Network Working Group J.M. Snell
Internet-Draft April 20, 2013
Intended status: Informational
Expires: October 22, 2013

HTTP/2.0 Discussion: Stored Header Encoding
draft-snell-httpbis-bohe-04

Abstract

This memo describes a proposed alternative encoding for headers that combines the best concepts from the proposed Delta and HeaderDiff options with the typed value codecs introduced by previous versions of this draft.

Status of This Memo

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Table of Contents

1. Stored Header Encoding

The Stored Header Encoding is an alternative "binary header encoding" for HTTP/2.0 that combines the best elements from three other proposed encodings, including:

The Stored Header Encoding seeks to find an elegant, efficient and simple marriage of the best concepts from each of these separate proposals.

2. State Model

The compressor and decompressor each maintain a cache of header value pairs. There is a static cache, prepopulated by the specification, and a dynamic cache, populated through the compression and decompression process. Each cache contains a maximum of 128 individual key+value pairs.

Each item in the index is referenced by an 8-bit identifier. The most significant bit identifies whether an item from the static or dynamic cache is being referenced. Note: the Nil byte (0x00) is a valid identifier for the dynamic cache.

  0xxxxxxx  --  Dynamic Cache
  1xxxxxxx  --  Static Cache
      

The dynamic cache is managed in a "least recently written" style, that is, as the cache fills to capacity in both number of entries and maximum stored byte size, the least recently written items are dropped and those index positions are reused.

Index positions from the dynamic cache are assigned in "encounter order", beginning from 0x00 and increasing monotonically to 0x7F. That is to say, the positions are assigned in precisely the same order that they are serialized, and thereby encountered by the decompressor upon reading and processing the block.

Each item in the store consists of a Header Name and a Value. The Name is a lower-case ISO-8859-1 character sequence. The Value is either a UTF-8 string, a number, a Timestamp or an arbitrary sequence of binary octets.

The available size of the stored compression state can be capped by the decompressor. Each stored value contributes to the accumulated size of the storage state. As new key+value pairs are assigned positions in the dynamic cache, the least-recently assigned items must be removed if necessary to free up the required space.

The size of string values is measured by the number of UTF-8 bytes required for the character sequence.

The size of number and timestamp values are measured by the number of unsigned variable length integer (uvarint) encoded bytes it takes to represent the value (see the section of value types below).

The size of raw binary values is measured by the number of octets.

Header names DO NOT contribute to the stored state size of the compressor; only the size of the value is considered. Duplicate values MUST be counted individually.

3. Header Serialization

Headers are serialized into four typed header groups, each represented by a two-bit identifier.

  00 -- Index Header Group
  01 -- Index Range Header Group
  10 -- Cloned Index Header Group
  11 -- Literal Header Group
      

The Cloned Index (10) and Literal (11) header group types have an additional "ephemeral" property that indicates whether or not the group affects the compression state.

Each header group contains a single 8-bit prefix and up to 32 distinct header instances.

Wire Format

  header-block               = *(index-header-group        /
                                 index-range-header-group  /
                                 cloned-index-header-group /
                                 literal-header-group)
        
  ; Header Group Prefix = 8 bits ...
  ;  First two bits = header-group-type
  ;  Third bit = ephemeral flag
  ;  Final five bits = instance counter
  ; 
  index-header-group-type    = 00
  index-range-group-type     = 01
  cloned-index-group-type    = 10
  literal-group-type         = 11
  count                      = 5bit

  index-header-prefix        = index-header-group-type 
                               unset count ; 000xxxxx
  index-range-header-prefix  = index-header-group-type 
                               unset count ; 010xxxxx
  cloned-index-header-prefix = cloned-index-group-type 
                               bit   count ; 10?xxxxx
  literal-header-prefix      = literal-group-type      
                               bit   count ; 11?xxxxx

  ; Cache Index Identifier = 8 bits ...
  ;  0xxxxxxx = Dynamic Cache Identifier
  ;  1xxxxxxx = Static Cache Identifier
  cache-index                = %x00-FF

  ; Index Header Group
  index-header-group         = index-header-prefix 
                               1*32cache-index

  ; Index-Range Header Group
  ;  Contains a pair of cache-index values, second MUST
  ;  me strictly higher in value than the first...
  index-range-header-group   = index-range-header-prefix 
                               1*32(cache-index cache-index)

  ; Cloned-Index Header Group
  cloned-index-header-group  = cloned-index-header-prefix 
                               1*32(cache-index value)

  ; Literal Header Group
  literal-header-group       = literal-header-prefix 
                               1*32(name value)

  value                      = text-value / 
                               number-value /
                               timestamp-value /
                               binary-value
                       
  text-value-type            = 00 ; two bits
  number-value-type          = 01 
  timestamp-value-type       = 10 
  binary-value-type          = 11

  text-value-prefix          = text-value-type 
                               unset count    ; 000xxxxx
  number-value-prefix        = number-value-type 
                               unset count    ; 010xxxxx
  timestamp-value-prefix     = timestamp-value-type 
                               unset count    ; 100xxxxx 
  binary-value-prefix        = binary-value-type 
                               unset count    ; 110xxxxx

  text-value                 = text-value-prefix *32string
  number-value               = number-value-type *32uvarint
  timestamp-value            = timestamp-value-prefix *32uvarint
  binary-value               = binary-value-prefix uvarint *OCTET

  uvarint                    = *uvarint-continuation uvarint-final
  uvarint-continuation       = %x80-FF
  uvarint-final              = %x00-7F

  name                       = 1*tchar
  tchar                      = "!" / "#" / "$" / "%" / "&" / 
                               "'" / "*" / "+" / "-" / "." / 
                               "^" / "_" / "`" / "|" / "~"
                               / DIGIT / ALPHA
                       
  string                     = uvarint *(HUFFMAN-ENCODED-CHAR) 
                               HUFFMAN-EOF
                               padding-to-nearest-byte;
  padding-to-nearest-byte    = *7unset
                       
  bit                        = set / unset
  unset                      = 0
  set                        = 1
    

3.1. Header Group Prefix

The Header Group Prefix is a single octet that provides three distinct pieces of information:

  00 0 00000
      

The first two most significant bits of the header group prefix identify the group type.

The next bit is the "ephemeral flag" and is used only for Cloned and Literal group types. This bit indicates whether or not the group alters the stored compression state.

The remaining five bits specify the number of header instances in the group, with 00000 indicating that the group contains 1 instance and 11111 contains 32. A header group MUST contain at least one instance.

The remaining serialization of the header group depends entirely on the group type.

3.2. Index Header Group

The serialization of the Index Header Group consists of the Header Group Prefix and up to 32 additional octets, each referencing a single 8-bit storage index identifier for items in either the Static or Dynamic Cache.

For instance

  00000000 00000000 = References item #0 from 
                      the dynamic cache

  00000001 00000000 10000000 = References item #0 from the 
                               dynamic cache and item #0 
                               from the static cache
      

Index Header Groups do not affect the stored compression state. If an Index Header Group references a header index that has not yet been allocated, the deserialization MUST terminate with an error. This likely means that the compression state has become out of sync and needs to be reestablished.

3.3. Index Range Header Group

The serialization of the Index Range Header Group consists of the Header Group Prefix and up to 32 additional 2-octet (16 bits) pairs of 8-bit storage index identifiers. Each pair specifies a sequential range of adjacent ranges.

For instance:

  01000000 00000000 00000100 = References items #0-#4 from 
                               the dynamic cache.
                               (five distinct items total)
       

A range MAY span dynamic and static index values. Index values are treated as unsigned byte values, so indices from the static cache are numerically greater than dynamic cache values.. e.g.

  01000000 01111111 10000001 = References item #127 from the 
                               dynamic cache, and items #0 
                               and #1 from the static cache.
       

Index Range Header Groups do not affect the stored compression state. If a range references a header index that has not yet been allocated, the deserialization MUST terminate with an error. This likely means that the compression state has become out of sync and needs to be reestablished.

3.4. Cloned Index Header Group

The serialization of the Cloned Index Header Group consists of the Header Group Prefix and up to 32 Index+Value pairs. Each Index+Value pair consists of a leading 8-bit storage index of an existing stored header followed by a new serialized value. The serialization of the value depends on the value type (see discussion of Value serialization below).

The Cloned Header Group affects the stored compression state if, and only if, the "ephemeral" flag in the Header Group Prefix is NOT set. If the header group is not marked as being ephemeral, then the specified value is stored in the next available storage index using the key name from the referenced storage index.

For instance, assume the dynamic cache currently contains an item at index #1 with key name "foo" and value "bar", the following causes a new item to be added to the storage with key name "foo" and value "baz":

  10000000 00000001 00000000 00000100 
  10111000 01001111 10110101 00100000
      

An explanation of the value syntax is given a bit later.

If a Cloned Header Group references a header index that has not yet been allocated, the deserialization MUST terminate with an error. This likely means that the compression state has become out of sync and needs to be reestablished.

3.5. Literal Header Group

The serialization of the Literal Header Group consists of the Header Group Prefix and up to 32 Name+Value pairs. Each Name+Value pair consists of a length-prefixed sequence of ASCII bytes specifying the Header Name followed by the serialized value. The serialization of the value depends on the value type. The length prefix is encoded as an unsigned variable length integer (uvarint). The length prefix SHOULD NOT be longer than five octets and SHOULD NOT specify a value larger than 0xFFFF.

The Literal Heaer Group affects the stored compression state if, and only if, the "ephemeral" flag in the Header Group Prefix is NOT set. If the header group is not marked as being ephemeral, then the specified key name and value is stored in the next available storage index.

For instance:

  11000000 00000011 01100110 01101111
  01101111 00000000 00000010 10111000
  01000100 11010010
      

Stores a new header with name "foo" and value "baz" in the dynamic cache.

Each Header Group consists of up to 32 distinct Header Instances. If a particular serialization block contains more than 32 intances of a given type, then multiple instances of the Header Group Type can be included in the serialized block. For instance, if a given message contains 33 index references, the serialized block may contain two separate Index Header Groups. While this is allowed, it is expected to be rare.

4. Header Values

Header Values can be one of four types, each identified by a two-bit identifier.

An individual value MAY consist of up to 32 distinct discreet "value instances". A value with multiple instances is considered, for all intensive purposes, to be a single value.

Each serialized value is preceded by an 8-bit Value Prefix.

  00 0 00000
      

The first two most significant bits specifies the value type.

The third significant bit is a reserved flag. Future iterations of this specification might make use of this bit.

The final five least-significant bits specify the number of discreet instances in the value. 00000 indicates that one instance is included, 11111 indicates that 32 instances are included. The value MUST contain at least one instance.

The remaining serialization depends entirely on the type.

4.1. UTF-8 Text Values

UTF-8 Text is encoded as a length-prefixed sequence of Huffman-encoded UTF-8 octets. The length prefix is encoded as an unsigned variable-length integer specifying the number of octets after applying the Huffman-encoding.

4.2. Numeric Values

Numeric values are encoded as unsigned variable-length integers (uvarint) of up to a maximum of 10-octets. Unsigned values larger than 64-bits (0xFFFFFFFF) MUST NOT be used. Negative values cannot be represented using this syntax. The uvarint syntax is described below.

4.3. Timestamp Values

Timestamp values are encoded as unsigned variable-length integers specifying the number of seconds that have passed since the standard Epoch. The syntax is identical that used for Numeric Values. Dates prior to the epoch cannot be represented using this syntax.

4.4. Raw Binary Octet Values

Binary values are encoded as a length prefixed sequence of arbitrary octets. The length prefix is encoded as an unsigned variable length integer.

4.5. Unsigned Variable Length Integer Syntax

The uvarint syntax is identical to that used by Google's protobufs. They are serialized with the least-significant bytes first in batches of 7-bits, with the most significant bit per byte reserved as a continuation bit. Values less than or equal to 127 are serialized using at most one byte; values less than or equal to 16383 are serialized using at most two bytes; values less than or equal to 2097151 are serialized using at most three bytes.

  def uvarint(num):
    return [] if num = 0
    ret = []
    while(num != 0):
      m = num >>> 7    ; unsigned shift left 7 bits
      ret.push (byte)((num & ~0x80) | ( m >  0 ? 0x80 : 0x00 ));
      num = m;
    return ret;
        

For example, the binary representation of the 32-bit integer 217 is:

  00000000 00000000 00000000 11011001
        

The variable length encoding is:

  11011001 00000001
        

The binary representation of the 32-bit integer 1386210052 is:

  01010010 10011111 11100011 00000100
        

The variable length encoding is:

  10000100 11000110 11111111 10010100 00000101
        

4.6. Huffman Coding

All UTF-8 text values are compressed using a modified static huffman code. "Modified" because the encoded version may contain compact-representations of raw, arbitrary UTF-8 bytes that are not covered by the static huffman code table.

There are two huffman tables in use, one for HTTP Requests and another for HTTP Responses, each covers UTF-8 codepoints strictly less than 128 as well the fifty possible UTF-8 leading octets.

The encoded result MUST end with a specific terminal sequence of bits called the "HUFFMAN_EOF". Currently, the HUFFMAN_EOF is the same for both the Request and Response tables, but that could change if the tables are regenerated. Currently, the HUFFMAN_EOF sequence is 101001.

Codepoints >= 128 are handled by first taking the leading octet of the UTF-8 representation and serializing it's associated huffman code from the table to the output stream, then, depending on the octets value, serializing the six least significant bits from each of the remaining trailing octets.

For instance, the UTF-8 character U+00D4 (LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX), with UTF-8 representation of C394 (hex) is encoded as:

  11000100 01010010 10010000
        

The first 8-bits represents the huffman-table prefix, the first six most significant bytes of the second octet are taken directly from the six least significant bits of the second UTF-8 byte (0x94). Following those six bits are the six bits of the HUFFMAN_EOF 101001, followed by four unset padding bits.

The number of raw UTF-8 bits to write depends on the value of the leading octet. If the value is between 0xC2 and 0xDF (inclusive), six bits from the second continuation byte is encoded. If the value is between 0xE0 and 0xEF (inclusive), six bits from the second and third continuation bytes are encoded. If the value is between 0xF0 and 0xF4 (inclusive), six bits from the second, third and fourth continuation bytes are encoded. UTF-8 codepoints that require greater than four bytes to encode cannot be represented.

5. Security Considerations

TBD

6. Normative References

[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

Appendix A. Huffman Tables

Request Table

      (  0)  |11111111|11111111|11111111|0 [25]        1fffffe [25]
      (  1)  |11111111|11111111|11111111|1 [25]        1ffffff [25]
      (  2)  |11111111|11111111|11100000 [24]           ffffe0 [24]
      (  3)  |11111111|11111111|11100001 [24]           ffffe1 [24]
      (  4)  |11111111|11111111|11100010 [24]           ffffe2 [24]
      (  5)  |11111111|11111111|11100011 [24]           ffffe3 [24]
      (  6)  |11111111|11111111|11100100 [24]           ffffe4 [24]
      (  7)  |11111111|11111111|11100101 [24]           ffffe5 [24]
      (  8)  |11111111|11111111|11100110 [24]           ffffe6 [24]
      (  9)  |11111111|11111111|11100111 [24]           ffffe7 [24]
      ( 10)  |11111111|11111111|11101000 [24]           ffffe8 [24]
      ( 11)  |11111111|11111111|11101001 [24]           ffffe9 [24]
      ( 12)  |11111111|11111111|11101010 [24]           ffffea [24]
      ( 13)  |11111111|11111111|11101011 [24]           ffffeb [24]
      ( 14)  |11111111|11111111|11101100 [24]           ffffec [24]
      ( 15)  |11111111|11111111|11101101 [24]           ffffed [24]
      ( 16)  |11111111|11111111|11101110 [24]           ffffee [24]
      ( 17)  |11111111|11111111|11101111 [24]           ffffef [24]
      ( 18)  |11111111|11111111|11110000 [24]           fffff0 [24]
      ( 19)  |11111111|11111111|11110001 [24]           fffff1 [24]
      ( 20)  |11111111|11111111|11110010 [24]           fffff2 [24]
      ( 21)  |11111111|11111111|11110011 [24]           fffff3 [24]
      ( 22)  |11111111|11111111|11110100 [24]           fffff4 [24]
      ( 23)  |11111111|11111111|11110101 [24]           fffff5 [24]
      ( 24)  |11111111|11111111|11110110 [24]           fffff6 [24]
      ( 25)  |11111111|11111111|11110111 [24]           fffff7 [24]
      ( 26)  |11111111|11111111|11111000 [24]           fffff8 [24]
      ( 27)  |11111111|11111111|11111001 [24]           fffff9 [24]
      ( 28)  |11111111|11111111|11111010 [24]           fffffa [24]
      ( 29)  |11111111|11111111|11111011 [24]           fffffb [24]
      ( 30)  |11111111|11111111|11111100 [24]           fffffc [24]
      ( 31)  |11111111|11111111|11111101 [24]           fffffd [24]
  ' ' ( 32)  |11111111|0110 [12]                           ff6 [12]
  '!' ( 33)  |11111111|0111 [12]                           ff7 [12]
  '"' ( 34)  |11111111|111010 [14]                        3ffa [14]
  '#' ( 35)  |11111111|1111100 [15]                       7ffc [15]
  '$' ( 36)  |11111111|1111101 [15]                       7ffd [15]
  '%' ( 37)  |011000 [6]                                    18 [6]
  '&' ( 38)  |1010100 [7]                                   54 [7]
  ''' ( 39)  |11111111|1111110 [15]                       7ffe [15]
  '(' ( 40)  |11111111|1000 [12]                           ff8 [12]
  ')' ( 41)  |11111111|1001 [12]                           ff9 [12]
  '*' ( 42)  |11111111|1010 [12]                           ffa [12]
  '+' ( 43)  |11111111|1011 [12]                           ffb [12]
  ',' ( 44)  |11111011|10 [10]                             3ee [10]
  '-' ( 45)  |011001 [6]                                    19 [6]
  '.' ( 46)  |00010 [5]                                      2 [5]
  '/' ( 47)  |00011 [5]                                      3 [5]
  '0' ( 48)  |011010 [6]                                    1a [6]
  '1' ( 49)  |011011 [6]                                    1b [6]
  '2' ( 50)  |011100 [6]                                    1c [6]
  '3' ( 51)  |011101 [6]                                    1d [6]
  '4' ( 52)  |1010101 [7]                                   55 [7]
  '5' ( 53)  |1010110 [7]                                   56 [7]
  '6' ( 54)  |1010111 [7]                                   57 [7]
  '7' ( 55)  |1011000 [7]                                   58 [7]
  '8' ( 56)  |1011001 [7]                                   59 [7]
  '9' ( 57)  |1011010 [7]                                   5a [7]
  ':' ( 58)  |011110 [6]                                    1e [6]
  ';' ( 59)  |11111011|11 [10]                             3ef [10]
  '<' ( 60)  |11111111|11111111|10 [18]                  3fffe [18]
  '=' ( 61)  |011111 [6]                                    1f [6]
  '>' ( 62)  |11111111|11111110|0 [17]                   1fffc [17]
  '?' ( 63)  |11110110|0 [9]                               1ec [9]
  '@' ( 64)  |11111111|11100 [13]                         1ffc [13]
  'A' ( 65)  |10111010 [8]                                  ba [8]
  'B' ( 66)  |11110110|1 [9]                               1ed [9]
  'C' ( 67)  |10111011 [8]                                  bb [8]
  'D' ( 68)  |10111100 [8]                                  bc [8]
  'E' ( 69)  |11110111|0 [9]                               1ee [9]
  'F' ( 70)  |10111101 [8]                                  bd [8]
  'G' ( 71)  |11111100|00 [10]                             3f0 [10]
  'H' ( 72)  |11111100|01 [10]                             3f1 [10]
  'I' ( 73)  |11110111|1 [9]                               1ef [9]
  'J' ( 74)  |11111100|10 [10]                             3f2 [10]
  'K' ( 75)  |11111111|010 [11]                            7fa [11]
  'L' ( 76)  |11111100|11 [10]                             3f3 [10]
  'M' ( 77)  |11111000|0 [9]                               1f0 [9]
  'N' ( 78)  |11111101|00 [10]                             3f4 [10]
  'O' ( 79)  |11111101|01 [10]                             3f5 [10]
  'P' ( 80)  |11111000|1 [9]                               1f1 [9]
  'Q' ( 81)  |11111101|10 [10]                             3f6 [10]
  'R' ( 82)  |11111001|0 [9]                               1f2 [9]
  'S' ( 83)  |11111001|1 [9]                               1f3 [9]
  'T' ( 84)  |11111010|0 [9]                               1f4 [9]
  'U' ( 85)  |11111101|11 [10]                             3f7 [10]
  'V' ( 86)  |11111110|00 [10]                             3f8 [10]
  'W' ( 87)  |11111110|01 [10]                             3f9 [10]
  'X' ( 88)  |11111110|10 [10]                             3fa [10]
  'Y' ( 89)  |11111110|11 [10]                             3fb [10]
  'Z' ( 90)  |11111111|00 [10]                             3fc [10]
  '[' ( 91)  |11111111|111011 [14]                        3ffb [14]
  '\' ( 92)  |11111111|11111111|11111110 [24]           fffffe [24]
  ']' ( 93)  |11111111|111100 [14]                        3ffc [14]
  '^' ( 94)  |11111111|111101 [14]                        3ffd [14]
  '_' ( 95)  |1011011 [7]                                   5b [7]
  '`' ( 96)  |11111111|11111111|110 [19]                 7fffe [19]
  'a' ( 97)  |00100 [5]                                      4 [5]
  'b' ( 98)  |1011100 [7]                                   5c [7]
  'c' ( 99)  |00101 [5]                                      5 [5]
  'd' (100)  |100000 [6]                                    20 [6]
  'e' (101)  |0000 [4]                                       0 [4]
  'f' (102)  |100001 [6]                                    21 [6]
  'g' (103)  |100010 [6]                                    22 [6]
  'h' (104)  |100011 [6]                                    23 [6]
  'i' (105)  |00110 [5]                                      6 [5]
  'j' (106)  |10111110 [8]                                  be [8]
  'k' (107)  |10111111 [8]                                  bf [8]
  'l' (108)  |100100 [6]                                    24 [6]
  'm' (109)  |100101 [6]                                    25 [6]
  'n' (110)  |100110 [6]                                    26 [6]
  'o' (111)  |00111 [5]                                      7 [5]
  'p' (112)  |01000 [5]                                      8 [5]
  'q' (113)  |11111010|1 [9]                               1f5 [9]
  'r' (114)  |01001 [5]                                      9 [5]
  's' (115)  |01010 [5]                                      a [5]
  't' (116)  |01011 [5]                                      b [5]
  'u' (117)  |100111 [6]                                    27 [6]
  'v' (118)  |11000000 [8]                                  c0 [8]
  'w' (119)  |101000 [6]                                    28 [6]
  'x' (120)  |11000001 [8]                                  c1 [8]
  'y' (121)  |11000010 [8]                                  c2 [8]
  'z' (122)  |11111011|0 [9]                               1f6 [9]
  '{' (123)  |11111111|11111110|1 [17]                   1fffd [17]
  '|' (124)  |11111111|1100 [12]                           ffc [12]
  '}' (125)  |11111111|11111111|0 [17]                   1fffe [17]
  '~' (126)  |11111111|1101 [12]                           ffd [12]
      (127)  |101001 [6]                                    29 [6]
      (0xC2) |11000011 [8]                                  c3 [8]
      (0xC3) |11000100 [8]                                  c4 [8]
      (0xC4) |11000101 [8]                                  c5 [8]
      (0xC5) |11000110 [8]                                  c6 [8]
      (0xC6) |11000111 [8]                                  c7 [8]
      (0xC7) |11001000 [8]                                  c8 [8]
      (0xC8) |11001001 [8]                                  c9 [8]
      (0xC9) |11001010 [8]                                  ca [8]
      (0xCA) |11001011 [8]                                  cb [8]
      (0xCB) |11001100 [8]                                  cc [8]
      (0xCC) |11001101 [8]                                  cd [8]
      (0xCD) |11001110 [8]                                  ce [8]
      (0xCE) |11001111 [8]                                  cf [8]
      (0xCF) |11010000 [8]                                  d0 [8]
      (0xD0) |11010001 [8]                                  d1 [8]
      (0xD1) |11010010 [8]                                  d2 [8]
      (0xD2) |11010011 [8]                                  d3 [8]
      (0xD3) |11010100 [8]                                  d4 [8]
      (0xD4) |11010101 [8]                                  d5 [8]
      (0xD5) |11010110 [8]                                  d6 [8]
      (0xD6) |11010111 [8]                                  d7 [8]
      (0xD7) |11011000 [8]                                  d8 [8]
      (0xD8) |11011001 [8]                                  d9 [8]
      (0xD9) |11011010 [8]                                  da [8]
      (0xDA) |11011011 [8]                                  db [8]
      (0xDB) |11011100 [8]                                  dc [8]
      (0xDC) |11011101 [8]                                  dd [8]
      (0xDD) |11011110 [8]                                  de [8]
      (0xDE) |11011111 [8]                                  df [8]
      (0xDF) |11100000 [8]                                  e0 [8]
      (0xE0) |11100001 [8]                                  e1 [8]
      (0xE1) |11100010 [8]                                  e2 [8]
      (0xE2) |11100011 [8]                                  e3 [8]
      (0xE3) |11100100 [8]                                  e4 [8]
      (0xE4) |11100101 [8]                                  e5 [8]
      (0xE5) |11100110 [8]                                  e6 [8]
      (0xE6) |11100111 [8]                                  e7 [8]
      (0xE7) |11101000 [8]                                  e8 [8]
      (0xE8) |11101001 [8]                                  e9 [8]
      (0xE9) |11101010 [8]                                  ea [8]
      (0xEA) |11101011 [8]                                  eb [8]
      (0xEB) |11101100 [8]                                  ec [8]
      (0xEC) |11101101 [8]                                  ed [8]
      (0xED) |11101110 [8]                                  ee [8]
      (0xEE) |11101111 [8]                                  ef [8]
      (0xEF) |11110000 [8]                                  f0 [8]
      (0xF0) |11110001 [8]                                  f1 [8]
      (0xF1) |11110010 [8]                                  f2 [8]
      (0xF2) |11110011 [8]                                  f3 [8]
      (0xF3) |11110100 [8]                                  f4 [8]
      (0xF4) |11110101 [8]                                  f5 [8]  
      

Response Table:

      (  0)  |11111111|11111111|11111111|0 [25]        1fffffe [25]
      (  1)  |11111111|11111111|11111111|1 [25]        1ffffff [25]
      (  2)  |11111111|11111111|11100000 [24]           ffffe0 [24]
      (  3)  |11111111|11111111|11100001 [24]           ffffe1 [24]
      (  4)  |11111111|11111111|11100010 [24]           ffffe2 [24]
      (  5)  |11111111|11111111|11100011 [24]           ffffe3 [24]
      (  6)  |11111111|11111111|11100100 [24]           ffffe4 [24]
      (  7)  |11111111|11111111|11100101 [24]           ffffe5 [24]
      (  8)  |11111111|11111111|11100110 [24]           ffffe6 [24]
      (  9)  |11111111|11111111|11100111 [24]           ffffe7 [24]
      ( 10)  |11111111|11111111|11101000 [24]           ffffe8 [24]
      ( 11)  |11111111|11111111|11101001 [24]           ffffe9 [24]
      ( 12)  |11111111|11111111|11101010 [24]           ffffea [24]
      ( 13)  |11111111|11111111|11101011 [24]           ffffeb [24]
      ( 14)  |11111111|11111111|11101100 [24]           ffffec [24]
      ( 15)  |11111111|11111111|11101101 [24]           ffffed [24]
      ( 16)  |11111111|11111111|11101110 [24]           ffffee [24]
      ( 17)  |11111111|11111111|11101111 [24]           ffffef [24]
      ( 18)  |11111111|11111111|11110000 [24]           fffff0 [24]
      ( 19)  |11111111|11111111|11110001 [24]           fffff1 [24]
      ( 20)  |11111111|11111111|11110010 [24]           fffff2 [24]
      ( 21)  |11111111|11111111|11110011 [24]           fffff3 [24]
      ( 22)  |11111111|11111111|11110100 [24]           fffff4 [24]
      ( 23)  |11111111|11111111|11110101 [24]           fffff5 [24]
      ( 24)  |11111111|11111111|11110110 [24]           fffff6 [24]
      ( 25)  |11111111|11111111|11110111 [24]           fffff7 [24]
      ( 26)  |11111111|11111111|11111000 [24]           fffff8 [24]
      ( 27)  |11111111|11111111|11111001 [24]           fffff9 [24]
      ( 28)  |11111111|11111111|11111010 [24]           fffffa [24]
      ( 29)  |11111111|11111111|11111011 [24]           fffffb [24]
      ( 30)  |11111111|11111111|11111100 [24]           fffffc [24]
      ( 31)  |11111111|11111111|11111101 [24]           fffffd [24]
  ' ' ( 32)  |11111111|0110 [12]                           ff6 [12]
  '!' ( 33)  |11111111|0111 [12]                           ff7 [12]
  '"' ( 34)  |11111111|111010 [14]                        3ffa [14]
  '#' ( 35)  |11111111|1111100 [15]                       7ffc [15]
  '$' ( 36)  |11111111|1111101 [15]                       7ffd [15]
  '%' ( 37)  |011000 [6]                                    18 [6]
  '&' ( 38)  |1010100 [7]                                   54 [7]
  ''' ( 39)  |11111111|1111110 [15]                       7ffe [15]
  '(' ( 40)  |11111111|1000 [12]                           ff8 [12]
  ')' ( 41)  |11111111|1001 [12]                           ff9 [12]
  '*' ( 42)  |11111111|1010 [12]                           ffa [12]
  '+' ( 43)  |11111111|1011 [12]                           ffb [12]
  ',' ( 44)  |11111011|10 [10]                             3ee [10]
  '-' ( 45)  |011001 [6]                                    19 [6]
  '.' ( 46)  |00010 [5]                                      2 [5]
  '/' ( 47)  |00011 [5]                                      3 [5]
  '0' ( 48)  |011010 [6]                                    1a [6]
  '1' ( 49)  |011011 [6]                                    1b [6]
  '2' ( 50)  |011100 [6]                                    1c [6]
  '3' ( 51)  |011101 [6]                                    1d [6]
  '4' ( 52)  |1010101 [7]                                   55 [7]
  '5' ( 53)  |1010110 [7]                                   56 [7]
  '6' ( 54)  |1010111 [7]                                   57 [7]
  '7' ( 55)  |1011000 [7]                                   58 [7]
  '8' ( 56)  |1011001 [7]                                   59 [7]
  '9' ( 57)  |1011010 [7]                                   5a [7]
  ':' ( 58)  |011110 [6]                                    1e [6]
  ';' ( 59)  |11111011|11 [10]                             3ef [10]
  '<' ( 60)  |11111111|11111111|10 [18]                  3fffe [18]
  '=' ( 61)  |011111 [6]                                    1f [6]
  '>' ( 62)  |11111111|11111110|0 [17]                   1fffc [17]
  '?' ( 63)  |11110110|0 [9]                               1ec [9]
  '@' ( 64)  |11111111|11100 [13]                         1ffc [13]
  'A' ( 65)  |10111010 [8]                                  ba [8]
  'B' ( 66)  |11110110|1 [9]                               1ed [9]
  'C' ( 67)  |10111011 [8]                                  bb [8]
  'D' ( 68)  |10111100 [8]                                  bc [8]
  'E' ( 69)  |11110111|0 [9]                               1ee [9]
  'F' ( 70)  |10111101 [8]                                  bd [8]
  'G' ( 71)  |11111100|00 [10]                             3f0 [10]
  'H' ( 72)  |11111100|01 [10]                             3f1 [10]
  'I' ( 73)  |11110111|1 [9]                               1ef [9]
  'J' ( 74)  |11111100|10 [10]                             3f2 [10]
  'K' ( 75)  |11111111|010 [11]                            7fa [11]
  'L' ( 76)  |11111100|11 [10]                             3f3 [10]
  'M' ( 77)  |11111000|0 [9]                               1f0 [9]
  'N' ( 78)  |11111101|00 [10]                             3f4 [10]
  'O' ( 79)  |11111101|01 [10]                             3f5 [10]
  'P' ( 80)  |11111000|1 [9]                               1f1 [9]
  'Q' ( 81)  |11111101|10 [10]                             3f6 [10]
  'R' ( 82)  |11111001|0 [9]                               1f2 [9]
  'S' ( 83)  |11111001|1 [9]                               1f3 [9]
  'T' ( 84)  |11111010|0 [9]                               1f4 [9]
  'U' ( 85)  |11111101|11 [10]                             3f7 [10]
  'V' ( 86)  |11111110|00 [10]                             3f8 [10]
  'W' ( 87)  |11111110|01 [10]                             3f9 [10]
  'X' ( 88)  |11111110|10 [10]                             3fa [10]
  'Y' ( 89)  |11111110|11 [10]                             3fb [10]
  'Z' ( 90)  |11111111|00 [10]                             3fc [10]
  '[' ( 91)  |11111111|111011 [14]                        3ffb [14]
  '\' ( 92)  |11111111|11111111|11111110 [24]           fffffe [24]
  ']' ( 93)  |11111111|111100 [14]                        3ffc [14]
  '^' ( 94)  |11111111|111101 [14]                        3ffd [14]
  '_' ( 95)  |1011011 [7]                                   5b [7]
  '`' ( 96)  |11111111|11111111|110 [19]                 7fffe [19]
  'a' ( 97)  |00100 [5]                                      4 [5]
  'b' ( 98)  |1011100 [7]                                   5c [7]
  'c' ( 99)  |00101 [5]                                      5 [5]
  'd' (100)  |100000 [6]                                    20 [6]
  'e' (101)  |0000 [4]                                       0 [4]
  'f' (102)  |100001 [6]                                    21 [6]
  'g' (103)  |100010 [6]                                    22 [6]
  'h' (104)  |100011 [6]                                    23 [6]
  'i' (105)  |00110 [5]                                      6 [5]
  'j' (106)  |10111110 [8]                                  be [8]
  'k' (107)  |10111111 [8]                                  bf [8]
  'l' (108)  |100100 [6]                                    24 [6]
  'm' (109)  |100101 [6]                                    25 [6]
  'n' (110)  |100110 [6]                                    26 [6]
  'o' (111)  |00111 [5]                                      7 [5]
  'p' (112)  |01000 [5]                                      8 [5]
  'q' (113)  |11111010|1 [9]                               1f5 [9]
  'r' (114)  |01001 [5]                                      9 [5]
  's' (115)  |01010 [5]                                      a [5]
  't' (116)  |01011 [5]                                      b [5]
  'u' (117)  |100111 [6]                                    27 [6]
  'v' (118)  |11000000 [8]                                  c0 [8]
  'w' (119)  |101000 [6]                                    28 [6]
  'x' (120)  |11000001 [8]                                  c1 [8]
  'y' (121)  |11000010 [8]                                  c2 [8]
  'z' (122)  |11111011|0 [9]                               1f6 [9]
  '{' (123)  |11111111|11111110|1 [17]                   1fffd [17]
  '|' (124)  |11111111|1100 [12]                           ffc [12]
  '}' (125)  |11111111|11111111|0 [17]                   1fffe [17]
  '~' (126)  |11111111|1101 [12]                           ffd [12]
      (127)  |101001 [6]                                    29 [6]
      (0xC2) |11000011 [8]                                  c3 [8]
      (0xC3) |11000100 [8]                                  c4 [8]
      (0xC4) |11000101 [8]                                  c5 [8]
      (0xC5) |11000110 [8]                                  c6 [8]
      (0xC6) |11000111 [8]                                  c7 [8]
      (0xC7) |11001000 [8]                                  c8 [8]
      (0xC8) |11001001 [8]                                  c9 [8]
      (0xC9) |11001010 [8]                                  ca [8]
      (0xCA) |11001011 [8]                                  cb [8]
      (0xCB) |11001100 [8]                                  cc [8]
      (0xCC) |11001101 [8]                                  cd [8]
      (0xCD) |11001110 [8]                                  ce [8]
      (0xCE) |11001111 [8]                                  cf [8]
      (0xCF) |11010000 [8]                                  d0 [8]
      (0xD0) |11010001 [8]                                  d1 [8]
      (0xD1) |11010010 [8]                                  d2 [8]
      (0xD2) |11010011 [8]                                  d3 [8]
      (0xD3) |11010100 [8]                                  d4 [8]
      (0xD4) |11010101 [8]                                  d5 [8]
      (0xD5) |11010110 [8]                                  d6 [8]
      (0xD6) |11010111 [8]                                  d7 [8]
      (0xD7) |11011000 [8]                                  d8 [8]
      (0xD8) |11011001 [8]                                  d9 [8]
      (0xD9) |11011010 [8]                                  da [8]
      (0xDA) |11011011 [8]                                  db [8]
      (0xDB) |11011100 [8]                                  dc [8]
      (0xDC) |11011101 [8]                                  dd [8]
      (0xDD) |11011110 [8]                                  de [8]
      (0xDE) |11011111 [8]                                  df [8]
      (0xDF) |11100000 [8]                                  e0 [8]
      (0xE0) |11100001 [8]                                  e1 [8]
      (0xE1) |11100010 [8]                                  e2 [8]
      (0xE2) |11100011 [8]                                  e3 [8]
      (0xE3) |11100100 [8]                                  e4 [8]
      (0xE4) |11100101 [8]                                  e5 [8]
      (0xE5) |11100110 [8]                                  e6 [8]
      (0xE6) |11100111 [8]                                  e7 [8]
      (0xE7) |11101000 [8]                                  e8 [8]
      (0xE8) |11101001 [8]                                  e9 [8]
      (0xE9) |11101010 [8]                                  ea [8]
      (0xEA) |11101011 [8]                                  eb [8]
      (0xEB) |11101100 [8]                                  ec [8]
      (0xEC) |11101101 [8]                                  ed [8]
      (0xED) |11101110 [8]                                  ee [8]
      (0xEE) |11101111 [8]                                  ef [8]
      (0xEF) |11110000 [8]                                  f0 [8]
      (0xF0) |11110001 [8]                                  f1 [8]
      (0xF1) |11110010 [8]                                  f2 [8]
      (0xF2) |11110011 [8]                                  f3 [8]
      (0xF3) |11110100 [8]                                  f4 [8]
      (0xF4) |11110101 [8]                                  f5 [8]
      

Appendix B. Static Storage Cache

  0x80 "date"                        = NIL
  0x81 ":scheme"                     = "https"
  0x82 ":scheme"                     = "http"
  0x83 ":scheme"                     = "ftp"
  0x84 ":method"                     = "get"
  0x85 ":method"                     = "post"
  0x86 ":method"                     = "put"
  0x87 ":method"                     = "delete"
  0x88 ":method"                     = "options"
  0x89 ":method"                     = "patch"
  0x8A ":method"                     = "connect"
  0x8B ":path"                       = "/"
  0x8C ":host"                       = NIL
  0x8D "cookie"                      = NIL
  0x8E ":status"                     = 100
  0x8F ":status"                     = 101
  0x90 ":status"                     = 102
  0x91 ":status"                     = 200
  0x92 ":status"                     = 201
  0x93 ":status"                     = 202
  0x94 ":status"                     = 203
  0x95 ":status"                     = 204
  0x96 ":status"                     = 205
  0x97 ":status"                     = 206
  0x98 ":status"                     = 207
  0x99 ":status"                     = 208
  0x9A ":status"                     = 300
  0x9B ":status"                     = 301
  0x9C ":status"                     = 302
  0x9D ":status"                     = 303
  0x9E ":status"                     = 304
  0x9F ":status"                     = 305
  0xA0 ":status"                     = 307
  0xA1 ":status"                     = 308
  0xA2 ":status"                     = 400
  0xA3 ":status"                     = 401
  0xA4 ":status"                     = 402
  0xA5 ":status"                     = 403
  0xA6 ":status"                     = 404
  0xA7 ":status"                     = 405
  0xA8 ":status"                     = 406
  0xA9 ":status"                     = 407
  0xAA ":status"                     = 408
  0xAB ":status"                     = 409
  0xAC ":status"                     = 410
  0xAD ":status"                     = 411
  0xAE ":status"                     = 412
  0xAF ":status"                     = 413
  0xB0 ":status"                     = 414
  0xB1 ":status"                     = 415
  0xB2 ":status"                     = 416
  0xB3 ":status"                     = 417
  0xB4 ":status"                     = 500
  0xB5 ":status"                     = 501
  0xB6 ":status"                     = 502
  0xB7 ":status"                     = 503
  0xB8 ":status"                     = 504
  0xB9 ":status"                     = 505
  0xBA ":status-text"                = "OK"
  0xBB ":version"                    = "1.1"
  0xBC "accept"                      = NIL
  0xBD "accept-charset"              = NIL
  0xBE "accept-encoding"             = NIL
  0xBF "accept-language"             = NIL
  0xC0 "accept-ranges"               = NIL
  0xC1 "allow"                       = NIL
  0xC2 "authorization"               = NIL
  0xC3 "cache-control"               = NIL
  0xC4 "content-base"                = NIL
  0xC5 "content-encoding"            = NIL
  0xC6 "content-length"              = NIL
  0xC7 "content-location"            = NIL
  0xC8 "content-md5"                 = NIL
  0xC9 "content-range"               = NIL
  0xCA "content-type"                = NIL
  0xCB "content-disposition"         = NIL
  0xCC "content-language"            = NIL
  0xCD "etag"                        = NIL
  0xCE "expect"                      = NIL
  0xCF "expires"                     = NIL
  0xD0 "from"                        = NIL
  0xD1 "if-match"                    = NIL
  0xD2 "if-modified-since"           = NIL
  0xD3 "if-none-match"               = NIL
  0xD4 "if-range"                    = NIL
  0xD5 "if-unmodified-since"         = NIL
  0xD6 "last-modified"               = NIL
  0xD7 "location"                    = NIL
  0xD8 "max-forwards"                = NIL
  0xD9 "origin"                      = NIL
  0xDA "pragma"                      = NIL
  0xDB "proxy-authenticate"          = NIL
  0xDC "proxy-authorization"         = NIL
  0xDD "range"                       = NIL
  0xDE "referer"                     = NIL
  0xDF "retry-after"                 = NIL
  0xE0 "server"                      = NIL
  0xE1 "set-cookie"                  = NIL
  0xE2 "status"                      = NIL
  0xE3 "te"                          = NIL
  0xE4 "trailer"                     = NIL
  0xE5 "transfer-encoding"           = NIL
  0xE6 "upgrade"                     = NIL
  0xE7 "user-agent"                  = NIL
  0xE8 "vary"                        = NIL
  0xE9 "via"                         = NIL
  0xEA "warning"                     = NIL
  0xEB "www-authenticate"            = NIL
  0xEC "access-control-allow-origin" = NIL
  0xED "get-dictionary"              = NIL
  0xEE "p3p"                         = NIL
  0xEF "link"                        = NIL
  0xF0 "prefer"                      = NIL
  0xF1 "preference-applied"          = NIL
  0xF2 "accept-patch"                = NIL
  0xF3 NIL
  0xF4 NIL
  0xF5 NIL
  0xF6 NIL
  0xF7 NIL
  0xF8 NIL
  0xF9 NIL
  0xFA NIL
  0xFB NIL
  0xFC NIL
  0xFD NIL
  0xFE NIL
  0xFF NIL  
      

Author's Address

James M Snell EMail: jasnell@gmail.com