Internet DRAFT - draft-hussain-ccamp-super-channel-label

draft-hussain-ccamp-super-channel-label



Network Working Group                                  Iftekhar Hussain
Internet Draft                                                Zhong Pan
Intended status: Standard Track                              Marco Sosa
Expires: April 2014                                            Infinera

                                                             Bert Basch
                                                              Steve Liu
                                                        Andrew G. Malis
                                                 Verizon Communications

                                                        Abinder Dhillon
                                         Fujitsu Network Communications

                                                        October 8, 2013



      Generalized Label for Super-Channel Assignment on Flexible Grid
              draft-hussain-ccamp-super-channel-label-06.txt


Abstract

   To enable scaling of existing transport systems to ultra high data
   rates of 1 Tbps and beyond, next generation systems providing super-
   channel switching capability are currently being developed. To allow
   efficient allocation of optical spectral bandwidth for such high bit
   rate systems, International Telecommunication Union
   Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is extending the
   G.694.1 grid standard (termed "Fixed-Grid") to include flexible grid
   (termed "Flex-Grid") support (draft revised ITU-T G.694.1, revision
   1.4, Oct 2011). This necessitates definition of new label format for
   the Flex-Grid. This document defines a super-channel label as a
   Super-Channel Identifier and an associated list of 12.5 GHz slices
   representing the optical spectrum of the super-channel. The label
   information can be encoded using a fixed length or variable length
   format. This label format can be used in GMPLS signaling and routing
   protocol to establish super-channel based optical label switched
   paths (LSPs).



Status of this Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.





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Table of Contents


   1. Introduction...................................................3
   2. Terminology....................................................6
   3. Motivation for Super-Channel Label.............................6
      3.1. Flex-Grid Slice Numbering.................................6
      3.2. Super-Channel Label.......................................7
         3.2.1. Super-Channel Label Encoding Format..................8
         3.2.2. LSP Encoding Type, Switching Type, and Generalized-PID
         (G-PID) in Generalized Label Request.......................11
   4. Security Considerations.......................................11


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   5. IANA Considerations...........................................12
   6. References....................................................12
      6.1. Normative References.....................................12
      6.2. Informative References...................................12
   7. Acknowledgments...............................................13
   Appendix A. Super-Channel Label Format Example...................14

1. Introduction

   Future transport systems are expected to support service upgrades to
   data rates of 1 Tbps and beyond. To scale networks beyond 100Gbps,
   multi-carrier super-channels coupled with advanced multi-level
   modulation formats and flexible channel spectrum bandwidth
   allocation schemes have become pivotal for future spectral efficient
   transport network architectures [1,2].

   A super-channel represents an ultra high aggregate capacity channel
   containing multiple carriers which are co-routed through the network
   as a single entity from the source transceiver to the sink
   transceiver [3,7]. By multiplexing multiple carriers, modulating
   each carrier with multi-level advanced modulation formats (such as
   PM-QPSK, PM-8QAM, PM-16QAM), allocating an appropriate-sized
   flexible channel spectral bandwidth slot, and using a coherent
   receiver for detecting closely packed sub-carriers, a super-channel
   can support ultra high data rates in a spectrally efficient manner
   while maintaining required system reach. Figure 1 contrasts channel
   spectrum bandwidth allocation schemes for various bit rate optical
   paths on fixed-grid and flex-grid. ITU-T fixed-grid permits
   allocation of channel spectrum bandwidth in "single" fixed-sized
   slots (e.g., 50GHz, 100GHz etc) independent of the channel bit rate.
   In contrast, a flex-grid can allocate "arbitrary" size channel
   spectral bandwidth as an integer multiple of 12.5 GHz fine
   granularity slices. This means, a flex-grid can support multiple
   data rates channels (optical paths) in a spectrally efficient manner
   as it allocates appropriate-sized spectrum bandwidth slots, as
   opposed to fixed-sized slots. As in the examples in the figure, the
   optical spectrum slices assigned will be to a given super-channel in
   a contiguous manner. However, for flexibility in finding available
   optical spectrum on fragmented fibers and to reduce signaling
   message overhead, the two schemes proposed in this document also
   allow for identification of a split-spectrum super-channel with
   optical spectral slices that are non-contiguous, spread across
   multiple slots. Note that the channel capacity available on a given
   number of optical spectral slices depends on (among other factors)
   how many contiguous optical slots are used. The definition of the
   channel capacity available for a split-spectrum super-channel split



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   across multiple slots of different widths is outside the scope of
   this document.















































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                                ITU-T G.694.1
                     Center frequency (f) = 193.1 THz

             n=-3    n=-2    n=-1    n=0    n=+1     n=+2

             ^        ^       ^       ^       ^       ^
       ...   |        |       |       |       |       |  ...
             ||   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
             +--------+-------+-------+-------+-------+---
                                  <--   -->    <--   -->
                                     50 GHz      50 GHz

                      ^                       ^
                      | n=-2                  | n= +1
                      |                       |
                  +------+                 +------+
                  |50 GHz|                 |50 GHz|
                  +------+                 +------+

                (10 Gbps channel)           (40Gbps channel)
             (a fixed 50GHz chunk)      (a fixed 50GHz chunk)

                                   (a)


                      ^       ^       ^       ^       ^       ^
                      |       |       |       |       |    + +|
                ...   |-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-| |+|+|+|+|+|+|+|+|+|1|1|  ...
                      |8|7|6|5|4|3|2|1|0|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|0|1|
                   ---+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+---

                      ^                               ^       ^
                      |<--           200 GHz       -->|<-   ->|
                      |                               | 50GHz |
                      +-------------------------------+-------+
                      |     1 Tbps super-channel      |100Gbps|
                      |     16 slices of 12.5 GHz     |Channel|
                      |                               |4slices|
                      +-------------------------------+-------+


                                   (b)

   Figure 1 ITU-T (a) 50 GHz fixed-grid (G.694.1) (b) 12.5 GHz granular
                                 flex-grid



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2. Terminology

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL
   NOT","SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in
   this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119
   [RFC2119].

3. Motivation for Super-Channel Label

   [RFC3471] defines new forms of MPLS "label" for the optical domain
   that are collectively referred to as a "generalized label".
   [RFC6205] defines a standard wavelength label based on ITU-T fixed-
   grids ([G.694.1] and [G.694.2]) for use by Lambda-Switch-Capable
   (LSC) LSRs.

   A new label format for super-channels assignment on flex-grid is
   needed because the existing label formats (such as the waveband
   switching label defined in RFC3471 and the wavelength label defined
   in RFC6205) either lack necessary fields to carry required flex-grid
   related information (e.g., channel spacing) or do not allow
   signaling of arbitrary flexible-size optical spectral bandwidth in
   an efficient manner (e.g., in terms of integer multiple of fine
   granularity 12.5GHz slices). For example,

   o  Waveband switching label format (defined in section 3.3.1 of
      RFC3471) lacks fields to carry necessary information to support
      flex-grid.

   o  Wavelength label allows signaling of single fixed-size optical
      spectrum bandwidth slot only.

   o  Wavelength label does not allow signaling of arbitrary flexible-
      size optical spectrum bandwidth needed for super-channels
      assignment on flex-grid.

3.1. Flex-Grid Slice Numbering

   Given a slice spacing value (e.g., 0.0125 THz) and a slice number
   "n", the slice left edge frequency can be calculated as follows:

   Slice Left Edge Frequency(THz)= 193.1 THz + n*slice spacing (THz).

   Where "n" is a two's-complement integer (i.e., positive, negative,
   or 0) and "slice spacing" is 0.0125 THz conforming to ITU-T Flex-



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   Grid.(Editor's Note: in the future, if necessary the slice numbering
   scheme will be updated in accordance with the Flex-Grid.)

   Figure 2 shows an example using the slice number scheme described
   earlier.

3.2. Super-Channel Label

   In order to setup an optical path manually or dynamically, we need a
   way to identify and reserve resources (i.e., signal optical spectral
   bandwidth for the super-channels) along the optical path. For this
   purpose, this document defines a  super-channel label to cover the
   cases of split-spectrum super-channels as well, such that the label
   consists of a  Super-Channel Identifier and an associated list of
   contiguous or non-contiguous set of 12.5 GHz slices representing
   arbitrary size optical spectrum of the super-channels (Note: in the
   future, slice granularity could be 6.25 GHz.)


                            (n=0 is 193.1 THz)

                     n=-2   n=-1     n=0    n=+1     n=+2

                      ^       ^       ^       ^       ^
                      |       |       |       |       |
                ...   |-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-| |+|+|+|+|+|+|+|  ...
                      |8|7|6|5|4|3|2|1|0|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|
                   ---+-------+-------+-------+-------+---
                        ^                       ^
                        |                       |
                        |                       |
                        +-----------------------+
                        | A super-channel with  |
                        | Spectral BW = 150 GHz |
                        |(12 slices of 12.5 GHz)|
                        |                       |
                        | n_start= -7           |
                        | n_end  = +4           |
                        |                       |
                        | (see label encoding   |
                        |  format for details)  |
                        +-----------------------+

    Figure 2 flex-grid example of the proposed slice numbering scheme.





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3.2.1. Super-Channel Label Encoding Format

   This section describes two options (option A and B) for encoding the
   super-channel label by making extensions to the waveband switching
   label[RFC3471] and wavelength label[RFC6205] formats. (Editor's
   Note: the term super-channel is a placeholder until a new term is
   defined for this entity).

   o  Option A: Encode a super-channel label containing N frequency
      slots as a list of N entries in the form of (n, m) , where n is
      an integer that defines the nominal central frequency of the
      frequency slot and m is a positive integer that defines the slot
      width in accordance with the G.694.1. Other than the encoding of
      frequency slots (i.e., list of (n, m) in option A vs. list of
      (start, end) in option B) all other fields are identical in
      Option A and B.

   o  Option B: Encode super-channel label as a list of start and end
      slice numbers corresponding to N slots, each consisting of
      contiguous slices with each slot denoted by its starting and
      ending slice number (e.g., "n_start_1" and "n_end_1" represent
      contiguous slices in slot#1, "n_start 2" and "n_end 2" in slot#2,
      ..., "n_start N" and "n_end N" in slot#N).

          0                   1                   2                   3
         0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
        +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
        |      Super-Channel Id(16-bit) |Grid | S.S.  | Reserved (9-bit)|
        +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
        | Reserved (16-bit)             |  Number of Entries(16-bit)    |
        +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
        |n_start_1(contiguous slot #1)  | n_end_1(contiguous slot #1)   |
        +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
        |n_start_2(contiguous slot#2)   | n_end_2(contiguous   slot#2)  |
        +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
        |                                                               |
        |                          ...                                  |
        +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
        |n_start_N (contiguous slot#N)  |   n_end_N (contiguous slot #N |
        +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+


      Super-Channel Id: 16 bits







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      This field represents a logical identifier for a super-channel or
      split-spectrum super-channel. To disambiguate waveband switching
      and super-channel label applications, we propose to rename the
      Waveband Identifier (32-bit) as a Super-Channel Identifier (16-
      bit).

      Grid: 3 bits

      This field indicates the Grid type. The value for Grid should be
      set to xx (to be assigned by IANA) for the ITU-T flex-grid.

      +----------------+---------+
      |   Grid         |  Value  |
      +----------------+---------+
      | Reserved       |    0    |
      +----------------+---------+
      |ITU-T DWDM      |    1    |
      +----------------+---------+
      |ITU-T CWDM      |    2    |
      +----------------+---------+
      |ITU-T Flex-Grid | xx (TBD)|
      +----------------+---------+
      |Future use      |  3 - 7  |
      +----------------+---------+

      S.S. (slice spacing): 4 bits

      This field should be set to a value of 4 to indicate 12.5 GHz in
      both labels.

      +----------+---------+
      |S.S. (GHz)|  Value  |
      +----------+---------+
      | Reserved |    0    |
      +----------+---------+
      |    100   |    1    |
      +----------+---------+
      |    50    |    2    |
      +----------+---------+
      |    25    |    3    |
      +----------+---------+
      |    12.5  |    4    |
      +----------+---------+
      |Future use|  5 - 15 |
      +----------+---------+


      Number of Entries: 16-bit


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         This field represents the number of 32-bit entries in the
      super-channel label (i.e., number of slots with contiguous
      slices). For example, in the case of a super-channel with
      contiguous optical spectrum, this field should have a value of 1
      (indicating one slot of contiguous slices).

      n_start_i (i=1,2,...N): 16 bits

      n_end_i (i=1,2,...N): 16 bits

   A super-channel with contiguous spectrum or a split-spectrum super-
   channel with non-contiguous optical spectrum can be represented by N
   slots of slices where two adjacent slots can be contiguous or non-
   contiguous, however each slot contains contiguous slices. Each slot
   is denoted by n_start_i (which indicates the lowest or starting 12.5
   GHz slice number of the slot) and n_end_i (which indicates the
   highest or ending 12.5 GHz slice number of the slot). "n_start_i"
   and "n_end_i" are two's-complement integers that can take either a
   positive, negative, or zero value.

   o  Option C: Encode super-channel label as a first slice number of
      the grid (denoted as "n_start of Grid") plus the entire list of
      slices in the grid as a Bitmap

          0                   1                   2                   3
         0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
        +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
        |  Super-Channel Id (16-bit)    |Grid | S.S.  | Reserved (9-bit)|
        +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
        |n_start of Grid (16-bit)       |Num of Slices in Grid (16-bit) |
        +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
        |Bitmap Word #1(first set of 32 slices from the left most edge) |
        +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
        |Bitmap Word #2 (next set of 32 contiguous slice numbers)       |
        +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
        |                                                               |
                                  ...
        +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
         |Bitmap Word #N(last set of 32 contiguous slice numbers)       |
        +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+


      Where:

      Super-Channel Id, Grid, and S.S fields are same as described
      earlier in option B.




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      n_start of Grid: 16-bit

         This field indicates the first slice number in Grid for the
      band being referenced (i.e., the start of the left most edge of
      the Grid).

      Num of Slices in Grid: 16-bit

         This field represents the total number of slices in the band.
      The value in this field determines the number of 32-bitmap words
      required for the grid.

      Bit map (Word): 32-bit

         Each bit in the 32-bitmap word represents a particular slice
         with a value of 1 or 0 to indicate whether for that slice
         reservation is required (1) or not (0). Bit position zero in
         the first word represents the first slice in the band (Grid)
         and corresponds to the value indicated in the "n_start of
         Grid" field.

   All three options allow efficient encoding of a super-channel label
   with contiguous and non-contiguous slices. Option C yields a fixed
   length format while option A and B, a variable length format. Option
   C is relatively simpler, more flexible, however, might be less
   compact than option A and B for encoding a single super-channel with
   contiguous optical spectrum. In contrast, option A and B provide a
   very compact representation for super-channels with contiguous
   optical spectrum, however, might be less flexible in encoding split-
   spectrum super-channels with arbitrary non-contiguous set of slices.

3.2.2. LSP Encoding Type, Switching Type, and Generalized-PID (G-PID)
   in Generalized Label Request

   For requesting a super-channel label in a Generalized Label Request
   defined in section 3.1.1 of RFC3471, this document proposes to use
   LSP Encoding Type = Lambda (as defined in RFC4328), Switching Type =
   Super-Channel-Switch-Capable(SCSC) (as defined in [6]), and a new G-
   PID type = OTUadaptand a new G-PID value (similar to as defined in
   section 3.1.3 of RFC4328) to be assigned by IANA.

4. Security Considerations

   <Add any security considerations>





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5. IANA Considerations

   IANA needs to assign a new Grid field value to represent ITU-T Flex-
   Grid and a new G-PID value.

6. References

6.1. Normative References

   [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
             Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [RFC3471] Berger, L., Ed., "Generalized Multi-Protocol Label
             Switching (GMPLS) Signaling Functional Description", RFC
             3471, January 2003.

   [RFC6205] Otani, T., Ed., "Generalized Labels for Lambda-Switch-
             Capable (LSC) Label Switching Routers", RFC 6205, March
             2011.

   [RFC6163] Lee, Y., Ed., "Framework for GMPLS and Path Computation
             Element (PCE) Control of Wavelength Switched Optical
             Networks (WSONs)", RFC 6163, April 2011

6.2. Informative References

   [1]   Gringeri, S., Basch, B. Shukla,V. Egorov, R. and Tiejun J.
         Xia, "Flexible Architectures for Optical Transport Nodes and
         Networks", IEEE Communications Magazine, July 2010, pp. 40-50

   [2]   M. Jinnoet. al., "Spectrum-Efficient and Scalable Elastic
         Optical Path Network: Architecture, Benefits and Enabling
         Technologies", IEEE Comm. Mag., Nov. 2009, pp. 66-73.

   [3]   S. Chandrasekhar and X. Liu, "Terabit Super-Channels for High
         Spectral Efficiency Transmission",in Proc. ECOC 2010, paper
         Tu.3.C.5, Torino (Italy), September 2010.

   [4]   ITU-T Recommendation G.694.1, "Spectral grids for WDM
         applications: DWDM frequency grid", June 2002

   [5]   [4] "Finisar to Demonstrate Flexgrid(TM) WSS Technology at
         ECOC 2010", press release.

   [6]   Abinder D., et. al., "OSPFTE extension to support GMPLS for
         Flex Grid", draft-dhillon-ccamp-super-channel-ospfte-ext, work
         in progress, October 2011.


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   [7]   Sharfuddin S., et. al., "A Framework for control of Flex Grid
         Networks", draft-syed-ccamp-flexgrid-framework-ext, work in
         progress, March 2012.

7. Acknowledgments

   <Add any acknowledgements>










































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Appendix A.                 Super-Channel Label Format Example

   Suppose node A and Node Z are super-channel switching capable and
   node A receives a request for establishing a 1 Tbps optical LSP from
   itself to node Z. Assume the super-channel requires a "contiguous"
   spectral bandwidth of 200 GHz with left-edge frequency of 191.475
   THz for the left-most 12.5 GHz slice and left-edge frequency of
   191.6625 THz for the right-most slice. This means n_start = (191.475
   - 193.1)/0.0125 = -130 and n_end = (191.6625 - 193.1)/0.0125 = -115
   (i.e. we need 16 slices of 12.5 GHz starting from slice number -130
   and ending at slice number -115).

   Node A signals the LSP via a Path message including a super-channel
   label format encoding option B defined in section 3.3:

          0                   1                   2                   3
         0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
        +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
        |  Super-Channel Id (16-bit)    |Grid | S.S.  | Reserved (9-bit)|
        +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
        | Reserved (16-bit)             | Number of Entries (16-bit)    |
        +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
        |n_start_1 (contiguous slot #1) | n_end_1(contiguous slot#1)    |
        +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   Where:

   Super-Channel Id = 1 :super-channel number 1

   Number of Entries: 1

   Grid = xx            : ITU-T Flex-Grid

   S.S. = 4             : 12.5 GHz Slice Spacing

   n_start_1 = -130       : left-most 12.5 GHz slice number for slot 1

   n_end_1= -115         : Right-most 12.5 GHz slice number for slot 1












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Authors' Addresses

   Iftekhar Hussain
   Infinera
   140 Caspian Ct., Sunnyvale, CA 94089

   Email: ihussain@infinera.com



   Zhong Pan
   Infinera
   140 Caspian Ct., Sunnyvale, CA 94089

   Email: zpan@infinera.com


   Marco Sosa
   Infinera
   140 Caspian Ct., Sunnyvale, CA 94089

   Email: msosa@infinera.com



   BertBasch
   Verizon Communications
   60Sylvan Rd., Waltham, MA02451

   Email: bert.e.basch@verizon.com


   SteveLiu
   Verizon Communications
   60Sylvan Rd., Waltham, MA02451

   Email: steve.liu@verizon.com




   Andrew G. Malis
   Verizon Communications
   60Sylvan Rd., Waltham, MA02451

   Email: andrew.g.malis@verizon.com



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   Abinder Dhillon
   Fujitsu Network Communications
   2801 Telecom Parkway, Richardson, TX 75082

   Email: abinder.dhillon@us.fujitsu.com







Contributor's Addresses

   Rajan Rao
   Infinera
   140 Caspian Ct., Sunnyvale, CA 94089

   Email: rrao@infinera.com


   Biao Lu
   Infinera
   140 Caspian Ct., Sunnyvale, CA 94089

   Email: blu@infinera.com

   Subhendu Chattopadhyay
   Infinera
   140 Caspian Ct., Sunnyvale, CA 94089

   Email: schattopadhyay@infinera.com

   Harpreet Uppal
   Infinera
   140 Caspian Ct., Sunnyvale, CA 94089

   Email: harpreet.uppal@infinera.com











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