Network Working Group                                         V. Cakulev
Internet-Draft                                            Alcatel Lucent
Intended status: Standards Track                                 A. Lior
Expires: June 25, 2010                               Bridgewater Systems
                                                       December 22, 2009


    Diameter IKEv2: Support for Interaction between IKEv2 Server and
                            Diameter Server
                draft-cakulev-ikev2-psk-diameter-01.txt

Abstract

   Internet Key Exchange is a component of IPsec used for performing
   mutual authentication as well as establishing and maintaining
   security associations (SAs) between two parties such as a user and a
   network entity.  Internet Key Exchange v2 (IKEv2) protocol allows
   several different mechanisms for authenticating a user, namely the
   Extensible Authentication Protocol, certificates, and pre-shared
   secrets.  To authenticate and/or authorize the user, the network
   element such as the Access Gateway may need to dynamically bootstrap
   a security association based on interaction with the Diameter server.
   This document specifies the interaction between the Access Gateway
   and Diameter server for the IKEv2 based on pre-shared secrets.

Status of this Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted to IETF in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
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   This Internet-Draft will expire on June 25, 2010.




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Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2009 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
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   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
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   described in the BSD License.

   This document may contain material from IETF Documents or IETF
   Contributions published or made publicly available before November
   10, 2008.  The person(s) controlling the copyright in some of this
   material may not have granted the IETF Trust the right to allow
   modifications of such material outside the IETF Standards Process.
   Without obtaining an adequate license from the person(s) controlling
   the copyright in such materials, this document may not be modified
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   not be created outside the IETF Standards Process, except to format
   it for publication as an RFC or to translate it into languages other
   than English.

























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Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
   2.  Requirements notation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5
   3.  Application Identifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
   4.  Protocol Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
     4.1.  Support for IKEv2 and Pre-Shared Secrets . . . . . . . . .  7
     4.2.  Session Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
       4.2.1.  Session-Termination-Request/Answer . . . . . . . . . .  8
       4.2.2.  AbortSession-Request/Answer  . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8
   5.  Command Codes for Diameter IKEv2 with PSK  . . . . . . . . . .  9
     5.1.  IKEv2-PSK-Request (IKEPSKR) Command  . . . . . . . . . . .  9
     5.2.  IKEv2-PSK-Answer (IKEPSKA) Command . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
   6.  Attribute Value Pair Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
     6.1.  The Master-Security-Association  . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
       6.1.1.  Key  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
       6.1.2.  MSA-Lifetime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
       6.1.3.  MSA-SPI  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
     6.2.  IKEv2-Nonces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
       6.2.1.  Ni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
       6.2.2.  Nr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
   7.  AVP Occurrence Tables  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
   8.  AVP Flag Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
   9.  IANA Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
     9.1.  Command Codes  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
     9.2.  AVP Codes  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
     9.3.  Application Identifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
   10. Security Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
   11. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
     11.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
     11.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
   Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19



















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1.  Introduction

   [RFC4306] defines IKEv2 as a protocol that performs mutual
   authentication between two parties and establishes a security
   association (SA) that includes shared secret information that can be
   used to efficiently establish SAs for Encapsulating Security Payload
   (ESP) [RFC4303] and/or Authentication Header (AH) [RFC4302], and a
   set of cryptographic algorithms to be used by the SAs to protect the
   traffic that they carry.  IKEv2 protocol allows several different
   mechanisms for authenticating a IKEv2 Peer to be used, such as the
   Extensible Authentication Protocol, certificates, and pre-shared
   secrets.

   From a service provider perspective it is important to ensure that a
   user is authorized to use the services.  Therefore, the IKEv2 Server
   must verify that the IKEv2 Peer is authorized for the requested
   services possibly with the assistance of the operator's Diameter
   servers.  Moreover, this document does not assume that the IKEv2
   Server has the pre-shared secrets (PSK) with the IKEv2 Peer.
   Instead, it allows for PSK to be derived for a specific IKEv2 session
   and exchanged between IKEv2 Server and HAAA.  This is accomplished
   through the use of a new Diameter application specifically designed
   for performing IKEv2 authorization decisions.  This document
   specifies the Diameter support for shared secrets (PSK) based IKEv2.



























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2.  Requirements notation

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].














































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3.  Application Identifier

   This specification defines a new Diameter application and its
   respective Application Identifier:

      Diameter IKE PSK  (IKEPSK)  TBD by IANA


   The IKEPSK Application Identifier is used when the IKEv2 Peer is to
   be authenticated and authorized using IKEv2 with PSK-based
   authentication.








































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4.  Protocol Description

4.1.  Support for IKEv2 and Pre-Shared Secrets

   When IKEv2 is used with PSK-based initiator authentication, the
   Diameter commands IKEv2-PSK-Request and IKEv2-PSK-Answer defined in
   this document are used to authorize the IKEv2 Peer for the services.
   Upon receiving the IKE_AUTH message from the IKEv2 Peer, the IKEv2
   Server uses the information received in IDi to determine if it has
   the PSK for this IKEv2 Peer.  If there is no PSK found associated
   with this IKEv2 Peer, the IKEv2 Server MUST send an Authorize-Only
   (Auth-Request-Type set to "Authorize-Only") Diameter IKEv2-PSK
   message with the IKEv2 Peer's IDi payload to the HAAA to obtain the
   PSK.  The IDi payload extracted from the IKE_AUTH message has to
   contain an identity that is meaningful for the Diameter
   infrastructure, such as a Network Access Identifier (NAI), since it
   is used by the IKEv2 Server to populate the User-Name AVP in the
   Diameter message.  The IKEv2 Server also includes in the IKEv2-Nonces
   AVP of the same Diameter message the initiator and responder nonces
   (Ni and Nr) exchanged during initial IKEv2 exchange.

   This message is routed to the IKEv2 Peer's HAAA.  Upon receiving
   Diameter IKEv2-PSK message from the IKEv2 Server, the HAAA shall use
   the User-Name AVP to retrieve the associated keying material.  The
   HAAA SHALL use the nonces Ni and Nr received in IKEv2-Nonces AVP to
   generate the PSK.  It is outside of scope of this document how the
   HAAA obtains or generates the PSK.  For example, if the HAAA
   previously performed EAP based access authentication and
   authorization of the IKEv2 Peer, it can use the available EMSK to
   generate the PSK [RFC5295].  The HAAA returns the PSK to the IKEv2
   Server using the Master-Security-Association AVP.

   Once the IKEv2 Server receives the PSK from the HAAA, the IKEv2
   Server verifies the IKE_AUTH message received from the IKEv2 Peer.
   If the verification of AUTH is successful, the IKEv2 Server sends the
   IKE message back to the IKEv2 Peer.

4.2.  Session Management

   The HAAA may maintain state or may be stateless.  This is indicated
   by presence or absence of the Auth-Session-State AVP.  The IKEv2
   Server MUST support the Authorization Session State Machine defined
   in [RFC3588].

   This specification makes an assumption that each IKE_SA created
   between the IKEv2 Peer and the IKEv2 Server as a result of a
   successful IKEv2 negotiation exchange together with CHILD_SAs set up
   through that particular IKE_SA correspond to one currently active PSK



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   and one active Diameter session.

4.2.1.  Session-Termination-Request/Answer

   In the case where session tracking is being used, when the IKEv2
   Server terminates the SA it SHALL send a Session-Termination-Request
   (STR) message [RFC3588] to inform the HAAA that the authorized
   session has been terminated.

   The Session-Termination-Answer (STA) message [RFC3588] is sent by the
   HAAA to acknowledge the notification that the session has been
   terminated.

4.2.2.  AbortSession-Request/Answer

   The Abort-Session-Request (ASR) message [RFC3588] is sent by the HAAA
   to the IKEv2 Server to terminate the authorized session.  When the
   IKEv2 Server receives the ASR message, it MUST delete the
   corresponding IKE_SA and all CHILD_SAs set up through it.

   The Abort-Session-Answer (ASA) message [RFC3588] is sent by the IKEv2
   Server in response to an ASR message.





























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5.  Command Codes for Diameter IKEv2 with PSK

   This section defines new Command-Code values that MUST be supported
   by all Diameter implementations conforming to this specification.

    +-------------------+---------+------+-------------+-------------+
    |    Command-Name   | Abbrev. | Code |  Reference  | Application |
    +-------------------+---------+------+-------------+-------------+
    | IKEv2-PSK-Request | IKEPSKR |  TBD | Section 5.1 |    IKEPSK   |
    |                   |         |      |             |             |
    |  IKEv2-PSK-Answer | IKEPSKA |  TBD | Section 5.2 |    IKEPSK   |
    +-------------------+---------+------+-------------+-------------+

                          Table 1: Command Codes

5.1.  IKEv2-PSK-Request (IKEPSKR) Command

   The IKEv2-PSK-Request message, indicated with the Command-Code set to
   TBD and the 'R' bit set in the Command Flags field is sent from the
   IKEv2 Server to the HAAA to initiate IKEv2 with PSK authorization.
   In this case, the Application-ID field of the Diameter Header MUST be
   set to the Diameter IKE PSK Application ID (value of TDB).

   Message format


         <IKEv2-PSK-Request> ::= < Diameter Header: TBD, REQ, PXY >
                                 < Session-Id >
                                 { Auth-Application-Id }
                                 { Origin-Host }
                                 { Origin-Realm }
                                 { Destination-Realm }
                                 { Auth-Request-Type }
                                 [ Destination-Host ]
                                 [ NAS-Identifier ]
                                 [ NAS-IP-Address ]
                                 [ NAS-IPv6-Address ]
                                 [ NAS-Port ]
                                 [ Origin-State-Id ]
                                 { User-Name }
                                 [ Auth-Session-State ]
                                 { IKEv2-Nonces }
                               * [ Proxy-Info ]
                               * [ Route-Record ]
                                 ...
                               * [ AVP ]

   IKEv2-PSK-Request message MUST include a IKEv2-Nonces AVP containing



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   Ni and Nr nonces exchanged during initial IKEv2 exchange.

5.2.  IKEv2-PSK-Answer (IKEPSKA) Command

   The IKEv2-PSK-Answer (IKEPSKA) message, indicated by the Command-Code
   field set to TBD and the 'R' bit cleared in the Command Flags field,
   is sent by the HAAA to the IKEv2 Server in response to the IKEPSKR
   command.  In this case, the Application-ID field of the Diameter
   Header MUST be set to the Diameter Mobile IPv6 IKE PSK Application ID
   (value of TDB).

   Message format


           <IKEv2-PSK-Answer> ::= < Diameter Header: TBD, PXY >
                                  < Session-Id >
                                  { Auth-Application-Id }
                                  { Auth-Request-Type }
                                  { Result-Code }
                                  { Origin-Host }
                                  { Origin-Realm }
                                  [ User-Name ]
                                  [Master-Security-Association ]
                                  [ Error-Message ]
                                  [ Error-Reporting-Host ]
                                * [ Failed-AVP ]
                                  [ Origin-State-Id ]
                                * [ Redirect-Host ]
                                  [ Redirect-Host-Usage ]
                                  [ Redirect-Max-Cache-Time ]
                                * [ Proxy-Info ]
                                * [ Route-Record ]
                                  ...
                                * [ AVP ]

   If the authorization procedure was successful then the IKEv2-PSK-
   Answer message shall include the Master-Security-Association.














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6.  Attribute Value Pair Definitions

   This section defines new AVPs for the IKEv2 with PSK.

6.1.  The Master-Security-Association

   The Master-Security-Association AVP (AVP Code TBD) is of type Grouped
   and contains the session related information for use with the PSK
   based IKEv2.


         Master-Security-Association::= < AVP Header: TBD >
                                        { Key }
                                        [ MSA-Lifetime ]
                                        [ MSA-SPI ]
                                      * [ AVP ]

6.1.1.  Key

   Key AVP (AVP Code TBD) is of type OctetString and contains the PSK.
   The PSK is placed in this AVP most significant byte first.  Exactly
   how the PSK is derived is beyond the scope of this document.

6.1.2.  MSA-Lifetime

   MSA-Lifetime AVP (AVP Code TBD) is of type Unsigned32 and represents
   the period of time (in seconds) for which the PSK is valid.  The
   associated PSK shall not be used if the lifetime has expired.

6.1.3.  MSA-SPI

   MSA-SPI AVP (AVP Code TBD) is of is of type Unsigned32 and contains
   an SPI associated with the PSK.

6.2.  IKEv2-Nonces

   The IKEv2-Nonces AVP (Code TBD) is of type Grouped and contains the
   nonces exchanged between the IKEv2 Peer and the IKEv2 Server during
   IKEv2 initial exchange.  The nonces are used for PSK generation.


               IKEv2-Nonces ::= < AVP Header: TBD>
                                {Ni}
                                {Nr}
                               *[AVP]






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6.2.1.  Ni

   The Ni AVP (AVP Code TBD) is of type Unsigned32 and contains the
   IKEv2 initiator nonce.

6.2.2.  Nr

   The Nr AVP (AVP Code TBD) is of type Unsigned32 and contains the
   IKEv2 responder nonce.










































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7.  AVP Occurrence Tables

   The following tables present the AVPs defined in this document and
   their occurrences in Diameter messages.  Note that AVPs that can only
   be present within a Grouped AVP are not represented in this table.

   The table uses the following symbols:

   0:

      The AVP MUST NOT be present in the message.


   0+:

      Zero or more instances of the AVP MAY be present in the message.


   0-1:

      Zero or one instance of the AVP MAY be present in the message.


   1:

      One instance of the AVP MUST be present in the message.



                                     +-------------------+
                                     |   Command-Code    |
                                     |---------+---------+
      AVP Name                       | IKEPSKR | IKEPSKA |
      -------------------------------|---------+---------+
      Master-Security-Association    |    0    |   0-1   |
      IKEv2-Nonces                   |   0-1   |    0    |
                                     +---------+---------+

                  IKEPSKR and IKEPSKA Commands AVP Table












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8.  AVP Flag Rules

   The following table describes the Diameter AVPs, their AVP Code
   values, types, possible flag values, and whether the AVP MAY be
   encrypted.  The Diameter base [RFC3588] specifies the AVP Flag rules
   for AVPs in Section 4.5.


                                             +--------------------+
                                             |   AVP Flag rules   |
                                             +----+---+------+----+----+
                    AVP  Defined             |    |   |SHOULD|MUST|MAY |
  Attribute Name    Code in       Value Type |MUST|MAY| NOT  | NOT|Encr|
 +-------------------------------------------+----+---+------+----+----+
 |Master-Security-  TBD  6.1      Grouped    |  M | P |      | V  | Y  |
 |  Association                              |    |   |      |    |    |
 +-------------------------------------------+----+---+------+----+----+
 |Key               TBD  6.1.1    OctetString|  M | P |      | V  | Y  |
 +-------------------------------------------+----+---+------+----+----+
 |MSA-Lifetime      TBD  6.1.2    Unsigned32 |  M | P |      |    |    |
 +-------------------------------------------+----+---+------+----+----+
 |MSA-SPI           TBD  6.1.3    Unsigned32 |  M | P |      | V  | Y  |
 +-------------------------------------------+----+---+------+----+----+
 |IKEv2-Nonces      TBD  6.2      Grouped    |  M | P |      | V  | Y  |
 +-------------------------------------------+----+---+------+----+----+
 |Ni                TBD  6.2.1    Unsigned32 |  M | P |      | V  | Y  |
 +-------------------------------------------+----+---+------+----+----+
 |Nr                TBD  6.2.2    Unsigned32 |  M | P |      | V  | Y  |
 +-------------------------------------------+----+---+------+----+----+

                           AVP Flag Rules Table




















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9.  IANA Considerations

   This section contains the namespaces that have either been created in
   this specification or had their values assigned to existing
   namespaces managed by IANA.

9.1.  Command Codes

   IANA is requested to allocate a command code value for the IKEv2-PSK-
   Request message (IKEPSKR) and for the IKEv2-PSK-Answer message
   (IKEPSKA) from the Command Code namespace defined in [RFC3588].  See
   Section 5 for the assignment of the namespace in this specification.

9.2.  AVP Codes

   This specification requires IANA to register the following new AVPs
   from the AVP Code namespace defined in [RFC3588].


   o  Master-Security-Association

   o  Key

   o  MSA-Lifetime

   o  MSA-SPI

   o  IKEv2-Nonces

   o  Ni

   o  Nr


   The AVPs are defined in Section 6.

9.3.  Application Identifier

   This specification requires IANA to allocate one new value "Diameter
   IKE PSK" from the Application Identifier namespace defined in
   [RFC3588].

   Application Identifier         | Value
   -------------------------------+------
   Diameter IKE PSK (IKEPSK)      | TBD






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10.  Security Considerations

   Any authentication and key agreement protocol with pre-shared keys
   between an end-user client and AAA infrastructure relies on the
   assumption that the client and network can mutually authenticate each
   other.  In context of, for example, 3GPP networks, the HAAA sharing a
   PSK with the IKEv2 Server is similar to the HSS sharing an
   authentication vector with the SGSN or MME in AKA based mutual
   authentication protocols.

   The basic security assumptions in sharing the PSK are based on the
   following standard considerations.

   o  The security tunnel between the HAAA and the IKEv2 Server is
      typically a mutually authenticated tunnel, with ciphering and
      integrity protection for every packet.  The existence of such
      tunnels ensures that on-going trust and security are enforced, and
      in particular the HAAA can guarantee that the IKEv2 Server is not
      misbehaving.

   o  The protocol under discussion relies on the fact an IKEv2 Peer has
      successfully authenticated with the system and has, for example,
      an EMSK stored in the HAAA.  The fact that the PSK is derived from
      the EMSK proves to the HAAA of the existence of an authenticated
      and active IKEv2 Peer.

   o  If the HAAA is to treat an IKEv2 Server as adversarial, then we
      claim that under no circumstances can an IKEv2 Peer communicate
      with that IKEv2 Server.  Recall that any authentication and key
      agreement protocol with pre-shared keys between an end-user client
      and AAA infrastructure relies on the assumption that the client
      and network can mutually authenticate each other, and furthermore
      the client trusts the network elements that the AAA communicates
      with and delegates post authentication security parameters to be
      legitimate.  If the HAAA is to treat the IKEv2 Server as
      adversarial, then the trust assumption is no longer valid.  This
      in turn implies that the IKEv2 Peer is no longer guaranteed that
      the network elements it is communicating with are trusted.


   Hence the following two assumptions are critical to ensure secure
   communications:

   o  The HAAA server and the IKEv2 Server share a trust relationship;
      for instance, may be owned and managed by the same network
      operator.





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   o  Moreover, transfer of keys between the HAAA and the IKEv2 Server
      rely on an existing security association between the above network
      elements.


   In addition, the security considerations of the Diameter Base
   protocol [RFC3588] are applicable to this document.












































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11.  References

11.1.  Normative References

   [RFC3588]  Calhoun, P., Loughney, J., Guttman, E., Zorn, G., and J.
              Arkko, "Diameter Base Protocol", RFC 3588, September 2003.

   [RFC4302]  Kent, S., "IP Authentication Header", RFC 4302,
              December 2005.

   [RFC4303]  Kent, S., "IP Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP)",
              RFC 4303, December 2005.

   [RFC4306]  Kaufman, C., "Internet Key Exchange (IKEv2) Protocol",
              RFC 4306, December 2005.

11.2.  Informative References

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [RFC5295]  Salowey, J., Dondeti, L., Narayanan, V., and M. Nakhjiri,
              "Specification for the Derivation of Root Keys from an
              Extended Master Session Key (EMSK)", RFC 5295,
              August 2008.


























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Authors' Addresses

   Violeta Cakulev
   Alcatel Lucent
   600 Mountain Ave.
   3D-517
   Murray Hill, NJ  07974
   US

   Phone: +1 908 582 3207
   Email: cakulev@alcatel-lucent.com


   Avi Lior
   Bridgewater Systems
   303 Terry Fox Drive
   Otawa, Ontario  K2K 3J1
   Canada

   Phone: +1 613-591-6655
   Email: avi@bridgewatersystems.com






























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