all other attributes and elements may be supplied. Tickets in a TicketList MUST contain the attributes "ourSign", "url" "sent", "type", "status", "severity", and "subject". When an error attribute is present an error occured and the error attribute specifies the error in detail. Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 64] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 5.11 Ticket A standard ticket format that can be submitted to all ticket queues specified in ESP based imprints. The advantage of posting a ticket over sending an email is that the ticket is digitally signed, a receipt is returned for the ticket and the ticket format allows to add ESP related information in their corresponding xml representation in a way that will be human readable for the recipient of the ticket and can be used for further automatic processing at the same time. The format of the message is outside the scope of this document but the specification of XSD schemata for specific messages seems reasonable. The attribute "annotation" is to be used if the ticket refers to an annotation. The "url" attribute is the URL of the ticket, this is decided by the receiving ticket system and MUST NOT be specified when submitting a ticket. The sent and status attributes SHOULD be decided by the receiving ticket system. A history may be specified when submitting tickets to indicate that a ticket has already passed another ticket system. A ticket that has been externally forwarded and has the status "ext. forwarded" or "reply pending" MUST contain a "forwarded" URL, pointing to the instance of the ticket in the destination ticket system. A ticket that is being forwarded to another ticket system and changed to state "reply pending" MUST contain a "reply" element with the "pleaseReply" attribute set to "true" and the "url" attribute set to a URL of the transfering ticket system where the ticket can be posted to with a HTTP POST request and will be recognized as the returning ticket. The "avoidReply", if set to true, is the request to avoid a reply, if possible. The "uri" element(s) contain(s) a group of URLs and/or URNs. An annotation or ticket may contain both URLs and URNs if, for example, a product or product group has one or more product description pages of the vendor and one or more URN references (e.g. "URN:EAN:(ean number)"). The "ourSign" and "yourSign" attributes of a ticket MUST always be relative to the sender and receiver of a ticket. A ticket that has been externally forwarded will consequently need more than one "yourSign" attribute in the internal data structure of a ticket system. The "status" attribute MUST be a reference into a category namespace of type "ticket/status" and the "type" attribute MUST be a reference into a category namespace of type "ticket/type", according to the category namespace "http://esp.nongnu.org/ns/category/2005.1". The mime type for ESP tickets is application/x-esp-ticket. Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 65] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 66] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 5.12 Receipt A receipt is a standard reply for a submitted ticket. A receipt is usually returned as a reply to the HTTP request that created a ticket. If a ticket is submitted by email an automatic reply to that ticket may also contain a receipt. The URL is the URL of the open ticket in the ticket system the ticket was submitted to. When an error attribute is present the ticket was not created and the error attribute specifies the error in detail. The mime type for ESP receipts is application/x-esp-receipt. Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 67] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 5.13 RegionCodes A database of country and region codes including names and codes. Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 68] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 5.14 Imprint An imprint is a description of a legal person that operates a web site or offers any other kind of service and has a trade or association register number or a similar unique reference number from a well known registry. A PGP fingerprint to uniquely identify an entity is also required. The standard file name of an imprint SHOULD be "imprint.xml" and it SHOULD be placed in the top level directory of a web site, e.g. http://website.example/imprint.xml. The "previous" attribute SHOULD be used to refer to the previous version of the imprint, if one exists. This will allow search engines to recognize changes in imprints that might otherwise be seen as a change of ownership of a web site. The "socialContract" attribute SHOULD be used to refer to the social contract of the organization the imprint refers to. Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 69] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 5.15 SocialContract A social contract is a document that specifies the services offered by an entity and the policies it claims to adhere to. The social contract may also list membership organisations that the entity is a member of. The standard file name of a social contract SHOULD be it's revision number and it SHOULD be placed in a directory named "socialcontract". e.g. http://website.example/socialcontract/2005.1 Once a social contract is published it SHOULD be considered immutable. A significantly modified version MUST be published under a different revision number. Search engines SHOULD enforce this policy by not accepting changes to the policies a social contract implements once it has been published with the signature of the organisation it refers to and instead to annotate the contract with a warning and/or send a ticket to the publisher. This is recommended as a possible compliance test for search engines. The "policyNamespace" element, if present, specifies one or more namespaces that are used for policy categorization inside PolicyStatements. Policies are categorized by their authors, the category references in a social contract have to conform with that categorization. The default namespace with the empty prefix (":") refers to "http://esp.nongnu.org/ns/policy_category/2005.1". The "previous" attribute SHOULD be used to refer to the previous version of a social contract. Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 70] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 5.16 PolicyDocument The implementation elements contain a collection of possible levels of implementations. The "chapter" elements contain the actual policy in human readable text. The "type" element is a reference into a CategoryNamespace of type "policy/type", according to the category namespace "http://esp.nongnu.org/ns/category/2005.1". The "issues" element contains a reference to a ticket system, which may require a prior login. The name of a policy document should be its revision number, e.g. "2005.1". Once a policy document is published it SHOULD be considered immutable. A policy document SHALL NOT be accepted without a valid signature from an entity that has published an imprint. Translations of policy documents SHOULD carry the language code as a suffix, e.g. "2005.1-fr". Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 71] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 5.17 Esp Imprints, PolicyDocuments, SocialContracts, Tickets, and Namespaces MUST be signed. If a document is unsigned or the key of the signature for a document is not the key of or signed by the entity given as the originator of a document the authenticity of the document MUST be considered unknown and it should be treated as if it was unsigned. Consequently keys that are used to represent organizations should only be used to sign keys of members of these organisations that may act as representatives. Enclosing an ESP element inside an ESP element allows to add further signatures and timestamps that confirm the validity of earlier signatures and timestamps, which may have become invalid or insecure. Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 72] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 6. Security considerations The specification relies on the security of OpenPGP [RFC4880] but has no security issues on its own. 7. IANA Considerations This document has no actions for IANA. 8. References 8.1 Normative References [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Level", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. [RFC4880] J. Callas, L. Donnerhacke, H. Finney, D. Shaw, R. Thayer, "OpenPGP Message Format", RFC 4880, November 2007 [RFC3406] L. Daigle, D. van Gulik, R. Iannella, P. Faltstrom "URN Namespace Definition Mechanisms", BCP 66, October 2002 [RFC2616] Fielding, R., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Frystyk, H., Masinter, L., Leach, P. and T. Berners-Lee, "Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1", RFC 2616, June 1999. [W3C.REC-xml-20081126] Yergeau, F., Paoli, J., Sperberg-McQueen, C., Bray, T. and E. Maler, "Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Fifth Edition)", November 2008, http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-xml-20081126/ [W3C.REC-xmlschema-0-20041028] David C. Fallside, Priscilla Walmsley, "XML Schema Part 0: Primer Second Edition", October 2004, http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xmlschema-0-20041028/ [UN/LOCODE-2010-1] UN Economic Commission for Europe, Information Service "United Nations Code for Trade and Transport Locations" http://www.unece.org/cefact/locode/ Fastenrath draft-fastenrath-ethics-search-protocol-00 [Page 73] INTERNET-DRAFT Ethics Search Protocol (ESP) December 2010 8.2 Informative References [ISIC] UN International Standard Industrial Classification Rev. 4 http://unstats.un.org/unsd/cr/registry/isic-4.asp [NACE] Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community, Rev. 2 http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ramon/ [NAICS] North American Industry Classification System, Rev. 2007 http://www.census.gov/epcd/naics07/ [NAPCS] North American Product Classification System, Rev. 2009 http://www.census.gov/eos/www/napcs/napcs.htm [UKSIC] UK Standard Industrial Classification of Economic Activities 2007 (version: January 2010) http://www.statistics.gov.uk/statbase/Product.asp?vlnk=14012 [WZ2003] Klassifikation der Wirtschaftszweige, Ausgabe 2008 http://www.statistik-portal.de/Statistik-Portal/de_klassiWZ08.asp Author's Address Bernhard Fastenrath Laurenz-Kiesgen-Str.35 51105 Koeln Germany Email: Bernhard.Fastenrath@gmail.com Web: http://savannah.gnu.org/users/fasten Fastenrath Expires: June 12, 2011 [Page 74]