Internet DRAFT - draft-coffin-sacm-nea-swid-patnc

draft-coffin-sacm-nea-swid-patnc







SACM                                                           C. Coffin
Internet-Draft                                                 D. Haynes
Intended status: Standards Track                              C. Schmidt
Expires: September 8, 2016                         The MITRE Corporation
                                                     J. Fitzgerald-McKay
                                                   Department of Defense
                                                           March 7, 2016


                 SWID Message and Attributes for PA-TNC
                  draft-coffin-sacm-nea-swid-patnc-00

Abstract

   This document specifies the SWID Message and Attributes for PA-TNC.
   It extends the PA-TNC specification [RFC5792] by providing specific
   attributes and message exchanges to allow endpoints to report their
   software inventory information to a NEA server (as described in
   [RFC5209]) using SWID tags [SWID].

Status of This Memo

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   This Internet-Draft will expire on September 8, 2016.

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   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
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Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     1.1.  Scope and Audience  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     1.2.  Keywords  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
     1.3.  Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
   2.  Background  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     2.1.  Role of SWID Message and Attributes for PA-TNC  . . . . .   8
     2.2.  Supported Use Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
       2.2.1.  Use Software Inventory as a Factor in Determining
               Endpoint Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
       2.2.2.  Maintain a Central Repository Reflecting an
               Endpoint's Software Inventory . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
       2.2.3.  PA-TNC Use Cases  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
     2.3.  Non-supported Use Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
     2.4.  Specification Requirements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
     2.5.  Non-Requirements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
     2.6.  Assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
     2.7.  Non-Assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
     2.8.  Caveat Regarding Persistent Connections . . . . . . . . .  14
     2.9.  SWID Message and Attributes for PA-TNC Diagram
           Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  15
   3.  SWID Message and Attributes for PA-TNC System Requirements  .  15
     3.1.  SWID Tags as Inventory Evidence . . . . . . . . . . . . .  16
     3.2.  Basic SWID Tag Inventory Exchange . . . . . . . . . . . .  16
     3.3.  SWID Tag Identifiers  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  17
       3.3.1.  Tag Identifier Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  18
       3.3.2.  Tag Identifier Instances  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  19
       3.3.3.  Comparing Tag Identifiers and Tag Identifier
               Instances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  20
         3.3.3.1.  Matching Tag Identifiers Indicate the Same
                   Software Product  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  21
         3.3.3.2.  Matching Tag Identifiers DO NOT Necessarily
                   Indicate Identical Tag Files  . . . . . . . . . .  21
         3.3.3.3.  Matching Tag Identifier Instances MIGHT Indicate
                   Identical Tag Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  22
         3.3.3.4.  Differing Tag Identifiers DO NOT Necessarily
                   Indicate Different Software Products  . . . . . .  22
       3.3.4.  Using Tag Identifiers in SWID Attributes  . . . . . .  23
     3.4.  Targeted Requests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  23
     3.5.  Monitoring Changes in an Endpoint's SWID Tag Collection .  24
     3.6.  Reporting Change Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  26
       3.6.1.  Change Event Records  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  27
       3.6.2.  Updating Inventory Knowledge Based on Events  . . . .  28



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       3.6.3.  Using Event Records in SWID Attributes  . . . . . . .  29
       3.6.4.  Partial and Complete Lists of Event Records in SWID
               Attributes  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  29
       3.6.5.  Synchronizing Event Identifiers and Epochs  . . . . .  31
     3.7.  Supporting Multiple Instances of a Single Tag . . . . . .  33
       3.7.1.  Inventory Reporting in the Presence of Multiply-
               Instantiated Tags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  33
       3.7.2.  Event Reporting in the Presence of Multiply
               Instantiated Tags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  33
     3.8.  Subscriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  34
       3.8.1.  Establishing Subscriptions  . . . . . . . . . . . . .  34
       3.8.2.  Managing Subscriptions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  35
       3.8.3.  Terminating Subscriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  35
       3.8.4.  Subscription Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  36
       3.8.5.  Fulfilling Subscriptions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  37
         3.8.5.1.  Subscriptions Reporting Inventories . . . . . . .  39
         3.8.5.2.  Subscriptions Reporting Events  . . . . . . . . .  39
         3.8.5.3.  Targeted Subscriptions  . . . . . . . . . . . . .  40
         3.8.5.4.  No Subscription Consolidation . . . . . . . . . .  41
         3.8.5.5.  Delayed Subscription Fulfillment  . . . . . . . .  41
     3.9.  Multiple Sources of SWID Tags . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  42
     3.10. Error Handling  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  43
   4.  SWID Message and Attributes for PA-TNC Protocol . . . . . . .  45
     4.1.  PA Subtype (AKA PA-TNC Component Type)  . . . . . . . . .  45
     4.2.  PB-TNC and PA-TNC Messages  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  46
     4.3.  PA-TNC Attribute Header . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  46
     4.4.  SWID Attribute Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  47
     4.5.  SWID Attribute Exchanges  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  49
     4.6.  SWID Message and Attributes for PA-TNC Attribute
           Enumeration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  51
     4.7.  Normalization of Text Encoding  . . . . . . . . . . . . .  52
     4.8.  Request IDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  53
     4.9.  SWID Request  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  54
     4.10. SWID Tag Identifier Inventory . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  58
     4.11. SWID Tag Identifier Events  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  61
     4.12. SWID Tag Inventory  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  66
     4.13. SWID Tag Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  68
     4.14. Subscription Status Request . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  72
     4.15. Subscription Status Response  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  72
     4.16. PA-TNC Error as Used by SWID Message and Attributes for
           PA-TNC  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  74
       4.16.1.  SWID_ERROR,           SWID_SUBSCRIPTION_DENIED_ERROR
                and           SWID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID_REUSE_ERROR
                Information  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  76
       4.16.2.  SWID_RESPONSE_TOO_LARGE_ERROR Information  . . . . .  77
       4.16.3.  SWID_SUBSCRIPTION_FULFILLMENT_ERROR Information  . .  79
   5.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  80
     5.1.  Evidentiary Value of SWID Tags  . . . . . . . . . . . . .  81



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     5.2.  Integrity of the SWID Tag Collection  . . . . . . . . . .  81
     5.3.  Sensitivity of Collected Tags . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  82
     5.4.  Integrity of Endpoint Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  83
     5.5.  SWID-PC Access Permissions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  84
     5.6.  Sanitization of Tag Fields  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  84
     5.7.  Tag Library Poisoning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  85
     5.8.  PA-TNC Security Threats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  85
   6.  Privacy Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  85
   7.  Relationship to Other Specifications  . . . . . . . . . . . .  86
   8.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  86
     8.1.  Registry for PA-TNC Attribute Types . . . . . . . . . . .  87
     8.2.  Registry for PA-TNC Error Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . .  87
     8.3.  Registry for PA Subtypes  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  88
   9.  References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  88
     9.1.  Normative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  89
     9.2.  Informative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  89
   Appendix A.  Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  90
     A.1.  A Simple SWID Tag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  90
     A.2.  SWID Request Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  92
       A.2.1.  Simple Request  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  92
       A.2.2.  Subscription Request for Events . . . . . . . . . . .  93
       A.2.3.  Targeted Request  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  93
     A.3.  SWID Response Attributes  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  95
       A.3.1.  SWID Tag Identifier Events Attribute  . . . . . . . .  95
       A.3.2.  SWID Tag Inventory Attribute  . . . . . . . . . . . .  97
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  98

1.  Introduction

1.1.  Scope and Audience

   The Network Endpoint Assessment (NEA) Working Group defines an open
   solution architecture that enables network operators to collect and
   utilize information about endpoint configuration and state.  This
   information can be used to enforce policies, monitor endpoint health,
   and for many other activities.  Information about the software
   present on an endpoint is an important consideration for such
   activities.  Software Identification tags (SWID tags) [SWID] are
   formatted records (usually XML documents) that identify a specific
   software product.  In this case, a "software product" can be a
   distinct release of some piece of software, such as an operating
   system, web browser, etc.; a patch or plug-in for such an
   application; or a suite of such applications.  The SWID specification
   describes the format of these documents as well as rules governing
   their use on computer systems.  In particular, software that supports
   SWID tags is expected to deposit an identifying tag on the endpoint
   when the software is installed, modify or replace the tag as the
   software is updated, and delete the tag when the software is



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   uninstalled.  SWID tags can also be created and managed by third-
   party tools or by local enterprises, allowing for tags to indicate
   the presence of software even when that software's manufacturer has
   not included SWID support.  As such, by collecting a list of tags on
   an endpoint, one receives evidence as to the software present on that
   endpoint.  The attributes defined in this document are used to
   communicate software inventory evidence, in the form of SWID tags,
   between the posture collector and posture validator using the PA-TNC
   interface, as shown in Figure 1 below.


       +-------------+                          +--------------+
       |  Posture    |   <--------PA-------->   |   Posture    |
       |  Collectors |                          |   Validators |
       |  (1 .. N)   |                          |   (1 .. N)   |
       +-------------+                          +--------------+
             |                                         |
             | IF-IMC                                  | IF-IMV
             |                                         |
       +-------------+                          +--------------+
       |   Posture   |                          |   Posture    |
       |   Broker    |   <--------PB-------->   |   Broker     |
       |   Client    |                          |   Server     |
       +-------------+                          +--------------+
             |                                         |
             |                                         |
       +-------------+                          +--------------+
       |   Posture   |                          |   Posture    |
       |   Transport |   <--------PT-------->   |   Transport  |
       |   Client    |                          |   Server     |
       |   (1 .. N)  |                          |   (1 .. N)   |
       +-------------+                          +--------------+
          NEA CLIENT                               NEA SERVER


                       Figure 1: NEA Reference Model

   The use of standard protocols and formats for conveying evidence
   about endpoint state (in this case, endpoint inventory information)
   has a number of benefits.  The use of standard protocols and formats
   facilitates interoperability between products developed by different
   vendors.  This allows consumers to select the product that has
   features that best fit with the needs of their environment, with the
   expectation that it will be able to interoperate with other parts of
   their infrastructure (at least with regard to the aforementioned
   protocols and formats).  In addition, because a standard is expected
   to be implemented by multiple independent parties, this means that
   the standard protocols and formats receive more review than might be



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   expected in a proprietary solution.  When the standard is managed by
   a group that is responsive to feedback from such implementers, as is
   the case with the IETF, this can lead to improvements in efficiency
   and security of those protocols and formats.  For these reasons, a
   standard means of conveying endpoint inventory information such as
   the one described in this document provides significant value to
   users.  Vendors benefit from utilizing SWIDs to serve as evidence of
   software inventory because it reduces their need to develop remote
   software inventory tools for the increasing variety of endpoint
   platforms.  If those endpoints support SWID Message and Attributes
   for PA-TNC, vendors can use these protocols to gather software
   inventory information remotely.

   This specification defines a new set of PA-TNC attributes, carried
   over PA-TNC messages, which are used to communicate requests for SWID
   tags and events surrounding those tags, and for conveying that
   information back to a NEA Server.

   Possession of a list of an endpoint's SWID tags is very useful in
   understanding and maintaining the security state of an enterprise.
   For example, if an enterprise policy requires the presence of certain
   pieces of software and/or prohibits the presence of other software,
   SWID tags can be used to indicate compliance or non-compliance with
   these requirements.  SWID tags indicating software presence and the
   patch level of that software can be compared to vulnerability or
   threat alerts to determine an endpoint's exposure to attack.  SWID
   tags provide a great deal of information about unfamiliar software
   products, including the software author and potentially including
   where the software is installed on the endpoint and what files on the
   endpoint are associated with this installed software.  All of these
   uses make an understanding of an endpoint's SWID tag collection
   highly useful to NEA Servers and other enterprise security
   applications.

   Before reading this specification any further, the reader should
   review and understand the NEA reference architecture as described in
   the Network Endpoint Assessment (NEA): Overview and Requirements
   [RFC5209].  The reader should also understand the capabilities and
   requirements common to PA-TNC interfaces as defined in RFC 5792
   [RFC5792].

   In addition, this document relies upon features in the Trusted
   Computing Group's Trusted Network Communications (TNC) IF-IMC 1.3
   [IF-IMC] and IF-IMV 1.4 [IF-IMV] specifications.  These
   specifications describe standard interfaces and requirements for the
   interoperation between TNC IMCs and TNC Clients, and between TNC IMVs
   and TNC Servers.  The TNC and NEA architectures are interoperable and
   the following components are equivalent:



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     +---------------------------------------+-----------------------+
     | TNC Component                         | NEA Component         |
     +---------------------------------------+-----------------------+
     | Integrity Measurement Verifier (IMV)  | Posture Validator     |
     | Integrity Measurement Collector (IMC) | Posture Collector     |
     | TNC Server (TNCS)                     | Posture Broker Server |
     | TNC Client (TNCC)                     | Posture Broker Client |
     +---------------------------------------+-----------------------+

        Table 1: Equivalent components in TNC and NEA architectures

   As a result, the IF-IMC specification effectively standardizes an
   interface between a Posture Collector and the Posture Broker Client,
   while the IF-IMV specification effectively standardize an interface
   between a Posture Validator and a Posture Broker Server.  However, as
   there is currently no NEA equivalent for IF-IMC or IF-IMV, the names
   for these specifications as well as the names of functions and data
   structures that appear in those specifications uses TNC rather than
   NEA terminology.  Readers should be aware of the functional
   equivalence of the TNC and NEA terms.

   If the reader is building a posture collector that supports PA-TNC,
   the reader is encouraged to read the TNC IF-IMC Specification prior
   to reading this specification.  If the reader is building a posture
   validator that supports IF-IMV, the reader is encouraged to read the
   TNC IF-IMV Specification prior to reading this specification.

1.2.  Keywords

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   specification are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119
   [RFC2119].  This specification does not distinguish blocks of
   informative comments and normative requirements.  Therefore, for the
   sake of clarity, note that lower case instances of must, should, etc.
   do not indicate normative requirements.

1.3.  Definitions

   This section defines terms with special meaning within this document.

   SWID-PC - A Posture Collector (PC) that conforms to this
   specification.  Note that such a posture collector might also support
   other PA-TNC exchanges beyond SWID Message and Attributes for PA-TNC.

   SWID-PV - A Posture Validator (PV) that conforms to this
   specification.  Note that such a posture verifier might also support
   other PA-TNC exchanges beyond SWID Message and Attributes for PA-TNC.



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   Endpoint's SWID Tag Collection - The set of SWID tags installed and
   managed on an endpoint for software installed on that endpoint.  An
   endpoint's SWID tag collection might include SWID tags from multiple
   sources, including but not limited to SWID tag files deposited on the
   file system during software installation, SWID tags generated to
   report output from software discovery tools, and SWID tags
   dynamically generated by a software or package management system on
   an endpoint.

2.  Background

2.1.  Role of SWID Message and Attributes for PA-TNC

   The International Organization for Standardization and the
   International Electrotechnical Commission (ISO/IEC) published the
   specification governing SWID tag construction and use in 2009.
   [SWID] Since that time, a growing number of vendors have integrated
   SWID tags into their software products.  Doing so significantly
   simplifies the task of identifying these pieces of software: instead
   of relying on discovery processes that look for clues as to software
   presence, such as the presence of particular files or registry keys,
   a readily available list of SWID tags provides simple and immediate
   evidence as to the presence of the given piece of software.

   SWID tags can also be useful even when a piece of software does not
   supply the tags itself.  Discovery processes are permitted to express
   their findings using SWID tags, place these in the endpoint's SWID
   tag collection, and maintain them like vendor-created SWID tags.
   This means that an endpoint's SWID tag collection is not necessarily
   limited to containing SWID tags for software whose authors have taken
   the time to integrate SWID maintenance into their installation and
   update processes.  Similarly, software and package managers on an
   endpoint (such as RPM and YUM) keep records of installed software,
   and these records can be exported as a series of SWID tags, allowing
   these managers to expose their information about software inventories
   in a standards-based manner.  Finally, for organizations that
   centrally manage the distribution of software, in-house-developed
   SWID tags can be added to any software product that does not natively
   support SWID tags allowing the organization to accurately identify
   any software it has distributed.

   The NEA Server needs access to this inventory evidence if it is to
   use this information to assess endpoint compliance with policy.  The
   SWID Message and Attributes for PA-TNC specification has been created
   for this purpose.  Specifically, the attributes defined in this
   specification allow a Posture Validator to request evidence of an
   endpoint's inventory in the form of SWID tags and allow the Posture
   Collector to respond with the appropriate information.



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   It is not necessary to understand the details of SWID tag
   construction and maintenance to understand the behaviors described in
   the SWID Message and Attributes for PA-TNC specification, and it is
   beyond the scope of this specification to discuss the details of the
   SWID standard.  Implementers, however, will likely need to be
   familiar with the SWID tag format and how to locate tags on an
   endpoint.  The SWID specification is available from ISO/IEC at
   http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=53670.  The XML
   schema for a SWID tag file is available from ISO:
   http://standards.iso.org/iso/19770/-2/2009/schema.xsd.  The most
   current working and production versions of the XML schema for SWID
   tags can be found in the directory listing at
   http://standards.iso.org/iso/19770/-2/. The US National Institute of
   Standards and Technology (NIST) also has published guidelines for
   SWID tag creation, which provide further guidance for those
   interested in the use and best practices surrounding SWID tags.
   [NIST-SWID]

2.2.  Supported Use Cases

   This section describes the SWID Message and Attributes for PA-TNC use
   cases supported by this specification.  The primary use of exchanging
   SWID tag information over the PA-TNC interface is to enable a
   challenger (e.g.  NEA Server) to obtain inventory evidence about some
   system in a way that conforms to NEA procedures while taking
   advantage of the simplicity and precision of SWID tags.  Collected
   SWID tags can support a range of security activities including
   determining whether an endpoint is permitted to connect to the
   enterprise, determining which endpoints contain software that
   requires patching, and similar activities.

2.2.1.  Use Software Inventory as a Factor in Determining Endpoint
        Access

   Some enterprises might define security policies that require
   connected endpoints to have certain pieces of security software
   installed.  By contrast, some security policies might prevent access
   by endpoints that have certain prohibited pieces of software
   installed, such as applications that pose known security risks.  To
   support such policies, the NEA Server needs to collect evidence
   indicating the software inventory of an endpoint that is seeking to
   initiate or continue connectivity to the enterprise.

   SWID Message and Attributes for PA-TNC facilitates policy decisions
   that consider an endpoint's software inventory by providing the NEA
   Server with a list of the SWID tags in the endpoint's SWID tag
   collection.  The tags in this collection serve as evidence as to the
   endpoint's installed software.  The SWID-PC can provide a complete or



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   partial list of tags to the SWID-PV as required to determine policy
   compliance.  The SWID-PV can then use this as evidence of compliance
   or non-compliance with enterprise policy.

2.2.2.  Maintain a Central Repository Reflecting an Endpoint's Software
        Inventory

   Many tools can use information about an endpoint's software inventory
   to monitor and enforce the security of an enterprise.  For example, a
   software patching service can use an endpoint's software inventory to
   determine whether certain endpoints have software that requires
   patching.  A vulnerability management tool might identify endpoints
   with known vulnerabilities (patched or otherwise) and use this to
   gauge enterprise exposure to attack.  A license management tool might
   verify that all copies of a particular piece of software are
   accounted for within the enterprise.  The presence of a central
   repository representing a real-time understanding of each endpoint's
   software inventory facilitates all such activities.  Using a central
   repository that can ensure the freshness of its collected information
   is generally more efficient than having each tool collect the same
   inventory information from each endpoint individually and leads to a
   more consistent understanding of enterprise state.

   SWID Message and Attributes for PA-TNC supports this activity through
   a number of mechanisms.  As noted above, it allows a SWID-PC to
   provide a complete list of the tags present in an endpoint's SWID tag
   collection to the SWID-PV, which can then pass this information on to
   a central repository such as a Configuration Management Database
   (CMDB) or similar application.  In addition, SWID-PCs are required to
   be able to monitor for changes to an endpoint's SWID tag collection
   in near real-time and push reports of changes to the SWID-PV as soon
   as those changes are detected.  Thus any central repository fed by a
   SWID-PV receiving such information can be updated soon after the
   change occurs.  Keeping such a central repository synchronized with
   the state of each endpoint's SWID tag collection allows tools that
   use this information for their own security activities to make
   decisions in a consistent, efficient manner.

2.2.3.  PA-TNC Use Cases

   SWID Message and Attributes for PA-TNC are intended to operate over
   the PA-TNC interface and, as such, are intended to meet the use cases
   set out in the PA-TNC specification.








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2.3.  Non-supported Use Cases

   Some use cases not covered by this version of SWID Message and
   Attributes for PA-TNC include:

   o  This specification does not address how the endpoint's SWID tag
      collection is populated.  In particular, NEA components are not
      expected to perform software discovery activities beyond compiling
      the tags in an endpoint's SWID tag collection.  This collection
      might potentially come from multiple sources on the endpoint
      (e.g., SWID tags generated dynamically by package management tools
      or discovery tools, as well as SWID tag files discovered on the
      file system).  While an enterprise might make use of software
      discovery procedures to identify installed software, especially
      software that does not install or manage its own SWID tag, such
      procedures are outside the scope of this specification.

   o  This specification does not address converting inventory
      information expressed in a proprietary format into the SWID tag
      format or converting a SWID tag into a proprietary format.
      Instead, it focuses exclusively on defining interfaces for the
      transportation of SWID tags in the expectation that this is the
      format around which reporting tools will converge.

   o  This specification provides no mechanisms for a posture validator
      to request a specific list of tags based on arbitrary tag
      properties from the endpoint.  For example, requesting only tags
      representing software from a particular vendor is not supported.
      After the endpoint's SWID tag collection has been copied to some
      central location, such as the CMDB, processes there can perform
      queries based on any criteria present in the collected SWID tags,
      but this specification does not address using such queries to
      constrain the initial collection of this information from the
      endpoint.

   o  This specification does not address utilization of certain SWID
      tag fields designed to facilitate local tests (i.e., on the
      endpoint) of endpoint state.  For example, the optional
      package_footprint field of a SWID tag can contain a list of files
      and hash values associated with the software indicated by the tag.
      Tools on the endpoint can use the values in this field to test for
      the presence of the indicated files.  Successful evaluation of
      such tests leads to greater assurance that the indicated software
      is present on the endpoint.  Currently, most SWID tag creators do
      not provide values for tag fields that support local testing.  For
      this reason, the added complexity of supporting endpoint testing
      using these fields is out of scope for this specification.  Future
      versions of this specification might add support for such testing.



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2.4.  Specification Requirements

   Below are the requirements that the SWID Message and Attributes for
   PA-TNC specification is required to meet in order to successfully
   play its role in the NEA architecture.

   o  Efficient

   The NEA architecture enables delay of network access until the
   endpoint is determined not to pose a security threat to the network
   based on its asserted integrity information.  To minimize user
   frustration, the SWID Message and Attributes for PA-TNC ought to
   minimize overhead delays and make PA-TNC communications as rapid and
   efficient as possible.

   Efficiency is also important when one considers that some network
   endpoints are small and low powered, some networks are low bandwidth
   and/or high latency, and some transport protocols (such as PT-EAP,
   Posture Transport (PT) Protocol for Extensible Authentication
   Protocol (EAP) Tunnel Methods [RFC7171]) or their underlying carrier
   protocol might allow only one packet in flight at a time or only one
   roundtrip.  However, when the underlying PT protocol imposes fewer
   constraints on communications, this protocol ought to be capable of
   taking advantage of more robust communication channels (e.g. using
   larger messages or multiple roundtrips).

   o  Loosely Coupled to the SWID Specification

   Because the SWID specification is managed by ISO/IEC, the IETF has no
   direct influence over this specification or any revisions made to it.
   For this reason, the SWID Message and Attributes for PA-TNC
   specification ought to minimize its requirements and assumptions with
   regard to the structure and content of the SWID tags.  While some
   level of visibility into tag contents is required for certain
   features of this specification, minimization of such dependencies is
   necessary to improve compatibility with future revisions of the SWID
   specification.

   o  Scalable

   SWID Message and Attributes for PA-TNC needs to be usable in
   enterprises that contain tens of thousands of endpoints or more.  As
   such, it needs to allow a security tools to make decisions based on
   up-to-date information about an endpoint's software inventory without
   creating an excessive burden on the enterprise's network.

   o  Interoperable




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   This specification defines the protocol for how PCs and PVs can
   exchange and use SWID tags to provide a NEA Server with information
   about an endpoint's software inventory.  Therefore a key goal for
   this specification is ensuring that all SWID PCs and PVs, regardless
   of the vendor who created them, are able to interoperate in their
   performance of these duties.

   o  Support precise and complete historical reporting

   This specification is expected to outline capabilities that support
   real-time understanding of the state of endpoint in a network in a
   way that can be used by other tools.  One means of facilitating such
   an outcome is for a Configuration Management Database (CMDB) to be
   able to contain information about all endpoints connected to the
   enterprise for all points in time between the endpoint's first
   connection and the present.  In such a scenario, it is necessary that
   any PC be able to report any changes to its SWID tag collection in
   near real-time while connected and, upon reconnection to the
   enterprise, be able to update the NEA Server (and through it the
   CMDB) with regard to the state of its SWID tag collection throughout
   the entire interval when it was not connected.

2.5.  Non-Requirements

   There are certain requirements that the SWID Message and Attributes
   for PA-TNC specification explicitly is not required to meet.  This
   list is not exhaustive.

   o  End to End Confidentiality

   SWID tags have no inherent mechanism for confidentiality, nor is this
   property automatically provided by PA-TNC interface use.
   Confidentiality is generally provided by the underlying transport
   protocols, such as the PT Binding to TLS [RFC6876] or PT-EAP Posture
   Transport for Tunneled EAP Methods [RFC7171] - see Section 7 for more
   information on related standards.  Should users wish confidentiality
   protection of assessment instructions or results, this needs to be
   provided by parts of the NEA architecture other than this
   specification.

2.6.  Assumptions

   Here are the assumptions that SWID Message and Attributes for PA-TNC
   makes about other components in the NEA architecture.

   o  Reliable Message Delivery





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   The Posture Broker Client and Posture Broker Server are assumed to
   provide reliable delivery for PA-TNC messages and therefore the SWID
   Attributes sent between the SWID PCs and the PVs.  In the event that
   reliable delivery cannot be provided, the Posture Collector or
   Posture Validator is expected to terminate the connection.

2.7.  Non-Assumptions

   The SWID Message and Attributes for PA-TNC specification explicitly
   does not assume:

   o  Authenticity and Accuracy of SWID tags with Regard to Endpoint
      Inventory

   This specification makes no assumption as to whether the SWID tags
   that it reports are authentic tags (rather than maliciously
   generated) or that these tags correctly reflect software state on the
   endpoint.  This specification does not attempt to detect when the
   endpoint is providing false information, either through malice or
   error, but instead focuses on correctly and reliably providing the
   existing SWID tags to the NEA Server.  Similarly, this specification
   makes no assumption with regard to the completeness of the SWID tag
   collection's coverage of the total set of software installed on the
   endpoint.  It is possible, and even likely, that some installed
   software is not represented by a tag in an endpoints SWID tag
   collection.  See Section 5 for more on this security consideration.

2.8.  Caveat Regarding Persistent Connections

   One of the features defined in this specification describes the
   ability for SWID-PCs to monitor the state of their endpoint's SWID
   tag collection and, when changes are detected, to push updates to the
   SWID-PV without the SWID-PV sending a request.  (This feature is
   described in more detail in Section 3.8.)  This capability is tied to
   the SWID-PC's ability to initiate an Integrity Check Handshake (as
   described in section 2.10.1 of the IF-IMC 1.3 specification
   [IF-IMC]), which in turn is only possible if there is an active
   connection with a valid connection ID (as described in section 2.10.2
   of the IF-IMC 1.3 specification).

   The other specifications of the NEA architecture do not require
   endpoints to maintain active connections outside of an Integrity
   Check Handshake.  While implementers are allowed to maintain
   connections outside of an Integrity Check Handshake (and there are
   advantages to doing so), maintaining open connections also consumes
   resources on both the endpoint and the NEA Server, so some
   implementers may choose to close connections as soon as a handshake
   completes.  Moreover, for devices with intermittent connectivity



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   (such as mobile phones), maintaining an active, ongoing connection
   may be impractical.

   This specification requires that all SWID-PCs and SWID-PVs support
   subscriptions.  However, for the reasons noted above, subscriptions
   may not be practical in all environments where SWID-PCs and SWID-PVs
   are deployed.  Parties deploying SWID-PCs and SWID-PVs as part of
   their enterprise protection strategy are encouraged to understand the
   limits of specific devices and their NEA architecture as a whole.  In
   some cases, while other features of the SWID Message and Attributes
   for PA-TNC specification may be employed, the use of subscriptions
   may be limited or impractical without additional infrastructure
   changes.

2.9.  SWID Message and Attributes for PA-TNC Diagram Conventions

   This specification defines the syntax of the SWID Message and
   Attributes for PA-TNC using diagrams.  Each diagram depicts the
   format and size of each field in bits.  Implementations MUST send the
   bits in each diagram as they are shown from left to right for each
   32-bit quantity traversing the diagram from top to bottom.  Multi-
   octet fields representing numeric values MUST be sent in network (big
   endian) byte order.

   Descriptions of bit fields (e.g. flags) values refer to the position
   of the bit within the field.  These bit positions are numbered from
   the most significant bit through the least significant bit.  As such,
   an octet with only bit 0 set would have a value of 0x80 (1000 0000),
   an octet with only bit 1 set would have a value of 0x40 (0100 0000),
   and an octet with only bit 7 set would have a value of 0x01 (0000
   0001).

3.  SWID Message and Attributes for PA-TNC System Requirements

   The SWID Message and Attributes for PA-TNC specification facilitates
   the exchange of SWID tag inventories and event information.
   Specifically, each application supporting SWID Message and Attributes
   for PA-TNC includes a component known as the SWID-PC that receives
   messages sent with the SWID Attributes component type.  The SWID-PC
   is also responsible for sending appropriate SWID Attributes back to
   the SWID-PV in response.  Similarly, the SWID-PV exists on a NEA
   Server and is responsible for interpreting responses, forwarding
   information to a CMDB if desired, and making policy decisions based
   upon the received information.  This section outlines what a SWID tag
   inventory is, important features of tags used by this specification,
   and the requirements on SWID-PCs and SWID-PVs in order to support the
   stated use cases of this specification.




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3.1.  SWID Tags as Inventory Evidence

   As noted in Section 2.1, SWID tags are intended to be open, easily
   accessible evidence indicating the presence of a particular piece of
   software on an endpoint.  A SWID tag contains multiple fields
   intended to uniquely identify a single software product.  Ideally, a
   SWID tag is managed by the software that installs, modifies,
   replaces, amends (e.g. patches, updates), and/or uninstalls the
   product.  Discovery processes, software package managers, and other
   tools can also create and manage tags as a way to represent software
   that they discover or manage on the endpoint.

   It is important to note that, even in the ideal cases where a product
   manages its own SWID tag, a tag is inherently distinct from the
   product that it identifies.  For this reason, a SWID tag needs to be
   treated as evidence of software presence, but cannot be treated as
   proof of software presence.  That noted, a standardized
   representation of evidence indicative of an endpoint's software
   inventory is a powerful tool in managing software within an
   enterprise.

3.2.  Basic SWID Tag Inventory Exchange

   In the most basic exchange supported by this specification, a SWID-PV
   sends a request to the SWID-PC requesting a copy of all the SWID tags
   in the endpoint's SWID tag collection.  This simple exchange is shown
   in Figure 2.


       +-------------+                          +--------------+
       |  SWID-PC    |                          |   SWID-PV    |  Time
       +-------------+                          +--------------+   |
             |                                         |           |
             |<-------------SWID Request---------------|           |
             |                                         |           |
             |--------------SWID Response------------->|           |
             |                                         |           V


                   Figure 2: Basic SWID Message Exchange

   Upon receiving such a SWID Request from the SWID-PV, the SWID-PC is
   expected to locate the endpoint's SWID tags and then create copies of
   all identified SWID tags and place them within its response
   attribute.

   SWID-PVs MUST discard without error any SWID Response attributes that
   they receive for which they do not know the SWID Request parameters



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   that led to this SWID Response.  This is due to the fact that the
   SWID Request includes parameters that control the nature of the
   response (as will be described in the following sections) and without
   knowing those parameters the SWID Response cannot be reliably
   interpreted.  Most often receiving an unsolicited SWID Response
   attribute happens when a NEA Server has multiple SWID-PVs; one SWID-
   PV sends a SWID Request but, unless exclusive delivery is used by the
   SWID-PC in sending the response, both SWID-PVs receive copies of the
   resulting SWID Response.  In this case, the SWID-PV that didn't send
   the SWID Request would lack the context necessary to correctly
   interpret the SWID Response it received and would simply discard it.
   Note, however, that proprietary measures might allow a SWID-PV to
   discover the SWID Request parameters for a SWID Response even if that
   SWID-PV did not send the given SWID Request.  As such, there is no
   blanket requirement for a SWID-PV to discard all SWID Responses to
   SWID Request the SWID-PV did not generate itself, only that SWID-PVs
   are required to discard SWID Responses for which they cannot get the
   necessary context to interpret.

   In the case that it is possible to do so, the SWID-PC MAY send its
   SWID Response attribute to the SWID-PV that requested it using
   exclusive delivery as described in section 3.3.2.2 of the IF-IMV r1.4
   specification.  Exclusive delivery ensures that only the sender of
   the SWID Request receives the resulting SWID Response.  However,
   exclusive delivery is not always possible (it requires the use of IF-
   IMC 1.3 or later and IF-IMV 1.3 or later, and not all products
   currently do this) or necessarily desirable in all cases.  As such,
   SWID Message and Attributes for PA-TNC does not require support for
   exclusive delivery of attributes.

3.3.  SWID Tag Identifiers

   SWID tags can contain a great deal of information about a software
   product.  In addition to identifying name, manufacturer, and version
   of a software product, SWID tags might contain references to related
   products, associated files and libraries, dependencies on other
   software, and many other details.  Moreover, SWID tags might be
   customized on the endpoint to indicate when the SWID tag was last
   checked for accuracy relative to the endpoint's installed software
   and other information about how the software was received.  (This
   document refers to this customized information as
   "installationspecific" tag information.)  For this reason, actual
   possession of a SWID tag can be useful for reasoning about details of
   an endpoint's software inventory.  However, a SWID tag file that
   contains all optional fields might be tens of KB in size.  This means
   that an endpoint's full SWID inventory, encompassing hundreds of
   applications, can be quite large.




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   If bandwidth is a concern within an enterprise, there is a way to
   identify a SWID tag without needing the complete tag.  All tags
   contain specific fields that can be used to distinguish a tag for a
   particular piece of software from tags for different pieces of
   software.  The Tag Creator RegID is a string that uniquely identifies
   the creator of this SWID tag (who might or might not be the same as
   the entity who created the described software) while the Unique ID is
   a string that uniquely identifies the described piece of software
   according to that tag creator.  These two pieces of information
   together create a "tag identifier".

3.3.1.  Tag Identifier Data

   Some attributes defined in this specification contain fields to hold
   tag identifiers rather than whole tags.  When populating these
   fields, both the Tag Creator RegID and the Unique ID values MUST be
   copies of the values of fields within the SWID tag that is being
   identified.  The specific fields of a SWID tag that correspond to the
   Tag Creator RegID and Unique ID values vary between the different
   releases of the ISO SWID tag specification.  It is important to note
   that, in all other parts of this specification, the terms Tag Creator
   RegID and Unique ID refer to the general field values defined above
   rather to any term used in any specific release of the ISO SWID tag
   specification.

   To identify the SWID tag field corresponding to the Tag Creator
   RegID, identify the field containing the regid value of the entity
   that created the given SWID tag.  Note that this might not be the
   same entity that created the software.  The Tag Creator RegID MUST be
   the regid, rather than any prose name that might be associated with
   the tag creator.  The specific structure of a regid is defined in the
   ISO/IEC SWID specification.

   To identify the SWID tag field corresponding to the Unique ID, find
   the field that contains a string that uniquely identifies a specific
   product, version, edition, revision, etc. of a piece of software.
   Note that this is a single field within the SWID tag, rather than a
   concatenation of multiple fields.  In particular, SWID tags often
   contain designated fields for just the product name, product version,
   product edition, etc., but these fields are not used to populate the
   Unique ID.  Instead, look for a single field that is designed to
   uniquely identify a specific software product, version, etc. (and
   thus uniquely identifies a specific tag, at least according to the
   tag's creator).

   Consult the ISO/IEC specification for the specific fields that
   correspond to the requirements of the Tag Creator RegID and Unique
   ID, as defined above.  For example, in the 2009 version of the ISO/



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   IEC SWID specification [SWID], the Tag Creator RegID corresponds to
   the value of the software_identification_tag/software_id/
   tag_creator_regid field in a SWID tag.  The Unique ID corresponds to
   the value of the software_identification_tag/software_id/unique_id
   field in a SWID tag.  In subsequent releases of the ISO/IEC SWID
   specification, different fields might be used to convey the same
   information.

3.3.2.  Tag Identifier Instances

   A tag identifier (i.e., the combination of the Tag Creator RegID and
   the Unique ID fields) uniquely identifies a particular SWID tag,
   which corresponds to a single software product.  Assuming that this
   product manages its own SWID tag (i.e., creates the tag on
   installation and deletes the tag when the product is uninstalled)
   then every system with an instance of this software product installed
   would also have a copy of this same SWID tag file with the same tag
   identifier field values.  (Presence of SWID tags managed by other
   tools, such as discovery tools, would also depend on the presence of
   those tools on the device.)  In fact, if multiple instances of the
   same software product are installed on a single device (i.e., it has
   been installed twice in different locations) that device would have
   two instances of the same SWID tag, one for each installation.  Both
   instances of the SWID tag would have the same tag identifier field
   values.  This is true even though the tags themselves might differ
   with regard to their installation-specific tag fields.  In many cases
   it is important to distinguish between instances of a particular tag
   on a particular endpoint.  For example, if one is alerted to the
   deletion of a particular SWID tag and there are multiple instances of
   that SWID tag on the endpoint, one will likely wish to know which
   instance was deleted.

   Individual instances of SWID tags are distinguished by providing an
   "Instance ID" value along with the tag identifier.  An Instance ID is
   a string that is uniquely associated with a particular instance of a
   SWID tag on a particular endpoint.  The exact nature of the Instance
   ID depends on the source of the SWID tag.  If the SWID tag is
   represented as a file on disk, the Instance ID might be the full path
   of the SWID tag file, including the name of the SWID tag file itself.
   (Note that the SWID tag filename MUST be included in the tag file
   path because it is possible for two SWID tags, each for different
   instances of the same software product, to co-exist in the same
   directory under different file names.)  In the case that the SWID tag
   is dynamically generated upon request by some source, such as an RPM
   or YUM package manager, the generation process MUST create an
   Instance ID to distinguish instances of a particular tag.  Inclusion
   of this Instance ID ensures each tag is uniquely identified on a
   given endpoint.



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   To the extent that it is possible, the generation of Instance IDs
   SHOULD be repeatable for a single installation of a single SWID tag.
   In the case where a product is installed once, and then SWID tags are
   generated upon request, each time the SWID tag is generated the tag
   identifier instance SHOULD all have the same Instance ID value.  For
   example, if a package manager generates a SWID tag in response to a
   request based on some record it possesses, and then later generates
   the SWID tag again based on the same record of package installation,
   then the same Instance ID value SHOULD be created both times.  This
   is necessary to allow remote parties to understand whether a reported
   SWID tag instance is for the same product installation they saw
   reported earlier or if it represents a new installation of the same
   product.  Note, however, that some exceptional situations might
   result in the changing of a product's Instance ID.  For example, it
   is not explicitly prohibited by the SWID specification for tags to
   move after installation, and thus have their tag file path change.
   If the file path was used as the tag's Instance ID, subsequent tag
   identifier instances for that same product might appear to be
   different.  Implementers and users need to be aware of this
   possibility.

   The combination of a tag identifier with an Instance ID is referred
   to as a "tag identifier instance".  A tag identifier instance
   uniquely identifies a particular instance of a particular tag on a
   given endpoint.  Note that two endpoints might produce identical tag
   identifier instances, but these do not mean that the tag files on the
   two endpoints are identical - the tags in question indicate the same
   software product on both endpoints (since the respective tag
   identifiers are identical), but the tags might still differ in their
   installation-specific fields.  Therefore, it is important to remember
   that tag identifier instances are only comparable in the scope of a
   single endpoint; when comparing across different endpoints, only the
   tag identifier fields (Tag Create RegID and Unique ID) can be
   meaningfully compared - any Instance ID value will need to be
   excluded from comparison.

3.3.3.  Comparing Tag Identifiers and Tag Identifier Instances

   Comparison of tag identifiers can be used to determine whether a
   particular SWID tag is present in an endpoint's SWID tag collection.
   A pair of SWID tag identifiers is said to "match" if their Tag
   Creator RegID and Unique ID fields are identical.  Similarly, a pair
   of tag identifier instances is said to match if their Tag Creator
   RegID, Unique ID, and Instance ID fields are identical.  Fields in
   SWID Message and Attributes for PA-TNC attributes that contain tag
   identifiers or tag identifier instances MUST always be normalized to
   Network Unicode, so comparison between values transported in
   attributes can be a simple string comparison.  When comparing tag



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   identifiers and tag identifier instances from attributes with the
   corresponding values from other sources (such as when comparing them
   to a full SWID tag file or similar record), the relevant fields from
   the latter need to undergo normalization prior to comparison.  See
   Section 4.7 for more on normalization of the encoding for these
   fields.  Comparisons are case-sensitive.

   Matching tag identifiers and tag identifier instances indicate very
   specific things about the respective tags.  The following sections
   describe what one can and cannot deduce based on matching tag
   identifiers.

3.3.3.1.  Matching Tag Identifiers Indicate the Same Software Product

   The Unique ID value of a tag identifier represents a value that the
   given tag creator will only use to indicate a particular software
   product (e.g., a particular release of a particular application).
   The ISO SWID specification prohibits the tag creator from associating
   a Unique ID value with multiple, different software products.  At the
   same time, the Tag Creator RegID element value uniquely identifies a
   given tag creator.  As such, even if two different tag creators were
   to assign the same Unique ID value to two different software
   products, the Tag Creator RegID values will be different, and
   therefore the tag identifiers will be different.  For these reasons,
   the expectation is that if one sees two tags with the same tag
   identifiers, these tags are both associated with the same software
   product (assuming the tag's fields are correctly populated).

3.3.3.2.  Matching Tag Identifiers DO NOT Necessarily Indicate Identical
          Tag Files

   Some optional fields in SWID tags can reflect installation-specific
   information.  As such, the SWID tags for a piece of software residing
   on two different endpoints (or installed twice on a single endpoint)
   will have the same tag identifier value (same tag creator with the
   same Unique ID for the same software product) but might contain
   different information in their installation-specific fields.  For
   this reason, one cannot assume that just because two endpoints
   provide the same tag identifier value for their software inventories,
   that the tags on those endpoints are identical in all their fields
   (although one can deduce that the same software product was present
   on both endpoints).

   Informative note: Initial drafts of the revised ISO SWID
   specification indicate that modification of SWID tags might no longer
   be permitted by parties other than the original tag creator (usually
   the vendor of the software identified by the tag).  If this becomes
   part of the revised SWID specification, then for SWID tags that



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   conform to this revised specification, this will mean that matching
   tag identifiers do imply identical tag files.

3.3.3.3.  Matching Tag Identifier Instances MIGHT Indicate Identical Tag
          Files

   For a single endpoint, matching tag identifier instance values might
   indicate identical tag files, at least within a narrow time window.
   Tag identifier instance values are unique to a specific SWID tag
   record on that particular endpoint at a particular point in time.
   The Instance ID in the tag identifier instance information ought to
   be unique relative to any other instances of the same SWID tag
   currently also on that endpoint.  However, tag identifier instances
   are still not guaranteed to be unique to a single SWID tag file over
   a long period of time.  Consider a piece of software that is
   installed (adding a SWID tag), uninstalled (removing the SWID tag),
   and then reinstalled (adding that SWID tag back but with a different
   installation-specific field values).  It is possible that the two
   SWID tag files, present at different points in time, might have
   identical tag identifier instance values even though the tag files
   themselves were different.

   As noted above, SWID tag identifier instances are only comparable
   within the context of a single endpoint.  When SWID tag identifier
   instances are collected from multiple endpoints and then compared,
   the Instance ID MUST be ignored in any comparison of tag identifiers
   from different endpoints.

3.3.3.4.  Differing Tag Identifiers DO NOT Necessarily Indicate
          Different Software Products

   While a tag identifier uniquely identifies a software product (i.e.,
   that tag identifier cannot be associated with a different software
   product), a single product might have more than one tag identifier.
   This is because it is possible for more than one tag creator to
   create a SWID tag for the same software product.  Multiple tags for
   the same software product but created by different tag creators will
   have different Tag Creator RegID values and will also likely differ
   in their Unique ID value.  Thus, these two tags will have different
   tag identifiers even though they were associated with the same
   software product.  In fact, in some circumstances, two parties might
   create two different SWID tag records for a single instance of the
   same software product.  For example, when a product is installed, it
   creates a SWID tag file on the file system, and a software discovery
   tool also notes the installation of the product and generates its own
   SWID tag record for the same installation.  In this case, that single
   installation is associated with two SWID tags with different SWID tag
   identifiers.  In short, identical tag identifiers always indicate the



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   same software product, but different tag identifiers do not
   necessarily indicate different software products.

3.3.4.  Using Tag Identifiers in SWID Attributes

   A SWID attribute reporting an endpoint's SWID tag collection can
   contain SWID tag identifier instances instead of copies of SWID tag
   files.  The message exchange is identical to the diagram shown in
   Figure 2, but the contents of the SWID Response are SWID tag
   identifier instances instead of tags.  The SWID Request attribute
   indicates whether the response is required to use full tags or tag
   identifier instances.  Using tag identifier instances can reduce the
   attribute size of the response by multiple orders of magnitude when
   compared to sending the same inventory using full tags.  A SWID-PC
   responds to a SWID Request attribute requesting SWID tag identifier
   instances the same way it responds to a request for full SWID tags,
   except that instead of copying each SWID tag entirely into the
   attribute body of the response, it provides the specific values that
   comprise a SWID tag identifier instance for each tag.

3.4.  Targeted Requests

   Sometimes a SWID-PV does not require information about every tag on
   an endpoint but only needs to know about certain tags.  For example,
   an endpoint might be required to have a particular patch installed.
   In determining compliance with this policy, the SWID-PV is only
   interested in the specific SWID tag associated with this patch.
   Instead of requesting a complete inventory just to see if the patch's
   SWID tag is present, the SWID-PV can make a "targeted request" for
   the tag in question.

   Targeted requests follow the same message exchange described in
   Figure 2.  The SWID-PV targets its request by providing one or more
   SWID tag identifiers in its SWID Request attribute.  The SWID-PC MUST
   then limit its response to contain only tags that match the indicated
   tag identifier(s).  This allows the network exchange to exclude
   information that is not relevant to a given policy question, thus
   reducing unnecessary bandwidth consumption.  The SWID-PC's response
   might consist of full tags or of tag identifier instances, depending
   on the parameters of the SWID Request.

   Targeted requests cannot target specific SWID tag instances; the SWID
   Request does not include fields for Instance IDs.  As a result, when
   responding to a targeted request, a SWID-PC MUST return applicable
   results for every instance of the identified tags.

   Note that targeted requests identify the SWID tags relevant to the
   request only through SWID tag identifiers for those tags.  This



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   specification does not support arbitrary, parameterized querying of
   tags.  For example, one cannot request all tags from a certain
   software publisher, or all tags created by a particular tag creator.
   Targeted requests only allow a requestor to request specific tags (as
   identified by their tag identifiers) and receive a response that is
   limited to the named tags.  There is also no assumption that a SWID-
   PC will recognize "synonymous tags" - that is, tags by different tag
   creators for the same software product.  The SWID-PC returns only
   tags that match the tag identifiers in the SWID Request, even if
   there might be other SWID tags in the endpoint's SWID tag collection
   for the same software product.

   SWID-PCs MUST accept targeted requests and process them correctly as
   described above.  SWID-PVs MUST be capable of making targeted
   requests and processing the responses thereto.

3.5.  Monitoring Changes in an Endpoint's SWID Tag Collection

   The SWID collection on an endpoint is not static.  As software is
   installed, uninstalled, patched, or updated, the SWID tag collection
   is expected to change to reflect the new software state on the
   endpoint.  For tags managed by an application's installer, tag
   changes usually occur at the time of installation or update.  For
   tags added by discovery tools, software and package managers, and
   other sources, changes to the endpoint's SWID tag collection occur
   when some process discovers the new or altered software product,
   which typically lags behind the actual installation or update time.

   All SWID-PCs MUST be able to be able to detect changes to the SWID
   tag repositories on their endpoint.  Specifically, SWID-PCs MUST be
   able to detect:

   o  The creation of tags

   o  The deletion of tags

   o  The alteration of tags

   An "alteration" is anything that modifies the contents of a SWID tag
   file (or would modify it, if the tag file is dynamically generated on
   demand) in any way, regardless of whether the change is functionally
   meaningful.  Changes MUST be monitored for all utilized sources of
   SWID tags.  This includes, but is not limited to, monitoring sources
   that dynamically generate SWID tags.

   SWID-PCs MUST detect such changes to the endpoint's SWID tag
   collection in close to real-time (i.e., within seconds) when the
   Posture Collector is operating.  In addition, in the case where there



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   is a period during which the SWID-PC is not operating, the SWID-PC
   MUST be able to determine the net change to the endpoint's SWID tag
   collection over the period it was not operational.  Specifically, the
   "net change" represents the difference between the state of the
   endpoint's SWID tag collection when the SWID-PC was last operational
   and monitoring its state, and the state of the endpoint's SWID tag
   collection when the SWID-PC resumed operation.  Note that a net
   change might not reflect the total number of change events over this
   interval.  For example, if a SWID tag file was altered three times
   during a period when the SWID-PC was unable to monitor for changes,
   the net change of this interval might only note that there was an
   alteration to the file, but not how many individual alteration events
   occurred.  It is sufficient for a SWID-PC's determination of a net
   change to note that there was a difference between the earlier and
   current state rather than enumerating all the individual events that
   allowed the current state to be reached.

   The SWID-PC MUST assign a time to each detected change in the
   endpoint's SWID tag collection.  These timestamps correspond to the
   SWID-PC's best understanding as to when the detected change occurred.
   These timestamps MUST be as accurate as possible.  For changes to the
   endpoint's SWID tag collection that occur while the SWID-PC is
   operating, the SWID-PC ought to be able to assign a time to the event
   that is accurate to within a few seconds.  For changes to the
   endpoint's SWID tag collection that occur while the SWID-PC is not
   operational, upon becoming operational the SWID-PC needs to make a
   best guess as to the time of the relevant events (possibly by looking
   at timestamps on the files), but these values might be off.  In the
   case of dynamically generated SWID tags, the time of change is the
   time at which the data from which the SWID tags are generate changes,
   not the time at which a changed SWID tag is generated.  For example,
   if SWID tags are dynamically generated based on data in an RPM
   database, the time of change would be when the RPM record was
   changed.

   With regard to deletions of SWID tags, the SWID-PC needs to detect
   the deletion and MUST retain a copy of the full deleted tag so that
   the tag itself can be provided to the SWID-PV upon request.  This
   copy of the SWID tag MUST be retained for a reasonable amount of
   time.  Vendors and administrators determine what "reasonable" means,
   but a copy of the tag SHOULD be retained for as long as the event
   recording the deletion of the tag remains in the SWID-PC's records.
   This is recommended because, as long as the event is in the SWID-PC's
   records, the SWID-PC might send an event attribute (described in
   Section 3.6) that references this tag, and a copy of the tag is
   needed if the SWID-PV wanted a full copy of the relevant tags.





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   With regard to alterations to a SWID tag file, SWID-PCs MUST detect
   any alterations to the contents of a tag file.  Alterations need to
   be detected even if they have no functional impact on the tag file.
   For example, the addition of whitespace between XML attributes does
   not have any impact on the meaning of the SWID tag file, but still
   needs to be detected as a tag file alteration by a SWID-PC.  A good
   guideline is that any alteration to a file that might change the
   value of a hash taken on the file's contents needs to be detected by
   the SWID-PC.  A SWID-PC might be unable to distinguish modifications
   to the content of a tag file from modifications to the metadata the
   file system associates with the tag file.  For example, a SWID-PC
   might use the "last modification" timestamp as an indication of
   alteration to a given tag file, but a file's last modification time
   can change for reasons other than modifications to the file contents.
   A SWID-PC is still considered compliant with this specification if it
   also reports metadata change events that do not change the SWID tag
   file itself as alterations to the SWID tag file.  In other words,
   while SWID-PC authors are encouraged to exclude modifications that do
   not affect the bytes within the tag file when detecting alterations
   to a SWID tag record, discriminating between modifications to file
   contents and changes to file metadata can be difficult and time
   consuming on some systems.  As such, as long as the alterations
   detected by a SWID-PC always cover all modifications to the contents
   of tag files, the SWID-PC is considered compliant even if it also
   registers alterations that do not modify the contents of a tag file
   as well.  When recording an alteration to a tag file, the SWID-PC is
   only required to note that an alteration occurred.  The SWID-PC is
   not required to note or record how the tag file altered, nor is it
   possible to include such details in SWID Attributes reporting the
   change to a SWID-PV.

3.6.  Reporting Change Events

   As noted in the preceding section, SWID-PCs MUST be able to detect
   changes to the SWID tag repositories (tag creation, tag removal, and
   tag alteration) in near real-time while the SWID-PC is operational,
   and MUST be able to account for any net change to the endpoint's SWID
   tag collection that occurs when the SWID-PC is not operational.
   However, to be of use to the enterprise, the NEA Server needs to be
   able to receive these events and be able to understand how new
   changes relate to earlier changes.  In SWID Message and Attributes
   for PA-TNC, this is facilitated by reporting change events.  All
   SWID-PCs MUST be capable of receiving requests for change events and
   sending change event attributes.  All SWID-PVs MUST be capable of
   requesting and receiving change event attributes.






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3.6.1.  Change Event Records

   A change event record consists of either a complete SWID tag or SWID
   tag identifier instance along with the following pieces of
   information:

   o  The nature of the change (i.e., tag creation, tag deletion, or tag
      alteration)

   o  An Event Identifier (EID) value

   o  An EID Epoch value

   An EID is a 4-byte unsigned integer that the SWID-PC assigns
   sequentially to each observed event (whether detected in real-time or
   deduced by looking for net changes over a period of SWID-PC
   inactivity).  All EIDs exist within the context of some "EID Epoch",
   which is also represented as a 4- byte unsigned integer.  EID Epochs
   are used to ensure synchronization between the SWID-PC and any SWID-
   PVs with which it communicates.  EID Epoch values SHOULD be generated
   randomly and in such a way that it is unlikely that the same EID
   Epoch is generated twice, even if the SWID-PC reverted to an earlier
   state (e.g., resetting it to factory defaults).  In the case where a
   SWID-PC needs to reset its EID counter, either because it has
   exhausted all available EID values or because the SWID-PC's event log
   becomes corrupted, then a new EID Epoch MUST be selected.

   Within an Epoch, EIDs MUST be assigned sequentially, so that if a
   particular event is assigned an EID of N, the next observed event is
   given an EID of N+1.  In some cases, events might occur
   simultaneously, or the SWID-PC might not otherwise be able to
   determine an ordering for events.  In these cases, the SWID-PC
   creates an arbitrary ordering of the events and assigns EIDs
   according to this ordering.  Two change events MUST NOT ever be
   assigned the same EID within the same EID Epoch.  No meaningful
   comparison can be made between EID values of different Epochs.

   The EID value of 0 is reserved and MUST NOT be associated with any
   event.  Specifically, an EID of 0 in a SWID Request attribute
   indicates that a SWID-PV wants an inventory response rather than an
   event response, while an EID of 0 in a SWID Response is used to
   indicate the initial state of the endpoint's SWID tag collection
   prior to the observation of any events.  Thus the very first recorded
   event in a SWID-PC's records within an EID Epoch MUST be assigned a
   value of 1 or greater.  Note that EID and EID Epoch values are
   assigned by the SWID-PC without regard to whether events are being
   reported to one or more SWID-PVs.  The SWID-PC records events and
   assigns EIDs during its operation.  Any and all SWID-PVs that request



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   event information from the SWID-PC will have those requests served
   from the same records and thus will see the same EIDs and EID Epochs
   for the same events.

   The SWID-PC MUST ensure there is no coverage gap (i.e., change events
   that are not recorded in the SWID-PC's records) in its records of
   change events.  This is necessary because a coverage gap might give a
   SWID-PV a false impression of the endpoint's state.  For example, if
   a SWID-PV saw an event indicating that a particular SWID tag had been
   installed, and saw no subsequent events indicating that tag had been
   deleted, it might reasonably assume that this tag was still installed
   (assuming the Epoch has not changed).  If there is a coverage gap in
   the SWID-PC's records, however, this assumption is false.  For this
   reason, the SWID-PC's event records MUST NOT contain gaps.  In the
   case where there are periods where it is possible that changes
   occurred without the SWID-PC detecting or recording them, the SWID-PC
   MUST either compute a net change and update its records
   appropriately, or pick a new EID Epoch to indicate a discontinuity
   with previous event records.

   Within a given Epoch, once a particular event has been assigned an
   EID, this association MUST NOT be changed.  That is, within an Epoch,
   once an EID is assigned to an event, that EID cannot be reassigned to
   a different event, and the event cannot be assigned a different EID.
   When the SWID-PC's Epoch changes, all of these associations between
   EIDs and events are cancelled, and EID values once again become free
   for assignment.

3.6.2.  Updating Inventory Knowledge Based on Events

   Modern endpoints can have hundreds of software products installed,
   most of which are unlikely to change from one day to the next.  As
   such, instead of exchanging a complete list of an endpoint's
   inventory on a regular basis, one might wish to only identify changes
   since some earlier known state of this inventory.  This is readily
   facilitated by the use of EIDs to place change events in a context
   relative to earlier state.

   Every inventory sent by a SWID-PC to a SWID-PV (as described in
   Section 3.2 through Section 3.4) includes the EID Epoch and EID of
   the last event recorded prior to that inventory being compiled.  This
   allows the SWID-PV to place all subsequently received event records
   in context relative to this inventory (since the EIDs represent a
   total ordering of all changes to the endpoint's SWID tag collection).
   Specifically, a SWID-PV (or, more likely, a database that collects
   and records its findings) can record an endpoint's full inventory and
   also the EID and Epoch of the most recent event reflected in that
   state.  From that point on, if change events are observed, the



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   attribute describing these events indicates the nature of the change,
   the affected SWID tags, and the order in which these events occurred
   (as indicated by the sequential EIDs).  Using this information, any
   remote record of the endpoint's SWID tag collection can be updated
   appropriately.

3.6.3.  Using Event Records in SWID Attributes

   A SWID-PV MUST be able to request a list of event records instead of
   an inventory.  The message flow in such an exchange looks the same as
   the basic flow shown in Figure 2.  The only difference is that, in
   the SWID Request attribute, the SWID-PV provides an EID other than 0.
   (A value of 0 in these fields represents a request for an inventory.)
   When the SWID-PC receives such a request, instead of identifying SWID
   tags in the endpoint's SWID tag collection, it consults its record of
   detected changes.  The SWID-PC MUST add an event record to the SWID
   Response attribute for each recorded change event with an EID greater
   than or equal to the EID in the SWID Request attribute (although
   targeting of requests, as described in the next paragraph, may limit
   this list).  A list of event records MUST only contain events with
   EIDs that all come from the current Epoch.

   SWID-PVs can target requests for event records by including one or
   more tag identifiers, as described in Section 3.4, in the SWID
   Request that requests an event record list.  A targeted request for
   event records is used to indicate that only events affecting SWID
   tags that match the provided SWID tag identifiers are to be returned.
   Specifically, in response to a targeted request for event records,
   the SWID-PC MUST exclude any event records that are less than the
   indicated EID (within the current EID Epoch) and exclude any event
   records where the affected SWID tag does not match one of the
   provided SWID tag identifiers.  This might mean that the resulting
   list of event records sent in the response attribute does not provide
   a continuous sequence of EIDs.  Both SWID-PCs and SWIC-PVs MUST
   support targeted request for event records.

3.6.4.  Partial and Complete Lists of Event Records in SWID Attributes

   Over time, a SWID-PC might record a large number of change events.
   If a SWID-PV requests all change events covering a large period of
   time, the resulting SWID Response attribute might be extremely large,
   especially if the SWID-PV is requesting the use of full SWID tags
   instead of the use of SWID Identifier instances (as described in
   Section 3.3.4).  In the case that the resulting attribute is too
   large to send (either because it exceeds the 4GB attribute size limit
   imposed by the PA-TNC specification, or because it exceeds some
   smaller size limit imposed on the SWID-PC) the SWID-PC MAY send a
   partial list of events back to the SWID-PV.



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   Generation of a partial list of events in a SWID Response attribute
   requires the SWID-PC to identify a "consulted range" of EIDs.  A
   consulted range is the set of event records that are examined for
   inclusion in the SWID Response attribute and that are included in
   that attribute if applicable.  Recall that, if a SWID Request is
   targeted, only event records that involve the indicated SWID tags
   would be applicable.  (See Section 3.4 for more on Targeted Request.)
   If a request is not targeted, all event records in the considered
   range are applicable and included in the SWID Response attribute.

   The lower bound of the consulted range MUST be the EID provided in
   the SWID Request.  (Recall that a SWID Request indicates a request
   for event records by providing a non-0 EID value in the SWID Request.
   See Section 3.6.3.)  The upper bound of the consulted range is the
   EID of the latest event record (as ordered by EID values) that is
   included in the SWID Response attribute if it is applicable to the
   request.  The EID of this last event record is called the "Last
   Consulted EID".  The SWID-PC chooses this Last Consulted EID based on
   the size of the event record list it is willing to provide to the
   SWID-PV.

   A partial result list MUST include all applicable event records
   within the consulted range.  This means that for any applicable event
   record whose EID is greater than or equal to the EID provided in the
   SWID Request and whose EID is less than or equal to the Last
   Consulted EID, that event record MUST be included in the SWID
   Response conveying this partial list of event records.  This ensures
   that every partial list of event records is always complete within
   its indicated range.

   All SWID Response attributes that convey event records (either using
   full SWID tags or using SWID tag identifier instances) include an
   Epoch, Last EID, and Last Consulted EID field.  The Last EID contains
   the EID of the last event record known to the SWID-PC at the time
   that the SWID Response attribute was generated.  The Last EID might
   or might not be part of the consulted range.  As noted above, the
   Last Consulted EID field contains the EID of the last event record in
   the consulted range.  The Epoch field contains the EID Epoch
   associated with the Last EID and Last Consulted EID fields as well as
   all the EIDs in event records contained within the SWID Response
   attribute.  Note that, if responding to a targeted SWID Request, the
   SWID Response attribute might not contain the event record whose EID
   matches the Last Consulted EID value.  For example, the last
   consulted EID record might have been deemed inapplicable because it
   did not match the specified list of SWID tag identifiers in the SWID
   Request.





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   If a SWID-PV receives a SWID Response attribute where the Last EID
   and Last Consulted EID fields are identical, the SWID-PV knows that
   it has received a result list that is complete, given the parameters
   of the request, up to the present time.  On the other hand, if the
   Last EID and Last Consulted EID values differ, the SWID-PV has
   received a partial result list.  In the latter case, if the SWID-PV
   wishes to try to collect the rest of the partially delivered result
   list it then sends a new SWID Request whose EID is one greater than
   the Last Consulted EID in the preceding response.  Doing this causes
   the SWID-PC to generate another SWID Response attribute containing
   event records where the earliest reported event record is the one
   immediately after the event record with the Last Consulted EID (since
   EIDs are assigned sequentially).  By repeating this process until it
   receives a SWID Response where the Last EID and Last Consulted EID
   are equal, the SWID-PV is able to collect all event records over a
   given range, even if the complete set of event records would be too
   large to deliver via a single attribute.

   Implementers need to be aware that a SWID Request might specify an
   EID that is greater than the EID of the last event recorded by a
   SWID-PC.  In accordance with the behaviors described in
   Section 3.6.3, a SWID-PC MUST respond to such a request with a SWID
   Response attribute of the appropriate type (using SWID tags or SWID
   tag identifier instances as specified in the SWID Request) that
   contains zero event records.  This is because the SWID-PC has
   recorded no event records with EIDs greater than or equal to the EID
   in the SWID Request.  In such a case, the Last Consulted EID field
   MUST be set to the same value as the Last EID field in this SWID
   response attribute.  This case is called out because consulted range
   on a SWID-PC in such a situation is a negative range, where the
   "first" EID in the range (provided in the SWID Request) is greater
   than the "last" EID in the range (this being the EID of the last
   recorded event on the SWID-PC).  Implementers need to ensure that
   SWID-PCs do not experience problems in such a circumstance.

   Note that this specification only supports the returning of partial
   results when returning event records.  There is no way to return a
   partial inventory list under this specification.

3.6.5.  Synchronizing Event Identifiers and Epochs

   Since EIDs are sequential within an Epoch, if a SWID-PV's list of
   event records contains gaps in the EID values within a single Epoch,
   the SWID-PV knows that there are events that have not been accounted
   for.  The SWID-PV can either request a new event list to collect the
   missing events or request a full inventory to re-sync its
   understanding of the state of the SWID tags on the endpoint.  In
   either case, after the SWID-PV's record of the endpoint's SWID tag



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   collection has been updated, the SWID-PV records the new latest EID
   value and tracks events normally from that point on.

   If the SWID-PV receives any attribute from a SWID-PC where the EID
   Epoch differs from the EID Epoch that was used previously, then SWID-
   PV or any entity using this information to track the endpoint's SWID
   tag collection knows that there is a discontinuity in their
   understanding of the endpoint's state.  To move past this
   discontinuity and reestablish a current understanding of the state of
   the endpoint's SWID tag collection, the SWID-PV needs to receive a
   full inventory from the endpoint.  This is because it is not possible
   to account for all events on the SWID-PC over the interval since the
   previous Epoch was used, because there is no way to query for EIDs
   from a previous Epoch.  Once the SWID-PV has received a full
   inventory for the new Epoch, the SWID-PV records the latest EID
   reported in this new Epoch and can track further events normally.

   A SWID-PC MUST NOT report events with EIDs from any Epoch other than
   the current EID Epoch.  The SWID-PC MAY choose to purge all event
   records from a previous Epoch from memory after an Epoch change.
   Alternately, the SWID-PC MAY choose to retain some event records from
   a previous EID Epoch and assign them new EIDs in the current Epoch.
   However, in the case where a SWID-PC chooses the latter option it
   MUST ensure that the order of events according to their EIDs is
   unchanged and that there is no coverage gap between the first
   retained event recorded during the previous Epoch (now reassigned
   with an EID in the current Epoch) and the first event recorded during
   the current Epoch.  In particular, the SWID-PC MUST ensure that all
   change events that occurred after the last recorded event from the
   previous Epoch are known and recorded.  (This might not be possible
   if the Epoch change is due to state corruption on the SWID-PC.)  A
   SWID-PC might choose to reassign EIDs to records from a preceding
   Epoch to create a "sliding window" of events, where each Epoch change
   represents a shift in the window of available events.

   In the case where a SWID-PC suffers a crash and loses track of its
   current EID Epoch or current EID, then it MUST generate a new EID
   Epoch value and begin assigning EIDs within that Epoch.  In this
   case, the SWID-PC MUST purge all event records from before the crash
   as it cannot ensure that there is not a gap between the last of those
   records and the next detected event.  The process for generating a
   new EID Epoch MUST minimize the possibility that the newly generated
   EID Epoch is the same as a previously used EID Epoch.

   The SWID-PV will normally never receive an attribute indicating that
   the latest EID is less than the latest EID reported in a previous
   attribute within the same EID Epoch.  If this occurs, the SWID-PC has
   suffered an error of some kind, possibly indicative of at least



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   partial corruption of its event log.  In this case, the SWID-PV
   SHOULD treat the situation as if there was a change in Epoch and
   treat any local copy of the endpoint's SWID tag collection as out-of-
   sync until a full inventory can be reported by the SWID-PC.  In this
   case, the SWID-PV SHOULD flag the event so it can be examined to
   ensure it is now operating properly.

3.7.  Supporting Multiple Instances of a Single Tag

   One important consideration is that it is possible for multiple
   instances of a SWID tag to be present on an endpoint.  (I.e.,
   multiple SWID tag files whose tag identifiers are the same.)  This
   can happen if there are multiple instances of the indicated software
   product installed on the endpoint.  In order to account for the
   possibility, all SWID-PCs MUST follow specific rules, outlined below.

3.7.1.  Inventory Reporting in the Presence of Multiply-Instantiated
        Tags

   When sending an inventory, either full or based on a targeted
   request, the SWID-PC MUST include one entry for each instance of a
   relevant tag.  (All tags are relevant in a full inventory.  In a
   targeted request for an inventory, only tags that match the tag
   identifiers provided by the SWID-PV are considered relevant.)  For
   example, if a particular piece of software is installed twice on an
   endpoint, and thus there are two instances of its SWID tag present in
   the endpoint's SWID tag collection, an inventory for which this tag
   is relevant will contain at least two records for this piece of
   software, one for each tag instance.  (It might contain more if
   multiple tag creators each created tags for the same piece of
   installed software.)  In the case where the SWID-PC's response is
   expressed using full tags, the response MUST contain one copy of each
   instance of the given tag.  In other words, the SWID-PC MUST send one
   copy of each tag instance, rather than send multiple copies of one
   tag instance.  In the case where the SWID-PC's response is expressed
   using tag identifiers, the response MUST include the tag identifier
   instance for each instance of the given tag.

3.7.2.  Event Reporting in the Presence of Multiply Instantiated Tags

   When reporting events, the specific tags that were added, deleted, or
   changed MUST be indicated.  For example, in the case where tags A and
   B are two instances of the same SWID tag, each for separate
   installations of the same software product, and tag A changes in the
   endpoint's SWID tag collection, the SWID-PC MUST report the event
   using tag A (rather than reporting it using B).  This means that the
   report MUST contain the tag file or the tag identifier instance for
   the affected tag.



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3.8.  Subscriptions

   Thus far, all message exchanges discussed assume that a SWID-PV sent
   an SWID Request attribute and the SWID-PC is providing a direct
   response to that request.  The SWID Message and Attributes for PA-TNC
   specification also supports the ability for a SWID-PC to send a
   message with a SWID Attribute to the SWID-PV in response to observed
   changes in the endpoint's SWID tag collection, instead of in direct
   response to a SWID Request.  An agreement by a SWID-PC to send
   content when certain changes are detected to the endpoint's SWID tag
   collection is referred to in this specification as a "subscription",
   and the SWID-PV that receives this content is said to be "subscribed
   to" the given SWID-PC.  All SWID-PCs and SWID-PVs MUST support the
   use of subscriptions.

3.8.1.  Establishing Subscriptions

   A SWID-PV establishes a subscription on a particular SWID-PC by
   sending a SWID Request attribute with the Subscription flag set.  The
   SWID Request attribute is otherwise identical to the SWID Requests
   discussed in previous sections.  Specifically, such a SWID Request
   might request full tags or tag identifier instances, might be
   targeted, and might request change event records or endpoint
   inventory.  Assuming no error is encountered, a SWID-PC MUST send a
   SWID Response attribute in direct response to this SWID Request
   attribute, just as if the Subscription flag was not set.  As such,
   the message exchange that establishes a new subscription in a SWID-PC
   has the same flow seen in the previous message exchanges, as depicted
   in Figure 2.  If the SWID-PV does not receive a PA-TNC Error
   attribute (as described in Section 3.10 and Section 4.16) in response
   to their subscription request, the subscription has been successfully
   established on the SWID-PC.  The SWID Request attribute that
   establishes a new subscription is referred to as the "establishing
   request" for that subscription.

   When a subscription is established it is assigned a Subscription ID
   value.  The Subscription ID is equal to the value of the Request ID
   of the establishing request.  (For more about Request IDs, see
   Section 4.8.)

   A SWID-PC MUST have the ability to record and support multiple
   simultaneous subscriptions from a single party and subscriptions from
   multiple parties.  A SWID-PV MUST have the ability to record and
   support multiple simultaneous subscriptions to a single party and
   subscriptions to multiple parties.






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3.8.2.  Managing Subscriptions

   The SWID-PC MUST record each accepted subscription along with the
   identity of the party to whom attributes are to be pushed in
   compliance with the subscription.  If the attribute is received by
   the SWID-PC using the TNC_IMC_ReceiveMessage (section 3.8.4 of IF-IMC
   1.3 [IF-IMC]) function, then only the connection ID of the SWID-PV's
   NEA Server is available to the SWID-PC.  If the attribute is received
   by the SWID-PC using the TNC_IMC_ReceiveMessageLong function (section
   3.8.6 of IF-IMC) then the SWID-PC has both the NEA Server's
   connection ID and the Posture Validator ID of the sending SWID-PV.
   SWID-PCs SHOULD support TNC_IMC_ReceiveMessageLong function calls.
   SWID-PCs MUST record the connection ID of the SWID-PV's NEA Server
   for each accepted subscription.  SWID-PCs SHOULD record the SWID-PV's
   Posture Validator ID for each accepted subscription if this
   information is available.

   Likewise, SWID-PVs MUST record each accepted subscription for which
   they are the subscribing party along with its Subscription ID and the
   identity of the SWID-PC that will be fulfilling the subscription.
   The SWID-PV needs to retain this information in order to correctly
   interpret pushed SWID Response attributes sent in fulfillment of the
   subscription.  As with the SWID-PC, the SWID-PV might only have
   access to the connection ID of the SWID-PC's endpoint, or might have
   both this connection ID and the SWID-PC's Posture Collector ID
   depending on the supported IF-IMV functions [IF-IMV].  SWID-PVs
   SHOULD support TNC_IMV_ReceiveMessageLong function calls so as to be
   capable of receiving the SWID-PC's Posture Collector ID.  SWID-PVs
   MUST record the connection ID of the SWID-PC's endpoint for each
   accepted subscription.  The SWID-PV SHOULD record the SWID-PC's
   Posture Collector ID for each accepted subscription if this
   information is available.

3.8.3.  Terminating Subscriptions

   Subscriptions MAY be terminated at any time by the subscribing SWID-
   PV by setting the Clear Subscriptions flag in a SWID Request.  (See
   Section 4.9 for more on using this flag.)  In the case that the SWID-
   PC receives both the connection ID and the Posture Validator ID of
   the SWID-PV requesting that subscriptions be cleared (i.e., the clear
   subscription request is received via a TNC_IMC_ReceiveMessageLong
   function) and the SWID-PC has been recording PV IDs associated with
   subscriptions when available, the SWID-PC MUST only clear
   subscriptions that match both the connection ID and the PV ID, and
   MUST clear all such subscriptions.  In the case that the SWID-PC only
   has the connection ID of the party requesting that subscriptions be
   cleared or the SWID-PC has not been recording Posture Validator IDs
   associated with subscriptions even when available, it MUST only clear



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   subscriptions that match the connection ID and that have no
   associated Posture Validator ID, and MUST clear all such
   subscriptions.

   This specification does not give the SWID-PV the ability to terminate
   subscriptions individually - all subscriptions to the SWID-PV are
   cleared when the Clear Subscriptions flag is set.

   This specification does not give the SWID-PC the ability to
   unilaterally terminate a subscription.  However, if the SWID-PC
   experiences a fatal error fulfilling a subscription, resulting in
   sending a PA-TNC Error attribute of type
   SWID_SUBSCRIPTION_FULFILLMENT_ERROR, then the subscription whose
   fulfillment led to the error MUST be treated as terminated by both
   the SWID-PC and the SWID-PV.  Only the subscription experiencing the
   error is cancelled and other subscriptions are unaffected.  See
   Section 3.10 for more on this error condition.

   Finally, a subscription is terminated if the connection between the
   SWID-PC and SWID-PV is deleted, as indicated by the connection state
   changing to DELETE.  (Described in section 3.5.2.2 of IF-IMC [IF-IMC]
   and section 3.5.2.2 of IF-IMV [IF-IMV].)  Doing this renders the
   SWID-PC incapable of pushing additional SWID Response attributes to
   the subscribing party.  Both the SWID-PC and SWID-PV MUST delete all
   subscriptions for which the connection has been deleted.  SWID-PCs
   MUST support the TNC_IMC_NotifyConnectionChange function, as defined
   in IF-IMC 1.3 section 3.8.2, so that the SWID-PC can be informed when
   a connection's state changes to DELETE.  Likewise, a SWID-PV MUST
   support the TNC_IMV_NotifyConnectionChange function, as defined in
   IF-IMV 1.4 section 3.8.2, for the same reason.

3.8.4.  Subscription Status

   A SWID-PV can request that a SWID-PC report the list of active
   subscriptions where the SWID-PV is the subscriber.  A SWID-PV can use
   this to recover lost information about active subscriptions.  A SWID-
   PV can also use this capability to verify that a SWID-PC has not
   forgotten any of its subscriptions.  The latter is especially useful
   where a SWID-PC does not send any attributes in fulfillment of a
   given subscription for a long period of time.  The SWID-PV can check
   the list of active subscriptions on the SWID-PC and verify whether
   the inactivity is due to a lack of reportable events, or due to the
   SWID-PC forgetting its obligations to fulfill a given subscription.

   A SWID-PV requests a list of its subscriptions on a given SWID-PC by
   sending that SWID-PC a Subscription Status Request.  The SWID-PC MUST
   then respond with a Subscription Status Response (or a PA-TNC Error
   if an error condition is experienced).  The Subscription Status



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   Response contains one subscription record for each of the active
   subscriptions for which the SWID-PV is the subscribing party.
   Specifically, in the case that the Subscription Status Request
   arrives with both a connection ID and a Posture Validator ID and the
   SWID-PC has been recording Posture Validator IDs associated with
   subscriptions when available, the SWID-PC MUST include only
   subscription records associated with both the given connection ID and
   Posture Validator ID, and MUST include all such records.  In the case
   that the Subscription Status Request arrives with only a connection
   ID or the SWID-PC has not been recording Posture Validator IDs
   associated with subscriptions even when available, the SWID-PC MUST
   include only subscription records associated with the given
   connection ID and that have no associated Posture Validator ID, and
   MUST include all such records.

3.8.5.  Fulfilling Subscriptions

   As noted in Section 3.5 SWID-PCs MUST have the ability to
   automatically detect changes to an endpoint's SWID tag collection in
   near real-time.  For every active subscription, the SWID-PC MUST send
   an attribute to the subscribed SWID-PV whenever a change is detected
   to relevant tags within the endpoint's SWID tag collection.  The
   SWID-PC MAY choose to exclusively deliver this attribute in the case
   that the SWID-PV's Posture Validator ID is known.  (See section
   3.3.2.2 of IF-IMC 1.3 [IF-IMC] or section 3.3.2.2 of IF-IMV 1.4
   [IF-IMV] for more on exclusive delivery.)  Such an attribute is said
   to be sent "in fulfillment of" the given subscription and any such
   attribute include that subscription's Subscription ID.  If the
   establishing request for that subscription was a targeted request,
   then only tags that match the SWID tag identifiers provided in that
   establishing request are considered relevant.  Otherwise, (i.e., for
   non-targeted requests) any tag is considered relevant for this
   purpose.  Figure 3 shows a sample message exchange where a
   subscription is established and then later messages are sent from the
   SWID-PC in fulfillment of the established subscription.
















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            +-------------+                    +--------------+
            |  SWID-PC    |                    |   SWID-PV    |  Time
            +-------------+                    +--------------+   |
                  |                                   |           |
                  |<----------SWID Request------------|           |
                  |                                   |           |
                  |-----------SWID Response---------->|           |
                  |                                   |           |
                  .                                   .           .
                  .                                   .           .
                  .                                   .           .
    <Change Event>|                                   |           |
                  |-----------SWID Response---------->|           |
                  |                                   |           |
                  .                                   .           .
                  .                                   .           .
                  .                                   .           .
    <Change Event>|                                   |           |
                  |-----------SWID Response---------->|           |
                  |                                   |           V


           Figure 3: Subscription Establishment and Fulfillment

   The contents of an attribute sent in fulfillment of a subscription
   depend on the parameters provided in the establishing request for
   that subscription.  Specifically, the contents of an attribute sent
   in fulfillment of a subscription have the same format as would a
   direct response to the establishing request.  For example, if the
   establishing request stipulated a response that contained an event
   record list wherein affected SWID tags were indicated using SWID tag
   identifier instances, all attributes sent in fulfillment of this
   subscription will also consist of event record lists expressed using
   SWID tag identifier instances.  As such, all SWID Responses displayed
   in the exchange depicted in Figure 3 have the same format.  A SWID
   Response generated in fulfillment of an active subscription MUST be a
   valid SWID Response attribute according to all the rules outlined in
   the preceding sections.  In other words, an attribute constructed in
   fulfillment of a subscription will look the same as an attribute sent
   in direct response to an explicit request from a SWID-PV that had the
   same request parameters and which arrived immediately after the given
   change event.  There are a few special rules that expand on this
   guideline:








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3.8.5.1.  Subscriptions Reporting Inventories

   In the case that a SWID-PV subscribes to a SWID-PC requesting an
   inventory attribute whenever changes are detected (i.e. the EID in
   the establishing request is 0), then the SWID-PC MUST send the
   requested inventory whenever a relevant change is detected.  (A
   "relevant change" is any change for untargeted requests, or a change
   to an indicated SWID tag in a targeted request.)  Upon detection of a
   relevant change for an active subscription, the SWID-PC sends the
   appropriate inventory information as if it had just received the
   establishing request.  Attributes sent in fulfillment of this
   subscription will probably have a large amount of redundancy, as the
   same tags are likely to be present in each of these SWID Attributes.
   The role of an inventory subscription is not to report tags just for
   the items that changed - that is the role of a subscription that
   reports events (see Section 3.8.5.2).  A SWID-PC MUST NOT exclude a
   tag from an attribute sent in fulfillment of an inventory
   subscription simply because that tag was not involved in the
   triggering event (although the tag might be excluded for other
   reasons, such as if the subscription is targeted - see
   Section 3.8.5.3).

3.8.5.2.  Subscriptions Reporting Events

   The way in which a SWID-PV indicates it wishes to establish a
   subscription requesting event records is by providing a non-zero EID
   in the SWID Request establishing the subscription (see
   Section 3.6.1).  However, when the SWID-PC constructs an attribute in
   fulfillment of the subscription (other than the direct response to
   the establishing request), it MUST only include event records for the
   detected change(s) that precipitated this response attribute.  In
   other words, it MUST NOT send a complete list of all changes starting
   with the indicated EID, up through the latest change, every time a
   new event is detected.  In effect, the EID in the establishing
   request is treated as being updated every time an attribute is sent
   in fulfillment of this subscription, such that a single event is not
   reported twice in fulfillment of a single subscription.  As such,
   every SWID-PC MUST track the EID of the last event that triggered an
   attribute for the given subscription.  When the next event (or set of
   events) is detected, the SWID-PC MUST only report events with later
   EIDs.  In the case that the EID Epoch of the SWID-PC changes, the
   SWID-PC MUST treat EID values in the new Epoch as being after all
   EIDs assigned in the previous Epoch regardless of the relative
   numeric values of these EIDs.

   Note that while a subscription is active, the subscribing SWID-PV MAY
   make other requests for event records that overlap with events that
   are reported due to a subscription.  Such requests are unaffected by



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   the presence of the subscription, nor is the subscription affected by
   such requests.  In other words, a given request will get the same
   results back whether or not there was a subscription.  Likewise, an
   attribute sent in fulfillment of a subscription will contain the same
   information whether or not other requests had been received from the
   SWID-PV.

   A SWID-PV needs to pay attention to the EID Epoch in these messages,
   as changes in the Epoch might create discontinuities in the SWID-PV's
   understanding of the endpoint's SWID tag collection state, as
   discussed in Section 3.6.5.  In particular, once the EID Epoch
   changes, a SWID-PV is unable have confidence that it has a correct
   understanding of the state of an endpoint's SWID tag collection until
   after the SWID-PV collects a complete inventory.

   SWID-PCs MAY send partial lists of event records in fulfillment of a
   subscription.  (See Section 3.6.4 for more on partial list of event
   records.)  In the case that a SWID-PC sends a partial list of event
   records, it MUST immediately send the next consecutive partial list,
   and continue doing so until it has sent the equivalent of the
   complete list of event records.  In other words, if the SWID-PC sends
   a partial list it does not wait for another change event to send
   another SWID Response, but continues sending SWID Responses until it
   has sent all event records that would have been included in a
   complete fulfillment of the subscription.

3.8.5.3.  Targeted Subscriptions

   Subscriptions MAY be targeted to only apply to tags that match a
   given set of tag identifiers.  In the case where changes are detected
   that affect multiple tags, some matching the establishing request's
   tag identifiers and some not, the attribute sent in fulfillment of
   the subscription MUST only include inventory or events (as
   appropriate) for tags that match the establishing request's tag
   identifiers.  The SWID-PC MUST NOT include non-matching tags in the
   attribute, even if those non-matching tags experienced change events
   that were co-temporal with change events on the matching tags.

   In addition, a SWID-PC MUST send an attribute in fulfillment of a
   targeted subscription only when changes to the endpoint's SWID tag
   collection impact one or more tags matching the subscription's
   establishing request's tag identifiers.  A SWID-PC MUST NOT send any
   attribute in fulfillment of a targeted subscription based on detected
   change to the endpoint's SWID tag collection that did not involve any
   of the tags targeted by that subscription.






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3.8.5.4.  No Subscription Consolidation

   A SWID-PV MAY establish multiple subscriptions to a given SWID-PC.
   If this is the case, it is possible that a single change event on the
   endpoint might require fulfillment by multiple subscriptions, and
   that the information included in attributes that fulfill each of
   these subscriptions might overlap.  The SWID-PC MUST send separate
   attributes for each established subscription that requires a response
   due to the given event.  Each of these attributes MUST contain all
   information required to fulfill that individual subscription, even if
   that information is also sent in other attributes sent in fulfillment
   of other subscriptions at the same time.  In other words, SWID-PCs
   MUST NOT attempt to combine information when fulfilling multiple
   subscriptions simultaneously, even if this results in some redundancy
   in the attributes sent to the SWID-PV.

3.8.5.5.  Delayed Subscription Fulfillment

   A SWID-PC MAY delay the fulfillment of a subscription following a
   change event in the interest of waiting to see if additional change
   events are forthcoming and, if so, conveying the relevant records
   back to the SWID-PV in a single SWID Response attribute.  This can
   help reduce network bandwidth consumption between the SWID-PC and the
   SWID-PV.  For example, consider a situation where 10 changes occur a
   tenth of a second apart.  If the SWID-PC does not delay in assembling
   and sending SWID Response attributes, the SWID-PV will received 10
   separate SWID Response attributes over a period of 1 second.
   However, if the SWID-PC waits half a second after the initial event
   before assembling a SWID Response, the SWID-PV only receives two SWID
   Response attributes over the same period of time.

   Note that the ability to consolidate events for a single subscription
   over a given period of time does not contradict the rules in
   Section 3.8.5.4 prohibiting consolidation across multiple
   subscriptions.  When delaying fulfillment of subscriptions, SWID-PCs
   are still required to fulfill each individual subscription
   separately.  Moreover, in the case that change events within the
   delay window cancel each other out (e.g., a SWID tag is deleted and
   then re-added), the SWID-PC MUST still report each change event
   rather than just reporting the net effect of changes over the delay
   period.  In other words, delayed fulfillment can decrease the number
   of attributes send by the SWID-PC, but it does not reduce the total
   number of change events reported.

   SWID-PCs are not required to support delayed fulfillment of
   subscriptions.  However, in the case that the SWID-PC does support
   delayed subscription fulfillment, it MUST be possible to configure
   the SWID-PC to disable delayed fulfillment.  In other words, parties



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   deploying SWID-PCs need to be allowed to disable delayed subscription
   fulfillment in their SWID-PCs.  The manner in which such
   configuration occurs is left to the discretion of implementers,
   although implementers MUST protect the configuration procedure from
   unauthorized tampering.  In other words, there needs to be some
   assurance that unauthorized individuals are not able to introduce
   long delays in subscription fulfillment.

3.9.  Multiple Sources of SWID Tags

   As noted in Section 2.1, the SWID tags in an endpoint's SWID tag
   collection might potentially come from multiple sources.  For
   example, SWID tags might be deposited on the file system and
   collected therefrom.  SWID tags might also be dynamically generated
   by tools such as software and package managers (e.g., RPM or YUM) or
   might be dynamically translated from software discovery reports
   expressed in some non-SWID format.

   A SWID-PC is not required to identify every possible source of SWID
   tags on its endpoint.  Some SWID-PCs might be explicitly tied only to
   one or a handful of SWID tag sources.  SWID-PCs are not required to
   be aware of SWID tags that come from sources other than those that
   they specifically support.  In particular, if an endpoint has 3
   sources of SWID tags, and a SWID-PC supports collecting SWID tags
   from two of those sources, not only is that SWID-PC only responsible
   for reporting tags that come from its two supported sources, but it
   is also only responsible for monitoring for change events from those
   two sources.  This noted, for all of the SWID tag sources that a
   particular SWID-PC supports, it MUST completely support all
   requirements of this specification with regard to its supported
   sources.  In other words, for supported sources, the SWID-PC is
   required to be capable of providing complete inventories of SWID
   tags; monitoring for changes in the SWID collections reported by
   those sources, correctly providing responses for both full and
   targeted requests, and providing either complete SWID tag files or
   SWID identifier instances as appropriate.  The SWID-PC MUST NOT
   provide any inventory or event information from SWID tag sources for
   which it cannot provide this full support.

   The SWID Response attributes provide no way of distinguishing as to
   which SWID tags, identifier instances, or event records are
   associated with specific sources.  The SWID-PC MUST include the
   complete set of relevant data from all supported sources of SWID tags
   in every SWID Response.  In other words, a full inventory is required
   to contain all the SWID tags from all supported sources, a targeted
   inventory is required to contain all relevant tags from all sources,
   and event tracking is required to cover all events from both sources.
   With regard to events, a SWID-PC's assignment of EIDs MUST reflect



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   the presence and order of all events on the endpoint (at least for
   supported sources) regardless of the source.  This means that if
   source A experiences an event, and then source B experiences two
   events, and then source A experiences another two events, the SWID-PC
   is required to capture five events with consecutive EID values
   reflecting the order in which the events occur.

   Note that, if a SWID-PC collects data from multiple sources, it is
   possible that some software products might be "double counted".  This
   can happen if both sources of SWID tags provide a SWID tag for a
   single instance of a software product.  Moreover, each of these
   provided tags will probably have different SWID tag identifier
   instances, since Instance IDs are managed by the process that
   extracts the SWID tags from the individual sources, and such
   processes are under no obligation to coordinate with each other as to
   the Instance ID value.  When a SWID-PC reports information or records
   events from multiple SWID tag sources, it MUST use the information
   those sources provide, rather than attempting to perform some form of
   reduction.  In other words, if multiple sources report a particular
   SWID tag corresponding to a single installation of a software
   product, all such tags from each source are required to be part of
   the SWID-PC's processing even if this might lead to multiple
   reporting, and the SWID-PC is not to ignore some tags to avoid such
   multiple reporting.  Similarly, in the case that multiple sources
   report an event, the SWID-PC MUST create separate event records with
   separate EIDs for each of these, even if there is the chance that
   they represent the two sources reporting the same action on the
   endpoint.  Entities tracking SWID tags collected via SWID-PCs and
   SWID-PVs need to be aware that such double-reporting might occur.
   How (or if) such occurrences are detected and resolved is up to the
   implementers of those entities.

3.10.  Error Handling

   In the case where the SWID-PC detects an error in a SWID Request
   attribute that it receives it MUST respond with a PA-TNC Error
   attribute with an error code appropriate to the nature of the error.
   (See Section 4.2.8 of PA-TNC [RFC5792] for more details about PA-TNC
   Error attributes and error codes as well as Section 4.16 in this
   specification for error codes specific to SWID attributes.)  In the
   cast that an error is detected in a SWID Request the SWID-PC MUST NOT
   take any action requested by this SWID Request, even if some
   requested action can be completed successfully despite the error in
   the attribute.  In other words, a SWID Request that contains an error
   is ignored by the SWID-PC beyond sending a PA-TNC Error attribute,
   and possibly logging the error locally.





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   In the case where the SWID-PC receives a valid SWID Request attribute
   but experiences an error during the process of responding to that
   attribute's instructions where that error prevents the SWID-PC from
   properly or completely fulfilling that request, the SWID-PC MUST send
   a PA-TNC Error attribute with an error code appropriate to the nature
   of the error.  In the case where a PA-TNC Error attribute is sent,
   the SWID-PC MUST NOT take any of the actions requested by the SWID
   Request attribute which led to the detected error.  This is the case
   even if some actions can be completed successfully, and might even
   require the SWID-PC to reverse some successful actions already taken
   before the error condition was detected.  In other words, either all
   aspects of a SWID Request complete fully and successfully (in which
   case the SWID-PC sends a SWID Response attribute), or no aspects of
   the SWID Request occur (in which case the SWID-PC sends a PA-TNC
   Error attribute).  In the case that a SWID-PC sends a PA-TNC Error
   attribute in response to a SWID Request then the SWID-PC MUST NOT
   also send any SWID Response attribute in response to the same SWID
   Request.  For this reason, the sending of a SWID Response attribute
   MUST be the last action taken by a SWID-PC in response to a SWID
   Request to avoid the possibility of a processing error occurring
   after that SWID Response attribute is sent.

   In the case that the SWID-PC detects an error that prevents it from
   properly or completely fulfilling its obligations under an active
   subscription, the SWID-PC MUST send a PA-TNC Error attribute of type
   SWID_SUBSCRIPTION_FULFILLMENT_ERROR to the SWID-PV that established
   this subscription.  This type of PA-TNC Error attribute identifies
   the specific subscription that cannot be adequately honored due to
   the error condition as well as an error "sub-type".  The error sub-
   type is used to indicate the type of error condition the SWID-PC
   experienced that prevented it from honoring the given subscription.
   In the case that the error condition cannot be identified or does not
   align with any of the defined error codes, the SWID_ERROR error code
   SHOULD be used in the sub-type.  In the case that a
   SWID_SUBSCRIPTION_FULFILLMENT_ERROR is sent, the associated
   subscription MUST be treated as cancelled by both the SWID-PC and
   SWID-PV.

   The SWID-PV MUST NOT send any PA-TNC Error attributes to SWID-PCs.
   In the case that a SWID-PV detects an error condition, it SHOULD log
   this error but does not inform any SWID-PC's of this event.  Errors
   might include, but are not limited to, detection of malformed SWID
   Response attributes sent from a given SWID-PC, as well as detection
   of error conditions when the SWID-PV processes SWID Responses.

   Both SWID-PCs and SWID-PVs SHOULD log errors so that administrators
   can trace the causes of errors.  Log messages SHOULD include the type
   of the error, the time it was detected, and additional descriptive



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   information to aid in understanding the nature and cause of the
   error.

4.  SWID Message and Attributes for PA-TNC Protocol

   This section describes the format and semantics of the SWID Message
   and Attributes for PA-TNC protocol leveraging the existing SWID tag
   format.  SWID Message and Attributes for PA-TNC uses the standard PA-
   TNC message header format.  See the PA-TNC specification [RFC5792]
   for information on this header format.

4.1.  PA Subtype (AKA PA-TNC Component Type)

   The NEA PB-TNC interface provides a general message-batching protocol
   capable of carrying one or more PA-TNC messages between the Posture
   Broker Client and Posture Broker Server.  When PB-TNC is carrying a
   PA-TNC message, the PB-TNC message headers contain a 32 bit
   identifier called the PA Subtype.  The PA Subtype field indicates the
   type of component associated with all of the PA-TNC attributes
   carried by the PB-TNC message.  The core set of PA Subtypes is
   defined in the PA-TNC specification.  In order for the NEA protocols
   to carry SWID tags, this specification adds the following enumeration
   element to the table in section 7.2 of the PA-TNC specification
   [RFC5792] using the IETF Standard name space (SMI Private Enterprise
   Number 0x000000):

   +-----+---------+----------------+----------------------------------+
   | PEN | Integer | Name           | Defining Specification           |
   +-----+---------+----------------+----------------------------------+
   | 0   | 9       | SWID           | SWID Message and Attributes for  |
   |     |         | Attributes     | PA-TNC                           |
   +-----+---------+----------------+----------------------------------+

                            Table 2: PA Subtype

   Each PA-TNC attribute described in this specification is intended to
   be sent between the SWID-PC and SWID-PV, so will be carried in a PB-
   TNC message indicating a PA Subtype of SWID Attributes.  Note that
   although the PA-TNC Error attribute is defined in the PA-TNC
   specification, when it is used in a SWID Attribute exchange, it uses
   the SWID Attributes Component Definition Value, as described in
   Section 4.2.8 of the PA-TNC specification [RFC5792].  PB-TNC messages
   MUST always include the SWID Attributes Subtype defined in this
   section when carrying SWID Attributes over PA-TNC.







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4.2.  PB-TNC and PA-TNC Messages

   A PA-TNC message is wrapped within a PB-TNC message.  A single PA-TNC
   message might contain one or more PA-TNC attributes.  All of these
   attributes within a single PA-TNC message use the same PA Subtype
   value.  As such, SWID Attributes are never sent with attributes
   defined in other PA-TNC binding specifications in a single PA-TNC
   message.  Note, however, that a single PB-TNC batch might contain
   multiple PB-TNC and PA-TNC messages, and each of those messages might
   use different PA Subtypes.

   For more information on PB-TNC and PA-TNC messages and message
   headers, see the PB-TNC [RFC5793] and PA-TNC [RFC5792]
   specifications, respectively.

4.3.  PA-TNC Attribute Header

   The SWID Message and Attributes for PA-TNC protocol described in this
   specification is an extension of the PA-TNC protocol described in the
   NEA Architecture.  PA-TNC was designed to be very flexible in order
   to carry many types of PA-TNC attributes that pertain to an
   enumerated set of component types (e.g.  Table 2).  PA-TNC attributes
   might be carried from Posture Collector to Posture Validator or vice
   versa and might carry information about endpoint state or other
   information to be sent between a Posture Validator and a Posture
   Collector.  Therefore the SWID Message and Attributes for PA-TNC
   specification defines a collection of PA-TNC attributes relevant to
   the collection and transmission of SWID tag inventories.

   Figure 4, reproduced from the PA-TNC specification, shows the format
   of a PA-TNC attribute.  Multiple PA-TNC attributes can be sent in a
   single PB-TNC message, each housed within an attribute structure as
   described below.


















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                        1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |     Flags     |          PA-TNC Attribute Vendor ID           |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                    PA-TNC Attribute Type                      |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                    PA-TNC Attribute Length                    |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |               Attribute Value (Variable Length)               |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+


               Figure 4: PA-TNC Header and Attribute Format

   +-----------+-------------------------------------------------------+
   | Field     | Description                                           |
   +-----------+-------------------------------------------------------+
   | Flags     | This field defines flags affecting the processing of  |
   |           | the SWID Message and Attributes for PA-TNC.           |
   |           | Permissible flags are given in the PA-TNC             |
   |           | specification. [RFC5792]                              |
   | Attribute | This field indicates the owner of the name space      |
   | Type      | associated with the Attribute Type.  Attributes       |
   | Vendor ID | defined in the SWID Message and Attributes for PA-TNC |
   |           | specification have a value corresponding to the IETF  |
   |           | SMI Private Enterprise Number value (0x000000). The   |
   |           | PA-TNC Error attribute is defined in the PA-TNC       |
   |           | specification [RFC5792] and also uses the IETF SMI    |
   |           | Private Enterprise Number Value (0x000000). See Table |
   |           | 4 for more information.                               |
   | Attribute | This field defines the type of the Attribute. The     |
   | Type      | values corresponding to SWID Attributes are given in  |
   |           | Table 4.                                              |
   | Attribute | This field contains the length in octets of the       |
   | Length    | entire Attribute, including the Attribute's header.   |
   | Attribute | This field contains the SWID Attribute.               |
   | Value     |                                                       |
   +-----------+-------------------------------------------------------+

              Table 3: Fields of the PA-TNC Attribute Format

4.4.  SWID Attribute Overview

   The attributes defined in this specification appear below with a
   short summary of their purposes.  Each attribute is described in
   greater detail in subsequent sections.




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   o  SWID Request - This attribute is used to request a SWID tag
      inventory or SWID event list from an endpoint.  This attribute
      might also establish a subscription on the recipient SWID-PC.  A
      SWID-PC MUST NOT send this attribute.

   o  SWID Tag Identifier Inventory - This attribute is used to convey
      an inventory expressed using SWID tag identifier instances
      (instead of full tags).  When a SWID-PC receives a SWID Request
      attribute requesting an inventory using SWID tag identifier
      instances, the SWID-PC MUST send a SWID Tag Identifier Inventory
      attribute (or a PA-TNC Error) in response.  This attribute also
      MAY be sent by the SWID-PC in fulfillment of an active
      subscription.  A SWID-PV MUST NOT send this attribute.

   o  SWID Tag Identifier Events - This attribute is used to convey a
      list of events concerning changes to an endpoint's collection of
      SWID tags.  Affected SWID tags are indicated using SWID tag
      identifier instances (instead of full tags).  When a SWID-PC
      receives a SWID Request attribute requesting an event collection
      using with SWID tag identifier instances, the SWID-PC MUST send a
      SWID Tag Identifier Events attribute (or a PA-TNC Error) in
      response.  This attribute also MAY be sent by the SWID-PC in
      fulfillment of an active subscription.  A SWID-PV MUST NOT send
      this attribute.

   o  SWID Tag Inventory - This attribute is used to convey an inventory
      expressed using full SWID tags (instead of SWID tag identifier
      instances).  When a SWID-PC receives a SWID Request attribute
      requesting an inventory using full SWID tags, the SWID-PC MUST
      send a SWID Tag Inventory attribute (or a PA-TNC Error) in
      response.  This attribute also MAY be sent by the SWID-PC in
      fulfillment of an active subscription.  A SWID-PV MUST NOT send
      this attribute.

   o  SWID Tag Events - This attribute is used to convey a list of
      events concerning changes to an endpoint's collection of SWID
      tags.  Affected SWID tags are indicated using full SWID tags
      (instead of SWID tag identifier instances).  When a SWID-PC
      receives a SWID Request attribute requesting an event collection
      using full SWID tags, the SWID-PC MUST send a SWID Tag Events
      attribute (or a PA-TNC Error) in response.  This attribute also
      MAY be sent by the SWID-PC in fulfillment of an active
      subscription.  A SWID-PV MUST NOT send this attribute.

   o  Subscription Status Request - This attribute is used to request a
      SWID-PC send a summary of all the active subscriptions it has
      where the requesting party is the subscriber.  The SWID-PC MUST




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      respond with a Subscription Status Response (or a PA-TNC Error).
      A SWID-PC MUST NOT send this attribute.

   o  Subscription Status Response - This attribute is used to convey
      information about the active subscriptions that a SWID-PC has for
      a given subscriber.  A SWID-PV MUST NOT send this attribute.

   o  PA-TNC Error - This is the standard PA-TNC Error attribute as
      defined in PA-TNC [RFC5792] and is used to indicate that an error
      was encountered during a SWID Attribute exchange.  It MUST be sent
      by a SWID-PC in response to a SWID Request in the case where the
      SWID-PC encounters a fatal error (i.e., an error that prevents
      further processing of an exchange) relating to the attribute
      exchange.  A SWID-PV MUST NOT send this attribute.  The SWID-PC
      MUST then ignore the erroneous attribute after a PA-TNC Error
      attribute is sent (i.e., do not attempt to act on an attribute
      that generated a PA-TNC Error beyond sending the PA-TNC Error).
      In the case where the SWID-PV experiences a fatal error, it MUST
      ignore the erroneous attribute without sending a PA-TNC Error
      attribute.  It MAY take other actions in response to the error,
      such as logging the cause of the error, or even taking actions to
      isolate the endpoint

   Because one of the SWID Tag Identifier Inventory, SWID Tag Identifier
   Events, SWID Tag Inventory, or SWID Tag Events attributes is expected
   to be sent to a SWID-PV in direct response to a SWID Request
   attribute or in fulfillment of an active subscription, those four
   attribute types are frequently referred to collectively in this
   document as "SWID Response" attributes.

   All SWID-PVs MUST be capable of sending SWID Requests and be capable
   of receiving and processing all SWID Response attributes as well as
   PA-TNC Error attributes.  All SWID-PCs MUST be capable of receiving
   and processing SWID Requests and be capable of sending all types of
   SWID Response attributes as well as PA-TNC Error attributes.  In
   other words, both SWID-PVs and SWID-PCs are required to support their
   role in exchanges using any of the attribute types defined in this
   section.  SWID-PVs MUST ignore any SWID Request attributes that they
   receive.  SWID-PCs MUST ignore any SWID Response attributes or PA-TNC
   Error attributes that they receive.

4.5.  SWID Attribute Exchanges

   A SWID Attribute Exchange is used to provide the SWID-PV with a SWID
   tag inventory or event collection from the queried endpoint.






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       +-------------+                      +--------------+
       |  SWID-PC    |                      |   SWID-PV    |  Time
       +-------------+                      +--------------+   |
             |                                     |           |
             |<-----------SWID Request-------------|           |
             |                                     |           |
             |            SWID Response*           |           |
             |-----------------or----------------->|           |
             |             PA-TNC Error            |           |
             |                                     |           V

     *SWID Response is one of the following: SWID Tag Identifier
      Inventory, SWID Tag Identifier Events, SWID Tag Inventory,
      or SWID Tag Events.


    Figure 5: SWID Attribute Exchange (Direct Response to SWID Request)

   In this exchange, the SWID-PV indicates to the SWID-PC, via a SWID
   Request, the nature of the information it wishes to receive
   (inventory vs. events, full or targeted) and how it wishes the
   returned inventory to be expressed (full tags or tag identifier
   instances).  The SWID-PC responds with the requested information
   using the appropriate attribute type.  A single SWID Request MUST
   only lead to a single SWID Response or PA-TNC Error that is in direct
   response to that request.

   In addition, if there is an active subscription on the endpoint, the
   SWID-PC sends a SWID Response to the SWID-PV following a change event
   on the endpoint in fulfillment of that subscription.  Such an
   exchange is shown in Figure 6.


            +-------------+                +--------------+
            |  SWID-PC    |                |   SWID-PV    |  Time
            +-------------+                +--------------+   |
                  |                               |           |
    <Change Event>|                               |           |
                  |-------SWID Response(s)*------>|           |
                  |                               |           |

     *SWID Response is one of the following: SWID Tag Identifier
      Inventory, SWID Tag Identifier Events, SWID Tag Inventory,
      or SWID Tag Events.


      Figure 6: SWID Attribute Exchange (In Fulfillment of an Active
                               Subscription)



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   Note that, unlike direct responses to a SWID Request, a single change
   event can precipitate multiple SWID Responses, but only if all but
   the last of those SWID Responses convey partial lists of event
   records, and the last of those SWID Responses conveys a complete list
   of event records.  (That is, the initial responses are partial lists
   and the last response is the remainder of the relevant event records,
   completing the delivery of all relevant events at the time of the
   change event.)  A single Change Event MUST NOT be followed by
   multiple SWID Response or PA-TNC Error attributes in any combination
   except as noted earlier in this paragraph.

   All SWID-PVs and SWID-PCs MUST support both exchanges.  In
   particular, SWID-PCs MUST be capable of pushing a SWID Response to a
   SWID-PV immediately upon detection of a change to the endpoint's SWID
   tag collection in fulfillment of established SWID-PV subscriptions,
   as described in Section 3.8.

4.6.  SWID Message and Attributes for PA-TNC Attribute Enumeration

   PA-TNC attribute types are identified in the PA-TNC Attribute Header
   (see Section 4.2) via the Attribute Type Vendor ID and Attribute Type
   fields.  Table 4 identifies the appropriate values for these fields
   for each attribute type used within the SWID Message and Attributes
   for PA-TNC protocol.



























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   +--------------+----------+------------+----------------------------+
   | Attribute    | PEN      | Integer    | Description                |
   | Name         |          |            |                            |
   +--------------+----------+------------+----------------------------+
   | SWID Request | 0x000000 | 0x00000011 | Request from a SWID-PV to  |
   |              |          |            | a SWID-PC for the SWID-PC  |
   |              |          |            | to provide a SWID tag      |
   |              |          |            | inventory or event list    |
   | SWID Tag     | 0x000000 | 0x00000012 | A collection of SWID tag   |
   | Identifier   |          |            | identifier instances sent  |
   | Inventory    |          |            | from a SWID-PC.            |
   | SWID Tag     | 0x000000 | 0x00000013 | A collection of events     |
   | Identifier   |          |            | impacting the endpoint's   |
   | Events       |          |            | SWID tag collection, where |
   |              |          |            | impacted SWID tags are     |
   |              |          |            | indicated using SWID tag   |
   |              |          |            | identifier instances.      |
   | SWID Tag     | 0x000000 | 0x00000014 | A collection of SWID tags  |
   | Inventory    |          |            | sent from a SWID-PC.       |
   | SWID Tag     | 0x000000 | 0x00000015 | A collection of events     |
   | Events       |          |            | impacting the endpoint's   |
   |              |          |            | SWID tag collection, where |
   |              |          |            | impacted SWID tags are     |
   |              |          |            | indicated using full SWID  |
   |              |          |            | tags.                      |
   | Subscription | 0x000000 | 0x00000016 | A request for a list of a  |
   | Status       |          |            | SWID-PV's active           |
   | Request      |          |            | subscription.              |
   | Subscription | 0x000000 | 0x00000017 | A list of a SWID-PV's      |
   | Status       |          |            | active subscriptions.      |
   | Response     |          |            |                            |
   | Reserved     | 0x000000 | 0x00000018 | These attribute types are  |
   |              |          | -          | reserved for future use in |
   |              |          | 0x0000001F | revisions to SWID Message  |
   |              |          |            | and Attributes for PA-TNC. |
   | PA-TNC Error | 0x000000 | 0x00000008 | An error attribute as      |
   |              |          |            | defined in the PA-TNC      |
   |              |          |            | specification [RFC5792].   |
   +--------------+----------+------------+----------------------------+

                    Table 4: SWID Attribute Enumeration

4.7.  Normalization of Text Encoding

   SWID tags do not have a required encoding format.  The 2009 ISO SWID
   specification states that "For encoding purposes, the use of utf-8 is
   the suggested methodology for software identification tags...", but
   leaves implementers free to use different encodings if this makes



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   sense in their local environment.  As such, implementers of the SWID
   Message and Attributes for PA-TNC specification cannot assume any
   specific encoding of SWID tag fields (although, in most current
   examples of SWID tags, SWID tag creators have followed the suggestion
   of using UTF-8 encodings).  Similarly, sometimes the SWID Message and
   Attributes for PA-TNC specification requires the use of data taken
   from other sources, such a path from the endpoint's file system, and
   different platforms might use different encodings for this
   information.  In order to ensure the ability to consistently and
   reliably compare information sent using the SWID Message and
   Attributes for PA-TNC exchange, certain field values (identified
   explicitly in the attribute definitions in the following sections)
   are required to undergo normalization prior to their inclusion in an
   attribute.

   In order to ensure consistency of transmitted attributes, a field
   requiring normalization, as indicated in its description, and only
   such fields MUST be normalized to Network Unicode format as defined
   in RFC 5198 [RFC5198].  Network Unicode format defines a refinement
   of UTF-8 that ensures a normalized expression of characters.  SWID-
   PCs and SWID-PVs MUST NOT perform conversion and normalization on any
   field values except those specifically identified in the following
   sections.

4.8.  Request IDs

   All SWID Request attributes MUST include a Request ID value.  The
   Request ID field provides a value that identifies a given request
   relative to other requests between a SWID-PV and the receiving SWID-
   PC.  Specifically, the SWID-PV assigns each SWID Request attribute a
   Request ID value that is intended to be unique within the lifetime of
   a given network connection ID as assigned by the SWID-PV's Posture
   Broker Server (as described in section 3.5.2.2 of the IF-IMV
   specification [IF-IMV]).  In the case where all possible Request ID
   values have been exhausted within the lifetime of a single network
   connection ID, the sender MAY reuse previously used Request IDs
   within the same network connection that are not being used as
   Subscription IDs.  (See below in this section for an explanation of
   Subscription ID assignment.)  In this case of Request ID reuse,
   Request IDs SHOULD be reused in the order of their original use.  For
   example, if a Request ID of X was the first Request ID used within a
   particular network connection and if the Request IDs are exhausted, X
   will be the first reused Request ID.  In other words, a SWID-PC
   SHOULD NOT use a given Request ID value more than once within a
   persistent connection between a given Posture Broker Client-Posture
   Broker Server pair, but, in the case where reuse is necessary due to
   exhaustion of possible ID values, the SWID-PC SHOULD structure the
   reuse to maximize the time between original and subsequent use.  The



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   Request ID value is included in a response attribute directly
   responding to this SWID Request to indicate which SWID Request was
   received and caused the response.  Request IDs can be randomly
   generated or sequential, as long as values are not repeated per the
   rules in this paragraph.  SWID-PCs are not required to check for
   duplicate Request IDs.

   In the case that a SWID Request requests the establishment of a
   subscription and the receiving SWID-PC agrees to that subscription,
   the Request ID of that SWID Request (i.e., the establishing request
   of the subscription) becomes that subscription's Subscription ID.
   All attributes sent in fulfillment of this subscription include a
   flag indicating that the attribute fulfills a subscription and the
   subscription's Subscription ID.  A SWID-PV MUST NOT reuse a Request
   ID value in communicating to a given SWID-PC while that Request ID is
   also serving as a Subscription ID for an active subscription with
   that SWID-PC.  In the case where a SWID-PC receives a SWID Request
   from a given SWID-PV where that Request ID is also the Subscription
   ID of an active subscription with that SWID-PV, the SWID-PC MUST
   respond with a PA-TNC Error attribute with an error code of
   SWID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID_REUSE_ERROR.  Note that this error does not
   cancel the indicated subscription.

   Subscription Status Requests and Subscription Status Responses do not
   include Request IDs.

4.9.  SWID Request

   A SWID-PV sends this attribute to a SWID-PC to request that the SWID-
   PC send SWID tag-based information to the SWID-PV.  A SWID-PC MUST
   NOT send this attribute.




















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                        1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |  Flags        |       Tag ID Count                            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                       Request ID                              |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                       Earliest EID                            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |   Tag Creator Length          | Tag Creator (variable length) |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |   Unique Software ID Length   |Unique Software ID (var length)|
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+


                     Figure 7: SWID Request Attribute

   +---------------+---------------------------------------------------+
   | Field         | Description                                       |
   +---------------+---------------------------------------------------+
   | Flags: Bit 0  | If set (1), the SWID-PC MUST delete all           |
   | - Clear       | subscriptions established by the requesting SWID- |
   | Subscriptions | PV (barring any errors).                          |
   | Flags: Bit 1  | If set (1), in addition to responding to the      |
   | - Subscribe   | request as described, the SWID-PC MUST establish  |
   |               | a subscription with parameters matching those in  |
   |               | the request attribute (barring any errors).       |
   | Flags: Bit 2  | If unset (0), the SWID-PC's response MUST consist |
   | - Result Type | of complete SWID tags and thus the response MUST  |
   |               | be a SWID Tag Inventory, a SWID Tag Events, or a  |
   |               | PA-TNC Error attribute. If set (1), the response  |
   |               | MUST consist of SWID tag identifier instances and |
   |               | thus the response MUST be a SWID Tag Identifier   |
   |               | Inventory, a SWID Tag Identifier Events, or a PA- |
   |               | TNC Error attribute.                              |
   | Flags: Bit    | Reserved for future use. This field MUST be set   |
   | 3-7 -         | to zero on transmission and ignored upon          |
   | Reserved      | reception.                                        |
   | Tag ID Count  | A 3-byte unsigned integer indicating the number   |
   |               | of tag identifiers that follow. If this value is  |
   |               | non-zero, this is a targeted request, as          |
   |               | described in Section 3.4. This field is a 3-byte  |
   |               | unsigned integer. The Tag Creator Length, Tag     |
   |               | Creator, Unique Software ID Length, and Unique    |
   |               | Software ID fields are repeated, in order, the    |
   |               | number of times indicated in this field. In the   |
   |               | case where tag identifiers are present, the SWID- |
   |               | PC MUST only respond with SWID tags or tag        |



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   |               | identifier instances that correspond to the       |
   |               | identifiers the SWID-PV provided in this          |
   |               | attribute (or with a PA-TNC Error attribute).     |
   |               | This field value MAY be 0, in which case there    |
   |               | are no instances of the Tag Creator Length, Tag   |
   |               | Creator, Unique Software ID Length, and Unique    |
   |               | Software ID fields. In this case, the SWID-PV is  |
   |               | indicating an interest in all SWID tags on the    |
   |               | endpoint (i.e., this is not a targeted request).  |
   | Request ID    | A value that uniquely identifies this SWID        |
   |               | Request from a particular SWID-PV.                |
   | Earliest EID  | In the case where the SWID-PV is requesting SWID  |
   |               | events, this field contains the EID value of the  |
   |               | earliest event the SWID-PV wishes to have         |
   |               | reported. (Note - the report will be inclusive of |
   |               | the event with this EID value.) In the case where |
   |               | the SWID-PV is requesting an inventory, then this |
   |               | field MUST be 0. (0x00000000) In the case where   |
   |               | this field is non-zero, the SWID-PV is requesting |
   |               | events and the SWID-PC MUST respond using a SWID  |
   |               | Tag Events, SWID Tag Identifier Events, or a PA-  |
   |               | TNC Error attribute. In the case where this field |
   |               | is zero, the SWID-PV is requesting an inventory   |
   |               | and the SWID-PC MUST respond using a SWID Tag     |
   |               | Inventory, a SWID Tag Identifier Inventory, or a  |
   |               | PA-TNC Error attribute.                           |
   | Tag Creator   | A 2-byte unsigned integer indicating the length   |
   | Length        | in bytes of the Tag Creator field.                |
   | Tag Creator   | A string containing the Tag Creator RegID value   |
   |               | from within a SWID tag. This field value MUST be  |
   |               | normalized to Network Unicode format, as          |
   |               | described in Section 4.7.  This string MUST NOT   |
   |               | be NULL terminated.                               |
   | Unique        | A 2-byte unsigned integer indicating the length   |
   | Software ID   | in bytes of the Unique Software ID field.         |
   | Length        |                                                   |
   | Unique        | A string containing the Unique ID value from      |
   | Software ID   | within a SWID tag. This field value MUST be       |
   |               | normalized to Network Unicode format, as          |
   |               | described in Section 4.7. This string MUST NOT be |
   |               | NULL terminated.                                  |
   +---------------+---------------------------------------------------+

                  Table 5: SWID Request Attribute Fields

   The SWID-PV sends the SWID Request attribute to a SWID-PC to request
   the indicated information.  Note that between the Result Type flag
   and the Earliest EID field, the SWID-PC is constrained to a single



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   possible SWID Response attribute type (or a PA-TNC Error attribute)
   in its response to the request.

   The Subscribe and Clear Subscription flags are used to manage
   subscriptions for the requesting SWID-PV on the receiving SWID-PC.
   Specifically, an attribute with the Subscribe flag set seeks to
   establish a new subscription by the requesting SWID-PV to the given
   SWID-PC, while an attribute with the Clear Subscription flag seeks to
   delete all existing subscriptions by the requesting SWID-PV on the
   given SWID-PC.  Note that, in the latter case, only the subscriptions
   associated with the Connection ID and, if available, the Posture
   Validator ID of the requester are deleted as described in
   Section 3.8.3.  A newly established subscription has the parameters
   outlined in the Request attribute.  Specifically, the Result Type
   flag indicates the type of result to send in fulfillment of the
   subscription, the value of the Earliest EID field indicates whether
   the fulfillment attributes list inventories or events, and the fields
   describing tag identifiers (if present) indicate if and how a
   subscription is targeted.  In the case that the SWID-PC is unable or
   unwilling to comply with the SWID-PV's request to establish or clear
   subscriptions, the SWID-PC MUST respond with a PA-TNC Error attribute
   with the SWID_SUBSCRIPTION_DENIED_ERROR error code.  (Note that if
   the SWID-PV requests that subscriptions be cleared but has no
   existing subscriptions, this is not an error.)

   An attribute requesting the establishment of a subscription is
   effectively doing double-duty, as it is a request for an immediate
   response from the SWID-PC in addition to setting up the subscription.
   A SWID-PC MUST send an appropriate response attribute to a request
   with the Subscribe flag set containing all requested information.
   The same is true of the Clear Subscription flag - the SWID-PC MUST
   generate a response attribute without regard to the presence of this
   flag in addition to clearing its subscription list.

   Both the Subscribe and Clear Subscription flags MAY be set in a
   single SWID Request attribute.  In the case where this request is
   successful, the end result MUST be equivalent to the SWID-PC clearing
   its subscription list for the given SWID-PV first and then creating a
   new subscription in accordance with the request parameters.  (In
   other words, do not first create the new subscription and then clear
   all the subscriptions including the one that was just created.)  In
   the case that the requested actions are successfully completed, the
   SWID-PC MUST respond with a SWID Response attribute.  (The specific
   type of SWID Response attribute depends on the Result Type and
   Earliest EID fields, as described above.)  In the case where there is
   a failure that prevents some part this request from completing, the
   SWID-PC MUST NOT add a new subscription, MUST NOT clear the old
   subscriptions, and the SWID-PC MUST respond with a PA-TNC Error



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   attribute.  In other words, the SWID-PC MUST NOT partially succeed at
   implementing such a request; either both actions succeed, or neither
   succeed.

   The Earliest EID field is used to indicate whether the SWID-PV is
   requesting an inventory or event list from the SWID-PC.  A value of 0
   (0x00000000) represents a request for inventory information.
   Otherwise, the SWID-PV is requesting event information.  For Earliest
   EID values other than 0, the SWID-PC's response MUST respond with
   event records, as described in Section 3.6.  Note that the request
   does not identify a particular EID Epoch, since responses can only
   include events in the SWID-PC's current EID Epoch.

   The Tag ID Count indicates the number of tag identifiers in the
   attribute.  This number might be any value between 0 and 16,777,216,
   inclusive.  A single tag identifier is represented by four fields:
   Tag Creator Length, Tag Creator, Unique Software ID Length, and
   Unique Software ID.  The two length fields are used to indicate the
   number of bytes allocated to their corresponding string field.  The
   two string fields, Tag Creator and Unique Software ID, contain copies
   of the SWID tag's Tag Creator RegID and Unique ID values,
   respectively, converted and normalized to Network Unicode format, as
   described in Section 4.7.  Note that there is no field to indicate a
   particular Instance ID.  Thus, targeted requests request all
   instances of the indicated SWID tags.  The presence of one or more
   tag identifiers is used by the SWID-PV to indicate a targeted
   request, which seeks only inventories of or events affecting SWID
   tags corresponding to the given identifiers.  The SWID-PC MUST only
   respond with tags that match the tag identifier structures provided
   in the SWID-PVs SWID Request attribute (as described in
   Section 3.3.3) and MUST include all instances of matching tags in its
   response.

4.10.  SWID Tag Identifier Inventory

   A SWID-PC sends this attribute to a SWID-PV to convey a list of the
   endpoint's SWID tags expressed using SWID tag identifier instances.
   This list might represent a complete inventory or a targeted list of
   tags, depending on the parameters in the SWID-PV's request.  A SWID-
   PV MUST NOT send this attribute.  The SWID-PC either sends this
   attribute in fulfillment of an existing subscription where the
   establishing request has a Result Type of 1 and the Earliest EID is
   zero, or in direct response to a SWID Request attribute where the
   Result Type is 1 and the Earliest EID is zero.







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                        1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |  Flags        |               Tag ID Count                    |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |               Request ID Copy / Subscription ID               |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                        EID Epoch                              |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                        Last EID                               |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   | Tag Creator Length            | Tag Creator (variable length) |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   | Unique Software ID Length     |Unique Software ID (var length |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   | Instance ID Length            | Instance ID (var length)      |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+


             Figure 8: SWID Tag Identifier Inventory Attribute

   +--------------+----------------------------------------------------+
   | Field        | Description                                        |
   +--------------+----------------------------------------------------+
   | Flags: Bit 0 | In the case that this attribute is sent in         |
   | -            | fulfillment of a subscription this bit MUST be set |
   | Subscription | (1).  In the case that this attribute is a direct  |
   | Fulfillment  | response to a SWID Request, this bit MUST be unset |
   |              | (0).                                               |
   | Flags: Bit   | Reserved for future use. This field MUST be set to |
   | 1-7 -        | zero on transmission and ignored upon reception.   |
   | Reserved     |                                                    |
   | Tag ID Count | The number of tag identifier instances that        |
   |              | follow. This field is an unsigned integer. The Tag |
   |              | Creator Length, Tag Creator, Unique Software ID    |
   |              | Length, Unique Software ID, Instance ID Length,    |
   |              | and Instance ID fields are repeated, in order, the |
   |              | number of times indicated in this field. This      |
   |              | field value MAY be 0, in which case there are no   |
   |              | instances of these fields.                         |
   | Request ID   | In the case where this attribute is in direct      |
   | Copy /       | response to a SWID Request attribute from a SWID-  |
   | Subscription | PV, this field MUST contain an exact copy of the   |
   | ID           | Request ID field from that SWID Request.  In the   |
   |              | case where this attribute is sent in fulfillment   |
   |              | of an active subscription, this field MUST contain |
   |              | the Subscription ID of the subscription being      |
   |              | fulfilled by this attribute.                       |



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   | EID Epoch    | The EID Epoch of the Last EID value. This field is |
   |              | an unsigned 4-byte integer.                        |
   | Last EID     | The EID of the last event recorded by the SWID-PC, |
   |              | or 0 if the SWID-PC has no recorded events. This   |
   |              | field is an unsigned 4-byte integer.               |
   | Tag Creator  | A 2-byte unsigned integer indicating the length in |
   | Length       | bytes of the Tag Creator field.                    |
   | Tag Creator  | A string containing the Tag Creator RegID value    |
   |              | from within a SWID tag. This field value MUST be   |
   |              | normalized to Network Unicode format, as described |
   |              | in Section 4.7. This string MUST NOT be NULL       |
   |              | terminated.                                        |
   | Unique       | A 2-byte unsigned integer indicating the length in |
   | Software ID  | bytes of the Unique Software ID field.             |
   | Length       |                                                    |
   | Unique       | A string containing the Unique ID value from       |
   | Software ID  | within a SWID tag. This field value MUST be        |
   |              | normalized to Network Unicode format, as described |
   |              | in Section 4.7. This string MUST NOT be NULL       |
   |              | terminated.                                        |
   | Instance ID  | A 2-byte unsigned integer indicating the length in |
   | Length       | bytes of the Instance ID field.                    |
   | Instance ID  | A string containing the Instance ID of a given tag |
   |              | instance. The exact value of this field depends on |
   |              | the party that provides this SWID tag. This field  |
   |              | value MUST be normalized to Network Unicode        |
   |              | format, as described in Section 4.7. This string   |
   |              | MUST NOT be NULL terminated.                       |
   +--------------+----------------------------------------------------+

          Table 6: SWID Tag Identifier Inventory Attribute Fields

   In the case that this attribute is sent in fulfillment of a
   subscription, the Subscription Fulfillment bit MUST be set (1).  In
   the case that this attribute is sent in direct response to a SWID
   Request, the Subscription Fulfillment bit MUST be unset (0).  Note
   that the SWID response attribute sent in direct response to a SWID
   Request that establishes a subscription (i.e., a subscription's
   establishing request) MUST be treated as a direct response to that
   SWID Request (and thus the Subscription Fulfillment bit is unset).
   SWID Response attributes are only treated as being in fulfillment of
   a subscription (i.e., Subscription Fulfillment bit set) if they are
   sent following a change event, as shown in Figure 3.

   The Tag ID Count field indicates the number of tag identifier
   instances present in this inventory.  Each tag identifier instance is
   represented by a set of six fields: Tag Creator Length, Tag Creator,
   Unique Software ID Length, Unique Software ID, Instance ID Length,



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   and Instance ID.  These six fields, collectively referred to as the
   "Tag ID Fields", will appear once for each reported tag instance.
   Note that an endpoint's SWID tag collection might contain multiple
   instances of a single tag (i.e., multiple tag files with the same tag
   identifier value).  When this occurs, in the case where that tag is
   reported, then the response MUST contain a set of Tag ID Fields for
   each instance of that tag.  (The tag might not be reported if the
   SWID-PV made a targeted request that does not match that tag's tag
   identifier.)  For example, if an endpoint has three copies of tag X,
   and the SWID-PV requests a full inventory, then the response is
   required to include three sets of Tag ID Fields corresponding to the
   three instances of that tag.  Only the Instance ID fields are
   different between these three instances.

   When responding directly to a SWID Request attribute, the Request ID
   Copy / Subscription ID field MUST contain an exact copy of the
   Request ID field from that SWID Request.  When this attribute is sent
   in fulfillment of an existing subscription on this Posture Collector,
   then this field MUST contain the Subscription ID of the fulfilled
   subscription.

   The EID Epoch field indicates the EID Epoch of the Last EID value.
   The Last EID field MUST contain the EID of the last recorded change
   event (see Section 3.6 for more about EIDs and recorded events) at
   the time this inventory was collected.  In the case where there are
   no recorded change events at the time that this inventory was
   collected, this field MUST contain 0.  These fields can be
   interpreted to indicate that the provided inventory (be it full or
   targeted) reflects the record of events on the endpoint after all
   changes up to and including this last event have been accounted for.

4.11.  SWID Tag Identifier Events

   A SWID-PC sends this attribute to a SWID-PV to convey events where
   the affected SWID tags are expressed using SWID tag identifier
   instances.  A SWID-PV MUST NOT send this attribute.  The SWID-PC
   either sends this attribute in fulfillment of an existing
   subscription where the establishing request has a Result Type is 1
   and the Earliest EID is non-zero, or in direct response to a SWID
   Request attribute where the Result Type is 1 and the Earliest EID is
   non-zero.










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                        1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |  Flags        |                Event Count                    |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |            Request ID Copy / Subscription ID                  |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                       EID Epoch                               |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                        Last EID                               |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |               Last Consulted EID                              |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                          EID                                  |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                       Timestamp                               |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                       Timestamp                               |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                       Timestamp                               |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                       Timestamp                               |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                       Timestamp                               |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |  Action       | Tag Creator Length            |Tag Creator (v)|
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |   Unique Software ID Length   |Unique Software ID (var length)|
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |    Instance ID Length         |   Instance ID (var length)    |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+


              Figure 9: SWID Tag Identifier Events Attribute

   +--------------+----------------------------------------------------+
   | Field        | Description                                        |
   +--------------+----------------------------------------------------+
   | Flags: Bit 0 | In the case that this attribute is sent in         |
   | -            | fulfillment of a subscription this bit MUST be set |
   | Subscription | (1).  In the case that this attribute is a direct  |
   | Fulfillment  | response to a SWID Request, this bit MUST be unset |
   |              | (0).                                               |
   | Flags: Bit   | Reserved for future use. This field MUST be set to |
   | 1-7 -        | zero on transmission and ignored upon reception.   |
   | Reserved     |                                                    |
   | Event Count  | The number of events that are reported in this     |
   |              | attribute. This field is a 3-byte unsigned         |



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   |              | integer.  The EID, Timestamp, Action, Tag Creator  |
   |              | Length, Tag Creator, Unique Software ID Length,    |
   |              | Unique Software ID, Instance ID Length, and        |
   |              | Instance ID fields are repeated, in order, the     |
   |              | number of times indicated in this field. (An       |
   |              | instance of these nine fields is referred to as an |
   |              | "event record" in this attribute.  Thus the Event  |
   |              | Count field indicates the number of event          |
   |              | records.) This field value MAY be 0, in which case |
   |              | there are no instances of these fields.            |
   | Request ID   | In the case where this attribute is in direct      |
   | Copy /       | response to a SWID Request attribute from a SWID-  |
   | Subscription | PV, this field MUST contain an exact copy of the   |
   | ID           | Request ID field from that SWID Request.  In the   |
   |              | case where this attribute is sent in fulfillment   |
   |              | of an active subscription, this field MUST contain |
   |              | the Subscription ID of the subscription being      |
   |              | fulfilled by this attribute.                       |
   | EID Epoch    | The EID Epoch of the Last EID value. This field is |
   |              | an unsigned 4-byte integer.                        |
   | Last EID     | The EID of the last event recorded by the SWID-PC, |
   |              | or 0 if the SWID-PC has no recorded events. This   |
   |              | field contains the EID of the SWID-PC's last       |
   |              | recorded change event (which might or might not be |
   |              | included as an event record in this attribute).    |
   | Last         | The EID of the last event record that was          |
   | Consulted    | consulted when generating the event record list    |
   | EID          | included in this attribute. This is different from |
   |              | the Last EID field value if and only if this       |
   |              | attribute is conveying a partial list of event     |
   |              | records. See Section 3.6.4 for more on partial     |
   |              | list of event records.                             |
   | EID          | The EID of the event in this event record.         |
   | Timestamp    | The timestamp associated with the event in this    |
   |              | event record. This timestamps is the SWID-PC's     |
   |              | best understanding of when the given event         |
   |              | occurred. Note that this timestamp might be an     |
   |              | estimate.  The Timestamp date and time MUST be     |
   |              | represented as an RFC 3339 [5] compliant ASCII     |
   |              | string in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) time    |
   |              | with the additional restrictions that the 'T'      |
   |              | delimiter and the 'Z' suffix MUST be capitalized   |
   |              | and fractional seconds (time-secfrac) MUST NOT be  |
   |              | included. This field conforms to the date-time     |
   |              | ABNF production from section 5.6 of RFC 3339       |
   |              | [RFC3339] with the above restrictions.  Leap       |
   |              | seconds are permitted and SWID-PVs MUST support    |
   |              | them.  The Timestamp string MUST NOT be NULL       |



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   |              | terminated or padded in any way. The length of     |
   |              | this field is always 20 octets.                    |
   | Action       | The type of event that is recorded in this event   |
   |              | record. Possible values are: 1 = CREATION - the    |
   |              | addition of a tag to the endpoint's SWID tag       |
   |              | collection; 2 = DELETION - the removal of a tag    |
   |              | from the endpoint's SWID tag collection; 3 =       |
   |              | ALTERATION - There was an alteration to a tag file |
   |              | within the endpoint's tag collection. All other    |
   |              | values are reserved for future use and MUST NOT be |
   |              | used when sending attributes. In the case where a  |
   |              | SWID-PV receives an event record that uses an      |
   |              | action value other than the ones defined here, it  |
   |              | MUST ignore that event record but SHOULD process   |
   |              | other event records in this attribute as normal.   |
   | Tag Creator  | A 2-byte unsigned integer indicating the length in |
   | Length       | bytes of the Tag Creator field of the tag affected |
   |              | by the described event.                            |
   | Tag Creator  | A string containing the Tag Creator RegID value    |
   |              | from within the SWID tag affected by the described |
   |              | event.  This field value MUST be normalized to     |
   |              | Network Unicode format, as described in Section    |
   |              | 4.7. This string MUST NOT be NULL terminated.      |
   | Unique       | A 2-byte unsigned integer indicating the length in |
   | Software ID  | bytes of the Unique Software ID field of the tag   |
   | Length       | affected by the described event.                   |
   | Unique       | A string containing the Unique ID value from       |
   | Software ID  | within the SWID tag affected by the described      |
   |              | event.  This field value MUST be normalized to     |
   |              | Network Unicode format, as described in Section    |
   |              | 4.7. This string MUST NOT be NULL terminated.      |
   | Instance ID  | A 2-byte unsigned integer indicating the length in |
   | Length       | bytes of the Instance ID field.                    |
   | Instance ID  | A string containing the Instance ID of a given tag |
   |              | instance. The exact value of this field depends on |
   |              | the party that provides this SWID tag. This field  |
   |              | value MUST be normalized to Network Unicode        |
   |              | format, as described in Section 4.7. This string   |
   |              | MUST NOT be NULL terminated.                       |
   +--------------+----------------------------------------------------+

           Table 7: SWID Tag Identifier Events Attribute Fields

   The first few fields in the SWID Tag Identifier Events attribute
   mirror those in the SWID Tag Identifier Inventory attribute.  The
   primary difference is that, instead of conveying an inventory using
   tag identifier instances, the attribute conveys zero or more event




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   records, including the EID, timestamp, action type, and tag
   identifier instance of the affected tag.

   With regard to the Timestamp field, it is important to note that
   clock skew between the SWID-PC and SWID-PV as well as between
   different SWID-PCs within an enterprise might make correlation of
   timestamp values difficult.  This specification does not attempt to
   resolve clock skew issues, although other mechanisms outside of this
   specification do exist to reduce the impact of clock skew and make
   the timestamp more useful for such correlation.  Instead, SWID
   Message and Attributes for PA-TNC uses Timestamp value primarily as a
   means to indicate the amount of time between two events on a single
   endpoint.  For example, by taking the difference of the times for
   when a SWID tag was removed and then subsequently re-added, one can
   get an indication as to how long the system was without the given tag
   (and, thus without the associated software).  Since this will involve
   comparison of timestamp values all originating on the same system,
   clock skew between the SWID-PC and SWID-PV is not an issue.  However,
   if the SWID-PC's clock was adjusted between two recorded events, it
   is possible for such a calculation to lead to incorrect
   understandings of the temporal distance between events.  Users of
   this field need to be aware of the possibility for such occurrences.
   In the case where the Timestamp values of two events appear to
   contradict the EID ordering of those events (i.e., the later EID has
   an earlier timestamp) the recipient MUST treat the EID ordering as
   correct.

   All event records in a Tag Identifier Events Attribute are required
   to be part of the same EID Epoch.  Specifically, all reported events
   MUST have an EID from the same EID Epoch as each other, and which is
   the same as the EID Epoch of the Last EID and Last Consulted EID
   values.  The SWID-PC MUST NOT report events with EIDs from different
   EID Epochs.

   The Last Consulted EID field contains the EID of the last event
   record considered for inclusion in this attribute.  If this attribute
   contains a partial event set (as described in Section 3.6.4) this
   field value will differ from that of the Last EID field; if this
   attribute contains a complete event set, the Last EID and Last
   Consulted EID values are identical.

   If multiple events are sent in a SWID Tag Identifier Events
   attribute, the order in which they appear within the attribute is not
   significant.  The EIDs associated with them are used for ordering the
   indicated events appropriately.  Also note that a single tag
   identifier instance might appear multiple times in an attribute, such
   as if multiple events involving the associated tag were being
   reported.



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4.12.  SWID Tag Inventory

   A SWID-PC sends this attribute to a SWID-PV to convey a list of SWID
   tags.  A SWID-PV MUST NOT send this attribute.  The SWID-PC either
   sends this attribute in fulfillment of an existing subscription where
   the establishing request had a Result Type of 0 and the Earliest EID
   is zero, or in direct response to a SWID Request attribute where the
   Result Type is 0 and the Earliest EID is zero.


                        1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   | Flags         | Tag Count                                     |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                Request ID Copy / Subscription ID              |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                            EID Epoch                          |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                            Last EID                           |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |            Instance ID Length |  Instance ID (var length)     |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                          Tag Length                           |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                        Tag (Variable)                         |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+


                  Figure 10: SWID Tag Inventory Attribute

   +--------------+----------------------------------------------------+
   | Field        | Description                                        |
   +--------------+----------------------------------------------------+
   | Flags: Bit 0 | In the case that this attribute is sent in         |
   | -            | fulfillment of a subscription this bit MUST be set |
   | Subscription | (1).  In the case that this attribute is a direct  |
   | Fulfillment  | response to a SWID Request, this bit MUST be unset |
   |              | (0).                                               |
   | Flags: Bit   | Reserved for future use. This field MUST be set to |
   | 1-7 -        | zero on transmission and ignored upon reception.   |
   | Reserved     |                                                    |
   | Tag ID Count | The number of tags that follow. This field is a    |
   |              | 3-byte unsigned integer. The Instance ID Length,   |
   |              | Instance ID, Tag Length, and Tag fields are        |
   |              | repeated, in order, the number of times indicated  |
   |              | in this field. This field value MAY be 0 in which  |
   |              | case there are no instances of these fields.       |



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   | Request ID   | In the case where this attribute is in direct      |
   | Copy /       | response to a SWID Request attribute from a SWID-  |
   | Subscription | PV, this field MUST contain an exact copy of the   |
   | ID           | Request ID field from that SWID Request.  In the   |
   |              | case where this attribute is sent in fulfillment   |
   |              | of an active subscription, this field MUST contain |
   |              | the Subscription ID of the subscription being      |
   |              | fulfilled by this attribute.                       |
   | EID Epoch    | The EID Epoch of the Last EID value. This field is |
   |              | an unsigned 4-byte integer.                        |
   | Last EID     | The EID of the last event recorded by the SWID-PC, |
   |              | or 0 if the SWID-PC has no recorded events. This   |
   |              | field is an unsigned 4-byte integer.               |
   | Instance ID  | A 2-byte unsigned integer indicating the length in |
   | Length       | bytes of the Instance ID field.                    |
   | Instance ID  | A string containing the Instance ID of a given tag |
   |              | instance. The exact value of this field depends on |
   |              | the party that provides this SWID tag. This field  |
   |              | value MUST be normalized to Network Unicode        |
   |              | format, as described in Section 4.7. This string   |
   |              | MUST NOT be NULL terminated.                       |
   | Tag Len      | This is a 4-byte unsigned integer indicating the   |
   |              | length of the following SWID tag in bytes.         |
   | Tag          | A SWID tag as a string. In the case where the      |
   |              | original SWID tag is not expressed using UTF-8     |
   |              | encoding, it MUST be converted and normalized to   |
   |              | Network Unicode format, as described in Section    |
   |              | 4.7. However, in the case where the original SWID  |
   |              | tag is expressed using UTF-8 encoding, the SWID    |
   |              | tag MUST be copied to this field without           |
   |              | modification, even if the original SWID tag does   |
   |              | not conform fully to Network Unicode format. This  |
   |              | string MUST NOT be NULL terminated.                |
   +--------------+----------------------------------------------------+

               Table 8: SWID Tag Inventory Attribute Fields

   The SWID Tag Inventory attribute contains some number of SWID tags.
   Given that the size of tags can vary considerably, the length of this
   attribute is highly variable and, if transmitting a complete
   inventory, can be extremely large.  Enterprises might wish to
   constrain the use of SWID Tag Inventory attributes to targeted
   requests to avoid over-burdening the network unnecessarily.

   Note that the Instance ID is included in this attribute along with
   the tag.  This is because, unlike the Tag Creator RegID and Unique ID
   fields that make up the tag identifier, the Instance ID cannot always
   be extracted from fields within a SWID tag.  As such, in order to be



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   able to associate a tag file with a given tag identifier instance, it
   is necessary to include the Instance ID value in the attribute.

   When copying a SWID tag into the Tag field, conversion and
   normalization of the character encoding happens if and only if the
   source SWID tag does not use UTF-8 encoding.  In the case where the
   source SWID tag is expressed using an encoding other than UTF-8, then
   that tag MUST be converted and normalized to use Network Unicode
   format prior to its inclusion in the tag field.  However, in the case
   where the source SWID tag is expressed in UTF-8, the source tag MUST
   be copied to the Tag field without conversion or normalization.  This
   is true even if the source SWID tag uses UTF-8 but is not fully
   conformant with Network Unicode format.  This is done because any
   conversion or normalization of a full SWID tag is likely to break any
   cryptographic signatures included in the SWID tag.  As such,
   conversion only happens to ensure a SWID tag is readable for the
   recipient (by ensuring it always uses UTF-8), but is otherwise
   avoided if possible.  Recipients of this attribute can always be
   assured that the Tag field uses UTF-8 format, but cannot depend on
   full Network Unicode format compliance.

4.13.  SWID Tag Events

   A SWID-PC sends this attribute to a SWID-PV to convey a list of
   events where the affected SWID tags are expressed using full tags.  A
   SWID-PV MUST NOT send this attribute.  The SWID-PC either sends this
   attribute in fulfillment of an existing subscription where the
   establishing request has a Result Type of 0 and the Earliest EID is
   non-zero, or in direct response to a SWID Request attribute where the
   Result Type is 0 and the Earliest EID is non-zero.





















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                        1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |   Flags       |                  Event Count                  |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |               Request ID Copy / Subscription ID               |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                           EID Epoch                           |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                           Last EID                            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                       Last Consulted EID                      |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                               EID                             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                            Timestamp                          |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                            Timestamp                          |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                            Timestamp                          |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                            Timestamp                          |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                            Timestamp                          |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |      Action   |        Instance ID Length     |Instance ID (v)|
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                             Tag Len                           |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                           Tag (Variable)                      |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+


                   Figure 11: SWID Tag Events Attribute

   +--------------+----------------------------------------------------+
   | Field        | Description                                        |
   +--------------+----------------------------------------------------+
   | Flags: Bit 0 | In the case that this attribute is sent in         |
   | -            | fulfillment of a subscription this bit MUST be set |
   | Subscription | (1).  In the case that this attribute is a direct  |
   | Fulfillment  | response to a SWID Request, this bit MUST be unset |
   |              | (0).                                               |
   | Flags: Bit   | Reserved for future use. This field MUST be set to |
   | 1-7 -        | zero on transmission and ignored upon reception.   |
   | Reserved     |                                                    |
   | Event Count  | The number of events being reported in this        |
   |              | attribute. This field is a 3-byte unsigned         |



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   |              | integer.  The EID, Timestamp, Action, Instance ID  |
   |              | Length, Instance ID, Tag Length, and Tag fields    |
   |              | are repeated, in order, the number of times        |
   |              | indicated in this field. (An instance of these     |
   |              | five fields is referred to as an "event record" in |
   |              | this attribute. Thus the Event Count field         |
   |              | indicates the number of event records.) This field |
   |              | value MAY be 0, in which case there are no         |
   |              | instances of these fields.                         |
   | Request ID   | In the case where this attribute is in direct      |
   | Copy /       | response to a SWID Request attribute from a SWID-  |
   | Subscription | PV, this field MUST contain an exact copy of the   |
   | ID           | Request ID field from that SWID Request.  In the   |
   |              | case where this attribute is sent in fulfillment   |
   |              | of an active subscription, this field MUST contain |
   |              | the Subscription ID of the subscription being      |
   |              | fulfilled by this attribute.                       |
   | EID Epoch    | The EID Epoch of the Last EID value. This field is |
   |              | an unsigned 4-byte integer.                        |
   | Last EID     | The EID of the last event recorded by the SWID-PC, |
   |              | or 0 if the SWID-PC has no recorded events. This   |
   |              | field contains the EID of the SWID-PC's last       |
   |              | recorded change event (which might or might not be |
   |              | included as an event record in this attribute).    |
   | Last         | The EID of the last event record that was          |
   | Consulted    | consulted when generating the event record list    |
   | EID          | included in this attribute. This is different from |
   |              | the Last EID field value if and only if this       |
   |              | attribute is conveying a partial list of event     |
   |              | records. See Section 3.6.4 for more on partial     |
   |              | list of event records.                             |
   | EID          | The EID of the event in this event record.         |
   | Timestamp    | The timestamp associated with the event in this    |
   |              | event record. This timestamps is the SWID-PC's     |
   |              | best understanding of when the given event         |
   |              | occurred. Note that this timestamp might be an     |
   |              | estimate.  The Timestamp date and time MUST be     |
   |              | represented as an RFC 3339 [5] compliant ASCII     |
   |              | string in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) time    |
   |              | with the additional restrictions that the 'T'      |
   |              | delimiter and the 'Z' suffix MUST be capitalized   |
   |              | and fractional seconds (time-secfrac) MUST NOT be  |
   |              | included. This field conforms to the date-time     |
   |              | ABNF production from section 5.6 of RFC 3339       |
   |              | [RFC3339] with the above restrictions.  Leap       |
   |              | seconds are permitted and SWID-PVs MUST support    |
   |              | them.  The Timestamp string MUST NOT be NULL       |
   |              | terminated or padded in any way. The length of     |



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   |              | this field is always 20 octets.                    |
   | Action       | The type of event that is recorded in this event   |
   |              | record. Possible values are: 1 = CREATION - the    |
   |              | addition of a tag to the endpoint's SWID tag       |
   |              | collection; 2 = DELETION - the removal of a tag    |
   |              | from the endpoint's SWID tag collection; 3 =       |
   |              | ALTERATION - There was an alteration to a tag file |
   |              | within the endpoint's tag collection. All other    |
   |              | values are reserved for future use and MUST NOT be |
   |              | used when sending attributes. In the case where a  |
   |              | SWID-PV receives an event record that uses an      |
   |              | action value other than the ones defined here, it  |
   |              | MUST ignore that event record but SHOULD process   |
   |              | other event records in this attribute as normal.   |
   | Instance ID  | A 2-byte unsigned integer indicating the length in |
   | Length       | bytes of the Instance ID field.                    |
   | Instance ID  | A string containing the Instance ID of a given tag |
   |              | instance. The exact value of this field depends on |
   |              | the party that provides this SWID tag. This field  |
   |              | value MUST be normalized to Network Unicode        |
   |              | format, as described in Section 4.7. This string   |
   |              | MUST NOT be NULL terminated.                       |
   | Tag Len      | This is a 4-byte unsigned integer indicating the   |
   |              | length of the following SWID tag in bytes.         |
   | Tag          | A SWID tag as a string. In the case where the      |
   |              | original SWID tag is not expressed using UTF-8     |
   |              | encoding, it MUST be converted and normalized to   |
   |              | Network Unicode format, as described in Section    |
   |              | 4.7. However, in the case where the original SWID  |
   |              | tag is expressed using UTF-8 encoding, the SWID    |
   |              | tag MUST be copied to this field without           |
   |              | modification, even if the original SWID tag does   |
   |              | not conform fully to Network Unicode format. This  |
   |              | string MUST NOT be NULL terminated.                |
   +--------------+----------------------------------------------------+

                 Table 9: SWID Tag Events Attribute Fields

   The fields of this attribute are used in the same way as the
   corresponding fields of the previous attributes.  As with the SWID
   Tag Inventory attribute, a SWID Tag Events attribute can be quite
   large if many events have occurred following the event indicated by a
   request's Earliest EID.  As such, it is recommended that the SWID
   Request attributes only request full tags be sent (Result Type set to
   0) in a targeted request, thus constraining the response just to tags
   that match a given set of tag identifiers.





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   As with the SWID Tag Identifier Events Attribute, this attribute MUST
   only contain event records with EIDs coming from the current EID
   Epoch of the SWID-PC.

   As with the SWID Tag Inventory Attribute, the SWID-PC MUST perform
   conversion and normalization of the SWID tag itself in the case where
   the source SWID tag is expressed using an encoding other than UTF-8,
   and MUST NOT perform conversion or normalization of the SWID tag
   itself in the case where the source SWID tag is expressed using UTF-
   8.

4.14.  Subscription Status Request

   A SWID-PV sends this attribute to a SWID-PC to request a list of
   active subscriptions for which the requesting SWID-PV is the
   subscriber.  A SWID-PC MUST NOT send this attribute.

   This attribute has no fields.

   A SWID-PC MUST respond to this attribute by sending a Subscription
   Status Response attribute (or a PA-TNC Error attribute if it is
   unable to correctly provide a response).

4.15.  Subscription Status Response

   A SWID-PC sends this attribute to a SWID-P to report the list of
   active subscriptions for which the receiving SWID-PV is the
   subscriber.  A SWID-PV MUST NOT send this attribute.


                        1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   | Status Flags  |            Subscription Record Count          |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   | Flags         |                   Tag ID Count                |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                          Request ID                           |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                         Earliest EID                          |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |       Tag Creator Length      | Tag Creator (variable length) |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   | Unique Software ID Length     |Unique Software ID (var length)|
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+


             Figure 12: Subscription Status Response Attribute



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   +------------------+------------------------------------------------+
   | Field            | Description                                    |
   +------------------+------------------------------------------------+
   | Flags: Bit 0-7 - | Reserved for future use. This field MUST be    |
   | Reserved         | set to zero on transmission and ignored upon   |
   |                  | reception.                                     |
   | Subscription     | The number of subscription records that        |
   | Record Count     | follow. This field is a 3-byte unsigned        |
   |                  | integer.  The Flags, Tag ID Count, Request ID, |
   |                  | Earliest EID, Tag Creator Length, Tag Creator, |
   |                  | Unique Software ID Length, and Unique Software |
   |                  | ID fields are repeated, in order, the number   |
   |                  | of times indicated in this field. This field   |
   |                  | value MAY be 0 in which case there are no      |
   |                  | instances of these fields.                     |
   | Flags, Tag ID    | For each active subscription, these fields     |
   | Count, Request   | contain an exact copy of the fields with the   |
   | ID, Earliest     | same name as provided in the subscription's    |
   | EID, Tag Creator | establishing request.                          |
   | Length, Tag      |                                                |
   | Creator, Unique  |                                                |
   | Software ID      |                                                |
   | Length, and      |                                                |
   | Unique Software  |                                                |
   | ID               |                                                |
   +------------------+------------------------------------------------+

               Table 10: Subscription Status Response Fields

   A Subscription Status Response contains zero or more subscription
   records.  Specifically, it MUST contain one subscription record for
   each active subscription associated with the party that sent the
   Subscription Status Request to which this attribute is a response.
   As described in Section 3.8.2, the SWID-PC MUST use the requester's
   Connection ID and, if available, its Posture Validator ID to
   determine which subscriptions are associated with the requester.

   A SWID-PC MUST send a Subscription Status Response attribute in
   response to a Subscription Status Request attribute.  The only
   exception to this is if the SWID-PC experiences an error condition
   that prevents it from correctly populating the Subscription Status
   Response attribute, in which case it MUST respond with a PA-TNC Error
   attribute appropriate to the type of error experienced.  If there are
   no active subscriptions associated with the requesting party, the
   Subscription Status Response attribute will consist of its Status
   Flags field, a Subscription Record Count field with a value of 0, and
   no additional fields.




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   Each subscription record included in a Subscription Status Response
   attribute duplicates the fields of a SWID Request attribute that was
   the establishing request of a subscription.  Note that the Request ID
   field in the record captures the Subscription ID associated with the
   given subscription record (since the Subscription ID is the same as
   the Request ID of the establishing request).  Note also that if the
   establishing request is targeted, then its Tag ID Count field will be
   non-zero and, within that subscription record, the Tag Creator
   Length, Tag Creator, Unique Software ID Length, and Unique Software
   ID fields are repeated, in order, the number of times indicated in
   the Tag ID Count field.  As such, each subscription record can be
   different sizes.  Likewise, if the establishing request is not
   targeted (Tag ID Count field is 0), the subscription record has no
   Tag Creator Length, Tag Creator, Unique Software ID Length, or Unique
   Software ID fields.

   When a SWID-PV compares the information received in a Subscription
   Status Response to its own records of active subscriptions it should
   be aware that the SWID-PC might be unable to distinguish this SWID-PV
   from other SWID-PVs on the same NEA Server.  As a result, it is
   possible that the SWID-PC will report more subscription records than
   the SWID-PV recognizes.  For this reason, SWID-PVs SHOULD NOT
   automatically assume that extra subscriptions reported in a
   Subscription Status Response indicate a problem.

4.16.  PA-TNC Error as Used by SWID Message and Attributes for PA-TNC

   The PA-TNC Error attribute is defined in the PA-TNC specification
   [RFC5792], and its use here conforms to that specification.  A PA-TNC
   Error can be sent due to any error in the PA-TNC exchange and might
   also be sent in response to error conditions specific to the SWID
   Message and Attributes for PA-TNC exchange.  The latter case utilizes
   error codes defined below.

   A PA-TNC Error attribute is sent instead of a SWID Response attribute
   due to factors that prevent the reliable creation of a SWID Response.
   As such, a SWID-PC MUST NOT send both a PA-TNC Error attribute and a
   SWID Response attribute in response to a single SWID Request
   attribute.

   Table 11 lists the Error Code values for the PA-TNC Error attribute
   specific to the SWID Message and Attributes for PA-TNC exchange.  In
   all of these cases, the Error Code Vendor ID field MUST be set to
   0x000000, corresponding to the IETF SMI Private Enterprise Number.
   The Error Information structures for each error type are described in
   the following subsections.





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   Note that a message with a SWID Message and Attributes for PA-TNC
   attribute might also result in an error condition covered by the
   Standard PA-TNC Error Codes defined in PA-TNC.  For example, the SWID
   Attribute might have an invalid parameter, leading to an error code
   of "Invalid Parameter".  In this case, the SWID-PC MUST use the
   appropriate PA-TNC Error Code value as defined in Section 4.2.8 of
   PA-TNC specification.

   +-----------------------+-------------------------------------------+
   | Error Code Value      | Description                               |
   +-----------------------+-------------------------------------------+
   | 0x00000020            | SWID_ERROR. This indicates a fatal error  |
   |                       | (i.e., an error that precludes the        |
   |                       | creation of a suitable response           |
   |                       | attribute) other than the errors          |
   |                       | described below but still specific to the |
   |                       | processing of SWID Attributes. The        |
   |                       | Description field SHOULD contain          |
   |                       | additional diagnostic information.        |
   | 0x00000021            | SWID_SUBSCRIPTION_DENIED_ERROR. This      |
   |                       | indicates that the SWID-PC denied the     |
   |                       | SWID-PV's request to establish a          |
   |                       | subscription. The Description field       |
   |                       | SHOULD contain additional diagnostic      |
   |                       | information.                              |
   | 0x00000022            | SWID_RESPONSE_TOO_LARGE_ERROR. This       |
   |                       | indicates that the SWID-PC's response to  |
   |                       | the SWID-PV's request was too large to be |
   |                       | serviced. The error information structure |
   |                       | indicates the largest possible size of a  |
   |                       | response supported by the SWID-PC (see    |
   |                       | Section 4.16.2).  The Description field   |
   |                       | SHOULD contain additional diagnostic      |
   |                       | information.                              |
   | 0x00000023            | SWID_SUBSCRIPTION_FULFILLMENT_ERROR. This |
   |                       | indicates that the SWID-PC experienced an |
   |                       | error fulfilling a given subscription.    |
   |                       | The error information includes the        |
   |                       | Subscription ID of the relevant           |
   |                       | subscription, as well as a sub-error that |
   |                       | describes the nature of the error the     |
   |                       | SWID-PC experienced. The SWID-PC and      |
   |                       | SWID-PV MUST treat the identified         |
   |                       | subscription as cancelled.                |
   | 0x00000024            | SWID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID_REUSE_ERROR. This    |
   |                       | indicates that the SWID-PC received a     |
   |                       | SWID Request from a given SWID-PV where   |
   |                       | the Request ID of that SWID Request is    |



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   |                       | currently used as the Subscription ID of  |
   |                       | an active subscription with that SWID-PV. |
   |                       | This error does not cancel the identified |
   |                       | subscription.                             |
   | 0x00000025-0x0000002F | RESERVED. These Error Codes are reserved  |
   |                       | for use by future revisions of the SWID   |
   |                       | Message and Attributes for PA-TNC         |
   |                       | specification. Any PA-TNC Error attribute |
   |                       | using one of these Error Codes MUST be    |
   |                       | treated as indicating a fatal error on    |
   |                       | the sender without further                |
   |                       | interpretation.                           |
   +-----------------------+-------------------------------------------+

   Table 11: PA-TNC Error Codes for SWID Message and Attributes for PA-
                                    TNC

   The following subsections describe the structures present in the
   Error Information fields.

4.16.1.  SWID_ERROR, SWID_SUBSCRIPTION_DENIED_ERROR and
         SWID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID_REUSE_ERROR Information

   The SWID_ERROR error code indicates that the sender (the SWID-PC) has
   encountered an error related to the processing of a SWID Request
   attribute but which is not covered by more specific SWID error codes.
   The SWID_SUBSCRIPTION_DENIED_ERROR is used when the SWID-PV requests
   to establish a subscription or clear all subscriptions from the given
   SWID-PV, but the SWID-PC is unable or unwilling to comply with this
   request.  The SWID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID_REUSE_ERROR is used when the SWID-
   PC receives a SWID Request whose Request ID duplicates a Subscription
   ID of an active subscription with the request's sender.  All of these
   error codes use the following error information structure.


                        1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |            Copy of Request ID / Subscription ID               |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                Description (variable length)                  |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+


   Figure 13: SWID Error, Subscription Error, and Subscription ID Reuse
                                Information





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   +--------------+----------------------------------------------------+
   | Field        | Description                                        |
   +--------------+----------------------------------------------------+
   | Copy of      | In the case that this error condition is generated |
   | Request ID / | in direct response to a SWID Request attribute,    |
   | Subscription | this field MUST contain an exact copy of the       |
   | ID           | Request ID field in the SWID Request attribute     |
   |              | that caused this error.  In the case that the      |
   |              | attribute in question is generated in fulfillment  |
   |              | of an active subscription, this field MUST contain |
   |              | the Subscription ID of the subscription for which  |
   |              | the attribute was generated.  (This is only        |
   |              | possible if the error code is SWID_ERROR as the    |
   |              | other errors are not generated by subscription     |
   |              | fulfillment.) Note that, in this case, the         |
   |              | indicated error appears as a sub-error for a       |
   |              | SWID_SUBSCRIPTION_FULFILLMENT_ERROR, as described  |
   |              | in Section 4.16.3.                                 |
   | Description  | A UTF-8 string describing the condition that       |
   |              | caused this error. This field MAY be 0-length.     |
   |              | However, senders SHOULD include some description   |
   |              | in all PA-TNC Error attributes of these types.     |
   |              | This field MUST NOT be NULL terminated.            |
   +--------------+----------------------------------------------------+

    Table 12: SWID Error, Subscription Error, and Subscription ID Reuse
                            Information Fields

   This error information structure is used with SWID_ERROR,
   SWID_SUBSCRIPTION_DENIED_ERROR, and SWID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID_REUSE_ERROR
   status codes to identify the SWID Request attribute that precipitated
   the error condition and to describe the error.  The Description field
   contains text describing the error.  The SWID-PC MAY encode machine-
   interpretable information in this field, but SHOULD also include a
   human-readable description of the error, since the receiving SWID-PV
   might not recognize the SWID-PC's encoded information.

4.16.2.  SWID_RESPONSE_TOO_LARGE_ERROR Information

   The SWID_RESPONSE_TOO_LARGE_ERROR error code indicates that a
   response generated by a SWID-PC in response to a SWID-PV's SWID
   Request attribute was too large to send.









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                        1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |              Copy of Request ID / Subscription I              |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                    Maximum Allowed Size                       |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                  Description (variable length)                |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+


           Figure 14: SWID Response Too Large Error Information

   +--------------+----------------------------------------------------+
   | Field        | Description                                        |
   +--------------+----------------------------------------------------+
   | Copy of      | In the case that the attribute in question is      |
   | Request ID / | generated in direct response to a SWID Request,    |
   | Subscription | this field MUST contain an exact copy of the       |
   | ID           | Request ID field in the SWID Request attribute     |
   |              | that caused this error.  In the case that the      |
   |              | attribute in question is generated in fulfillment  |
   |              | of an active subscription, this field MUST contain |
   |              | the Subscription ID of the subscription for which  |
   |              | the attribute was generated. Note that, in this    |
   |              | case, the SWID_RESPONSE_TOO_LARGE_ERROR appears as |
   |              | a sub-error for a                                  |
   |              | SWID_SUBSCRIPTION_FULFILLMENT_ERROR, as described  |
   |              | in Section 4.16.3.                                 |
   | Maximum      | This field MUST contain an unsigned integer        |
   | Allowed Size | indicating the largest permissible size, in bytes, |
   |              | of SWID Attribute that the SWID-PC is currently    |
   |              | willing to send in response to a SWID Request      |
   |              | attribute.                                         |
   | Description  | A UTF-8 string describing the condition that       |
   |              | caused this error. This field MAY be 0-length.     |
   |              | However, senders SHOULD include some description   |
   |              | in all PA-TNC Error attributes of these types.     |
   |              | This field MUST NOT be NULL terminated.            |
   +--------------+----------------------------------------------------+

        Table 13: SWID Response Too Large Error Information Fields

   This error structure is used with the SWID_RESPONSE_TOO_LARGE_ERROR
   status code to identify the SWID Request attribute that precipitated
   the error condition and to describe the error.  The Maximum Allowed
   Size field indicates the largest attribute the SWID-PC is willing to
   send in response to a SWID Request under the current circumstances.



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   Note that under other circumstances, the SWID-PC might be willing to
   return larger responses than indicated (such as if the endpoint
   connects to the NEA Server using a different network protocol).  The
   other fields in this error information structure have the same
   meanings as corresponding fields in the SWID_ERROR and
   SWID_SUBSCRIPTION_DENIED_ERROR information structure.

4.16.3.  SWID_SUBSCRIPTION_FULFILLMENT_ERROR Information

   The SWID_SUBSCRIPTION_FULFILLMENT_ERROR error code indicates that the
   SWID-PC encountered an error while fulfilling a subscription.  The
   bytes after the first 4 octets duplicate a PA-TNC Error attribute (as
   described in Section 4.2.8 of PA-TNC) that is used to identify the
   nature of the encountered error.


                        1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                        Subscription ID                        |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |    Reserved   |           Sub Error Code Vendor ID            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                             Sub Error Code                    |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |           Sub Error Information (Variable Length)             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+


        Figure 15: SWID Subscription Fulfillment Error Information





















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   +--------------+----------------------------------------------------+
   | Field        | Description                                        |
   +--------------+----------------------------------------------------+
   | Subscription | This field MUST contain the Subscription ID of the |
   | ID           | subscription whose fulfillment caused this error.  |
   | Reserved     | This field MUST contain the value of the Reserved  |
   |              | field of a PA-TNC Error attribute that describes   |
   |              | the error condition encountered during             |
   |              | subscription processing.                           |
   | Sub Error    | This field MUST contain the value of the Error     |
   | Code Vendor  | Code Vendor ID field of a PA-TNC Error attribute   |
   | ID           | that describes the error condition encountered     |
   |              | during subscription processing.                    |
   | Sub Error    | This field MUST contain the value of the Error     |
   | Code         | Code field of a PA-TNC Error attribute that        |
   |              | describes the error condition encountered during   |
   |              | subscription processing.                           |
   | Sub Error    | This field MUST contain the value of the Error     |
   | Information  | Information field of a PA-TNC Error attribute that |
   |              | describes the error condition encountered during   |
   |              | subscription processing.                           |
   +--------------+----------------------------------------------------+

     Table 14: SWID Subscription Fulfillment Error Information Fields

   This error structure is used with the
   SWID_SUBSCRIPTION_FULFILLMENT_ERROR status code.  The first 4 octets
   of this error structure contain the Subscription ID of the
   subscription that was being fulfilled when the error occurred.  The
   remaining fields of this error structure duplicate the fields of a
   PA-TNC Error attribute, referred to as the "sub-error".  The error
   code of the sub-error corresponds to the type of error that the SWID-
   PC encountered while fulfilling the given subscription.  The sub-
   error MUST NOT have an error code of
   SWID_SUBSCRIPTION_FULFILLMENT_ERROR.

   The SWID-PC sending a PA-TNC Error attribute with this error code,
   and the SWID-PV receiving it, MUST treat the subscription identified
   by the Subscription ID field as cancelled.  All other subscriptions
   are unaffected.

5.  Security Considerations

   This section discusses some of the security threats facing Posture
   Collectors and Posture Validators that implement the SWID Message and
   Attributes for PA-TNC protocol.  This section primarily notes
   potential issues for implementers to consider, although it does
   contain a handful of normative requirements to address certain



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   security issues.  Implementers need to make the final decision as to
   how their implementations address the given issues.  The issues
   identified below focus on capabilities specific to this document.
   Implementers are advised to consult other relevant NEA specifications
   for security issues that are applicable to such components in
   general.

   Reading the Security Considerations section of any well-written
   specification can be discouraging, as a long list of possible threats
   is catalogued.  Keep in mind that no security measure is absolute,
   but each one can be beneficial.  By understanding the weaknesses of
   each security measure, we can put in place countermeasures to protect
   against exploitation of these weaknesses.

5.1.  Evidentiary Value of SWID Tags

   A SWID tag is only indirect evidence as to the installation of a
   piece of software on an endpoint.  While the ideal is for the
   presence of a tag to correspond to the presence of the corresponding
   software, such a correlation hinges on software that accurately
   manages individual tags as software is added and removed.
   Utilization of the tests included in a tag's package_footprint and/or
   validation elements can provide more direct evidence of software
   presence, but this information might not be present in many tags and,
   because of its limited support, this version of the SWID Message and
   Attributes for PA-TNC specification does not support use of these
   flags.  Tags can include cryptographic signatures of some or all of
   their fields, which can enable detection of field modification.  This
   is extremely useful in ensuring that sensitive fields are not
   modified maliciously.  However, the use of cryptographic signatures
   is not required in SWID tags, and even when utilized, not all fields
   will necessarily be protected by signatures.  For these reasons, it
   is important to treat SWID tags as evidence rather than proof of
   software presence.

5.2.  Integrity of the SWID Tag Collection

   On a related note, while some systems might protect SWID tags against
   modification, on others there might be very few restrictions on who
   can add or delete tags on an endpoint.  This can mean that a
   malicious party has relatively free rein to add and remove tags with
   the goal of obscuring the actual software inventory of the endpoint.
   As noted above, signatures on tag files can keep tag modification
   from going undetected, but an attacker can simply delete the signed
   tag and replace it with a modified tag that lacks the associated
   signature.  In fact, even a signed tag can be added by an adversary
   and go undetected if the tag does not include fields to verify




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   software presence, such as the package_footprint or validation
   element

   There is little a SWID-PC can do to prevent unauthorized
   modifications of the endpoint's SWID tag from occurring if the local
   system does not provide protections for tags.  Instead, the SWID-PV
   and NEA Server need to operate with an awareness that this type of
   modification can occur.  The use of mechanisms to corroborate
   software inventories can help detect malicious modification of an
   endpoint's SWID tag collection.  Likewise, the SWID-PV can look for
   odd behavior such as the deletion and rapid re-installation of a
   particular tag, especially the replacement of a signed tag with an
   unsigned one.  Parties that use SWID tags as evidence of compliance
   with security policies need to be aware of the possible risks of
   corruption of an endpoint's SWID tag collection.

5.3.  Sensitivity of Collected Tags

   Tags on an endpoint are generally not considered to be sensitive,
   although there can be exceptions to this generalization as noted in
   the section on Privacy Considerations.  In general, an endpoint's
   SWID tag collection can be browsed and individual tags read by any
   party with access to the endpoint.  This is generally not considered
   to be problematic, as those with access to the endpoint can usually
   learn of everything disclosed by that endpoint's tags simply by
   inspecting other parts of the endpoint.

   The situation changes when an endpoint's SWID tags are collected and
   stored off of the endpoint itself, such as on a NEA Server or CMDB.
   Tags represent a wealth of information about the endpoint in question
   and, for an adversary who does not already have access to the
   endpoint, a collection of the endpoint's tags might provide many
   details that are useful for mounting an attack.  A list of the tags
   associated with an endpoint reveals a list of software installed on
   the endpoint.  This list is very detailed, generally noting specific
   versions and even patch levels, which an adversary can use to
   identify vulnerable software and design efficacious attacks.

   In addition, other information might also be gleaned from a
   collection of SWID tags:

   o  A SWID tag might include information about where the product was
      installed on a given endpoint.  This can reveal details about the
      file organization of that endpoint that an attacker can utilize.

   o  A SWID tag might include information about how the software was
      provided to the endpoint, who in an organization signs off on the
      package release, and who packaged the product for installation.



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      This information might be used as a starting point for the
      development of supply chain attacks.

   o  Events affecting SWID tags are reported with timestamps indicating
      when each given event occurred.  This can give the attacker an
      indication of how quickly an organization distributes patches and
      updates, helping the attacker determine how long an attack window
      might remain open.

   Any consolidated software inventory is a potential risk, because such
   an inventory can provide an adversary an insight into the
   enterprise's configuration and management process.  It is recommended
   that a centralized tag collection be protected against unauthorized
   access.  Mechanisms to accomplish this can include encrypting the
   data at rest, ensuring that access to the data is limited only to
   necessary individuals and processes, and other basic security
   precautions.

5.4.  Integrity of Endpoint Records

   SWID-PCs maintain records of detected changes to the endpoint's SWID
   tag collection.  These records are used to respond to a SWID-PV's
   request for change events.  The SWID-PV might use a list of reported
   events to update its understanding of the endpoint's SWID tag
   collection without needing to receive a full inventory report from
   the SWID-PC.  For this reason, preserving the integrity of the SWID-
   PC's record of events is extremely important.  If an attacker
   modifies the SWID-PC's record of changes to the endpoint's SWID tag
   collection, this might cause the SWID-PV's understanding of the
   endpoint's SWID tag collection to differ from its actual state.
   Results might include leading the SWID-PV to believe that absent
   software was present, that present software was absent, that patches
   have been installed even if this is not the case, or to be unaware of
   other changes to SWID tags.  As such, the SWID-PC MUST take steps to
   protect the integrity of its event record.

   In addition, sometimes a SWID-PC captures metadata about existing
   tags or even creates copies of whole tags.  Metadata might include
   hash values of tag files or records of the last time a particular tag
   file was modified, while whole tags might be preserved to record tags
   that were deleted from the endpoint's SWID tag collection.  If an
   attacker is able to corrupt or modify this information, they might
   cause a SWID-PC to fail to detect certain change events, incorrectly
   report information, or otherwise fail to correctly fulfill SWID-PV
   requests.  As such, this additional information about SWID tags, if
   collected, MUST be integrity protected.





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   Finally, records of established SWID-PV subscriptions also require
   protection against manipulation or corruption.  If an attacker is
   able to modify or delete records of an established subscription by a
   SWID-PV, the SWID-PC might fail to correctly fulfill this
   subscription.  The SWID-PV would not be aware that its subscription
   was not being correctly fulfilled unless it received additional
   information that indicated a discrepancy.  For example, the SWID-PV
   might collect a full inventory and realize from this that certain
   events had not been correctly reported in accordance with an
   established subscription.  For this reason, the SWID-PC MUST protect
   the integrity of subscription records.

5.5.  SWID-PC Access Permissions

   A SWID-PC requires sufficient permissions to locate and read SWID
   tags on the endpoint that constitute the endpoint's SWID tag
   collection, and sufficient permissions to interact with the
   endpoint's Posture Broker Client.  With regard to the former, this
   might require permissions to read the contents of directories
   throughout the file system.  Depending on the operating environment
   and other activities undertaken by a SWID-PC (or software that
   incorporates a SWID-PC as one of its capabilities) additional
   permissions might be required by the SWID-PC software.  The SWID-PC
   SHOULD NOT be granted permissions beyond what it needs in order to
   fulfill its duties.

5.6.  Sanitization of Tag Fields

   In most cases there is no constraint on an endpoint as to who can add
   tags.  This open model allows applications that run in user space to
   register tags as easily as more privileged applications.  However,
   this also means that any tool reading an endpoint's tags needs to
   treat these tags as un-vetted input and employ appropriate
   safeguards.  In particular, tools that read SWID tags, including
   SWID-PCs, need to be careful to sanitize input to prevent buffer
   overflow attacks, encoding attacks, and other weaknesses that might
   be exploited by an adversary who can control the contents of a tag.

   Fields of a SWID tag that change the SWID-PC's behavior, alter system
   state, or execute code need to be handled with special care.  In
   particular, the validation element, which provides a command line
   that can nominally be executed to validate the tag's correctness, can
   be utilized by an attacker to point to a malicious executable.  To
   defend against this, SWID-PCs MUST NOT execute an application
   indicated by a validation element unless the element is signed and
   the SWID-PC has determined that the signature is intact and trusted.





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5.7.  Tag Library Poisoning

   It can be useful for a SWID-PV to have access to a library of tags.
   If the SWID-PV receives a list of tag identifier instances, it can
   consult this library and collect full tags corresponding to those
   identifiers.  Assuming it does not need access to installation-
   specific information, it can perform calculations on these full tags
   as if it had received them from a SWID-PC.  For example, it can use
   this library to derive software names, publishers, and version by
   finding the tag that corresponds to the given tag identifier value.

   If the SWID-PV keeps a collection of full SWID tags for matching
   against tag identifiers, there might be a temptation to add any
   previously unknown tags that a SWID-PC might report to this library
   automatically.  In fact, this behavior can pose a security risk.  If
   the endpoint has been compromised and the tag manipulated on that
   endpoint, the tag that it provides to the SWID-PV might be misleading
   with regard to the software associated with this tag.  If the SWID-PV
   automatically adds this corrupted tag to its library, not only will
   the computations with the compromised endpoint be affected, but
   computations with other endpoints that provide tag identifier
   instances that map to the corrupted tag will also be affected.
   Instead, if the SWID-PV does make use of a tag library, it is
   recommended to only populate that library with tags retrieved from a
   trusted source, or at least to segregate collections of reported tags
   by endpoint, so corrupted tags on one endpoint will not affect tag
   computations involving other endpoints.  In general, tags retrieved
   from a trusted source and signed by a trusted authority are likely be
   safe for inclusion in a tag library.

5.8.  PA-TNC Security Threats

   In addition to the aforementioned considerations the SWID Message and
   Attributes for PA-TNC protocol is subject to the same security
   threats as other PA-TNC transactions, as noted in Section 5.2 of PA-
   TNC [RFC5792].  These include, but are not limited to, attribute
   theft, message fabrication, attribute modification, attribute replay,
   attribute insertion, and denial of service.  Implementers are advised
   to consult the PA-TNC specification to better understand these
   security issues.

6.  Privacy Considerations

   As noted in Section 5.3, if an adversary can gain an understanding of
   the software installed on an endpoint, they can utilize this to
   launch attacks and maintain footholds on this endpoint.  For this
   reason, the NEA Server needs to ensure adequate safeguards are in
   place to prevent exposure of collected tags.  For similar reasons, it



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   is advisable that an endpoint only send tags to a NEA Server that is
   authorized to receive this information and that can be trusted to
   safeguard this information after collection.

7.  Relationship to Other Specifications

   This specification makes frequent reference to and use of other
   specifications.  This section describes these relationships.

   This specification is expected to participate in a standard NEA
   architecture.  As such, it is expected to be used in conjunction with
   the other protocols used in a NEA exchange.  In particular, the SWID-
   PC communicates with the endpoint's Posture Broker Client using IF-
   IMC [IF-IMC], while the SWID-PV communicates with the NEA Server's
   Posture Broker Server using IF-IMV [IF-IMV].

   In addition, SWID Attributes are conveyed over PB-TNC [RFC5793],
   which is in turn conveyed over some variant of PT (either PT-TLS
   [RFC6876] or PT-EAP [RFC7171]).  These protocols have an especially
   important role, as they are responsible for ensuring that attributes
   defined under this specification are delivered reliably, securely,
   and to the appropriate party.

   It is important to note that the Product Information, Numeric
   Version, and String Version attributes defined in the PA-TNC
   specification [RFC5792] are also meant to convey information about
   installed applications and the versions thereof.  As such, there is
   some conceptual overlap between those attributes and the intent of
   this specification.  However, PA-TNC was designed to respond to very
   specific queries about specific classes of products, while the SWID
   Message and Attributes for PA-TNC specification is able to convey a
   broader query, resulting in a more comprehensive set of evidence
   regarding an endpoint's installed software.  Moreover, because this
   specification makes use of the well-defined structures in SWID tags,
   it is able to convey information that is more concise (by making use
   of specific identifier fields instead of sending the whole SWID tag)
   and/or more comprehensive (as the SWID structures contain many more
   fields than expressible in PA-TNC).  As such, this specification
   provides important capabilities not present in the PA-TNC
   specification.

8.  IANA Considerations

   This section extends multiple existing IANA registries.
   Specifically, it extends the PA-TNC Attribute Types and PA-TNC Error
   Codes defined in the PA-TNC specification [RFC5792] and the PA-
   Subtypes registry defined in the PB-TNC specification [RFC5793] and
   extended in PA-TNC.  This specification only adds values to these



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   registries and does not alter how these registries work or are
   maintained.  Consult the appropriate specifications for details on
   the operations and maintenance of these registries.

8.1.  Registry for PA-TNC Attribute Types

   Section 4.6 of this specification defines several new PA-TNC
   attributes.  The following values are added to the registry for PA-
   TNC Attribute Types defined in the PA-TNC specification.  Note that
   Table 4 in Section 4.6 lists these attributes but uses a hexadecimal
   value to identify their associated integer.  The integer values given
   in that table are identical to those provided here.  Note also that
   Table 4 includes an entry for PA-TNC Error attributes, but the IANA
   information associated with that attribute is already defined in the
   PA-TNC specification and is not reproduced here.

   +-----+---------+----------------------+----------------------------+
   | PEN | Integer | Name                 | Defining Specification     |
   +-----+---------+----------------------+----------------------------+
   | 0   | 17      | SWID Request         | SWID Message and           |
   |     |         |                      | Attributes for PA-TNC      |
   | 0   | 18      | SWID Tag Identifier  | SWID Message and           |
   |     |         | Inventory            | Attributes for PA-TNC      |
   | 0   | 19      | SWID Tag Identifier  | SWID Message and           |
   |     |         | Events               | Attributes for PA-TNC      |
   | 0   | 20      | SWID Tag Inventory   | SWID Message and           |
   |     |         |                      | Attributes for PA-TNC      |
   | 0   | 21      | SWID Tag Events      | SWID Message and           |
   |     |         |                      | Attributes for PA-TNC      |
   | 0   | 22      | Subscription Status  | SWID Message and           |
   |     |         | Request              | Attributes for PA-TNC      |
   | 0   | 23      | Subscription Status  | SWID Message and           |
   |     |         | Response             | Attributes for PA-TNC      |
   | 0   | 24      | Subscription Status  | SWID Message and           |
   |     |         | Response             | Attributes for PA-TNC      |
   | 0   | 25 - 31 | Reserved for future  | SWID Message and           |
   |     |         | use                  | Attributes for PA-TNC      |
   +-----+---------+----------------------+----------------------------+

8.2.  Registry for PA-TNC Error Codes

   Section 4.16 of this specification defines several new PA-TNC Error
   Codes.  The following values are added to the registry for PA-TNC
   Error Codes defined in the PA-TNC specification.  Note that Table 11
   in Section 4.16 lists these attributes but uses a hexadecimal value
   to identify their associated integer.  The integer values given in
   that table are identical to those provided here.




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   +----+---------+------------------------------------+---------------+
   | PE | Integer | Name                               | Defining      |
   | N  |         |                                    | Specification |
   +----+---------+------------------------------------+---------------+
   | 0  | 32      | SWID_ERROR                         | SWID Message  |
   |    |         |                                    | and           |
   |    |         |                                    | Attributes    |
   |    |         |                                    | for PA-TNC    |
   | 0  | 33      | SWID_SUBSCRIPTION_DENIED_ERROR     | SWID Message  |
   |    |         |                                    | and           |
   |    |         |                                    | Attributes    |
   |    |         |                                    | for PA-TNC    |
   | 0  | 34      | SWID_RESPONSE_TOO_LARGE_ERROR      | SWID Message  |
   |    |         |                                    | and           |
   |    |         |                                    | Attributes    |
   |    |         |                                    | for PA-TNC    |
   | 0  | 35      | SWID_SUBSCRIPTION_FULFILLMENT_ERRO | SWID Message  |
   |    |         | R                                  | and           |
   |    |         |                                    | Attributes    |
   |    |         |                                    | for PA-TNC    |
   | 0  | 36      | SWID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID_REUSE_ERROR   | SWID Message  |
   |    |         |                                    | and           |
   |    |         |                                    | Attributes    |
   |    |         |                                    | for PA-TNC    |
   | 0  | 37-47   | Reserved for future use            | SWID Message  |
   |    |         |                                    | and           |
   |    |         |                                    | Attributes    |
   |    |         |                                    | for PA-TNC    |
   +----+---------+------------------------------------+---------------+

8.3.  Registry for PA Subtypes

   Section 4.1 of this specification defines one new PA Subtype.  The
   following value is added to the registry for PA Subtypes defined in
   the PB-TNC specification.

   +-----+---------+----------------+----------------------------------+
   | PEN | Integer | Name           | Defining Specification           |
   +-----+---------+----------------+----------------------------------+
   | 0   | 9       | SWID           | SWID Message and Attributes for  |
   |     |         | Attributes     | PA-TNC                           |
   +-----+---------+----------------+----------------------------------+

9.  References







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9.1.  Normative References

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

   [RFC3339]  Klyne, G. and C. Newman, "Date and Time on the Internet:
              Timestamps", RFC 3339, DOI 10.17487/RFC3339, July 2002,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3339>.

   [RFC5198]  Klensin, J. and M. Padlipsky, "Unicode Format for Network
              Interchange", RFC 5198, DOI 10.17487/RFC5198, March 2008,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5198>.

   [RFC5209]  Sangster, P., Khosravi, H., Mani, M., Narayan, K., and J.
              Tardo, "Network Endpoint Assessment (NEA): Overview and
              Requirements", RFC 5209, DOI 10.17487/RFC5209, June 2008,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5209>.

   [RFC5792]  Sangster, P. and K. Narayan, "PA-TNC: A Posture Attribute
              (PA) Protocol Compatible with Trusted Network Connect
              (TNC)", RFC 5792, DOI 10.17487/RFC5792, March 2010,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5792>.

   [SWID]     The International Organization for Standardization/
              International Electrotechnical Commission, "Information
              Technology - Software Asset Management - Part 2: Software
              Identification Tag, ISO/IEC 19770-2", November 2009.

9.2.  Informative References

   [IF-IMC]   Trusted Computing Group, "TNC IF-IMC version 1.3",
              February 2013.

   [IF-IMV]   Trusted Computing Group, "TNC IF-IMV version 1.4", August
              2013.

   [NIST-SWID]
              The National Institute of Standards and Technology and The
              MITRE Corporation, "Guidelines for the Creation of
              Interoperable Software Identification (SWID) Tags", August
              2013.

   [RFC5793]  Sahita, R., Hanna, S., Hurst, R., and K. Narayan, "PB-TNC:
              A Posture Broker (PB) Protocol Compatible with Trusted
              Network Connect (TNC)", RFC 5793, DOI 10.17487/RFC5793,
              March 2010, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5793>.



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   [RFC6876]  Sangster, P., Cam-Winget, N., and J. Salowey, "A Posture
              Transport Protocol over TLS (PT-TLS)", RFC 6876,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC6876, February 2013,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6876>.

   [RFC7171]  Cam-Winget, N. and P. Sangster, "PT-EAP: Posture Transport
              (PT) Protocol for Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP)
              Tunnel Methods", RFC 7171, DOI 10.17487/RFC7171, May 2014,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7171>.

Appendix A.  Examples

   This appendix includes examples of a SWID tag file and SWID
   attributes.  All examples represent fictional content.  Examples are
   provided using the 2009 release of the ISO/IEC SWID specification.

A.1.  A Simple SWID Tag

   Figure 16 shows an example SWID tag for a fictional software product
   called SomeApp created by Vendor Inc. This example includes only the
   required SWID tag fields.  This tag is for version 2.3, build 12 of
   the product.





























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  1]<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
  2]<swid:software_identification_tag
  3]  xmlns:swid="http://standards.iso.org/iso/19770/-2/2009/schema.xsd"
  4]  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
  5]    <swid:entitlement_required_indicator>
  6]        true
  7]    </swid:entitlement_required_indicator>
  8]    <swid:product_title>SomeApp</swid:product_title>
  9]    <swid:product_version>
 10]        <swid:name>2.3 r12</swid:name>
 11]        <swid:numeric>
 12]            <swid:major>2</swid:major>
 13]            <swid:minor>3</swid:minor>
 14]            <swid:build>12</swid:build>
 15]            <swid:review>0</swid:review>
 16]        </swid:numeric>
 17]    </swid:product_version>
 18]    <swid:software_creator>
 19]        <swid:name>Vendor Inc.</swid:name>
 20]        <swid:regid>regid.2013-06.com.vendor</swid:regid>
 21]    </swid:software_creator>
 22]    <swid:software_licensor>
 23]        <swid:name>Vendor Inc.</swid:name>
 24]        <swid:regid>regid.2013-06.com.vendor</swid:regid>
 25]    </swid:software_licensor>
 26]    <swid:software_id>
 27]        <swid:unique_id>
 28]            someapp-21ec2020-3aea-1069-a2dd-08002b30309d
 29]        </swid:unique_id>
 30]        <swid:tag_creator_regid>
 31]            regid.2013-06.com.vendor
 32]        </swid:tag_creator_regid>
 33]    </swid:software_id>
 34]    <swid:tag_creator>
 35]        <swid:name>Vendor Inc.</swid:name>
 36]        <swid:regid>regid.2013-06.com.vendor</swid:regid>
 37]    </swid:tag_creator>
 38]</swid:software_identification_tag>


                       Figure 16: A Simple SWID Tag

   The SWID tag described in Figure 16 is limited to only the
   information required by the SWID specification [SWID].  This
   information includes the following:






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   o  Lines 5-7: Entitlement requirement indicator.  This indicates
      whether some sort of entitlement (e.g., a license) is required in
      order to install and/or use the software.

   o  Line 8: Prose name of the product

   o  Lines 9-17: Product version.  This includes both a prose
      expression of the full product version and the version information
      broken down into distinct fields.

   o  Lines 18-21: Software creator identification.  This identifies the
      party that created the software.  This includes both a prose name
      of the software creator and their "regid" value.

   o  Lines 22-25: Software licensor identification.  This identifies
      the party that holds the rights to license others to use the
      software.

   o  Lines 26-33: Software unique identifier.  This structure contains
      the regid for the party that created this tag and a value that
      party uses to uniquely identify the named software product.  The
      SWID Message and Attributes for PA-TNC specification uses the
      values of these fields when constructing a SWID tag identifier, as
      described in Section 3.3.

   o  Lines 34-37: Tag creator identification.  This identifies the
      party that created the tag.

   Assume the SWID tag file is installed on the file system in the
   following location:

   C:\ProgramData\Vendor\regid.2013-06.com.vendor_someapp-21ec2020-3aea-
   1069.swidtag

A.2.  SWID Request Attributes

   Below are hexadecimal dumps of example SWID Request attributes.  SWID
   Request attributes are described in more detail in Section 4.7.

A.2.1.  Simple Request

   This is a basic SWID request for inventory information - the request
   is not targeted nor does the request establish a subscription on the
   endpoint.  The SWID Request dictates that the response be expressed
   using SWID tag identifier instances.






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   +-------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
   | 20 00 00 00 | Clear Subscriptions = 0 (don't clear                |
   |             | subscriptions), Subscribe = 0 (don't establish a    |
   |             | new subscription), Result Type = 1 (respond using   |
   |             | SWID tag identifier instances), Tag ID Count = 0    |
   |             | (non-targeted request)                              |
   | ----------- |                                                     |
   | 00 00 3a 76 | Request ID = 14966                                  |
   | ----------- |                                                     |
   | 00 00 00 00 | Earliest EID = 0 (respond with inventory rather     |
   |             | than event records)                                 |
   +-------------+-----------------------------------------------------+

   Note that this attribute does not contain any Tag Creator Length, Tag
   Creator, Unique Software ID Length, or Unique Software ID fields
   because the Tag ID Count field is 0.

A.2.2.  Subscription Request for Events

   This attribute establishes a request for a new subscription that will
   report new SWID change events as they occur.

   +-------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
   | 60 00 00 00 | Clear Subscriptions = 0 (don't clear                |
   |             | subscriptions), Subscribe = 1 (establish a new      |
   |             | subscription), Result Type = 1 (respond using SWID  |
   |             | tag identifier instances), Tag ID Count = 0 (non-   |
   |             | targeted request)                                   |
   | ----------- |                                                     |
   | 00 00 3a 76 | Request ID = 14967                                  |
   | ----------- |                                                     |
   | 00 02 cc 3a | Earliest EID = 183354                               |
   +-------------+-----------------------------------------------------+

   As before, this attribute does not contain any Tag Creator Length,
   Tag Creator, Unique Software ID Length, or Unique Software ID fields
   because the Tag ID Count field is 0.  The immediate response to this
   message (assuming no errors are encountered) will be a list of events
   with EIDs that are greater than or equal to 183354.  Thereafter, if
   any new events are recorded, those events (and only those events)
   will be sent back to the SWID-PV in fulfillment of this subscription.
   (See Section 3.8.2 for more on subscription fulfillment.)

A.2.3.  Targeted Request

   This example shows a targeted request.  Specifically, the request
   includes two SWID tag identifiers.  The attribute requests that the
   corresponding full SWID tags be returned.



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   +-----------------+-------------------------------------------------+
   | 00 00 00 02     | Clear Subscriptions = 0 (don't clear            |
   |                 | subscriptions), Subscribe = 0 (don't establish  |
   |                 | a new subscription), Result Type = 0 (respond   |
   |                 | using full SWID tags), Tag ID Count = 2         |
   |                 | (targeted request identifying two SWID tags)    |
   | -----------     |                                                 |
   | 00 00 3a 76     | Request ID = 14968                              |
   | -----------     |                                                 |
   | 00 00 00 00     | Earliest EID = 0 (respond with inventory rather |
   |                 | than event records)                             |
   | ===========     | START TAG IDENTIFIER 1                          |
   | 00 18           | Tag Creator Length = 24                         |
   | -----------     |                                                 |
   | 72 65 67 69 64  | Tag Creator = regid.2013-06.com.vendor          |
   | 2e 32 30 31 33  |                                                 |
   | 2d 30 36 2e 63  |                                                 |
   | 6f 6d 2e 76 65  |                                                 |
   | 6e 64 6f 72     |                                                 |
   | -----------     |                                                 |
   | 00 2c           | Unique Software ID Length = 44                  |
   | -----------     |                                                 |
   | 73 6f 6d 65 61  | Unique Software ID =                            |
   | 70 70 2d 32 31  | someapp-21ec2020-3aea-1069-a2dd-08002b30309d    |
   | 65 63 32 30 32  |                                                 |
   | 30 2d 33 61 65  |                                                 |
   | 61 2d 31 30 36  |                                                 |
   | 39 2d 61 32 64  |                                                 |
   | 64 2d 30 38 30  |                                                 |
   | 30 32 62 33 30  |                                                 |
   | 33 30 39 64     |                                                 |
   | ===========     | START TAG IDENTIFIER 2                          |
   | 00 18           | Tag Creator Length = 24                         |
   | -----------     |                                                 |
   | 72 65 67 69 64  | Tag Creator = regid.2013-06.com.vendor          |
   | 2e 32 30 31 33  |                                                 |
   | 2d 30 36 2e 63  |                                                 |
   | 6f 6d 2e 76 65  |                                                 |
   | 6e 64 6f 72     |                                                 |
   | -----------     |                                                 |
   | 00 2f           | Unique Software ID Length = 47                  |
   | -----------     |                                                 |
   | 61 6e 6f 74 68  | Unique Software ID =                            |
   | 65 72 61 70 70  | anotherapp-23a52020-3aea-1069-a2dd-0800884d4e21 |
   | 2d 32 33 61 35  |                                                 |
   | 32 30 32 30 2d  |                                                 |
   | 33 61 65 61 2d  |                                                 |
   | 31 30 36 39 2d  |                                                 |



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   | 61 32 64 64 2d  |                                                 |
   | 30 38 30 30 38  |                                                 |
   | 38 34 64 34 65  |                                                 |
   | 32 31           |                                                 |
   +-----------------+-------------------------------------------------+

   This message contains SWID tag identifiers for two SWID tags.  The
   first of these tags is the example SWID tag described in
   Appendix A.1.  The second tag is created by the same tag creator, but
   indicates a different software product.

A.3.  SWID Response Attributes

   This section contains examples of SWID response attributes.

A.3.1.  SWID Tag Identifier Events Attribute

   This shows an example of a SWID Tag Identifier Events attribute.  In
   this case, this attribute is sent in fulfillment of an established
   subscription rather than in direct response to a SWID Request
   attribute.  (This is indicated by setting the Subscription
   Fulfillment flag.)  The SWID Request attribute shown in
   Appendix A.2.2 established this subscription (as indicated by the
   Subscription ID field).

   This response contains two event records.

   +-------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
   | 80 00 00 02       | Subscription Fulfillment = 1, Event Count = 2 |
   | -----------       |                                               |
   | 00 00 3a 76       | Subscription ID = 14968                       |
   | -----------       |                                               |
   | 7e 82 1c aa       | EID Epoch = 2122456234                        |
   | -----------       |                                               |
   | 00 02 cc 84       | Last EID = 183428                             |
   | -----------       |                                               |
   | 00 02 cc 84       | Last Consulted EID = 183428 (Same as Last EID |
   |                   | so this is a complete result)                 |
   | ===========       | START EVENT RECORD 1                          |
   | 00 02 cc 83       | EID = 183427                                  |
   | -----------       |                                               |
   | 32 30 31 33 2d 30 | Timestamp = 2013-07-21T04:32:16Z              |
   | 37 2d 32 31 54 30 |                                               |
   | 34 3a 33 32 3a 31 |                                               |
   | 36 5a             |                                               |
   | -----------       |                                               |
   | 01                | Action = 1 (CREATION)                         |
   | -----------       |                                               |



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   | 00 18             | Tag Creator Length = 24                       |
   | -----------       |                                               |
   | 72 65 67 69 64 2e | Tag Creator = regid.2013-06.com.vendor        |
   | 32 30 31 33 2d 30 |                                               |
   | 36 2e 63 6f 6d 2e |                                               |
   | 76 65 6e 64 6f 72 |                                               |
   | -----------       |                                               |
   | 00 2c             | Unique Software ID Length = 44                |
   | -----------       |                                               |
   | 73 6f 6d 65 61 70 | Unique Software ID =                          |
   | 70 2d 32 31 65 63 | someapp-21ec2020-3aea-1069-a2dd-08002b30309d  |
   | 32 30 32 30 2d 33 |                                               |
   | 61 65 61 2d 31 30 |                                               |
   | 36 39 2d 61 32 64 |                                               |
   | 64 2d 30 38 30 30 |                                               |
   | 32 62 33 30 33 30 |                                               |
   | 39 64             |                                               |
   | -----------       |                                               |
   | 00 51             | Instance ID Length = 81                       |
   | -----------       |                                               |
   | 43 3a 5c 50 72 6f | Instance ID =                                 |
   | 67 72 61 6d 44 61 | C:\ProgramData\Vendor\regid.2013-06.          |
   | 74 61 5c 56 65 6e | com.vendor_someapp-21ec2020-3aea-1069.swidtag |
   | 64 6f 72 5c 72 65 |                                               |
   | 67 69 64 2e 32 30 |                                               |
   | 31 33 2d 30 36 2e |                                               |
   | 63 6f 6d 2e 76 65 |                                               |
   | 6e 64 6f 72 5f 73 |                                               |
   | 6f 6d 65 61 70 70 |                                               |
   | 2d 32 31 65 63 32 |                                               |
   | 30 32 30 2d 33 61 |                                               |
   | 65 61 2d 31 30 36 |                                               |
   | 39 2e 73 77 69 64 |                                               |
   | 74 61 67          |                                               |
   | ============      | START EVENT RECORD 2                          |
   | 00 02 cc 84       | EID = 183428                                  |
   | -----------       |                                               |
   | 32 30 31 33 2d 30 | Timestamp = 2013-07-21T04:32:22Z              |
   | 37 2d 32 31 54 30 |                                               |
   | 34 3a 33 32 3a 32 |                                               |
   | 32 5a             |                                               |
   | -----------       |                                               |
   | 02                | Action = 2 (DELETED)                          |
   | -----------       |                                               |
   | 00 18             | Tag Creator Length = 24                       |
   | -----------       |                                               |
   | 72 65 67 69 64 2e | Tag Creator = regid.2009-08.com.company       |
   | 32 30 30 39 2d 30 |                                               |



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   | 38 2e 63 6f 6d 2e |                                               |
   | 63 6f 6d 70 61 6e |                                               |
   | 79                |                                               |
   | -----------       |                                               |
   | 00 24             | Unique Software ID Length = 36                |
   | -----------       |                                               |
   | 32 34 38 35 34 39 | Unique Software ID =                          |
   | 37 35 2d 31 32 35 | 24854975-125e-ee3e-98ac-45684248eefa          |
   | 65 2d 65 65 33 65 |                                               |
   | 2d 39 38 61 63 2d |                                               |
   | 34 35 36 38 34 32 |                                               |
   | 34 38 65 65 66 61 |                                               |
   | -----------       |                                               |
   | 00 47             | Instance ID Length = 71                       |
   | -----------       |                                               |
   | 43 3a 5c 50 72 6f | Instance ID = C:\Program                      |
   | 67 72 61 6d 20 46 | Files\Company\OurProduct\                     |
   | 69 6c 65 73 5c 43 | OurProduct_8749-84789200-02.swidtag           |
   | 6f 6d 70 61 6e 79 |                                               |
   | 5c 4f 75 72 50 72 |                                               |
   | 6f 64 75 63 74 5c |                                               |
   | 4f 75 72 50 72 6f |                                               |
   | 64 75 63 74 5f 38 |                                               |
   | 37 34 39 2d 38 34 |                                               |
   | 37 38 39 32 30 30 |                                               |
   | 2d 30 32 2e 73 77 |                                               |
   | 69 64 74 61 67    |                                               |
   +-------------------+-----------------------------------------------+

   This response contains two event records.  Note that their timestamps
   indicate that they occurred a few seconds apart - some SWID-PCs might
   choose to wait a brief time before sending messages in fulfillment of
   subscriptions so as to send multiple event records in a single
   attribute.  The first event record indicates the creation of the SWID
   tag shown in Appendix A.1.  The second event record indicates the
   deletion of a different SWID tag.  Finally, note that since the Last
   EID field is equal to the EID of one of the reported event records,
   this indicates that the SWID-PC has no later recorded events.

A.3.2.  SWID Tag Inventory Attribute

   This shows an example of a SWID Tag Inventory attribute.  In this
   case, this attribute is being sent in direct response to a SWID
   Request attribute, as indicated by the Subscription Fulfillment flag
   being unset.  (Specifically, it is being sent in response to the SWID
   Request shown in Appendix A.2.3, as can be shown by comparing the
   Request ID and Request ID Copy fields.)  The result includes a single
   tag entry.



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   +-----------------------+-------------------------------------------+
   | 00 00 00 01           | Subscription Fulfillment = 0, Tag Count = |
   |                       | 1                                         |
   | -----------           |                                           |
   | 00 00 3a 76           | Request ID Copy = 14968                   |
   | -----------           |                                           |
   | 7e 82 1c aa           | EID Epoch = 2122456234                    |
   | -----------           |                                           |
   | 00 02 cc 84           | Last EID = 183428                         |
   | ===========           | BEGIN TAG ENTRY                           |
   | 00 51                 | Instance ID Length = 81                   |
   | -----------           |                                           |
   | 43 3a 5c 50 72 6f 67  | Instance ID =                             |
   | 72 61 6d 44 61 74 61  | C:\ProgramData\Vendor\regid.2013-06.com.  |
   | 5c 56 65 6e 64 6f 72  | vendor_someapp-21ec2020-3aea-1069.swidtag |
   | 5c 72 65 67 69 64 2e  |                                           |
   | 32 30 31 33 2d 30 36  |                                           |
   | 2e 63 6f 6d 2e 76 65  |                                           |
   | 6e 64 6f 72 5f 73 6f  |                                           |
   | 6d 65 61 70 70 2d 32  |                                           |
   | 31 65 63 32 30 32 30  |                                           |
   | 2d 33 61 65 61 2d 31  |                                           |
   | 30 36 39 2e 73 77 69  |                                           |
   | 64 74 61 67           |                                           |
   | -----------           |                                           |
   | 05 ac                 | Tag Length = 1452                         |
   | -----------           |                                           |
   | 3c 3f 78 6d 6c 20 76  | The Tag field is equal to the SWID tag    |
   | ...  69 6f 6e 5f 74   | shown in Figure 16. Note that since the   |
   | 61 67 3e              | original tag used UTF-8 encoding, the tag |
   |                       | is copied without undergoing any          |
   |                       | conversion or normalization.              |
   +-----------------------+-------------------------------------------+

   This attribute contains a single SWID tag.  As a response to the
   targeted SWID Request in Appendix A.2.3, this indicates a single
   instance of the first requested SWID tag and no instances of the
   second requested tag were present in the endpoint's SWID tag
   collection.  Moreover, if the same party receives both this attribute
   and the attribute in Appendix A.3.1, one can tell that there have
   been no change events recorded since the preceding message, because
   the EID Epoch and Last EID values are unchanged.

Authors' Addresses







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   Chris Coffin
   The MITRE Corporation
   202 Burlington Road
   Bedford, MA  01730
   USA

   Email: ccoffin@mitre.org


   Daniel Haynes
   The MITRE Corporation
   202 Burlington Road
   Bedford, MA  01730
   USA

   Email: dhaynes@mitre.org


   Charles Schmidt
   The MITRE Corporation
   202 Burlington Road
   Bedford, MA  01730
   USA

   Email: cmschmidt@mitre.org


   Jessica Fitzgerald-McKay
   Department of Defense
   9800 Savage Road
   Ft. Meade, Maryland
   USA

   Email: jmfitz2@nsa.gov

















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