Internet DRAFT - draft-adam-gsmp-sr
draft-adam-gsmp-sr
GSMP Working Group Constantin M. Adam
Internet Draft Aurel A. Lazar
Document: <draft-adam-gsmp-sr-00.txt> Mahesan Nandikesan
Xbind, Inc.
October 21, 1999
A Quality of Service Extension to the Minimal Resource Set
<draft-adam-gsmp-sr-00.txt>
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Copyright Notice
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1999). All Rights Reserved.
Abstract
The present document introduces an extension to the minimal resource
set [1] for guaranteeing quality of service based on the concept of a
schedulable region. The schedulable region is an abstraction that
captures the capacity of a multiplexer. The draft also provides GSMP
messages to support the extension.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction .................................................. 2
2. Admission control model ....................................... 2
3. Realizing the admission control model ......................... 3
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4. Message set ................................................... 4
4.1 Traffic classes and QOS messages .......................... 5
4.2 Schedulable region estimation policy messages ............. 9
4.3 Schedulable region estimate messages ...................... 11
A. Schedulable region representation ............................. 12
B. Measure of change of schedulable region ....................... 13
1. Introduction
In reference [1], a minimal resource model of an ATM switch was
presented along with a message set for exposing and controlling those
resources. The basic feature captured by that model was cell switching
from the input to the output ports. The present document introduces an
extension for guaranteeing quality of service while switching cells,
and provides GSMP messages to support the extension.
2. Admission control model
The present section lays down the foundations for a quality of service
extension to the minimal resource model. The extension is based on a
capacity concept known as the schedulable region, which characterizes
the capacity of a multiplexer, the same way the capacity characterizes
the capacity of a link. The concept is based on the auxiliary concept
of traffic classes, which is used here with a different meaning than
that used by the ATM Forum.
In the context of the present quality of service model, a traffic
class is a statistical model for the bit-rate of an information
stream. For practical purposes it is characterized by two types of
parameters:
(i) A qualitative parameter describing its type, e.g., video,
voice, audio.
(ii) A quantitative parameter giving a bound on the peak cell rate -
PCR (as defined in [5]). This description may optionally be
complemented with bounds on additional quantitative parameters
such as the maximum burst size - MBS.
A list of presently used qualitative traffic characterizations is
given below:
o CBR Arbitrary statistics
o Video Real-time video statistics
o Voice Real-time voice statistics
o Audio Real-time audio statistics
With each traffic class, a set of quality of service constraints is
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attached. The quality of service constraints take the form of bounds
on quantitative parameters such as the maximum cell transfer delay
(defined in [5]).
A set of traffic classes is associated with each output port
multiplexer of an ATM switch. Given such a set of traffic
classes and a multiplexer, the operating point is defined as the
vector consisting of the number of calls of each class that the
multiplexer currently accommodates. An operating point is said to be
admissible if the multiplexer can provide the requisite quality of
service guarantees to all the calls. The set of all admissible
operating points is said to be the schedulable region of the
multiplexer. Figure 1 gives an illustration of a schedulable region
with two traffic classes.
Number of class II calls
^
|
|
|
|\
|.\
|..-
|...\
|....--
|.......\
|........\
|.........----
|.............\
-------------------------->
Number of class I calls
Figure 1: A schedulable region of a multiplexer supporting
two traffic classes.
3. Realizing the Admission Control Model
The main task in realizing the admission control model is to determine
the boundaries of the schedulable region. Once this has been
determined, the admission control procedure reduces to checking
whether the operating point of the multiplexer lies within the
schedulable region. This can be performed easily by an external
switch controller. Thus, the present section focuses on the definition
and the representation of the schedulable region. A trivial
approximation of the schedulable region is given by (See Appendix A)
A = (C/p_1, C/p_2, ..., C/p_n) (i.e., k = 1),
B = Null matrix (i.e., m = 0),
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where C is the capacity of the output line and p_1,p_2,...,p_n are the
peak cell rate bounds of the n traffic classes. The
above will be referred to as the "peak-rate-based estimator". This
schedulable region approximation can be evaluated directly on the
switch hardware or by an external switch controller. But some other
estimation methods, including those based on real-time measurements,
cannot be realized on the external switch controller. Thus, these must
be implemented on the switch itself, just as with scheduling and
buffer management policies. As a result, the minimal resource model
shown in Figure 2 must be extended to include schedulable region
estimators as shown in Figure 3. Although only one estimator is shown
in the figure, there is one estimator per multiplexer.
+---------------+
|Switching Table|
+---------------+
Input Output
Ports +=====================+ +-----------+ Ports
-------->| |--|Multiplexer|--------->
| Switch Fabric | +-----------+
... | | +-----------+
-------->| |--|Multiplexer|--------->
+=====================+ +-----------+
Figure 2: Minimal resource model
+---------------+
|Switching Table| +---------+
+---------------+ |Estimator|
Input +---------+ Output
Ports +=====================+ +-----------+ Ports
-------->| |--|Multiplexer|--------->
| | +-----------+
| |
| | ...
| Switch Fabric |
... | | +---------+
| | |Estimator|
| | +---------+
| | +-----------+
-------->| |--|Multiplexer|--------->
+=====================+ +-----------+
Figure 3: Extended resource model
4. Message Set
This section presents a set of messages to realize the QOS extension
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presented above. These messages are intended to be used in conjunction
with the messages provided with the minimal resource model in [1].
The message set has been subdivided into three logical groups.
However, the order in which they are supposed to be executed is not
reflected by the order in which they are listed. The typical order of
execution of these messages is as follows:
At initialization (after adjacency, but before any connections are
setup):
1. Get estimation policy support message
2. Get traffic and QOS parameter support message
3. Set traffic classes and QOS message
4. Set schedulable region estimator message
After initialization:
1. Get schedulable region estimate message
The message to set the schedulable region may be used at any time
to re-initialize the schedulable region estimate.
The messages that allow to set the traffic classes, the QOS parameters
and schedulable region estimation policies on the switch must be
issued after the adjacency protocol has been established, and before
any connections are set up on the switch.
4.1 Traffic classes and Quality of Service
4.1.1 Get Traffic and QOS Parameter Support Message
Message Format
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Version | Message Type | Result | Code |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Partition ID | Transaction Identifier |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| SR-E | Reserved | Qualitative Traffic Mask |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Quantitative Traffic Mask | QOS Mask |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Purpose Query the set of traffic and QOS parameter types
supported by a given schedulable region estimation
policy.
Message Type 220
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Request Fields SR-E.
Response Fields Qualitative Traffic Mask, Quantitative Traffic Mask,
QOS Mask.
Field Descriptions
SR-E Code for the schedulable region estimation policy.
Qualitative Traffic Mask
Mask of supported qualitative traffic
characterizations. Definitions are given in
Section 2.
Bit 0: Constant bit-rate (CBR)
Bit 1: Video
Bit 2: Voice
Bit 3: Audio
Bit 4 - 15: Reserved
Quantitative Traffic Mask
Mask of supported quantitative traffic
parameters. All parameters that are given
abbreviations are defined in [5].
Bit 0: Peak Cell Rate (PCR)
Bit 1: Sustained Cell Rate (SCR)
Bit 2: Maximum Burst Size (MBS)
Bit 3: Cell Delay Variation Tolerance (CDVT)
Bit 4 - 15: Reserved
QOS mask
Mask of supported QOS parameters. All parameters
that are given abbreviations are defined in [5].
Bit 0: Maximum Cell Transfer Delay (Max CTD)
Bit 1: Average Cell Transfer Delay (Ave CTD)
Bit 2: Cell Loss Ratio (CLR)
Bit 3: Average Gap Loss [citation]
Bit 4: Cell Delay Variation (CDV)
Bit 5 - 15: Reserved
4.1.2 Set Traffic Classes and QOS Message
Message Format
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
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| Version | Message Type | Result | Code |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Partition ID | Transaction Identifier |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Port |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Port Session Number |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|A| Reserved |Classes|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
~ Traffic Class 1 Block ~
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
~ Traffic Class 2 Block ~
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
~ ... ~
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
The traffic class block has the following structure:
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Buffer ID |Qualitat.| Quantitative Mask |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| QOS Mask | Reserved |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Traffic Parameter 1 |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Traffic Parameter 2 |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
~ ... ~
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| QOS Parameter 1 |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| QOS Parameter 2 |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
~ ... ~
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Purpose Set the number of traffic classes and the traffic
and quality of service parameters for each traffic
class.
Message Type 221
Request Fields Port, Port Session Number, classes,
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Traffic Class Blocks.
Response Fields None
Field Description
A 1 = Set all the other ports with the same set of
traffic and quality of service parameters (in
addition to the port given in the field Port).
0 = Set the traffic and quality of service
parameters only for the specified Port.
Classes Number of traffic classes.
Buffer ID
The buffer of the multiplexer to which the
the traffic class is mapped. Only one traffic class
may be mapped to a buffer.
Qualitat.
Code for the qualitative traffic description (See
Section 3.1)
Quantitative Mask
Mask of quantitative traffic class characteristics.
Every Quantitative Traffic Characteristic selected
in the mask is specified using 2 bytes. The
following list specifies the unit for
each parameter that is listed in Section 4.1.1:
Parameter unit
----------------------
PCR cells/s
SCR cells/s
MBS cell
CDVT microsecond
The peak cell rate is a mandatory
quantitative parameter, i.e., bit 0 of the field
'Quantitative' must always be set to 1.
QOS Mask mask of QOS parameters. Every QOS parameter
selected in the mask is specified using 2
bytes. The following list specifies the unit and
the range of each parameter:
Parameter unit
----------------------
Max CTD microsecond
Ave CTD microsecond
CLR ---
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Ave Gap 10^-6 cells
CDV microsecond
The parameter CLR is represented as an order of
magnitude. Thus, a value of n represents a CLR of
10^-n.
Notes: This message must be issued by the GSMP controller to the
switch after adjacency has been established but before any connections
are set up on the switch.
4.1.3 Get Traffic Classes and QOS Message
Message Format Same as in Section 4.1.3.
Purpose Get the number of traffic classes and the traffic
and quality of service parameters for each traffic
class.
Message Type 222
Request Fields Port, Port Session Number.
Response Fields A, Classes, Traffic Class Blocks
4.2 Schedulable Region Estimation Policies
4.2.1 Get Schedulable Region Estimation Policy Support Message
Message Format
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Version | Message Type | Result | Code |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Partition ID | Transaction Identifier |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| SR Estimator Mask |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Purpose Query schedulable region estimation support
available on a port.
Message Type 223
Request Fields None
Response Fields SR Estimator Mask
Field Descriptions
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SR Estimator Mask
Mask of supported schedulable region estimators.
Bit 0: Peak rate based estimator
Bit 1 - 14: Reserved
Bit 15: Proprietary
4.2.2 Set Schedulable Region Estimation Policy Message
Message Format
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Version | Message Type | Result | Code |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Partition ID | Transaction Identifier |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Port |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Port Session Number |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|A| Reserved | SR-E | Res | SR Update Threshold |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
~ Estimator Parameters ... ~
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Purpose Select a schedulable region estimation algorithm and
update threshold on a specific port.
Message Type 224
Request Fields A, SR-E, SR Update Threshold, Parameters.
Response Fields None.
A 1 = Set all the other ports with the same schedulable
region estimator code, update threshold, and
parameters (in addition to the port given in
the field Port).
0 = Set the parameters only for the specified Port.
SR Update Threshold
specified in units of 0.01%, resulting in a maximum
possible value of 20%. See Chapter 3 for definition.
SR-E
Code of the estimator. (See section 4.2.1.)
Estimator Parameters
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specific to each estimator. The proprietary estimation
policy and the peak rate based estimation policy do not
take any parameters.
Notes: This message is must be issued by the GSMP controller to the
switch after adjacency has been established but before any connections
are set up on the switch.
4.2.3 Get Schedulable Region Estimation Policy Message
Message Format Same as in Section 4.2.2.
Purpose Retrieve the schedulable region estimator code,
parameters, and update threshold on a specific port.
Message Type 225
Request Fields None.
Response Fields A, SR-E, SR Update Threshold, Estimator Parameters.
4.3 Schedulable Region Estimates
4.3.1 Set Schedulable Region Message
Message Format
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Version | Message Type | Result | Code |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Partition ID | Transaction Identifier |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Port |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Port Session Number |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Reserved | Dimen | Planes-A | Planes-B |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
~ Coefficients a_ij ~
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
~ Coefficients b_ij ~
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Purpose Set the schedulable region on a specific port. This
message can be used to give the schedulable region
estimator an initial estimate. The estimator is not
required to use this initial estimate.
Message Type 226
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Request Fields Dimen, Planes-A, Planes-B, Coefficients a_ij,
Coefficients b_ij.
Response Fields None.
Dimen
The dimension of the Schedulable Region (the number of
columns of the matrix A - see Appendix A).
Planes-A
The number of rows of the matrix A (See Appendix A).
Planes-B
The number of rows of the matrix B (See Appendix A).
Coefficients a_ij
The elements of the matrix A = (a_ij), listed row by
row and represented using four bytes per element.
(see Appendix A).
Coefficients b_ij
The elements of the matrix B = (b_ij), listed row by
row and represented using four bytes per element.
(see Appendix A).
4.3.2 Get Schedulable Region Message
Message Format Same as the Set Schedulable Region Message.
Purpose Query the present schedulable region estimate on a
specific port.
Message Type 227
Request Fields None.
Response Fields Dimen, Planes-A, Planes-B, Coefficients a_ij,
Coefficients b_ij.
Appendices
A. Schedulable Region Representation
A n-dimensional schedulable region is represented using two matrices
A = (a_ij) and B = (b_ij), each with n columns and an arbitrary number
of rows. The entries of A and B are non-negative. Denote the number of
columns of A and B by k and m, respectively. Each row of A represents
a region
H_i = { x in N^n| x_1/a_i1 + x_2/a_i2 + ... + x_n/a_in <= 1},
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where N is the set of non-negative integers. In other words, H_i is
the region bound by the coordinate axes (in the n-dimensional space
N^n), and the hyper-plane whose intercepts are a_i1, a_i2, ..., a_in.
Similarly, each row of the matrix B defines a region G_i in the
n-dimensional space N^n.
The schedulable region represented by the pair of matrices A, B is
then given by
S = S1 union S2,
where
S1 = union of H_1, H_2,..., H_k,
S2 = intersection of G_1, G_2,..., G_m.
B. Measure of Change of a Schedulable Region
Suppose that the schedulable region of a multiplexer changes from S to
S' (but both have the same dimension n). Let t_i be the largest
number of calls of traffic class i that schedulable region S can
accommodate if there are no calls of any other traffic class.
Similarly, let t'_i be the largest number of calls of traffic class i
that schedulable region S' can accommodate if there are no calls of
any other traffic class. Then, the percentage change from S to S' is
defined as
max { |t_1 - t'_1|/t_1, ..., |t_n - t'_n|/t_n }.
References
[1] GSMP Working Group, T. Worster Editor, "General Switch
Management Protocol V3", draft-ietf-gsmp-00.txt, June, 1999
[2] GSMP Working Group, A. Doria, F. Hellstrand, C. Adam, "Support
Structure for Optional Abstract or Resource Models",
draft-doria-gsmp-option-arm-00.txt, Feb 1999
[3] IEEE/WG 1520, C. Adam, A. A. Lazar, M. Nandikesan, "Proposal for
Standaridizing the qGSMP protocol", P1520/TS/ATM-002,
http://comet.columbia.edu/pin-atm/docs/P1520-TS-ATM-002R1.pdf,
Jan 1999.
[4] IEEE/WG 1520, C. Adam, A. A. Lazar, M. Nandikesan, "Switch
abstractions for designing open interfaces", P1520/TS/ATM-016,
http://comet.columbia.edu/pin-atm/docs/P1520-TS-ATM-016R1.pdf,
March 1999.
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A QOS Extension to the Minimal Resource Set October 1999
[5] ATM Forum, "Traffic Management Specification, Version 4.0",
April 1996.
Authors' Address
Constantin M. Adam
Xbind, Inc.
55 Broad Street, 23C
New York, NY 10004
USA
Telephone: 212-809-3303, ext. 102
email:
Aurel A. Lazar
Xbind, Inc.
55 Broad Street, 23C
New York, NY 10004 m
USA
Telephone: 212-809-3303, ext. 101
email: aurel@xbind.com
Mahesan Nandikesan
Xbind, Inc.
55 Broad Street, 23C
New York, NY 10004
USA
Telephone: 212-809-3303, ext. 106
email: mahesan@xbind.com
Adam, Lazar, Nandikesan Expires March 2000 14
