Internet DRAFT - draft-agupta-payload-rtp-evrc-nw2k
draft-agupta-payload-rtp-evrc-nw2k
Network Working Group A. Gupta
Internet-Draft Qualcomm Technologies
Intended status: Standards Track Incorporated
Expires: November 3, 2013 May 2, 2013
RTP payload format for Enhanced Variable Rate Narrowband-Wideband plus
2kbps Codec (EVRC-NW2K)
draft-agupta-payload-rtp-evrc-nw2k-00
Abstract
This document specifies real-time transport protocol (RTP) payload
formats to be used for the Enhanced Variable Rate Narrowband-Wideband
plus 2kbps Codec (EVRC-NW2K). Three media type registrations are
included for EVRC-NW2K RTP payload formats. In addition, a file
format is specified for transport of EVRC-NW2K speech data in storage
mode applications such as e-mail.
Status of this Memo
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This Internet-Draft will expire on November 3, 2013.
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the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
described in the Simplified BSD License.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3. Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4. EVRC-NW2K codec . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
5. RTP header usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
6. Payload format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
6.1. Encoding capability identification in EVRC-NW2K
interleaved/bundled format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
7. Congestion Control Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
8. Storage format for the EVRC-NW2K Codec . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
9. IANA considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
9.1. Media Type Registrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
9.1.1. Registration of Media Type audio/EVRCNW2K . . . . . . 13
9.1.2. Registration of Media Type audio/EVRCNW2K0 . . . . . . 15
9.1.3. Registration of Media Type audio/EVRCNW2K1 . . . . . . 16
10. SDP mode attributes for EVRC-NW2K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
11. Mode Change Request/Response Considerations . . . . . . . . . 20
12. Mapping EVRC-NW2K media type parameters into SDP . . . . . . . 22
13. Offer-Answer Model Considerations for EVRC-NW2K . . . . . . . 23
14. Declarative SDP Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
15. Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
16. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
17. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
17.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
17.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
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1. Introduction
This document specifies the payload formats for packetization of
EVRC-NW2K encoded speech signals into the real-time transport
protocol (RTP). It defines support for the header-free, interleaved/
bundled, and compact bundle packet formats for the EVRC-NW2K codec as
well as discontinuous transmission (DTX) support for EVRC-NW2K
encoded speech transported via RTP. The EVRC-NW2K codec offers
better speech quality than the EVRC and EVRC-B codecs and better
capacity than EVRC-WB codec. The EVRC-NW2K codec adds a new 2kbps
low rate codec to EVRC-NW. EVRC-NW2K belongs to the EVRC family of
codecs.
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2. Conventions
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [1].
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3. Background
EVRC-NW2K is an extension of EVRC-B [2] EVRC-WB [3] and EVRC-NW [4]
speech codecs developed in 3GPP2 with support for discontinuous
transmission (DTX). It provides enhanced voice quality and high
spectral efficiency.
The EVRC-NW2K codec operates on 20 ms frames, and the default
sampling rate is 16 kHz (wideband. Input and output at 8 kHz
sampling rate (narrowband) is also supported. The EVRC-NW2K codec
can operate in eight modes (0 to 7) defined in [5]. EVRC-NW2K modes
0, 1, and 7 are interoperable with EVRC-WB. EVRC-NW2K modes 1 to 2
and 4 to 7 are interoperable with EVRC-B. EVRC-NW2K modes 0 to 2 and
4 to 6 use the full set or a subset of full rate, 1/2 rate, 1/4 rate
and 1/8 rate frames. EVRC-NW2K replaces mode 3 of EVRC-B with a new
low rate 2kbps mode that uses only 1/4 rate and 1/8 rate frames.
EVRC-NW2K mode 7 uses only 1/2 rate and 1/8 rate frames. By default,
EVRC-NW2K supports all narrowband modes of EVRC-NW except 3(modes 1
to 7 except 3)which is replaced by a new narrowband 2kbps mode. Mode
change among modes 1 to 7 excluding 3 (or among modes 0 to 7
excluding 3 if the receiver supports wideband mode) results in codec
output bit-rate change but does not cause any decoding problems at
the receiver. EVRC-NW2K provides a standardized solution for
packetized voice applications that allow transitions between enhanced
quality and increased capacity. The most important service addressed
is IP telephony. Target devices can be IP phones or VoIP handsets,
media gateways, voice messaging servers, etc.
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4. EVRC-NW2K codec
The EVRC-NW2K codec operates on 20 ms frames. It produces output
frames of one of the four different sizes: 171 bits (Rate 1), 80 bits
(Rate 1/2), 40 bits (Rate 1/4), or 16 bits (Rate 1/8). In addition,
there are two zero-bit codec frame types: blank (null) frames and
erasure frames. The default sampling rate is 16 kHz. Input and
output at 8 kHz sampling rate is also supported.
The frame type values and sizes of the associated codec data frames
are listed in the table below:
Value Rate Total codec data frame size in bytes (and in bits)
--------------------------------------------------------------------
0 Blank(Null) 0 (0 bits)
1 1/8 2 (16 bits)
2 1/4 5 (40 bits)
3 1/2 10 (80 bits)
4 1 22 (171 bits; 5 bits padded at the end)
5 Erasure 0 (SHOULD NOT be transmitted by sender)
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5. RTP header usage
The format of the RTP header is specified in RFC 3550 [6]. The EVRC-
NW2K payload formats (Section 6) use the fields of the RTP header as
specified in RFC 3550 [6].
EVRC-NW2K has also the capability to operate with 8 kHz sampled
input/ output signals. The decoder does not require a priori
knowledge about the sampling rate of the original signal at the input
of the encoder. The decoder output can be at 8kHz or 16kHz
regardless of the sampling rate used at the encoder. Therefore,
depending on the implementation and the electroacoustic audio
capabilities of the devices, the input of the encoder and/or the
output of the decoder can be configured at 8 kHz; however, a 16 kHz
RTP clock rate MUST always be used. The RTP timestamp is increased
by 320 for each 20 milliseconds.
The RTP header marker bit (M) SHALL be set to 1 if the first frame
carried in the packet contains a speech frame which is the first in a
talkspurt. For all other packets the marker bit SHALL be set to zero
(M=0).
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6. Payload format
Three RTP packet formats are supported for the EVRC-NW2K codec - the
interleaved/bundled packet format, the header-free packet format, and
the compact bundled packet format. For all these formats, the
operational details and capabilities, such as ToC, interleaving, DTX,
and bundling, of EVRC-NW2K are exactly the same as those defined in
EVRC [7], EVRC-B [2], EVRC-WB [3], and EVRC-NW [4], except that
1. the mode change request field in the interleaved/bundled packet
format MUST be interpreted according to the definition of the
RATE_REDUC parameter as defined in EVRC-NW2K [5].
2. the mode change request field in the interleaved/bundled packet
format SHOULD be honored by an EVRCNW2K encoding end point in an
one-to-one session with a dedicated EVRCNW2K decoding end point
such as in a two-party call or in a conference leg.
3. the reserved bit field in the first octet of the interleaved/
bundled format has only one bit. Bit 1 of the first octet is an
EVRC-NW2K wideband/narrowband encoding capability identification
flag.
The media type audio/EVRCNW2K maps to the interleaved/bundled packet
format, audio/EVRCNW2K0 maps to the header-free packet format, and
audio/EVRCNW2K1 maps to the compact bundled packet format.
6.1. Encoding capability identification in EVRC-NW2K interleaved/
bundled format
The EVRC-NW2K interleaved/bundled format defines an encoding
capability identification flag, which is used to signal the local
EVRC-NW2K wideband/narrowband encoding capability at the time of
construction of an RTP packet to the far end of a communication
session. This capability identification flag allows the far end to
use the MMM field in its out-going (returning) EVRC-NW2K interleaved/
bundled format packets to request the desired EVRC-NW2K wideband or
narrowband encoding mode in accordance with the dynamic/instantaneous
encoding capability information. See RFC 3558 [7] for the definition
of MMM field. The following examples illustrate a few scenarios
where the encoding capability information is used:
o An end-to-end wideband communication is established first between
two communication end points using EVRC-NW2K interleaved/bundled
format. The called end point becomes wideband encoding incapable
during the call and makes the other end aware of this change using
the encoding capability identification flag. Based on the new
information the calling end point could change the MMM value in
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its outgoing EVRC-NW2K packets from Mode-0 to Mode-4 to request
narrowband encoded traffic for bandwidth efficiency or from Mode-0
to Mode-1 for best perceptual quality.
o An end-to-end narrowband communication is established between an
EVRC-NW2K wideband encoding capable calling end point and an EVRC-
NW2K wideband encoding incapable called end point. The called end
point becomes EVRC-NW2K wideband encoding capable during the call
and makes the other end aware of this change using the encoding
capability identification flag. Based on the new information the
calling end point could change the MMM value in its outgoing EVRC-
NW2K packets from non-Mode-0 to Mode-0 to request wideband
traffic.
EVRC-NW2K interleaved/bundled format defines the encoding capability
identification flag in bit 1 of the first octet, as illustrated in
the figure below. The flag shall be set to zero (C=0) when the local
EVRC-NW2K encoder is capable of Mode-0 wideband encoding. The flag
shall be set to one (C=1) when the local EVRC-NW2K encoder is capable
of non-Mode-0 narrowband encoding only. See RFC 3558 [6] for
original definitions of other fields in the interleaved/bundled
format.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| RTP Header |
+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+
|R|C| LLL | NNN | MMM | Count | TOC | ... | TOC |padding|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| one or more codec data frames, one per TOC entry |
| .... |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Reserved (R): 1 bit
Reserved bit. MUST be set to zero by sender, SHOULD be ignored by
receiver.
Encoding capability identification (C): 1 bit
Must be set to zero by sender to indicate wideband encoding
capable or set to one to indicate narrowband encoding capable
only.
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C = 0 : Mode-0 wideband encoding capable
= 1 : Mode-0 wideband encoding incapable, i.e. narrowband
encoding only.
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7. Congestion Control Considerations
Congestion control for RTP is discussed in RFC 3550 [6], and in
applicable RTP profiles, e.g., RFC3551 [8]. This document does not
change those considerations.
Due to the header overhead, the number of frames encapsulated in each
RTP packet influences the overall bandwidth of the RTP stream.
Packing more frames in each RTP packet can reduce the number of
packets sent and hence the header overhead, at the expense of
increased delay and reduced error robustness.
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8. Storage format for the EVRC-NW2K Codec
The storage format is used for storing EVRC-NW2K encoded speech
frames, e.g., as a file or e-mail attachment.
The file begins with a magic number to identify the vocoder that is
used. The magic number for EVRC-NW2K corresponds to the ASCII
character string "#!EVRCNW2K\n", i.e., "0x23 0x21 0x45 0x56 0x52 0x43
0x4E 0x57 0x32 0x4B 0x0A".
The codec data frames are stored in consecutive order, with a single
ToC entry field, extended to one octet, prefixing each codec data
frame. The ToC field is extended to one octet by setting the four
most significant bits of the octet to zero. For example, a ToC value
of 4 (a full-rate frame) is stored as 0x04. The Value column in the
table in Section 4 provides the TOC values for corresponding frame
types.
Speech frames lost in transmission and non-received frames MUST be
stored as erasure frames (ToC value of 5) to maintain synchronization
with the original media.
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9. IANA considerations
This document introduces a new EVRC-NW2K 'audio' media subtype.
9.1. Media Type Registrations
Following the guidelines in RFC 4855 [9] and RFC 4288 [10], this
section registers new 'audio' media subtypes for EVRC-NW2K.
9.1.1. Registration of Media Type audio/EVRCNW2K
Type name: audio
Subtype names: EVRCNW2K
Required parameters: None
Optional parameters:
These parameters apply to RTP transfer only.
mode-set-recv: A subset of EVRC-NW2K modes. Possible values are a
comma separated list of modes from the set {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7} (see
Table 2.7.1.2-1 in 3GPP2 C.S0014-E). A decoder can use this
attribute to inform an encoder of its preference to operate in a
specified subset of modes. Absence of this parameter signals the
mode set {1,2,3,4,5,6,7}.
ptime: see RFC 4566 [11].
maxptime: see RFC 4566.
maxinterleave: Maximum number for interleaving length (field LLL in
the Interleaving Octet)[0..7]. The interleaving lengths used in the
entire session MUST NOT exceed this maximum value. If not signaled,
the maxinterleave length MUST be 5.
silencesupp: see Section 6.1 in RFC 4788.
dtxmax: see Section 6.1 in RFC 4788.
dtxmin: see Section 6.1 in RFC 4788.
hangover: see Section 6.1 in RFC 4788.
Encoding considerations:
This media type is framed binary data (see RFC 4288, Section 4.8) and
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is defined for transfer of EVRC-NW2K encoded data via RTP using the
interleaved/bundled packet format specified in RFC 3558 [7].
Security considerations: See Section 16.
Interoperability considerations: None
Published specification:
The EVRC-NW2K vocoder is specified in 3GPP2 C.S0014-E. The transfer
method with the interleaved/bundled packet format via RTP is
specified in RFC 3558 [7]. See Section 6 of RFC XXXX for details for
EVRC-NW2K. [Note to the RFC editor: please replace XXXX with the RFC
number of this document.]
Applications that use this media type:
It is expected that many VoIP applications (as well as mobile
applications) will use this type.
Additional information:
The following applies to stored-file transfer methods:
Magic number: #!EVRCNW2K\n (see Section 8)
File extensions: enw2k, ENW2K
Macintosh file type code: None
Object identifier or OID: None
EVRC-NW2K speech frames may also be stored in the file format "3g2"
defined in 3GPP2 C.S0050-B, which is identified using the media types
"audio/3gpp2" or "video/3gpp2" registered by RFC 4393 [12].
Person & email address to contact for further information:
Alok Gupta <alokg@qti.qualcomm.com>
Intended usage: COMMON
Restrictions on usage:
This media type can be used with the file format defined in Section 8
of RFC XXXX in contexts other than RTP. In context of transfers over
RTP, the RTP payload format specified in Section 4.1 of RFC 3558 [7]
is used for this media type. [Note to the RFC editor: please replace
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XXXX with the RFC number of this document.]
Author:
Alok Gupta <alokg@qti.qualcomm.com>
Change controller:
IETF Payload working group delegated from the IESG.
9.1.2. Registration of Media Type audio/EVRCNW2K0
Type name: audio
Subtype names: EVRCNW2K0
Required parameters: None
Optional parameters:
These parameters apply to RTP transfer only.
mode-set-recv: A subset of EVRC-NW2K modes. Possible values are a
comma separated list of modes from the set {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7} (see
Table 2.7.1.2-1 in 3GPP2 C.S0014-E). A decoder can use this
attribute to inform an encoder of its preference to operate in a
specified subset of modes. Absence of this parameter signals the
mode set {1,2,3,4,5,6,7}.
ptime: see RFC 4566.
silencesupp: see Section 6.1 in RFC 4788.
dtxmax: see Section 6.1 in RFC 4788.
dtxmin: see Section 6.1 in RFC 4788.
hangover: see Section 6.1 in RFC 4788.
Encoding considerations:
This media type is framed binary data (see RFC 4288, Section 4.8) and
is defined for transfer of EVRC-NW2K encoded data via RTP using the
header-free packet format specified in RFC 3558 [7].
Security considerations: See Section 16.
Interoperability considerataions: None
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Published specification:
The EVRC-NW2K vocoder is specified in 3GPP2 C.S0014-E. The transfer
method with the header-free packet format via RTP is specified in RFC
3558 [7].
Applications that use this media type:
It is expected that many VoIP applications (as well as mobile
applications) will use this type.
Additional information: None
Person & email address to contact for further information:
Alok Gupta <alokg@qti.qualcomm.com>
Intended usage: COMMON
Restrictions on usage:
This media type depends on RTP framing, and hence is only defined for
transfer via RTP [6], the RTP payload format specified in Section 4.2
of RFC 3558 [7] SHALL be used. This media type SHALL NOT be used for
storage or file transfer, instead audio/EVRCNW SHALL be used.
Author:
Alok Gupta <alokg@qti.qualcomm.com>
Change controller:
IETF Payload working group delegated from the IESG.
9.1.3. Registration of Media Type audio/EVRCNW2K1
Type name: audio
Subtype names: EVRCNW2K1
Required parameters: None
Optional parameters:
These parameters apply to RTP transfer only.
mode-set-recv: A subset of EVRC-NW2K modes. Possible values are a
comma separated list of modes from the set {0,1} (see Table 2.7.1.2-1
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in 3GPP2 C.S0014-E). A decoder can use this attribute to inform an
encoder of its preference to operate in a specified subset of modes.
A value of 0 signals the support for wideband fixed rate (full or
half rate, depending on the value of 'fixedrate' parameter). A value
of 1 signals narrowband fixed rate (full or half rate, depending on
the value of 'fixedrate' parameter). Absence of this parameter
signals the mode 1.
ptime: see RFC 4566.
maxptime: see RFC 4566.
fixedrate: Indicates the EVRC-NW2K rate of the session while in
single rate operation. Valid values include: 0.25, 0.5, and 1, where
a value of 0.25 indicates the 1/4 rate, 0.5 indicates the 1/2 rate
while a value of 1 indicates the full rate. If this parameter is not
present, 1/4 rate is assumed.
silencesupp: see Section 6.1 in RFC 4788.
dtxmax: see Section 6.1 in RFC 4788.
dtxmin: see Section 6.1 in RFC 4788.
hangover: see Section 6.1 in RFC 4788.
Encoding considerations:
This media type is framed binary data (see RFC 4288, Section 4.8) and
is defined for transfer of EVRC-NW2K encoded data via RTP using the
compact bundled packet format specified in RFC 4788.
Security considerations: See Section 16
Interoperability considerataions: None
Published specification:
The EVRC-NW2K vocoder is specified in 3GPP2 C.S0014-E. The transfer
method with the compact bundled packet format via RTP is specified in
RFC 4788.
Applications that use this media type:
It is expected that many VoIP applications (as well as mobile
applications) will use this type.
Additional information: None
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Person & email address to contact for further information:
Alok Gupta <alokg@qti.qualcomm.com>
Intended usage: COMMON
Restrictions on usage:
This media type depends on RTP framing, and hence is only defined for
transfer via RTP [6], the RTP payload format specified in Section 4
of RFC 4788 SHALL be used. This media type SHALL NOT be used for
storage or file transfer, instead audio/EVRCNW2K SHALL be used.
Author:
Alok Gupta <alokg@qti.qualcomm.com>
Change controller:
IETF Payload working group delegated from the IESG.
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10. SDP mode attributes for EVRC-NW2K
'mode-set-recv' can be used by a decoder to inform an encoder of its
preference to operate in a specified subset of modes. Note that
indicating a preference implicitly indicates support for that
capability. If mode 0 is not preferred for media type EVRCNW2K0 or
EVRCNW2K1, then there is no indication that mode 0 is supported.
However absence of this parameter or absence of mode 0 in this
parameter for media type EVRCNW2K shall not preclude mode 0 support
during a call where mode 0 may be requested via the MMM field.
To inform the capability for wideband mode support, a decoder can
always decode all the narrowband modes (modes 1 to 7). Unless the
decoder indicates the support of mode 0 (i.e., preference) in this
parameter or in the MMM mode request field in interleaved/bundled
payload format, an encoder at the other side shall not operate in
mode 0.
To indicate a preference to operate in a subset of modes, a set has
been defined so that several modes can be expressed as a preference
in one attempt. For instance, the set {4,5,6,7} signals that the
receiver prefers the sender to operate in bandwidth-efficient
narrowband modes of EVRC-NW2K.
Note, during an active call session using the interleaved/bundled
packet format, the MMM mode request received from a communication
partner can contain a mode request different than the values in the
last mode-set-recv attribute. The partner's EVRC-NW2K wideband
decoding capability is determined by the latest mode-set-recv
attribute or MMM mode request field. For example, a mode request
with MMM=0 from a communication partner is an implicit indication of
the partner's EVRCNW2K wideband decoding capability and preference.
An EVRCNW2K wideband capable node receiving the request can operate
in wideband mode. A mode request with MMM=1, 2, ..., or 7 from a
communication partner is an implicit indication of the partner's
EVRCNW2K narrowband decoding preference. The encoder of an EVRCNW2K
node receiving the request shall honor the request and operate in
narrowband mode.
'sendmode' is used as a SDP mode attribute in EVRC [7], EVRC-B [2]
and EVRC-WB [3]. However it is deprecated in EVRC-NW and EVRC-NW2k.
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11. Mode Change Request/Response Considerations
The interleaved/bundled packet format for the EVRC family of vocoders
supports a 3-bit field (MMM) that a communication node can use to
indicate its preferred compression mode to an opposite node. The
concept of the compression mode (also known as Capacity Operating
Point) was introduced to allow a controlled trade-off between voice
quality and channel capacity. The notion makes it possible to
exercise vocoders at the highest possible (average) bit-rate (hence,
highest voice quality) when the network is lightly loaded.
Conversely, once the network load increases the vocoders can be
requested to operate at lower average bit-rates so as to absorb the
additional network load without causing an undue increase in the
frame-erasure rates; the underlying premise is that while a higher
bit-rate improves the vocoder performance, it also increases the
network loading, risking a sharp decline in voice quality should the
frame-erasure rate be too high. By contrast, a lower bit-rate mode
of operation can result in accommodation of the additional network
load without causing unduly high frame-erasure rates, resulting in
better overall quality despite the inherently lower voice quality of
the lower bit-rate mode of the vocoder.
Accordingly, the MMM field should be used to request the far-end to
transmit compressed-speech using a mode that provides the best
balance between voice quality and capacity. However, in the case of
mobile-mobile calls, for example, there are two wireless sides
involved, each with a potentially different network load level and
hence a different preferred mode. In such cases, achieving optimal
end-to-end performance depends on coherent management of the
operative mode by the two sides. This requires that even if the
local node prefers a higher bit-rate vocoder mode, it should adjust
to a lower bit-rate mode if requested by the far end, in order to
avoid potentially high frame erasure rates due to heavy load at the
far end network. For similar reasons, in cases where a mode
requested by the far end should not be supported, it might still be
beneficial to consider switching to a supported vocoder mode
corresponding to a lower average bit-rate than requested. It is
recommended that the next lower average bit-rate supported vocoder
mode be used for encoding when a mode requested by the far end is not
supported.
A wideband-capable endpoint can use the information conveyed by the
C-bit of the RTP payload header to determine the optimal mode to
request of the far end. If the far end cannot provide Mode0 packets
(C-bit=1), then the choice of MMM can be based strictly on the local
network load. If the C-bit indicates remote end's Mode0 encoding
capability (C-bit=0), then even if the local network load is not
light, Mode0 can be requested knowing definitively that it will be
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supported. This will permit operators to treat wideband-capable
mobiles preferentially, should they wish to adopt such policy.
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12. Mapping EVRC-NW2K media type parameters into SDP
Information carried in the media type specification has a specific
mapping to fields in the Session Description Protocol (SDP) [11],
which is commonly used to describe RTP sessions. When SDP is used to
specify sessions employing EVRC-NW2K encoded speech, the mapping is
as follows.
o The media type ("audio") goes in SDP "m=" as the media name.
o The media subtype ("EVRCNW2K", "EVRCNW2K0" or "EVRCNW2K1") goes in
SDP "a=rtpmap" as the encoding name.
o The optional parameters 'ptime and 'maxptime' (for subtypes
EVRCNW2K, EVRCNW2K1) go in the SDP "a=ptime" and "a=maxptime"
attributes, respectively.
o Any remaining parameters (for subtypes EVRCNW2K, EVRCNW2K0 and
EVRCNW2K1) go in the SDP "a=fmtp" attribute by copying them from
the media type string as a semicolon separated list of
parameter=value pairs.
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13. Offer-Answer Model Considerations for EVRC-NW2K
The following considerations apply when using the SDP offer-answer
procedures of RFC 3264 [13] to negotiate the use of EVRC-NW2K payload
in RTP:
o Since EVRC-NW2K is an extension of EVRC-B, EVRC-WB and EVRC-NW,
the offerer SHOULD also announce EVRC-B, EVRC-WB and EVRC-NW
support in its "m=audio" lines, with EVRC-NW2K as the preferred
codec. This will allow interoperability with an answerer which
supports only EVRC-B, EVRC-WB and/or EVRC-NW.
Below is an example of such an offer:
m=audio 55954 RTP/AVP 97 98 99 100
a=rtpmap:97 EVRCNW2K0/16000
a=rtpmap:98 EVRCNW0/16000
a=rtpmap:99 EVRCWB0/16000
a=rtpmap:100 EVRCB0/8000
a=fmtp:97 mode-set-recv=0,1,2,3,4,5,6
a=fmtp:98 mode-set-recv=0,1,2,3,4,5,6
a=fmtp:99 mode-set-recv=0,4
a=fmtp:100 recvmode=0
If the answerer supports EVRC-NW2K then the answerer can keep the
payload type 97 in its answer and the conversation can be done using
EVRC-NW2K. Else, if the answerer supports only EVRC-NW, EVRC-WB
and/or EVRC-B then the answerer will leave only the payload type 98,
99 and/or 100 respectively in its answer and the conversation will be
done using EVRC-NW, EVRC-WB and/or EVRC-B respectively.
An example answer for the above offer:
m=audio 55954 RTP/AVP 97
a=rtpmap:97 EVRCNW2K0/16000
a=fmtp:97 mode-set-recv=4
o 'mode-set-recv' is a uni-directional receive only parameter.
o An offerer can use 'mode-set-recv' to request that the remote
sender's encoder be limited to the list of modes signaled in
'mode-set-recv'. A remote sender MAY ignore 'mode-set-recv'
requests. However, a remote sender shall not assume the other
side can support mode 0, unless the offer includes mode 0
explicitly in 'mode-set-recv' or the remote sender receives mode
requests with MMM = 0 from the communication partner during an
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active call using EVRC-NW2K interleaved/bundled format.
o The parameters 'maxptime' and 'ptime' will in most cases not
affect interoperability, however the setting of the parameters can
affect the performance of the application. The SDP offer-answer
handling of the 'ptime' parameter is described in RFC 3264 [13].
The 'maxptime' parameter MUST be handled in the same way.
o For a sendonly stream, the 'mode-set-recv' parameter is not useful
and SHOULD NOT be used.
o When using EVRCNW2K1, the entire session MUST use the same fixed
rate and mode (0-Wideband or 1-Narrowband).
o For additional rules which MUST be followed while negotiating DTX
parameters, see Section 6.8 in RFC 4788 [2].
o Any unknown parameter in an SDP offer MUST be ignored by the
receiver and MUST NOT be included in the SDP answer.
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14. Declarative SDP Considerations
For declarative use of SDP in SAP [16] and RTSP [17], the following
considerations apply:
o Any 'maxptime' and 'ptime' values should be selected with care to
ensure that the session's participants can achieve reasonable
performance.
o The payload format configuration parameters are all declarative
and a participant MUST use the configuration(s) that is provided
for the session. More than one configuration MAY be provided if
necessary by declaring multiple RTP payload types, however the
number of types SHOULD be kept small. For declarative examples,
see Section 15.
o The usage of unidirectional receive-only parameters, such as
'mode-set-recv', should be excluded in any declarations, since
these parameters are meaningless in one-way streaming
applications.
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15. Examples
Some example SDP session descriptions utilizing EVRC-NW2K encodings
follow. In these examples, long a=fmtp lines are folded to meet the
column width constraints of this document. The backslash ("\") at
the end of a line and the carriage return that follows it should be
ignored. Note that media subtype names are case-insensitive.
Parameter names are case-insensitive both in media types and in the
mapping to the SDP a=fmtp attribute.
Example usage of EVRCNW2K if wideband mode is supported:
m=audio 49120 RTP/AVP 96 97 98 99
a=rtpmap:96 EVRCNW2K/16000
a=rtpmap:97 EVRCNW/16000
a=rtpmap:98 EVRCWB/16000
a=rtpmap:99 EVRCB/8000
a=fmtp:96 mode-set-recv=0,1,2,3,4,5,6
a=fmtp:97 mode-set-recv=0,1,2,3,4,5,6
a=fmtp:98 mode-set-recv=0,4
a=fmtp:99 recvmode=0
a=maxptime:120
Example usage of EVRCNW2K if wideband mode is not supported:
m=audio 49120 RTP/AVP 96 97 98 99
a=rtpmap:96 EVRCNW2K/16000
a=rtpmap:97 EVRCNW/16000
a=rtpmap:98 EVRCWB/16000
a=rtpmap:99 EVRCB/8000
a=fmtp:96 mode-set-recv=1,2,3,4,5,6
a=fmtp:97 mode-set-recv=1,2,3,4,5,6
a=fmtp:98 mode-set-recv=4
a=fmtp:99 recvmode=0
a=maxptime:120
Example usage of EVRCNW2K0:
m=audio 49120 RTP/AVP 96 97 98 99
a=rtpmap:96 EVRCNW2K0/16000
a=rtpmap:97 EVRCNW0/16000
a=rtpmap:98 EVRCWB0/16000
a=rtpmap:99 EVRCB0/8000
a=fmtp:96 mode-set-recv=0,1,2,3,4,5,6
a=fmtp:97 mode-set-recv=0,1,2,3,4,5,6
a=fmtp:98 mode-set-recv=0,4
a=fmtp:99 recvmode=0
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Example SDP answer from a media gateway requesting a terminal to
limit its encoder operation to EVRC-NW2K mode 3.
m=audio 49120 RTP/AVP 96
a=rtpmap:96 EVRCNW2K0/16000
a=fmtp:96 mode-set-recv=3
Example usage of EVRCNW2K1:
m=audio 49120 RTP/AVP 96 97 98 99
a=rtpmap:96 EVRCNW2K1/16000
a=rtpmap:97 EVRCNW1/16000
a=rtpmap:98 EVRCWB1/16000
a=rtpmap:99 EVRCB1/8000
a=fmtp:96 fixedrate=0.5
a=fmtp:97 fixedrate=0.5
a=fmtp:98 fixedrate=0.5
a=fmtp:99 fixedrate=0.5
a=maxptime:100
Example usage of EVRCNW2K with DTX with silencesupp=1:
m=audio 49120 RTP/AVP 96 97 98 99
a=rtpmap:96 EVRCNW2K/16000
a=rtpmap:97 EVRCNW/16000
a=rtpmap:98 EVRCWB/16000
a=rtpmap:99 EVRCB/8000
a=fmtp:96 silencesupp=1;dtxmax=32;dtxmin=12;hangover=1; \
mode-set-recv=0,1,2,3,4,5,6
a=fmtp:97 silencesupp=1;dtxmax=32;dtxmin=12;hangover=1; \
mode-set-recv=0,1,2,3,4,5,6
a=fmtp:98 silencesupp=1;dtxmax=32;dtxmin=12;hangover=1; \
mode-set-recv=0,4
a=fmtp:99 recvmode=0
a=maxptime:120
Examples usage of EVRCNW2K with DTX with silencesupp=0:
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m=audio 49120 RTP/AVP 96 97 98 99
a=rtpmap:96 EVRCNW2K/16000
a=rtpmap:97 EVRCNW/16000
a=rtpmap:98 EVRCWB/16000
a=rtpmap:99 EVRCB/8000
a=fmtp:96 silencesupp=0;dtxmax=32;dtxmin=12;hangover=1; \
mode-set-recv=0,1,2,3,4,5,6
a=fmtp:97 silencesupp=0;dtxmax=32;dtxmin=12;hangover=1; \
mode-set-recv=0,1,2,3,4,5,6
a=fmtp:98 silencesupp=0;dtxmax=32;dtxmin=12;hangover=1; \
mode-set-recv=0,4
a=fmtp:99 recvmode=0
a=maxptime:120
Example offer answer exchange between EVRC-NW2K and legacy EVRC-B
(RFC 4788):
Offer:
m=audio 55954 RTP/AVP 96 97 98 99
a=rtpmap:96 EVRCNW2K0/16000
a=rtpmap:97 EVRCNW0/16000
a=rtpmap:98 EVRCWB0/16000
a=rtpmap:99 EVRCB0/8000
a=rtpmap:96 mode-set-recv=0,1,2,3,4,5,6
a=rtpmap:97 mode-set-recv=0,1,2,3,4,5,6
a=fmtp:98 mode-set-recv=0,4
a=fmtp:99 recvmode=0
Answer:
m=audio 55954 RTP/AVP 99
a=rtpmap:99 EVRCB0/8000
Example offer answer exchange between EVRC-NW2K and legacy EVRC-WB
(RFC 5188):
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Offer:
m=audio 55954 RTP/AVP 96 97 98 99
a=rtpmap:96 EVRCNW2K0/16000
a=rtpmap:97 EVRCNW0/16000
a=rtpmap:98 EVRCWB0/16000
a=rtpmap:99 EVRCB0/8000
a=rtpmap:96 mode-set-recv=0,1,2,3,4,5,6
a=rtpmap:97 mode-set-recv=0,1,2,3,4,5,6
a=fmtp:98 mode-set-recv=0,4
a=fmtp:99 recvmode=0
Answer:
m=audio 55954 RTP/AVP 98 99
a=rtpmap:98 EVRCWB0/16000
<t> Example offer answer exchange between EVRC-NW2K and
legacy EVRC-NW (RFC ????): </t>
<figure><artwork> <![CDATA[
Offer:
m=audio 55954 RTP/AVP 96 97 98 99
a=rtpmap:96 EVRCNW2K0/16000
a=rtpmap:97 EVRCNW0/16000
a=rtpmap:98 EVRCWB0/16000
a=rtpmap:99 EVRCB0/8000
a=rtpmap:96 mode-set-recv=0,1,2,3,4,5,6
a=rtpmap:97 mode-set-recv=0,1,2,3,4,5,6
a=fmtp:98 mode-set-recv=0,4
a=fmtp:99 recvmode=0
Answer:
m=audio 55954 RTP/AVP 97 98 99
a=rtpmap:97 EVRCNW0/16000
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16. Security Considerations
Since compression is applied to the payload formats end-to-end, and
the encodings do not exhibit significant non-uniformity,
implementations of this specification are subject to all the security
considerations specified in RFC 3558 [7]. Implementations using the
payload defined in this specification are subject to the security
considerations discussed in RFC 3558 [7], RFC 3550 [6], and any
appropriate profile (for example RFC 3551 [8]). Additional security
considerations are described in RFC 6562 [14].
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17. References
17.1. Normative References
[1] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement
Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[2] Xie, Q. and R. Kapoor, "Enhancements to RTP Payload Formats for
EVRC Family Codecs", RFC 4788, January 2007.
[3] Desineni, H. and Q. Xie, "RTP Payload Format for the Enhanced
Variable Rate Wideband Codec (EVRC-WB) and the Media Subtype
Updates for EVRC-B Codec", RFC 5188, February 2008.
[4] Fang, Z., "RTP Payload Format for the Enhanced Variable Rate
Narrowband-Wideband Codec (EVRC-NW)", RFC 6884, March 2013.
[5] "Enhanced Variable Rate Codec, Speech Service Options 3, 68,
70, 73 and 77 for Wideband Spread Spectrum Digital Systems",
3GPP2 C.S0014-E v1.0, December 2011.
[6] Schulzrinne, H., Casner, S., Frederick, R., and V. Jacobson,
"RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Applications", STD 64,
RFC 3550, July 2003.
[7] Li, A., "RTP Payload Format for Enhanced Variable Rate Codecs
(EVRC) and Selectable Mode Vocoders (SMV)", RFC 3558,
July 2003.
[8] Schulzrinne, H. and S. Casner, "RTP Profile for Audio and Video
Conferences with Minimal Control", STD 65, RFC 3551, July 2003.
[9] Casner, S., "Media Type Registration of RTP Payload Formats",
RFC 4855, February 2007.
[10] Freed, N. and J. Klensin, "Media Type Specifications and
Registration Procedures", RFC 4288, December 2005.
[11] Handley, M., Jacobson, V., and C. Perkins, "SDP: Session
Description Protocol", RFC 4566, July 2006.
[12] Garudadri, H., "MIME Type Registrations for 3GPP2 Multimedia
Files", RFC 4393, March 2006.
[13] Rosenberg, J. and H. Schulzrinne, "An Offer/Answer Model with
Session Description Protocol (SDP)", RFC 3264, June 2002.
[14] Perkins, C. and JM. Valin, "Guidelines for the Use of Variable
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Bit Rate Audio with Secure RTP", RFC 6562, March 2012.
[15] "Enhanced Variable Rate Codec, Speech Service Options 3, 68,
70, and 73 for Wideband Spread Spectrum Digital Systems",
3GPP2 C.S0014-D v1.0, May 2009.
17.2. Informative References
[16] Handley, M., Perkins, C., and E. Whelan, "Session Announcement
Protocol", RFC 2974, October 2000.
[17] Schulzrinne, H., Rao, A., and R. Lanphier, "Real Time Streaming
Protocol (RTSP)", RFC 2326, April 1998.
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Author's Address
Alok Gupta
Qualcomm Technologies Incorporated
5775 Morehouse Drive
San Diego, CA 92126
USA
Phone: +1 858 651 4533
Email: alokg@qti.qualcomm.com
URI: http://www.qualcomm.com
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