Internet DRAFT - draft-zwzw-bier-prefix-redistribute

draft-zwzw-bier-prefix-redistribute







BIER                                                            Z. Zhang
Internet-Draft                                           ZTE Corporation
Intended status: Standards Track                                   B. Wu
Expires: January 13, 2021                                     Individual
                                                                Z. Zhang
                                                        Juniper Networks
                                                            IJ. Wijnands
                                                     Cisco Systems, Inc.
                                                                  Y. Liu
                                                            China Mobile
                                                           July 12, 2020


                        BIER Prefix Redistribute
                 draft-zwzw-bier-prefix-redistribute-07

Abstract

   This document defines a BIER proxy function to interconnect different
   underlay routing protocol areas in a network.  And a new BIER proxy
   range sub-TLV is also defined to convey BIER BFR-id information
   across the routing areas.

Requirements Language

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in RFC2119.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on January 13, 2021.






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Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2020 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Problem statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
   2.  Proposal  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
   3.  Advertisement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     3.1.  BIER proxy range sub-TLV  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
     3.2.  Proxy range sub-TLV usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
   4.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
   5.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
   6.  Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
   7.  References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
     7.1.  Normative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
     7.2.  Informative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12

1.  Problem statement




















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         +-------------------------------------------------------+
         |              +----+             +----+         PIM    |
         |         +----+ R1 +-------------+ R2 +-----+          |
         |         |    +----+             +----+     |          |
         |         |                                  |          |
         |         |     OSPF area 0 / ISIS           |          |
         |         |                                  |          |
         |         |     +----+            +----+     |          |
         |         +-----+    +------------+    +-----+          |
         |  +------------+ R3 +---+    +---+ R4 +------------+   |
         |  |            +----+   |    |   +----+            |   |
         |  |                     |    |                     |   |
         |  |     OSPF area 1     |    |    OSPF area 2      |   |
         |  |                     |    |                     |   |
         |  |  +----+     +----+  |    |   +----+    +----+  |   |
         |  +--+ Rm +-----+ Rn +--+    +---+ Rx +----+ Ry +--+   |
         |     +----+     +----+           +----+    +----+      |
         +-------------------------------------------------------+
                                Figure 1

   Figure 1 shows that there are three areas in a traditional network.
   In some deployment situations, different routing protocols may also
   be used in the network.  There are just small amount of routers in
   each area.  Currently, multicast services are provided in this kind
   of network by using protocol independent feature of PIM [RFC7761].

   BIER could be a candidate multicast protocol to replace PIM to reduce
   multicast states in the network.  BIER [RFC8279] is a new
   architecture for the forwarding of multicast data packets.  It does
   not require a protocol for explicitly building multicast distribution
   trees, nor does it require intermediate nodes to maintain any per-
   flow state.  In order to build BIER forwarding plane, BIER key
   parameters must be flooded in one BIER domain such as BFR-prefix,
   BFR-id, subdomain-id, and so on.  The routing protocols which are
   used to flood these BIER parameters are called BIER routing underlay.
   The associated routing protocol extensions are defined in documents
   such as [RFC8401], [RFC8444], [I-D.ietf-bier-idr-extensions],
   [I-D.ietf-bier-ospfv3-extensions], and so on.













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                        +----+             +----+
                   +----+ R1 +-------------+ R2 +-----+
                   |    +----+             +----+     |
                   |          OSPF / ISIS             |
                   |           BIER domain 1          |
                   |                                  |
                   |     +----+            +----+     |
                   +-----+    +------------+    +-----+
            +------------+ R3 +---+    +---+ R4 +------------+
            |            +----+   |    |   +----+            |
            |        OSPF         |    |        OSPF         |
            |                     |    |                     |
            |    BIER domain 2    |    |    BIER domain 3    |
            |  +----+     +----+  |    |   +----+    +----+  |
            +--+ Rm +-----+ Rn +--+    +---+ Rx +----+ Ry +--+
               +----+     +----+           +----+    +----+
                                 Figure 2

   Based on the BIER design, a BIER domain is limited by the underlay
   routing protocols flooding scope.  In case we want deploy BIER
   instead of PIM, there are several BIER domains because of different
   underlay routing areas limitation.  Multiple encapsulating/
   decapsulation executions are needed to across multiple BIER domains.
   These executions slow down the forwarding efficiency.  The border
   routers also need to maintain overlay state, which is undesired.

   For example in figure 2, suppose that R1 and R2 connect with
   multicast source.  Rm, Rn, Rx and Ry connect with multicast
   receivers.  According the existed advertisement method defined in
   [RFC8401], [RFC8444], and so on, in BIER domain 1, R1, R2, R3 and R4
   are BIER edge routers.  In BIER domain 2, R3 and Rm, Rn are BIER edge
   routers.  In BIER domain 3, R4 and Rx, Ry are BIER edge routers.

   R1/R2 encapsulates BIER packet when multicast flows come into this
   BIER domain, R3/R4 decapsulates the BIER packet, and encapsulates
   them again, sends them into BIER domain 2/3.  Rm, Rn, Rx and Ry
   decapsulates the packets and forwards them to receivers.

   Due to the decapsulation and encapsulation execution in R3 and R4,
   the forwarding efficiency is slowed down, especially when there are
   not large amount of routers in each BIER domain.

   Section 2.3 in [RFC8444] defines the duplication function across OSPF
   areas.  Except the homogenization network, there is the hybrid
   network showed in figure 2 that several areas formed by different IGP
   protocols, and they are need to be merged into one BIER domain.  In
   the hybrid network, necessary advertisement transform need to be




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   used.  And further, necessary optimization method can be used to
   reduce the amount of the advertisement items.

2.  Proposal

         +-------------------------------------------------------+
         |              +----+             +----+         BIER   |
         |         +----+ R1 +-------------+ R2 +-----+ domain 1 |
         |         |    +----+             +----+     |          |
         |         |            OSPF/ISIS             |          |
         |         |                                  |          |
         |         |     +----+            +----+     |          |
         |         +-----+    +------------+    +-----+          |
         |  +------------+ R3 +---+    +---+ R4 +------------+   |
         |  |            +----+   |    |   +----+            |   |
         |  |                     |    |                     |   |
         |  |     OSPF area 1     |    |    OSPF area 2      |   |
         |  |                     |    |                     |   |
         |  |  +----+     +----+  |    |   +----+    +----+  |   |
         |  +--+ Rm +-----+ Rn +--+    +---+ Rx +----+ Ry +--+   |
         |     +----+     +----+           +----+    +----+      |
         +-------------------------------------------------------+
                                Figure 3

   It is more efficient to deploy BIER by creating one BIER domain for
   the hybrid network to achieve forwarding benefit.

   Since the limitation of the BIER routing protocol scope, BFR-id is
   confined to only one routing area.  A BIER proxy function is
   introduced to transport BIER BFR-id information in a BIER domain
   across multiple routing protocol areas.  So BIER forwarding tables
   can be built across multiple underlay routing protocols to replace
   encapsulation/ decapsulation processing.  In the current deployment,
   border router (ABR) has a similar role, ABR summaries unicast routing
   information from one routing protocol area and sends it to another
   routing area by new routing protocol messages.  So ABR can implement
   BIER proxy function to summarize BIER BFR-id information from one
   routing protocol area and sends it to another routing area.

   In figure 3, R3/R4 connects two areas which running same or different
   routing protocols, they can be used as BIER proxies to transport BIER
   information.  For example, after R3 receives BFR-ids information from
   OSPF area 1 and sends it to ISIS routing area (the upper area), the
   routers in ISIS routing area can generate BIER forwarding items
   toward the BFR-ids in OSPF area 1 through R3.  Similarly, R3 receives
   BFR-ids information from the upper area and sends them into OSPF area
   1, the routers in OSPF area 1 can build BIER forwarding items toward




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   the BFR-ids in ISIS area.  R4 does the same function, the BIER
   forwarding plane is constructed accordingly.

   For example, in this network, suppose that Rm and Rn have the prefix
   of 201.1.1.1/32, 201.1.1.2/32.  In order to build one BIER domain
   which includes these three IGP areas, R3 advertises the BFR-ids of
   Rm/Rn with associated prefixes (201.1.1.1/32, 201.1.1.2/32) into the
   upper area.  Similarly, R4 advertises the BFR-ids of Rx/Ry with
   associated prefixes (202.1.1.1/32, 202.1.1.2/32) into the upper area
   too.

   And R3/R4 advertises the prefixes of R1 and R2 (suppose that the
   prefixes are 200.1.1.1/32 and 200.1.1.2/32) with associated BFR-ids
   into IGP area 1 and area 2.  Also, R3 advertises the prefixes learned
   from R4 (202.1.1.1/32, 202.1.1.2/32) with associated BFR-ids into IGP
   area 1.  R4 also advertises the prefixes (201.1.1.1/32, 201.1.1.2/32)
   with associated BFR-ids into IGP area 2.

   After the path calculation, the BIER forwarding plane is built.  When
   R1/R2 receives multicast packet which should be sent to Rm/Rn/Rx/Ry,
   R1/R2 encapsulates the packet with BIER header and send it into the
   upper area.  When R3/R4 receives the packet, R3/R4 forwards the
   packet into IGP area 1 and area 2 according to the BIER forwarding
   table without doing the decapsulation and re-encapsulation actions.

   Obviously, in order to build the large BIER domain, the BFR-id of
   edge router in each IGP area MUST NOT be overlapped.

3.  Advertisement

   According to [RFC8279], each BFER needs to have a unique (in each
   sub-domain) BFR-id, and each BFR and BFER floods itself BIER info
   sub-TLV and associated sub-sub-TLVs in the BIER domain.  To keep
   consistent with the definition in [RFC8444],
   [I-D.ietf-bier-ospfv3-extensions], and [RFC8401], BIER info sub-TLV
   defined in [RFC8401] and BIER sub-TLV defined in [RFC8444],
   [I-D.ietf-bier-ospfv3-extensions] is reused to convey the BFR-id
   information.  OSPF extended Prefix Opaque LSA [RFC7684] and TLVs 235,
   237 defined in [RFC5120], or TLVs 135 [RFC5305], or TLV 236 [RFC5308]
   are still used to carry the BFR-id/ BFR-prefix information, etc.

   The key parameters got from the original routing protocol should be
   adapted to the format of next routing protocol, such as BFR-prefix,
   BFR-id, subdomain-id, and so on.  Some parameters like BAR, MT-ID has
   local significance, So they should be set to same values with BIER
   proxy own advertisement when BIER proxy advertise them to the next
   routing area.




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   And as the two BIER info sub-sub-TLVs (sub-TLVs) including MPLS
   encapsulation and BSL conversion also have local significance.  The
   information carried in these two sub-sub-TLV need not, but MAY, be
   advertised to next routing area.

   In the same example, when R3 advertises the prefixes of Rm and Rn
   into the upper area, R3 may advertise the prefixes one by one, that
   is R3 advertises 201.1.1.1/32 with associated BFR-id, and R3
   advertises 201.1.1.2/32 with associated BFR-id.  If there is dozens
   of edge routers in area 1, R3 advertises dozens of prefixes and
   associated BFR-ids into the upper area.  When R3 advertises the
   prefixes from the upper area into area 1, R3 advertises the prefixes
   of R1 and R2 with associated BFR-ids separately, and R3 advertises
   the prefixes of Rx and Ry which come from R4 into area 1 one by one.
   R4 does it as well.

3.1.  BIER proxy range sub-TLV

   In some cases unicast default route and aggregated/ summarized routes
   are used in some routing areas and routers in next area can not see
   the specific BFR-prefix routes from original area.  Like in figure 3,
   in case R3/R4 does not advertise specific ISIS unicast routes to OSPF
   area and only advertises unicast default route or aggregated/
   summarized route to OSPF area 1/2, when R3/R4 advertises BIER info
   sub-TLV to OSPF area 1/2, R3 MUST advertise the prefix with default
   route or aggregated/ summarized route.  In that case, multiple BFR-
   ids will be mapped to one prefix.  In order to advertise BFR-ids
   optimally, we define a new BIER proxy range sub-TLV to advertise the
   information of BFR-ids.

        0                   1                   2                   3
        0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |    Type       |   Length      | subdomain-id  |    resv       |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |           BFR-id              |          BFR-id range         |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                            ...                                |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |           BFR-id              |          BFR-id range         |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
                              figure 4

   o  Type: 8-bit unsigned integer.  TBD to indicate the BIER proxy
      range sub-TLV.

   o  Length: 8-bit unsigned integer.  Length of the BIER proxy range
      sub-TLV in 4-octet units, not including the first 4 octets.



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   o  Subdomain-id: 8-bit unsigned integer.  The subdomain-id from
      original advertisement.

   o  resv: 8-bit unsigned integer.  The reserved field.

   o  BFR-id: 16-bit unsigned integer.  The first BFR-id from original
      advertisement.

   o  BFR-id range: 16-bit unsigned integer.  The range of BFR-ids with
      one subdomain-id.

   The BIER proxy range sub-TLV is attached to the aggregated/
   summarized route prefix or default route prefix.  The summarized/
   aggregated/ default prefix may need multiple BIER proxy range sub-
   TLVs when the BFR-ids covered by the prefix are allocated from
   different ranges (even if they're from a single range but some BFR-
   ids in the range map to the BIER prefixes that are covered by a
   different summarized/ aggregated prefix, then that single large range
   needs to be broken into smaller ranges).

   When a BFR receives a default/summary route with a BIER proxy range
   sub-TLV, it builds a BIRT route with that default/summary prefix.  It
   also builds multiple BIFT entries for each BFR-IDs covered in the
   proxy range sub-TLV, using the same forwarding information as in the
   BIRT route.  It is possible that a BFR-ID is covered in the proxy
   range sub-TLV of multiple default/summary routes.  In that case, ECMP
   can be used and longest match SHOULD be used.  For example, if ABR1
   advertises default/summary route P1 while ABR2 advertises a more
   specific summary route P2 and both have a proxy range sub-TLV that
   covers BFR-ID 100, then the BIFT entry for BFR-ID 100 only follows
   the P2 route in BIRT.

   The proxy range sub-TLV can also be attached to a host BIER prefix
   itself.  Consider the situation where BGP-LU [RFC8277] is used for a
   seamless MPLS [I-D.ietf-mpls-seamless-mpls] environment.  An ABR/ASBR
   advertises BIER prefixes via BGP over an area/AS to other ABR/ASBRs
   but the BIER prefixes are not advertised into the IGP for the area/
   AS.  The ABR/ASBR does advertise the BIER prefix for itself into the
   IGP for the area/AS, with a BIER proxy range sub-TLV to cover the
   BFR-IDs for BFRs that the ABR/ASBR has learned (either through IGP or
   through BGP signaling).  When an internal BFR receives it, it treats
   as if a default summary route had been received with the proxy range
   sub-TLV.  Note that this imaginary default summary route is only for
   the purpose of building BIRT/BIFT entries and not used for unicast
   forwarding.

   With this scheme, even though the BIER prefixes are not advertised
   into the IGP for the area/AS and unicast traffic for those BIER



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   prefixes are tunneled through, corresponding BIFT entries are
   maintained inside the area/AS for the purpose of efficient BIER
   forwarding.  Otherwise, BIER forwarding through the area/AS would be
   tunneled just like unicast case.

   The range in the BIER proxy range sub-TLV can be as granular as to
   advertise individual BFR-ids.  Though a larger range can increase
   advertisement efficiency, it requires careful planning for BFR-id
   assignment.

   When the proxy range sub-TLV is used, the mapping between a BIER
   prefix and its BFR-id is no longer conveyed in the routing underlay.
   As a result, the mapping must be provided by other means, e.g. in the
   multicast overlay.

3.2.  Proxy range sub-TLV usage

   In the same example of figure 3, in case there are 40 edge routers in
   area 1, the BFR-ids of area 1 start from 51 to 90, and the prefixes
   of these routers start from 201.1.1.1/32 to 201.1.1.40/32.  These
   prefixes are not overlapped with the prefixes in any other area.

   When R3 advertises these prefixes into the upper area, the proxy
   range sub-TLV can be used to optimize the advertisement.  That is R3
   can advertise only one prefix 201.1.1.0/24, with the BFR-id set to
   51, the BFR-id range set to 40, into the upper area.  Then the BIER
   overlay is built among R1, R2, Rm, Rn, Rx and Ry.  R3 and R4 need not
   maintain the multicast overlay states.

   When R3 advertises the prefixes from the upper area and area 2 into
   area 1, R3 may advertise only one default route (0.0.0.0/0) into area
   1 if one or more continuous BFR-id range can be attached.  Suppose
   that the BFR-id in the upper area starts from 1001 to 1050, the BFR-
   id in area 2 starts from 201 to 250, and these ranges are not
   overlapped with the ranges in any other area.  Suppose that the sub-
   domain ID is 1, the BIER proxy range sub-TLV may be advertised like
   this:

       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |     TBD       |       2        |       1      |       0       |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |           1001                 |              50              |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |           201                  |              50              |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
                            figure 5



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   The optimized summary/ aggregated or default prefix can be generated
   by the operation policy which is configured by the network
   administrator.

   In case the range of BFR-ids in one area is overlapped with the BFR-
   ids in any other area, the proxy range sub-TLV can not be used.  In
   the same example above, if the BFR-ids in area 1 are 21, 31, 41,
   etc., the BFR-ids in area 2 are 22, 32, 42, etc., even if the
   summarized prefixes are not overlapped with the prefixes in any other
   area, when R3 advertises the summarized prefixes in area 1 into the
   upper area, the proxy range sub-TLV may not optimize the
   advertisement.

   After the forwarding plane is built, when R1 receives multicast
   packet, and the receivers of this flow are connected by Rm and Rx, R1
   encapsulates BIER header in front of the flow packet with BFR-ids set
   to Rm and Rx.  When R3/R4 receives the packet, R3/R4 need not
   decapsulate and re-encapsulate the packet.  R3/R4 just forwards the
   packet according to the BIER forwarding table.  When the packet
   reaches Rm and Rx, Rm and Rx remove the BIER header and forward it to
   receivers.

4.  IANA Considerations

   IANA is requested to set up a new types of sub-TLV (TLV) registry
   value for BIER proxy range advertisement in OSPF, ISIS, BGP, etc.

5.  Security Considerations

   Implementations must assure that malformed TLV and Sub-TLV
   permutations do not result in errors which cause hard protocol
   failures.

6.  Acknowledgements

   The authors would like to thank Stig Venaas for his valuable comments
   and suggestions.

7.  References

7.1.  Normative References

   [I-D.ietf-bier-idr-extensions]
              Xu, X., Chen, M., Patel, K., Wijnands, I., and T.
              Przygienda, "BGP Extensions for BIER", draft-ietf-bier-
              idr-extensions-07 (work in progress), September 2019.





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   [I-D.ietf-bier-ospfv3-extensions]
              Psenak, P., Nainar, N., and I. Wijnands, "OSPFv3
              Extensions for BIER", draft-ietf-bier-ospfv3-extensions-02
              (work in progress), May 2020.

   [RFC5120]  Przygienda, T., Shen, N., and N. Sheth, "M-ISIS: Multi
              Topology (MT) Routing in Intermediate System to
              Intermediate Systems (IS-ISs)", RFC 5120,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC5120, February 2008,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5120>.

   [RFC5305]  Li, T. and H. Smit, "IS-IS Extensions for Traffic
              Engineering", RFC 5305, DOI 10.17487/RFC5305, October
              2008, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5305>.

   [RFC5308]  Hopps, C., "Routing IPv6 with IS-IS", RFC 5308,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC5308, October 2008,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5308>.

   [RFC7684]  Psenak, P., Gredler, H., Shakir, R., Henderickx, W.,
              Tantsura, J., and A. Lindem, "OSPFv2 Prefix/Link Attribute
              Advertisement", RFC 7684, DOI 10.17487/RFC7684, November
              2015, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7684>.

   [RFC8279]  Wijnands, IJ., Ed., Rosen, E., Ed., Dolganow, A.,
              Przygienda, T., and S. Aldrin, "Multicast Using Bit Index
              Explicit Replication (BIER)", RFC 8279,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC8279, November 2017,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8279>.

   [RFC8401]  Ginsberg, L., Ed., Przygienda, T., Aldrin, S., and Z.
              Zhang, "Bit Index Explicit Replication (BIER) Support via
              IS-IS", RFC 8401, DOI 10.17487/RFC8401, June 2018,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8401>.

   [RFC8444]  Psenak, P., Ed., Kumar, N., Wijnands, IJ., Dolganow, A.,
              Przygienda, T., Zhang, J., and S. Aldrin, "OSPFv2
              Extensions for Bit Index Explicit Replication (BIER)",
              RFC 8444, DOI 10.17487/RFC8444, November 2018,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8444>.

7.2.  Informative References

   [I-D.ietf-mpls-seamless-mpls]
              Leymann, N., Decraene, B., Filsfils, C., Konstantynowicz,
              M., and D. Steinberg, "Seamless MPLS Architecture", draft-
              ietf-mpls-seamless-mpls-07 (work in progress), June 2014.




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Internet-Draft          BIER Prefix Redistribute               July 2020


   [RFC7761]  Fenner, B., Handley, M., Holbrook, H., Kouvelas, I.,
              Parekh, R., Zhang, Z., and L. Zheng, "Protocol Independent
              Multicast - Sparse Mode (PIM-SM): Protocol Specification
              (Revised)", STD 83, RFC 7761, DOI 10.17487/RFC7761, March
              2016, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7761>.

   [RFC8277]  Rosen, E., "Using BGP to Bind MPLS Labels to Address
              Prefixes", RFC 8277, DOI 10.17487/RFC8277, October 2017,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8277>.

Authors' Addresses

   Zheng(Sandy) Zhang
   ZTE Corporation

   EMail: zzhang_ietf@hotmail.com


   Bo Wu
   Individual

   EMail: w1973941761@163.com


   Zhaohui Zhang
   Juniper Networks

   EMail: zzhang@juniper.net


   IJsbrand Wijnands
   Cisco Systems, Inc.

   EMail: ice@cisco.com


   Yisong Liu
   China Mobile

   EMail: liuyisong.ietf@gmail.com











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