Internet DRAFT - draft-ietf-core-senml-etch

draft-ietf-core-senml-etch







Network Working Group                                         A. Keranen
Internet-Draft                                                  Ericsson
Intended status: Standards Track                              M. Mohajer
Expires: September 10, 2020                                March 9, 2020


          FETCH & PATCH with Sensor Measurement Lists (SenML)
                     draft-ietf-core-senml-etch-07

Abstract

   The Sensor Measurement Lists (SenML) media type and data model can be
   used to send collections of resources, such as batches of sensor data
   or configuration parameters.  The CoAP FETCH, PATCH, and iPATCH
   methods enable accessing and updating parts of a resource or multiple
   resources with one request.  This document defines new media types
   for the CoAP FETCH, PATCH, and iPATCH methods for resources
   represented with the SenML data model.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
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   This Internet-Draft will expire on September 10, 2020.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2020 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
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   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of



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   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
   2.  Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   3.  Using FETCH and (i)PATCH with SenML . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
     3.1.  SenML FETCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     3.2.  SenML (i)PATCH  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
   4.  Fragment Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
   5.  Extensibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
   6.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
   7.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
     7.1.  CoAP Content-Format Registration  . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     7.2.  senml-etch+json Media Type  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     7.3.  senml-etch+cbor Media Type  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
   8.  Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
   9.  References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
     9.1.  Normative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
     9.2.  Informative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11

1.  Introduction

   The Sensor Measurement Lists (SenML) media type [RFC8428] and data
   model can be used to transmit collections of resources, such as
   batches of sensor data or configuration parameters.

   An example of a SenML collection is shown below:

   [
    {"bn":"2001:db8::2/3311/0/", "n":"5850", "vb":true},
    {"n":"5851", "v":42},
    {"n":"5750", "vs":"Ceiling light"}
   ]

   Here three resources "3311/0/5850", "3311/0/5851", and "3311/0/5750",
   of an IPSO dimmable light smart object [IPSO] are represented using a
   single SenML Pack with three SenML Records.  All resources share the
   same base name "2001:db8::2/3311/0/", hence full names for resources
   are "2001:db8::2/3311/0/5850", etc.

   The CoAP [RFC7252] FETCH, PATCH, and iPATCH methods [RFC8132] enable
   accessing and updating parts of a resource or multiple resources with
   one request.





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   This document defines two new media types, one using the JavaScript
   Object Notation (JSON) [RFC8259] and one using the Concise Binary
   Object Representation (CBOR) [RFC7049], which can be used with the
   CoAP FETCH, PATCH, and iPATCH methods for resources represented with
   the SenML data model (i.e., for both SenML and Sensor Streaming
   Measurement Lists (SenSML) data).  The rest of the document uses term
   "(i)PATCH" when referring to both methods as the semantics of the new
   media types are the same for the CoAP PATCH and iPATCH methods.

2.  Terminology

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
   "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP
   14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
   capitals, as shown here.

   Readers should also be familiar with the terms and concepts discussed
   in [RFC8132] and [RFC8428].  The following additional terms are used
   in this document:

   Fetch Record:  One set of parameters that is used to match SenML
      Record(s).

   Fetch Pack:  One or more Fetch Records in an array structure.

   Patch Record:  One set of parameters similar to Fetch Record but also
      containing instructions on how to change existing SenML Pack(s).

   Patch Pack:  One or more Patch Records in an array structure.

   Target Record:  A Record in a SenML Pack that matches the selection
      criteria of a Fetch or Patch Record and hence is a target for a
      Fetch or Patch operation.

   Target Pack:  A SenML Pack that is a target for a Fetch or Patch
      operation.

   (i)PATCH:  A term that refers to both CoAP "PATCH" and "iPATCH"
      methods when there is no difference in this specification in which
      one is used.

3.  Using FETCH and (i)PATCH with SenML

   The FETCH/(i)PATCH media types for SenML are modeled as extensions to
   the SenML media type to enable re-use of existing SenML parsers and
   generators, in particular on constrained devices.  Unless mentioned




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   otherwise, FETCH and PATCH Packs are constructed with the same rules
   and constraints as SenML Packs.

   The key differences to the SenML media type are allowing the use of a
   "null" value for removing records with the (i)PATCH method and lack
   of value fields in Fetch Records.  Also the Fetch and Patch Records
   do not have default time or base version when the fields are omitted.

3.1.  SenML FETCH

   The FETCH method can be used to select and return a subset of
   records, in sequence, of one or more SenML Packs.  The SenML Records
   are selected by giving a set of names that, when resolved, match
   resolved names in a Target SenML Pack.  The names for a Fetch Pack
   are given using the SenML "name" and/or "base name" fields.  The
   names are resolved by concatenating the base name with the name field
   as defined in [RFC8428].

   A Fetch Pack MUST contain at least one Fetch Record.  A Fetch Record
   MUST contain a name and/or a base name field.

   For example, to select the IPSO resources "5850" and "5851" from the
   example in Section 1, the following Fetch Pack can be used:

   [
    {"bn":"2001:db8::2/3311/0/", "n":"5850"},
    {"n":"5851"}
   ]

   The result to a FETCH request with the example above would be:

   [
    {"bn":"2001:db8::2/3311/0/", "n":"5850", "vb":true},
    {"n":"5851", "v":42},
   ]

   The SenML time and unit fields can be used in a Fetch Record to
   further narrow the selection of matched SenML Records.  When no time
   or unit is given in a Fetch Record, all SenML Records with the given
   name are matched (i.e., unlike with SenML Records, lack of time field
   in a Fetch Record does not imply time value zero).  When time is
   given in the Fetch Record, only the SenML Records (if any) with equal
   resolved time value and name are matched.  Similarly, when unit is
   given, only the SenML Records with equal resolved unit and name are
   matched.  If both time and unit are given in the Fetch Record, both
   MUST to match for the SenML Record to match.  Each Target Record MUST
   be included in the response at most once, even if multiple Fetch
   Records match with the same Target Record.



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   For example, if the IPSO resource "5850" would have multiple sensor
   readings (SenML Records) with different time values, the following
   Fetch Pack can be used to retrieve the Record with time
   "1.276020091e+09":

   [
    {"bn":"2001:db8::2/3311/0/", "n":"5850", "t":1.276020091e+09}
   ]

   The resolved form of records (Section 4.6 of [RFC8428]) is used when
   comparing the names, times, and units of the Target and Fetch Records
   to accommodate for differences in use of the base values.  In
   resolved form the SenML name in the example above becomes
   "2001:db8::2/3311/0/5850".  Since there is no base time in the Pack,
   the time in resolved form is equal to the time in the example.

   If no SenML Records match, empty SenML Pack (i.e., array with no
   elements) is returned as a response.

   Fetch Records MUST NOT contain other fields than name, base name,
   time, base time, unit, and base unit.  Implementations MUST reject
   and generate an error for a Fetch Pack with other fields.  [RFC8132]
   Section 2.2 provides guidance for FETCH request error handling, e.g.,
   using the 4.22 (Unprocessable Entity) CoAP error response code.

3.2.  SenML (i)PATCH

   The (i)PATCH method can be used to change the fields of SenML
   Records, to add new Records, and to remove existing Records.  The
   names, times, and units of the Patch Records are given and matched in
   same way as for the Fetch Records, except each Patch Record MUST
   match at most one Target Record.  A Patch Record matching more than
   one Target Record is considered invalid (patching multiple Target
   Records with one Patch Record would result in multiple copies of the
   same record).  Patch Packs can also include new values and other
   SenML fields for the Records.  Application of Patch Packs is
   idempotent; hence PATCH and iPATCH methods for SenML Packs are
   equivalent.

   When the name in a Patch Record matches with the name in an existing
   Record, the resolved time values and units (if any) are compared.  If
   the time values and units either do not exist in both Records or are
   equal, the Target Record is replaced with the contents of the Patch
   Record.  All Patch Records MUST contain at least a SenML Value or Sum
   field.

   If a Patch Record contains a name, or combination of a time value,
   unit, and a name, that do not exist in any existing Record in the



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   Pack, the given Record, with all the fields it contains, is added to
   the Pack.

   If a Patch Record has a value ("v") field with value null, it MUST
   NOT be added but the matched Record (if any) is removed from the
   Target Pack.

   The Patch Records MUST be applied in the same sequence they are in
   the Patch Pack.  If multiple Patch Packs are being processed at the
   same time, the result MUST be equivalent to applying them in one
   sequence.

   Implementations MUST reject and generate an error for Patch Packs
   with invalid Records.  If a Patch Pack is rejected, the state of the
   Target Pack is not changed, i.e., either all or none of the Patch
   Records are applied.  [RFC8132] Section 3.4 provides guidance for
   error handling with PATCH and iPATCH requests, e.g., using the 4.22
   (Unprocessable Entity) and 4.09 (Conflict) CoAP error response codes.

   For example, the following document could be given as an (i)PATCH
   payload to change/set values of two SenML Records for the example in
   Section 1:

   [
    {"bn":"2001:db8::2/3311/0/", "n":"5850", "vb":false},
    {"n":"5851", "v":10}
   ]

   If the request is successful, the resulting representation of the
   example SenML Pack would be as follows:

   [
    {"bn":"2001:db8::2/3311/0/", "n":"5850", "vb":false},
    {"n":"5851", "v":10},
    {"n":"5750", "vs":"Ceiling light"}
   ]

   As another example, the following document could be given as an
   (i)PATCH payload to remove the two SenML Records:

   [
    {"bn":"2001:db8::2/3311/0/", "n":"5850", "v":null},
    {"n":"5851", "v":null}
   ]







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4.  Fragment Identification

   Fragment identification for Records of Fetch and Patch Packs uses the
   same mechanism as SenML JSON/CBOR fragment identification (see
   Section 9 of [RFC8428]), i.e., "rec" scheme followed by a comma-
   separated list of Record positions or range(s) of Records.  For
   example, to select the 3rd and 5th Record of a Fetch or Patch Pack, a
   fragment identifier "rec=3,5" can be used in the URI of the Fetch or
   Patch Pack resource.

5.  Extensibility

   The SenML mandatory to understand fields extensibility mechanism (see
   section 4.4 in [RFC8428]) does not apply to Patch Packs, i.e.,
   unknown fields MUST NOT generate an error but such fields are treated
   like any other field (e.g., added to Patch target records where
   applicable).

   This specification allows only a small subset of SenML fields in
   Fetch Records but future specifications may enable new fields for
   Fetch Records and possibly also new fields for selecting targets for
   Patch Records.

6.  Security Considerations

   The security and privacy considerations of SenML apply also with the
   FETCH and (i)PATCH methods.  CoAP's security mechanisms are used to
   provide security for the FETCH and (i)PATCH methods.

   In FETCH and (i)PATCH requests, the client can pass arbitrary names
   to the target resource for manipulation.  The resource implementer
   must take care to only allow access to names that are actually part
   of (or accessible through) the target resource.  In particular the
   receiver needs to ensure that any input does not lead to uncontrolled
   special interpretation by the system.

   If the client is not allowed to do a GET or PUT on the full target
   resource (and thus all the names accessible through it), access
   control rules must be evaluated for each record in the pack.

7.  IANA Considerations

   This document registers two new media types and CoAP Content-Format
   IDs for both media types.

   Note to RFC Editor: Please replace all occurrences of "RFC-AAAA" with
   the RFC number of this document.




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7.1.  CoAP Content-Format Registration

   IANA is requested to assign CoAP Content-Format IDs for the SenML
   PATCH and FETCH media types in the "CoAP Content-Formats" sub-
   registry, within the "CoRE Parameters" registry [RFC7252].  The
   assigned IDs are shown in Table 1.

           +-----------------------------+----------+---------+
           | Media type                  | Encoding | ID      |
           +-----------------------------+----------+---------+
           | application/senml-etch+json | -        | TBD-320 |
           |                             |          |         |
           | application/senml-etch+cbor | -        | TBD-322 |
           +-----------------------------+----------+---------+

                     Table 1: CoAP Content-Format IDs

7.2.  senml-etch+json Media Type

   Type name: application

   Subtype name: senml-etch+json

   Required parameters: N/A

   Optional parameters: N/A

   Encoding considerations: binary

   Security considerations: See Section 6 of RFC-AAAA.

   Interoperability considerations: N/A

   Published specification: RFC-AAAA

   Applications that use this media type: Applications that use the
   SenML media type for resource representation.

   Fragment identifier considerations: Fragment identification for
   application/senml-etch+json is supported by using fragment
   identifiers as specified by RFC AAAA.

   Additional information:

   Deprecated alias names for this type: N/A

   Magic number(s): N/A




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   File extension(s): senml-etchj

   Windows Clipboard Name: "SenML FETCH/PATCH format"

   Macintosh file type code(s): N/A

   Macintosh Universal Type Identifier code: org.ietf.senml-etch-json
   conforms to public.text

   Person & email address to contact for further information: Ari
   Keranen ari.keranen@ericsson.com

   Intended usage: COMMON

   Restrictions on usage: N/A

   Author: Ari Keranen ari.keranen@ericsson.com

   Change controller: IESG

7.3.  senml-etch+cbor Media Type

   Type name: application

   Subtype name: senml-etch+cbor

   Required parameters: N/A

   Optional parameters: N/A

   Encoding considerations: binary

   Security considerations: See Section 6 of RFC-AAAA.

   Interoperability considerations: N/A

   Published specification: RFC-AAAA

   Applications that use this media type: Applications that use the
   SenML media type for resource representation.

   Fragment identifier considerations: Fragment identification for
   application/senml-etch+cbor is supported by using fragment
   identifiers as specified by RFC AAAA.

   Additional information:

   Deprecated alias names for this type: N/A



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   Magic number(s): N/A

   File extension(s): senml-etchc

   Macintosh file type code(s): N/A

   Macintosh Universal Type Identifier code: org.ietf.senml-etch-cbor
   conforms to public.data

   Person & email address to contact for further information: Ari
   Keranen ari.keranen@ericsson.com

   Intended usage: COMMON

   Restrictions on usage: N/A

   Author: Ari Keranen ari.keranen@ericsson.com

   Change controller: IESG

8.  Acknowledgements

   The use of FETCH and (i)PATCH methods with SenML was first introduced
   by the OMA SpecWorks LwM2M v1.1 specification.  This document
   generalizes the use to any SenML representation.  The authors would
   like to thank Carsten Bormann, Christian Amsuess, Jaime Jimenez,
   Klaus Hartke, Michael Richardson, and other participants from the
   IETF CoRE and OMA SpecWorks DMSE working groups who have contributed
   ideas and reviews.

9.  References

9.1.  Normative References

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

   [RFC7049]  Bormann, C. and P. Hoffman, "Concise Binary Object
              Representation (CBOR)", RFC 7049, DOI 10.17487/RFC7049,
              October 2013, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7049>.

   [RFC7252]  Shelby, Z., Hartke, K., and C. Bormann, "The Constrained
              Application Protocol (CoAP)", RFC 7252,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC7252, June 2014,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7252>.




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   [RFC8132]  van der Stok, P., Bormann, C., and A. Sehgal, "PATCH and
              FETCH Methods for the Constrained Application Protocol
              (CoAP)", RFC 8132, DOI 10.17487/RFC8132, April 2017,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8132>.

   [RFC8174]  Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
              2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
              May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.

   [RFC8259]  Bray, T., Ed., "The JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) Data
              Interchange Format", STD 90, RFC 8259,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC8259, December 2017,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8259>.

   [RFC8428]  Jennings, C., Shelby, Z., Arkko, J., Keranen, A., and C.
              Bormann, "Sensor Measurement Lists (SenML)", RFC 8428,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC8428, August 2018,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8428>.

9.2.  Informative References

   [IPSO]     IPSO, "IPSO Light Control Smart Object", 2018,
              <http://www.openmobilealliance.org/tech/profiles/
              lwm2m/3311.xml>.

Authors' Addresses

   Ari Keranen
   Ericsson

   Email: ari.keranen@ericsson.com


   Mojan Mohajer

   Email: mojanm@hotmail.com















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