Internet DRAFT - draft-boulton-media-server-control

draft-boulton-media-server-control






Network Working Group                                         C. Boulton
Internet-Draft                             Ubiquity Software Corporation
Expires: December 31, 2005                                  T. Melanchuk
                                                                Convedia
                                                           June 29, 2005


                     Media Server Request Protocol
                 draft-boulton-media-server-control-00

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Copyright Notice

   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2005).

Abstract

   This document describes a protocol for application deployment where
   the application logic and media processing are distributed.  The
   framework uses the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) to establish an
   application-level control mechanism between Application Servers and
   Media Servers.

   The motivation for this protocol is to provide an interface suitable



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   to meet the requirements of a distributed, centralized conference
   system, as defined by the XCON work group of the IETF.

Table of Contents

   1.   Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   2.   Conventions and Terminology  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
   3.   Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
   4.   Locating Media Server Resources  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
   5.   Controlling UAC Behavior - Control Channel Setup . . . . . .   9
   6.   Media Server UAS Behavior - Control Channel Setup  . . . . .  10
   7.   Media Dialog Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
   8.   Control Command Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
   9.   Media Control Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
   10.  XML Schema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
   11.  Network Address Translator(NAT)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
   12.  Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
   13.  Security Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
   14.  IANA Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
     14.1   IANA Registration of the 'mscs' Option Tag . . . . . . .  12
     14.2   SDP Transport Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
       14.2.1   TCP/MSCS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
       14.2.2   TCP/TLS/MSCS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
     14.3   SDP Attribute Names  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
   15.  Acknowledgments  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
   16.  References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
     16.1   Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
     16.2   Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
        Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
        Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements . . . . . . .  15





















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1.  Introduction

   Applications are often developed using an architecture where the
   application logic and media processing are distributed.  Commonly,
   the application logic runs on "application servers" whilst the media
   processing runs on "media servers".  This document focuses on the
   protocol between the application server and media server.  A detailed
   set of requirements for Media Server Control can be found in the
   'Requirements for a Media Server Control Protocol' document[9]

   Currently the document describes the model for media server control.
   Subsequent versions will build on the model and address the specific
   application requirements from [9]

   While the primary motivation for the work is to meet the XCON
   requirements, there are many other application scenarios that require
   media processing services within a SIP centric network.  Application
   developers want to continue to leverage SIP for establishing and
   managing media sessions, while only adding the protocol machinery
   necessary to allow application control of media server operation.

   Current IETF transport device control protocols, such as megaco [7],
   while excellent for controlling media gateways which bridge separate
   networks are troublesome for supporting media-rich applications in
   SIP networks as they duplicate many of the functions inherent in SIP.
   Rather than relying on single protocol session establishment,
   application developers need to translate between two separate
   mechanisms.

   Application servers traditionally use SIP third party call control
   RFC 3725 [12] to establish media sessions from SIP user agents to a
   media server.  SIP, as defined in RFC 3261 [2], also provides the
   ideal rendezvous mechanism for establishing and maintaining control
   connections to Media Server components.  The control connections can
   then be used to exchange explicit command/response interactions that
   allow for media control and associated command response results.

   At first glance, it may appear that the session establishment
   procedures here look similar to MRCPv2 [6].  Like MRCPv2, the
   protocol described here uses SIP for resource location, leverages SIP
   for availability and redundancy, can tap into caller preferences
   [14], and, as this document will describe below, establish an
   application channel for the exchange of media processing commands.

   However, the protocol entities of MRCPv2 and the protocol described
   herein are entirely different.  Moreover, it is highly unlikely for a
   MRCPv2 server to implement the primitives described in this document.
   Likewise, it is exceedingly unlikely for a server implementing this



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   protocol to implement speech services such as speech recognition,
   speaker identification, or text-to-speech.

   We could institute a complex capabilities negotiation mechanism and a
   large set of non-overlapping, optional methods.  However, it is much
   cleaner to simply use the proven MRCPv2 session establishment model
   with a wire protocol that is appropriate for the task at hand.

2.  Conventions and Terminology

   In this document, BCP 14/RFC 2119 [1] defines the key words "MUST",
   "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT",
   "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL".  In
   addition, BCP 15 indicates requirement levels for compliant
   implementations.

   The following additional terms are defined for use in this document:
   B2BUA : A B2BUA is a Back-to-Back SIP User Agent.
   Media Server : A Media Server is an entity that performs media
      processing on behalf of a requesting agent or Media Control
      Client.  In particular, a Media Server offers mixing,
      announcement, tone detection and generation, and object play and
      record services.  The Media Server has a direct RTP [15]
      relationship with the source or sink of the media flow.
   Media Control Client : A Media Control Client is an entity that
      requests media processing from a Media Server.  Note that the
      Media Control Client may not have any media capabilities
      whatsoever.  For example, the Media Control Client may be an
      Application Server (B2BUA) or other endpoint requesting
      manipulation of a third-party's media stream.  In the document, we
      often refer to this entity simply as "the Client".

3.  Overview

   This document details mechanisms for establishing, using, and
   terminating a reliable channel using SIP for the purpose of
   controlling a Media Server.  The following text provides a non-
   normative overview of the mechanisms used.  Detailed, normative
   guidelines are provided later in the document.

   Media control channels are negotiated using standard SIP mechanisms
   that would be used in a similar manner to creating a voice session.
   Figure 1 illustrates a simplified view of the proposed mechanism.  It
   highlights a separation of the SIP signaling traffic and the
   associated control channel that is established as a result of the SIP
   interactions.

   The use of SIP for the specified mechanism provides many inherent



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   capabilities which include:-
   o  Service location - Use SIP Proxies or Back-to-Back User Agents for
      discovering Media Servers.
   o  Security mechanisms - Leverage established security mechanisms
      such as TLS and Client Authentication.
   o  Connection Maintenance - The ability to re-negotiate a connection,
      ensure it is active, audit parameters, etc.
   o  Media Agnostic - Generic protocol allows for easy extension.

   As mentioned in the previous list, one of the main benefits of using
   SIP as the session control protocol is the 'Service Location'
   facilities provided.  This applies at both a routing level where RFC
   3263 [4] provides the physical location of devices and at the Service
   level using Caller Preferences[13] and Callee Capabilities[14].  The
   ability to select a Media Server based on Service level capabilities
   is extremely powerful when considering a distributed, clustered
   architecture containing varying services (e.g.  Voice, Video, IM).
   More detail on locating Media Server resources using these techniques
   is outlined in Section 5 of this document.


          +---------------SIP Traffic---------------+
          |                                         |
          v                                         v
       +-----+                                   +--+--+
       | SIP |                                   | SIP |
       |Stack|                                   |Stack|
   +---+-----+---+                           +---+-----+---+
   |   Media     |                           |    Media    |
   |   Control   |<-----Control Channel----->|    Server   |
   |   Client    |                           |             |
   +-------------+                           +-------------+


                       Figure 1: Basic Architecture

   The example from Figure 1 conveys a 1:1 connection between the Media
   Control Client and the Media Server.  It is be possible, if required,
   for multiple connections using separate SIP dialogs to be established
   between the Media Control Client and the Media Server entities.  Any
   of the connections created between the two entities can then be used
   for Media Server control interactions.  The control connections are
   agnostic to the overlying media sessions and specific session
   information is incorporated in the control interaction commands
   represented using the defined XML schema (as defined in Section 10).
   The ability to have multiple connections allows for stronger
   redundancy and the ability to manage high volumes of traffic in busy
   systems.



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   [Editors Note: Still under discussion.  How does an app server know,
   when there are multiple media servers, which specific MS has any
   given media session?  Next version of the draft will discuss the
   correlation procedures.  The App server needs a control channel with
   the media server and needs to know which channel to use once the
   media session has been established.  Sounds like a GRUU usage?

   Consider the following simple example for session establishment
   between a Client and a Media Server (Note: Some lines in the examples
   are removed for clarity and brevity).

   The Client constructs and sends a SIP INVITE request to the Media
   Server.  The request contains the option tag 'mscs' in a SIP
   'Require' header for the purpose of forcing the use of mechanism
   described in this document.  The SDP payload includes the required
   information for control channel negotiation.  The COMEDIA [8]
   specification for setting up and maintaining reliable connections is
   used (more detail available in later sections).

   Client Sends to Media Server:

   INVITE sip:Media-Server@example.com SIP/2.0
   To: <sip:Media-Server@example.com>
   From: <sip:Client@example.com>;tag=64823746
   Require: mscs
   Call-ID: 7823987HJHG6
   Content-Type: application/sdp

   v=0
   o=originator 2890844526 2890842808 IN IP4 controller.example,com
   s=-
   c=IN IP4 controller.example.com
   m=application 7575 TCP/MSCS
   a=setup:active
   a=connection:new


   On receiving the INVITE requests, the Media Server supporting this
   mechanism generates a 200 OK response containing appropriate SDP.

   Media Server Sends to Client:










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   SIP/2.0 200 OK
   To: <sip:Media-Server@example.com>;tag=28943879
   From: <sip:Client@example.com>;tag=64823746
   Call-ID: 7823987HJHG6
   Content-Type: application/sdp

   v=0
   o=originator 2890844526 2890842808 IN IP4 controller.example,com
   s=-
   c=IN IP4 mserver.example.com
   m=application 7563 TCP/MSCS
   a=setup:passive
   a=connection:new


   The Client receives the SIP 200 OK response and extracts the relevant
   information.  It creates an outgoing (as specified by the SDP
   'setup:' attribute) TCP connection to the Media server.  The
   connection address (taken from 'c=') and port (taken from 'm=')are
   used to identify the remote part in the new connection.

   Once established, the newly created connection can be used to
   exchange Media Server control language requests and responses.  As
   well, after the control channel has been setup, media sessions can be
   established using standard SIP third party call control.

   [Editors Note: See previous note:this is where we may need to mention
   how an App Server knows which Media Server is responsible for any
   given media session.]

   Figure 4 provides a simplified view of a User Agent involved with the
   proposed architecture. (1) in brackets represents the SIP dialog and
   dedicated control channel previously described in this overview
   section.

















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                             +---------Control SIP Dialog(1)-----------+
                             |                                         |
                             v                                         v
                          +-----+                                   +--+--+
      +------(2)--------->| SIP |----------------(2)--------------->| SIP |
      |                   |Stack|                                   |Stack|
      |               +---+-----+---+                           +---+-----+---+
      |               |   Media     |                           |             |
      |               |   Control   |<--Control Channel(1)----->|             |
      |               |   Client    |                           |    Media    |
      |               +-------------+                           |    Server   |
   +--+--+                                                      |             |
   |User |                                                      |             |
   |Agent|<============================RTP(2)==================>|             |
   +-----+                                                      +-------------+


                    Figure 4: Participant Architecture

   (2) from Figure 4 represents the User Agent SIP dialog interactions
   and associated media flow.  A User Agent would create a SIP dialog
   with the Media Control Client entity.  The Media Control Client
   entity will also create a related dialog to the Media Server (B2BUA
   type functionality).  Using the interaction illustrated by (2), the
   User Agent is able to negotiate media capabilities using standard SIP
   mechanisms as defined in RFC 3261 [2] and RFC 3264 [5] with the Media
   Server.  The Media Control Client will maintain relevant, unique,
   information associated with the User Agent media dialog.  This is
   achieved using a concatenation of the dialog identifiers (SIP From-
   tag + SIP To-tag + Call-ID as defined in RFC 3261 [2] - [TBD and
   defined in later section].  Both Media Server and the Control Client
   carry out this process when a SIP media dialog from a User Agent is
   successful.  The token produced from this concatenation process is
   then used by the Control Client and Media Server to directly identify
   a SIP dialog when Media Control commands using the XML defined in
   Section 10 and Section 9 are passed between the two entities.

   If not present in the SDP received by the Media Control Client from
   the User Agent(2), a media label SDP attribute which is defined in
   [11] MAY be inserted for every media description (identified as m=
   line as defined in [10]).  This provides flexibility for the Media
   Control Client as it can generate Media Server controls that specify
   a particular Media stream (between User Agent and Media Server)
   within a SIP media dialog.  If a Media label is not included in the
   Media Control XML command it applies to all media associated with the
   dialog.

   [Editors Note: TODO - Overview of Conference instance  + control



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   commands.]

4.  Locating Media Server Resources

   Section will describe mechanisms for locating a Media server.

5.  Controlling UAC Behavior - Control Channel Setup

   On creating a new SIP INVITE request, a UAC can insist on using the
   mechanisms defined in this document.  This is achieved by inserting a
   SIP Require header containing the option tag 'mscs'.  A SIP Require
   header with the value 'mscs' SHOULD NOT be present in any other SIP
   request type, although extensions to SIP MAY allow its usage with
   other request methods.

   If on creating a new SIP INVITE request, a UAC does not want to
   insist on the usage of the mechanisms defined in this document but
   merely that it supports them, a SIP Supported header MUST be included
   in the request with the option tag 'mscs'.

   If a reliable response is received (as defined RFC 3261 [2] and RFC
   3262 [3]) that contains a SIP Require header containing the option
   tag 'mscs', the mechanisms defined in this document are applicable to
   the newly created dialog.

   Before the UAC can send a request, it MUST include a valid session
   description using the Session Description Protocol defined in .  The
   following information defines the composition of some specific
   elements of the SDP payload that MUST be adhered to for compliancy to
   this specification.

   The Connection Data line in the SDP payload is constructed as
   specified in [10]:

   c=<nettype> <addrtype> <connection-address>

   The first sub-field,  <nettype>, MUST equal the value "IN".  The
   second sub-field, <addrtype>, MUST equal either "IP4" or "IP6".  The
   third sub-field for Connection Data is  <connection-address>.  This
   supplies a representation of the SDP originators address e.g. dns/IP
   representation.  The address will be the network address used for
   connections in this specification.

   Example:

   c=IN IP4 controller.example.com

   The SDP MUST contain a corresponding Media Description entry for



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   compliance to this specification:

   m=<media> <port> <proto>

   The first "sub-field"  <media> MUST equal the value "application".
   The second sub-field  <port> MUST represent a port on which the
   constructing client can receive an incoming connection if required.
   The port is used in combination with the address specified in the
   'Connection Data line defined previously to supply connection
   details.  If the constructing client can not receive incoming
   connections it MUST still enter a valid port range entry.  The use of
   the port value '0' has the same meaning as defined in the SDP
   specification[10].  The third sub-field, <proto>, MUST equal the
   value "TCP/MSCS" as defined in Section 14.2.2 of this document.

   [Editors note: Need to cover other protocols so not TCP specific]

   The SDP MUST also contain a number of SDP media attributes(a=), that
   are specifically defined in the COMEDIA specification.  The
   attributes provide connection negotiation and maintenance parameters.
   A client conforming to this specification SHOULD support all the
   possible values defined for media attributes from the COMEDIA [8]
   specification.  It is RECOMMENDED that a Controlling UAC initiate a
   connection to a Media Server but a Media Server MAY negotiate and
   initiate a connection using COMEDIA, if network topology prohibits
   initiating connections in a certain direction.  An example of the
   attributes might be:


                           a=setup:active
                           a=connection:new


   This example demonstrates a new connection that will be initiated
   from the owner of the SDP payload.  The connection details are
   contained in the SDP answer received from the UAS.  A full example of
   an SDP payload compliant to this specification can be viewed in
   Section 3.  Once the SDP has been constructed along with the
   remainder of the SIP INVITE request (as defined in RFC 3261 [2]), it
   can be sent to the appropriate location.

6.  Media Server UAS Behavior - Control Channel Setup

   On receiving a SIP INVITE request, a Media Server(UAS) inspects the
   message for indications of support for the mechanisms defined in this
   specification.  This is achieved through the presence of the SIP
   Supported and Require headers containing the option tag 'mscs'.  If
   the Media Server wishes to construct a reliable response that conveys



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   support for the extension, it should follow the mechanisms defined in
   RFC 3261 [2] for responding to SIP supported and Require headers.  If
   support is conveyed in a reliable SIP provisional response, the
   mechanisms in RFC 3263 [4] MUST also be used.

   When constructing a SIP success response, the SDP payload MUST be
   constructed using the semantics(Connection, Media and attribute)
   defined in Section 5 using valid local settings and also with full
   compliance to the COMEDIA[8] specification.  For example, the SDP
   attributes included in the answer constructed for the example offer
   provided in Section 5 would look as illustrated below:


                           a=setup:passive
                           a=connection:new


   Once the SIP success response has been constructed, it is sent using
   standard SIP mechanisms.  Depending on the contents of the SDP
   payloads that were negotiated using the Offer/Answer exchange, a
   reliable connection will be established between the Controlling UAC
   and Media server UAS entities.  The connection is now available to
   exchange XML commands, as defined in Section 9 and Section 10 of this
   document.

7.  Media Dialog Operation

   This section will describe in more detail the SIP interactions
   between User Agents-->Control client-->Media Server.

8.  Control Command Construction

   This section focuses on the construction of control commands that
   that are defined in the XML schemas provided later in this draft.  It
   is expected that the draft might split dialog commands away from
   conference commands.  This will enable simple implementations to just
   do IVR and advanced to implement conference control and IVR.

9.  Media Control Elements

   Included as a placeholder for Element definitions

10.  XML Schema

   Included as a placeholder for XML schema definition






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11.  Network Address Translator(NAT)

   This section will look at geographically distributed systems where
   NAT traversal might be an issue.  It will look at both the SIP media
   dialog traversal and the control channel traversal.

12.  Examples

13.  Security Considerations

   Security Considerations to be included in later versions of this
   document.

14.  IANA Considerations

14.1  IANA Registration of the 'mscs' Option Tag

14.2  SDP Transport Protocol

14.2.1  TCP/MSCS

14.2.2  TCP/TLS/MSCS

14.3  SDP Attribute Names

15.  Acknowledgments

   The authors would like to thank Ian Evans and Michael Bardzinski of
   Ubiquity Software for useful review and input to this work.  Eric
   Burger contributed to the early phases of this work.

16.  References

16.1  Normative References

   [1]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement
        Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

16.2  Informative References

   [2]   Rosenberg, J., Schulzrinne, H., Camarillo, G., Johnston, A.,
         Peterson, J., Sparks, R., Handley, M., and E. Schooler, "SIP:
         Session Initiation Protocol", RFC 3261, June 2002.

   [3]   Rosenberg, J. and H. Schulzrinne, "Reliability of Provisional
         Responses in Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)", RFC 3262,
         June 2002.




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   [4]   Rosenberg, J. and H. Schulzrinne, "Session Initiation Protocol
         (SIP): Locating SIP Servers", RFC 3263, June 2002.

   [5]   Rosenberg, J. and H. Schulzrinne, "An Offer/Answer Model with
         Session Description Protocol (SDP)", RFC 3264, June 2002.

   [6]   Shanmugham, S., "Media Resource Control Protocol Version
         2(MRCPv2)", draft-ietf-speechsc-mrcpv2-06 (work in progress),
         February 2005.

   [7]   Groves, C., Pantaleo, M., Anderson, T., and T. Taylor, "Gateway
         Control Protocol Version 1", RFC 3525, June 2003.

   [8]   Yon, D., "Connection-Oriented Media Transport in the Session
         Description Protocol  (SDP)", draft-ietf-mmusic-sdp-comedia-10
         (work in progress), November 2004.

   [9]   Even, R., "Requirements for a media server control protocol",
         draft-even-media-server-req-00 (work in progress),
         January 2005.

   [10]  Handley, M., "SDP: Session Description Protocol",
         draft-ietf-mmusic-sdp-new-24 (work in progress), February 2005.

   [11]  Levin, O. and G. Camarillo, "The SDP (Session Description
         Protocol) Label Attribute",
         draft-ietf-mmusic-sdp-media-label-01 (work in progress),
         January 2005.

   [12]  Rosenberg, J., Peterson, J., Schulzrinne, H., and G. Camarillo,
         "Best Current Practices for Third Party Call Control (3pcc) in
         the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)", BCP 85, RFC 3725,
         April 2004.

   [13]  Rosenberg, J., Schulzrinne, H., and P. Kyzivat, "Indicating
         User Agent Capabilities in the Session Initiation Protocol
         (SIP)", RFC 3840, August 2004.

   [14]  Rosenberg, J., Schulzrinne, H., and P. Kyzivat, "Caller
         Preferences for the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)",
         RFC 3841, August 2004.

   [15]  Schulzrinne, H., Casner, S., Frederick, R., and V. Jacobson,
         "RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Applications", STD 64,
         RFC 3550, July 2003.






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Authors' Addresses

   Chris Boulton
   Ubiquity Software Corporation
   Building 3
   Wern Fawr Lane
   St Mellons
   Cardiff, South Wales  CF3 5EA

   Email: cboulton@ubiquitysoftware.com


   Tim Melanchuk
   Convedia
   4190 Still Creek Drive, Suite 300
   Vancouver, BC  V5C 6C6
   Canada

   Email: timm@convedia.com
































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Intellectual Property Statement

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Copyright Statement

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Acknowledgment

   Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the
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