Diameter Maintenance and J. Korhonen, Ed. Extensions (DIME) TeliaSonera Internet-Draft H. Tschofenig Intended status: Standards Track Nokia Siemens Networks Expires: November 27, 2008 M. Arumaithurai University of Goettingen M. Jones A. Lior Bridgewater Systems May 26, 2008 Quality of Service Attributes for Diameter draft-ietf-dime-qos-attributes-06.txt Status of this Memo By submitting this Internet-Draft, each author represents that any applicable patent or other IPR claims of which he or she is aware have been or will be disclosed, and any of which he or she becomes aware will be disclosed, in accordance with Section 6 of BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet- Drafts. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt. The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html. This Internet-Draft will expire on November 27, 2008. Abstract This document extends the QoSFilterRule AVP functionality of the Diameter Base protocol and the functionality of the QoS-Filter-Rule AVP defined in RFC 4005. The ability to convey Quality of Service information using the AVPs defined in this document is available to existing and future Diameter applications where permitted by the command ABNF. Korhonen, et al. Expires November 27, 2008 [Page 1] Internet-Draft QoS Attributes for Diameter May 2008 Table of Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3. Diameter QoS Defined AVPs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3.1. QoS-Capability AVP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3.2. QoS-Profile-Template AVP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.3. Vendor-Specific-QoS-Profile-Template AVP . . . . . . . . . 5 3.4. QoS-Resources AVP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.5. Extended-QoS-Filter-Rule AVP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.6. QoS-Semantics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3.7. QoS-Parameters AVP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3.8. QoS-Rule-Precedence AVP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 4. Semantics of QoS Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 5. Diameter Classifier AVPs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 5.1. Classifier AVP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 5.2. Classifier-ID AVP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 5.3. Protocol AVP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 5.4. Direction AVP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 5.5. From-Spec AVP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 5.6. To-Spec AVP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 5.7. Source and Destination AVPs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 5.7.1. Negated AVP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 5.7.2. IP-Address AVP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 5.7.3. IP-Address-Range AVP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 5.7.4. IP-Address-Start AVP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 5.7.5. IP-Address-End AVP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 5.7.6. IP-Address-Mask AVP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 5.7.7. IP-Mask-Bit-Mask-Width AVP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 5.7.8. MAC-Address AVP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 5.7.9. Port AVP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 5.7.10. Port-Range AVP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 5.7.11. Port-Start AVP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 5.7.12. Port-End AVP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 5.7.13. Use-Assigned-Address AVP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 5.8. Header Option AVPs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 5.8.1. Diffserv-Code-Point AVP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 5.8.2. Fragmentation-Flag AVP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 5.8.3. IP-Option AVP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 5.8.4. IP-Option-Type AVP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 5.8.5. IP-Option-Value AVP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 5.8.6. TCP-Option AVP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 5.8.7. TCP-Option-Type AVP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 5.8.8. TCP-Option-Value AVP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 5.8.9. TCP-Flags AVP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 5.8.10. TCP-Flag-Type AVP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 5.8.11. ICMP-Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 5.8.12. ICMP-Type-Number AVP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Korhonen, et al. Expires November 27, 2008 [Page 2] Internet-Draft QoS Attributes for Diameter May 2008 5.8.13. ICMP-Code AVP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 6. Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 6.1. Diameter EAP with QoS Information . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 6.2. Diameter NASREQ with QoS Information . . . . . . . . . . . 21 6.3. QoS Authorization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 6.4. Diameter Server Initiated Re-authorization of QoS . . . . 23 6.5. Diameter Credit Control with QoS Information . . . . . . . 24 6.6. Classifier mapping from IPFilterRule type . . . . . . . . 25 6.7. Complex Classifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 7. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 8. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 9. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 10. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 10.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 10.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements . . . . . . . . . . 29 Korhonen, et al. Expires November 27, 2008 [Page 3] Internet-Draft QoS Attributes for Diameter May 2008 1. Introduction This document defines a number of Diameter Quality of Service (QoS) related AVPs that can be used in existing and future Diameter applications where permitted by the command ABNF. The Extended-QoS- Filter-Rule AVP thereby replaces the QoSFilterRule, defined in RFC 3588 [RFC3588], and the QoS-Filter-Rule, defined in RFC 4005 [RFC4005]. 2. Terminology The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119]. 3. Diameter QoS Defined AVPs The following table lists the Diameter AVPs used by this document, their AVP code values, types and possible flag values. +------------------+ | AVP Flag Rules | +------------------------------------------------|----+---+----+----+ | AVP Section |MUST|MAY|SHLD|MUST| | Attribute Name Code Defined Data Type | | | NOT| NOT| +------------------------------------------------+----+---+----+----+ |QoS-Capability TBD 3.1 Grouped | | P | |M,V | |QoS-Profile-Template TBD 3.2 Unsigned32 | | P | |M,V | |Vendor-Specific- | | | | | | QoS-Profile-Template TBD 3.3 Grouped | | P | |M,V | |QoS-Resources TBD 3.4 Grouped | | P | |M,V | |Extended-QoS-Filter-Rule TBD 3.5 Grouped | | P | |M,V | |QoS-Semantics TBD 3.6 Enumerated | | P | |M,V | |QoS-Parameters TBD 3.7 OctetString| | P | |M,V | |QoS-Rule-Precedence TBD 3.8 Unsigned32 | | P | |M,V | +------------------------------------------------+----+---+----+----+ 3.1. QoS-Capability AVP The QoS-Capability AVP (AVP Code TBD) is of type Grouped and contains a list of supported Quality of Service profile templates (and therefore the support of the respective parameter AVPs). Korhonen, et al. Expires November 27, 2008 [Page 4] Internet-Draft QoS Attributes for Diameter May 2008 QoS-Capability ::= < AVP Header: XXX > 1* { QoS-Profile-Template } * [ AVP ] 3.2. QoS-Profile-Template AVP The QoS-Profile-Template AVP (AVP Code TBD) is of type Unsigned32 and contains a QoS profile template identifier. An initial QoS profile template is defined with value of 0 and is described in [I-D.ietf-dime-qos-parameters]. The registry for the QoS profile templates is created with the same document. 3.3. Vendor-Specific-QoS-Profile-Template AVP The Vendor-Specific-QoS-Profile-Template AVP (AVP Code TBD) is of type Grouped and defines a vendor-specific QoS profile template. The Vendor-Id AVP contains a 32 bit IANA SMI Network Management Private Enterprise Code and the QoS-Profile-Template AVP contains the template identifier assigned by the vendor. Vendor-Specific-QoS-Profile-Template ::= < AVP Header: XXX > { Vendor-Id } { QoS-Profile-Template } * [ AVP ] 3.4. QoS-Resources AVP The QoS-Resources AVP (AVP Code TBD) is of type Grouped and includes a description of the Quality of Service resources for policing traffic flows. QoS-Resources ::= < AVP Header: XXX > * [ Extended-QoS-Filter-Rule ] * [ AVP ] 3.5. Extended-QoS-Filter-Rule AVP The Extended-QoS-Filter-Rule AVP (AVP Code TBD) is of type Grouped and defines one or more traffic flows together with a set of QoS parameters that should be applied to the flow(s) by the Resource Management Function. This AVP uses the Classifier AVP (see Section 5) to describe traffic flows. Korhonen, et al. Expires November 27, 2008 [Page 5] Internet-Draft QoS Attributes for Diameter May 2008 Extended-QoS-Filter-Rule ::= < AVP Header: XXX > { QoS-Semantics } { QoS-Profile-Template } [ QoS-Parameters ] [ QoS-Rule-Precedence ] [ Classifier ] * [ AVP ] 3.6. QoS-Semantics The QoS-Semantics AVP (AVP Code TBD) is of type Enumerated and provides the semantics for the QoS-Profile-Template and QoS- Parameters AVPs in the Extended-QoS-Filter-Rule AVP. This document defines the following values: (0): QoS-Desired (1): QoS-Available (2): QoS-Reserved (3): Minimum-QoS (4): QoS-Authorized 3.7. QoS-Parameters AVP The QoS-Parameters AVP (AVP Code TBD) is of type OctetString and contains Quality of Service parameters. These parameters are defined in a separate document, see [I-D.ietf-dime-qos-parameters]. 3.8. QoS-Rule-Precedence AVP The QoS-Rule-Precedence AVP (AVP Code TBD) is of type Unsigned32 and specifies the execution order of the rules expressed in the QoS- Resources AVP. Rules with equal precedence MAY be executed in parallel if supported by the Resource Management Function. If the QoS-Rule-Precedence AVP is absent from the Extended-QoS-Filter-Rule AVP, the rules SHOULD be executed in the order in which they appear in the QoS-Resources AVP. 4. Semantics of QoS Parameters The QoS parameters carried in the QoS-Resources AVP may appear in different messages. The semantic of the QoS parameters depend on the information provided in the QoS-Semantics AVP which currently defines 5 values, namely QoS-Desired (0), QoS-Available (1), QoS-Reserved (2), Minimum-QoS (3), and QoS-Authorized (4). The semantics of the different values are as follows: Korhonen, et al. Expires November 27, 2008 [Page 6] Internet-Draft QoS Attributes for Diameter May 2008 Object Type Direction Semantic --------------------------------------------------------------------- QoS-Desired C->S Please authorize the indicated QoS QoS-Desired C<-S NA QoS-Available C->S Admission Control at router indicates that this QoS is available. (note 1) QoS-Available C<-S Indicated QoS is available. (note 2) QoS-Reserved C->S Used for reporting during accounting. QoS-Reserved C<-S NA Minimum-QoS C->S Indicates that the client is not interested in authorizing QoS that is lower than Min. QoS. Minimum-QoS C<-S The client must not provide QoS guarantees lower than Min. QoS. QoS-Authorized C->S NA QoS-Authorized C<-S Indicated QoS authorized Legend: C: Diameter client S: Diameter server NA: Not applicable to this document; no semantic defined in this specification Notes: (1) QoS-Available is only useful in relationship with QoS-Desired (and optionally with Minimum-QoS). (2) QoS-Available is only useful when the AAA server performs admission control and knows about the resources in the network. 5. Diameter Classifier AVPs Classifiers are used in many applications to specify how to classify packets. For example in a QoS application, if a packet matches a classifier then that packet will be treated in accordance with a QoS specification associated with that classifier. The Classifiers are sent to on on-path element (e.g. a router) which uses the classifier to match packets. Figure 1 shows a typical deployment. Korhonen, et al. Expires November 27, 2008 [Page 7] Internet-Draft QoS Attributes for Diameter May 2008 +-----------+ +-----------+| +--------+ +-------------+ +------------+|| | | IN | | | ||| | +--------->| +------------->| ||| |Managed | | Classifying | | Unmanaged ||| |Terminal| OUT | Entity | | Terminal ||| | |<---------+ |<-------------+ ||+ | | | | | |+ +--------+ +-------------+ +------------+ ^ | Classifiers | +------+-------+ | | | AAA | | | +--------------+ Figure 1: Example of a Classifier Architecture The managed terminal, the terminal for which the classifiers are being specified is located on the left of the Classifying Entity. The unmanaged terminal, the terminal that receives packets from the Managed terminal or sends packets to the managed terminal is located to the right side of the Classifying Entity. The Classifying Entity is responsible for classifying packets that are incoming (IN) from the Managed Terminal or packets outgoing (OUT) to the Managed Terminal. A Classifier consists of a group of attributes that specify how to match a packet. Each set of attributes expresses values about aspects of the packet - typically the packet header. Different protocols therefore would use different attributes. In general a Classifier consists of the following: Identifier: The identifier uniquely identifies this classifier and maybe used to reference the classifier from another structure. From: Specifies the rule for matching the source part of the packet. Korhonen, et al. Expires November 27, 2008 [Page 8] Internet-Draft QoS Attributes for Diameter May 2008 To: Specifies the rule for matching the destination part of the packet. Protocol: Specifies the matching protocol of the packet. Direction: Specifies whether the classifier is to apply to packets flowing from the Managed Terminal (IN) or to packets flowing to the Managed Terminal (OUT), or packets flowing in both direction. Options: Associated with each protocol or layer, or various values specific to the header of the protocol or layer. Options allow matching on those values. Each protocol type will have a specific set of attributes that can be used to specify a classifier for that protocol. These attributes will be grouped under a grouped AVP called a Classifier AVP. The following table lists the Classifer AVPs used by this document, their AVP code values, types and possible flag values. Korhonen, et al. Expires November 27, 2008 [Page 9] Internet-Draft QoS Attributes for Diameter May 2008 +------------------+ | AVP Flag Rules | +------------------------------------------------|----+---+----+----+ | AVP Section |MUST|MAY|SHLD|MUST| | Attribute Name Code Defined Data Type | | | NOT| NOT| +------------------------------------------------+----+---+----+----+ |Classifier TBD 5.1 Grouped | | P | |M,V | |Classifier-ID TBD 5.2 OctetString| | P | |M,V | |Protocol TBD 5.3 Enumerated | | P | |M,V | |Direction TBD 5.4 Enumerated | | P | |M,V | |From-Spec TBD 5.5 Grouped | | P | |M,V | |To-Spec TBD 5.6 Grouped | | P | |M,V | |Negated TBD 5.7.1 Enumerated | | P | |M,V | |IP-Address TBD 5.7.2 Address | | P | |M,V | |IP-Address-Range TBD 5.7.3 Grouped | | P | |M,V | |IP-Address-Start TBD 5.7.4 Address | | P | |M,V | |IP-Address-End TBD 5.7.5 Address | | P | |M,V | |IP-Address-Mask TBD 5.7.6 Grouped | | P | |M,V | |IP-Mask-Bit-Mask-Width TBD 5.7.7 OctetString| | P | |M,V | |MAC-Address TBD 5.7.8 OctetString| | P | |M,V | |Port TBD 5.7.9 Integer32 | | P | |M,V | |Port-Range TBD 5.7.10 Grouped | | P | |M,V | |Port-Start TBD 5.7.11 Integer32 | | P | |M,V | |Port-End TBD 5.7.12 Integer32 | | P | |M,V | |Use-Assigned-Address TBD 5.7.13 Enumerated | | P | |M,V | |Diffserv-Code-Point TBD 5.8.1 Enumerated | | P | |M,V | |Fragmentation-Flag TBD 5.8.2 Enumerated | | P | |M,V | |IP-Option TBD 5.8.3 Grouped | | P | |M,V | |IP-Option-Type TBD 5.8.4 Enumerated | | P | |M,V | |IP-Option-Value TBD 5.8.5 OctetString| | P | |M,V | |TCP-Option TBD 5.8.6 Grouped | | P | |M,V | |TCP-Option-Type TBD 5.8.7 Enumerated | | P | |M,V | |TCP-Option-Value TBD 5.8.8 OctetString| | P | |M,V | |TCP-Flags TBD 5.8.9 Grouped | | P | |M,V | |TCP-Flag-Type TBD 5.8.10 Enumerated | | P | |M,V | |ICMP-Type TBD 5.8.11 Grouped | | P | |M,V | |ICMP-Type-Number TBD 5.8.12 Enumerated | | P | |M,V | |ICMP-Code TBD 5.8.13 Enumerated | | P | |M,V | +------------------------------------------------+----+---+----+----+ 5.1. Classifier AVP The Classifier AVP (AVP Code TBD) is a grouped AVP that consists of a set of attributes that specify how to match a packet. Korhonen, et al. Expires November 27, 2008 [Page 10] Internet-Draft QoS Attributes for Diameter May 2008 Classifier ::= < AVP Header: XXX > { Classifier-ID } { Protocol } { Direction } * [ From-Spec ] * [ To-Spec ] * [ Diffserv-Code-Point ] [ Fragmentation-Flag ] * [ IP-Option ] * [ TCP-Option ] [ TCP-Flags ] * [ ICMP-Type ] * [ AVP ] 5.2. Classifier-ID AVP The Classifier-ID AVP (AVP Code TBD) is of type OctetString and uniquely identifies the classifier. Each application will define the uniqueness scope of this identifier, e.g. unique per terminal or globally unique. Exactly one Classifier-ID AVP MUST be contained within a Classifier AVP. 5.3. Protocol AVP The Protocol AVP (AVP Code TBD) is of type Enumerated and specifies the protocol being matched. The attributes included in the Classifier AVP must be consistent with the value of the Protocol AVP. Exactly one Protocol AVP MUST be contained within a Classifier AVP. The values for this AVP are managed by IANA under the Protocol Numbers registry [PROTOCOL]. 5.4. Direction AVP The Direction AVP (AVP Code TBD) is of type Enumerated that specifies in which direction to apply the Classifier. The values of the enumeration are: "IN","OUT","BOTH". In the "IN" and "BOTH" directions, the From-Spec refers to the address of the Managed Terminal and the To-Spec refers to the unmanaged terminal. In the "OUT" direction, the From-Spec refers to the Unmanaged Terminal whereas the To-Spec refers to the Managed Terminal. Value | Name and Semantic ------+------------------------------------------------------------ 0 | RESERVED 1 | IN - The classifier applies to downlink flows only. 2 | OUT - The classifier applies to uplink flows only. 3 | BOTH - The classifier applies to both downlink Korhonen, et al. Expires November 27, 2008 [Page 11] Internet-Draft QoS Attributes for Diameter May 2008 | and uplink flows. 5.5. From-Spec AVP The From-Spec AVP (AVP Code TBD) is a grouped AVP that specifies the Source Specification used to match the packet. Zero or more of these AVPs may appear in the Classifier. If this AVP is absent from the Classifier then all packets are matched regardless of the source address. If more than one instance of this AVP appears in the Classifier then the source of the packet can match any From-Spec AVP. The contents of this AVP are protocol specific. If more than one instance of the IP address AVPs (IP-Address, IP- Address-Range, IP-Address-Mask, Use-Assigned-Address) appear in the From-Spec AVP then the source IP address of the packet must match one of the addresses represented by these AVPs. If more that one instance of the MAC-Address AVP appears in the From- Spec then the the source MAC address of the packet must match one of the addresses represented in these AVPs. If more that one instance of the port AVPs (Port, Port-Range) appears in the From-Spec AVP then the source port number must match one of the port numbers represented in these AVPs. If the IP address, MAC address and port AVPs appear in the same From- Spec AVP then the source packet must match all the specifications, i.e. match the IP address AND MAC address AND port number. From-Spec ::= < AVP Header: XXX > * [ IP-Address ] * [ IP-Address-Range ] * [ IP-Address-Mask ] * [ MAC-Address ] * [ Port ] * [ Port-Range ] [ Negated ] [ Use-Assigned-Address ] * [ AVP ] 5.6. To-Spec AVP The To-Spec AVP (AVP Code TBD) is a grouped AVP that specifies the Destination Specification used to match the packet. Zero or more of these AVPs may appear in the Classifier. If this AVP is absent from the Classifier then all packets are matched regardless of the destination address. If more than one instance of this AVP appears Korhonen, et al. Expires November 27, 2008 [Page 12] Internet-Draft QoS Attributes for Diameter May 2008 in the Classifier then the destination of the packet can match any To-Spec AVP. The contents of this AVP are protocol specific. If more than one instance of the IP address AVPs (IP-Address, IP- Address-Range, IP-Address-Mask, Use-Assigned-Address) appear in the To-Spec AVP then the destination IP address of the packet must match one of the addresses represented by these AVPs. If more that one instance of the MAC-Address AVP appears in the To- Spec then the the destination MAC address of the packet must match one of the addresses represented in these AVPs. If more that one instance of the port AVPs (Port, Port-Range) appears in the To-Spec AVP then the destination port number must match one of the port numbers represented in these AVPs. If the IP address, MAC address and port AVPs appear in the same To- Spec AVP then the destination packet must match all the specifications, i.e. match the IP address AND MAC address AND port number. To-Spec ::= < AVP Header: XXX > * [ IP-Address ] * [ IP-Address-Range ] * [ IP-Address-Mask ] * [ MAC-Address ] * [ Port ] * [ Port-Range ] [ Negated ] [ Use-Assigned-Address ] * [ AVP ] 5.7. Source and Destination AVPs For packet classification the contents of the From-Spec and To-Spec can contain the following AVPs. By combining several of these AVPs within a From-Spec or To-Spec AVP and using more than one From-Spec or To-Spec AVP in the Classifier AVP, one can express many different types of address pools. 5.7.1. Negated AVP The Negated AVP (AVP Code TBD) of type Enumerated containing the values of True or False. Exactly zero or one of these AVPs may appear in the From-Spec or To-Spec AVP. When set to True the meaning of the match in the To-Spec and From-Spec are negated, causing all Korhonen, et al. Expires November 27, 2008 [Page 13] Internet-Draft QoS Attributes for Diameter May 2008 other addresses to be matched instead. When set to False, or when the AVP is not included in the From-Spec or To-Spec AVP then the meaning of the match is not inverted, causing only the addresses specified to be matched. Note that the negation does not impact the port comparisons. Value | Name ------+-------- 0 | False 1 | True 5.7.2. IP-Address AVP The IP-Address AVP (AVP Code TBD) is of type Address and specifies a single IP address (IPv4 or IPv6) address to match. 5.7.3. IP-Address-Range AVP The IP-Address-Range AVP (AVP Code TBD) is of type Grouped and specifies an inclusive IP address range. IP-Address-Range ::= < AVP Header: XXX > [ IP-Address-Start ] [ IP-Address-End ] * [ AVP ] If the IP-Address-Start AVP is not included then the address range starts from the first valid IP address up to and including the specified IP-Address-End address. If the IP-Address-End AVP is not included then the address range starts at the address specified by the IP-Address-Start AVP and includes all the remaining valid IP addresses. For the IP-Address-Range AVP to be valid, the IP-Address-Start AVP MUST contain a value that is less than that of the IP-Address-End AVP. 5.7.4. IP-Address-Start AVP The IP-Address-Start AVP (AVP Code TBD) is of type Address and specifies the first IP address (IPv4 or IPv6) address of an IP address range. Korhonen, et al. Expires November 27, 2008 [Page 14] Internet-Draft QoS Attributes for Diameter May 2008 5.7.5. IP-Address-End AVP The IP-Address-End AVP (AVP Code TBD) is of type Address and specifies the last IP address (IPv4 or IPv6) address of an address range. 5.7.6. IP-Address-Mask AVP The IP-Address-Mask AVP (AVP Code TBD) is of type Grouped and specifies an IP address range using a base IP address and the bit- width of the mask. For example, a range expressed as 1.2.3.0/24 will match all IP addresses from 1.2.3.0 up to and including 1.2.3.255. The bit-width MUST be valid for the type of IP address. IP-Address-Mask ::= < AVP Header: XXX > { IP-Address } { IP-Bit-Mask-Width } * [ AVP ] 5.7.7. IP-Mask-Bit-Mask-Width AVP The IP-Bit-Mask-Width AVP (AVP Code TBD) is of type OctetString. The value is a single octet and specifies the width of an IP address bit- mask. 5.7.8. MAC-Address AVP The MAC-Address AVP (AVP Code TBD) is of type OctetString and specifies a single MAC address. The value is a 6 octets encoding of the MAC address as it would appear in the frame header. 5.7.9. Port AVP The Port AVP (AVP Code TBD) is of type Integer32 in the range of 0 to 65535 and specifies the TCP or UDP port number to match. 5.7.10. Port-Range AVP The Port-Range AVP (AVP Code TBD) is of type Grouped and specifies an inclusive range of ports. Port-Range ::= < AVP Header: XXX > [ Port-Start ] [ Port-End ] * [ AVP ] Korhonen, et al. Expires November 27, 2008 [Page 15] Internet-Draft QoS Attributes for Diameter May 2008 If the Port-Start AVP is omitted then port 0 is assumed. If the Port-End AVP is omitted then port 65535 is assumed. 5.7.11. Port-Start AVP The Port-Start AVP (AVP Code TBD) is of type Integer32 and specifies the first port number of an IP port range. 5.7.12. Port-End AVP The Port-End AVP (AVP Code TBD) is of type Integer32 and specifies the last port number of an IP port range. 5.7.13. Use-Assigned-Address AVP In some scenarios, the AAA does not know the IP address assigned to the Managed Terminal at the time that the Classifier is sent to the Classifying Entity. The Use-Assigned-Address AVP (AVP Code TBD) is of type Enumerated containing the values of True or False. When present and set to True, it represents the IP address assigned to the Managed Terminal. Value | Name ------+-------- 0 | False 1 | True 5.8. Header Option AVPs The Classifier AVP may contain one or more of the following AVPs to match on the various possible IP, TCP or ICMP header options. 5.8.1. Diffserv-Code-Point AVP The Diffserv-Code-Point AVP (AVP Code TBD) is of type Enumerated and specifies the Differentiated Services Field Codepoints to match in the IP header. The values are managed by IANA under the Differentiated Services Field Codepoints registry [DSCP]. 5.8.2. Fragmentation-Flag AVP The Fragmentation-Flag AVP (AVP Code TBD) is of type Enumerated and specifies the packet fragmentation flags to match in the IP header. Korhonen, et al. Expires November 27, 2008 [Page 16] Internet-Draft QoS Attributes for Diameter May 2008 Value | Name and Semantic ------+------------------------------------------------------------ 0 | RESERVED 1 | Don't Fragment (DF) 2 | More Fragments (MF) 5.8.3. IP-Option AVP The IP-Option AVP (AVP Code TBD) is of type Grouped and specifies an IP header option that must be matched. IP-Option ::= < AVP Header: XXX > { IP-Option-Type } * [ IP-Option-Value ] [ Negated ] * [ AVP ] If one or more IP-Option-Value AVPs are present, one of the values MUST match the value in the IP header option. If the IP-Option-Value AVP is absent, the option type MUST be present in the IP header but the value is wild carded. The Negated AVP is used in conjunction with the IP-Option-Value AVPs to specify IP header options which do not match specific values. The Negated AVP is used without the IP-Option-Value AVP to specify IP headers which do not contain the option type. 5.8.4. IP-Option-Type AVP The IP-Option-Type AVP (AVP Code TBD) is of type Enumerated and the values are managed by IANA under the IP Option Numbers registry [IPOPTIONS]. 5.8.5. IP-Option-Value AVP The IP-Option-Value AVP (AVP Code TBD) is of type OctetString and contains the option value that must be matched. 5.8.6. TCP-Option AVP The TCP-Option AVP (AVP Code TBD) is of type Grouped and specifies a TCP header option that must be matched. Korhonen, et al. Expires November 27, 2008 [Page 17] Internet-Draft QoS Attributes for Diameter May 2008 TCP-Option ::= < AVP Header: XXX > { TCP-Option-Type } * [ TCP-Option-Value ] [ Negated ] * [ AVP ] If one or more TCP-Option-Value AVPs are present, one of the values MUST match the value in the TCP header option. If the TCP-Option- Value AVP is absent, the option type MUST be present in the TCP header but the value is wild carded. The Negated AVP is used in conjunction which the TCP-Option-Value AVPs to specify TCP header options which do not match specific values. The Negated AVP is used without the TCP-Option-Value AVP to specify TCP headers which do not contain the option type. 5.8.7. TCP-Option-Type AVP The TCP-Option-Type AVP (AVP Code TBD) is of type Enumerated and the values are managed by IANA under the TCP Option Numbers registry [TCPOPTIONS]. 5.8.8. TCP-Option-Value AVP The TCP-Option-Value AVP (AVP Code TBD) is of type OctetString and contains the option value that must be matched. 5.8.9. TCP-Flags AVP The TCP-Flags AVP (AVP Code TBD) is of type Grouped and specifies a set of TCP control flags that must be matched. TCP-Flags ::= < AVP Header: XXX > * [ TCP-Flag-Type ] [ Negated ] * [ AVP ] If the Negated AVP is not present, the TCP-Flag-Type AVPs specifies which flags MUST be set. If the Negated AVP is present, the TCP- Flag-Type AVPs specifies which flags MUST be cleared. 5.8.10. TCP-Flag-Type AVP The TCP-Flag-Type AVP (AVP Code TBD) is of type Enumerated and specifies a TCP control flag type that must be matched. Korhonen, et al. Expires November 27, 2008 [Page 18] Internet-Draft QoS Attributes for Diameter May 2008 Value | Name and Semantic ------+------------------------------------------------------------ 0 | RESERVED 1 | CWR - Congestion Window Reduced. 2 | ECE - ECN-Echo. TCP peer is ECN capable. 3 | URG - URGent pointer field is significant. 4 | ACK - ACKnowledgment field is significant. 5 | PSH - Push function. 6 | RST - Reset the connection. 7 | SYN - Synchronize sequence numbers. 8 | FIN - No more data from sender. 5.8.11. ICMP-Type The ICMP-Type AVP (AVP Code TBD) is of type Grouped and specifies a ICMP message type that must be matched. ICMP-Type ::= < AVP Header: XXX > { ICMP-Type-Number } * [ ICMP-Code ] [ Negated ] * [ AVP ] If the ICMP-Code AVP is present, the value MUST match that in the ICMP header. If the ICMP-Code AVP is absent, the ICMP type MUST be present in the ICMP header but the code is wild carded. The Negated AVP is used in conjunction which the ICMP-Code AVPs to specify ICMP codes which do not match specific values. The Negated AVP is used without the ICMP-Code AVP to specify ICMP headers which do not contain the ICMP type. 5.8.12. ICMP-Type-Number AVP The ICMP-Type-Number AVP (AVP Code TBD) is of type Enumerated and the values are managed by IANA under the ICMP Type Numbers registry [ICMPTYPE]. 5.8.13. ICMP-Code AVP The ICMP-Code AVP (AVP Code TBD) is of type Enumerated and the values are managed by IANA under the ICMP Type Numbers registry [ICMPTYPE]. 6. Examples This section shows a number of signaling flows where QoS negotiation Korhonen, et al. Expires November 27, 2008 [Page 19] Internet-Draft QoS Attributes for Diameter May 2008 and authorization is part of the conventional NASREQ, EAP or Credit Control applications message exchanges. The signalling flows for the Diameter QoS Application are described in [I-D.ietf-dime-diameter-qos]. 6.1. Diameter EAP with QoS Information Figure 2 shows a simple signaling flow where a NAS (Diameter Client) announces its QoS awareness and capabilities included into the DER message and as part of the access authentication procedure. Upon completion of the EAP exchange, the Diameter Server provides a pre- provisioned QoS profile with the QoS-Semantics in the Extended-QoS- Filter-Rule AVP set to "QoS-Authorized", to the NAS in the final DEA message. Korhonen, et al. Expires November 27, 2008 [Page 20] Internet-Draft QoS Attributes for Diameter May 2008 End Diameter Diameter Host Client Server | | | | (initiate EAP) | | |<----------------------------->| | | | Diameter-EAP-Request | | | EAP-Payload(EAP Start) | | | QoS-Capability | | |------------------------------->| | | | | | Diameter-EAP-Answer | | Result-Code=DIAMETER_MULTI_ROUND_AUTH | | | EAP-Payload(EAP Request #1) | | |<-------------------------------| | EAP Request(Identity) | | |<------------------------------| | : : : : <<>> : : : : | | | | EAP Response #N | | |------------------------------>| | | | Diameter-EAP-Request | | | EAP-Payload(EAP Response #N) | | |------------------------------->| | | | | | Diameter-EAP-Answer | | | Result-Code=DIAMETER_SUCCESS | | | EAP-Payload(EAP Success) | | | [EAP-Master-Session-Key] | | | (authorization AVPs) | | | QoS-Resources(QoS-Authorized) | | |<-------------------------------| | | | | EAP Success | | |<------------------------------| | | | | Figure 2: Example of a Diameter EAP enhanced with QoS Information 6.2. Diameter NASREQ with QoS Information Figure 3 shows a similar pre-provisioned QoS signaling as in Figure 2 but using the NASREQ application instead of EAP application. Korhonen, et al. Expires November 27, 2008 [Page 21] Internet-Draft QoS Attributes for Diameter May 2008 End Diameter Host NAS Server | | | | Start Network | | | Attachment | | |<---------------->| | | | | | |AA-Request | | |NASREQ-Payload | | |QoS-Capability | | +----------------------------->| | | | | | AA-Answer| | Result-Code=DIAMETER_MULTI_ROUND_AUTH| | NASREQ-Payload(NASREQ Request #1)| | |<-----------------------------+ | | | | Request | | |<-----------------+ | | | | : : : : <<>> : : : : | Response #N | | +----------------->| | | | | | |AA-Request | | |NASREQ-Payload ( Response #N )| | +----------------------------->| | | | | | AA-Answer| | | Result-Code=DIAMETER_SUCCESS| | | (authorization AVPs)| | |QoS-Resources(QoS-Authorized) | | |<-----------------------------+ | | | | Success | | |<-----------------+ | | | | Figure 3: Example of a Diameter NASREQ enhanced with QoS Information 6.3. QoS Authorization Figure 4 shows an example of authorization only QoS signaling as part of the NASREQ message exchange. The NAS provides the Diameter server with the "QoS-Desired" QoS-Semantics AVP included in the QoS- Resources AVP. The Diameter server then either authorizes the Korhonen, et al. Expires November 27, 2008 [Page 22] Internet-Draft QoS Attributes for Diameter May 2008 indicated QoS or rejects the request and informs the NAS about the result. In this scenario the NAS does not need to include the QoS- Capability AVP in the AAR message as the QoS-Resources AVP implicitly does the same and also the NAS is authorizing a specific QoS profile, not a pre-provisioned one. End Diameter Host NAS Server | | | | | | | QoS Request | | +----------------->| | | | | | |AA-Request | | |Auth-Request-Type=AUTHORIZE_ONLY | |NASREQ-Payload | | |QoS-Resources(QoS-Desired) | | +----------------------------->| | | | | | AA-Answer| | | NASREQ-Payload(Success)| | | QoS-Resources(QoS-Authorized)| | |<-----------------------------+ | Accept | | |<-----------------+ | | | | | | | | | | Figure 4: Example of an Authorization-Only Message Flow 6.4. Diameter Server Initiated Re-authorization of QoS Figure 5 shows a message exchange for a Diameter server initiated QoS re-authorization procedure. The Diameter server sends the NAS a RAR message requesting re-authorization for an existing session and the NAS acknowledges it with a RAA message. The NAS is aware of its existing QoS profile and information for the ongoing session that the Diameter server requested for re-authorization. Thus, the NAS must initiate re-authorization of the existing QoS profile. The re- authorization procedure is the same as in Figure 4. Korhonen, et al. Expires November 27, 2008 [Page 23] Internet-Draft QoS Attributes for Diameter May 2008 End Diameter Host NAS Server | | | | | | : : : : <<>> : : : : | | | | | RA-Request | | |<-----------------------------+ | | | | |RA-Answer | | |Result-Code=DIAMETER_SUCCESS | | +----------------------------->| | | | | | | | |AA-Request | | |NASREQ-Payload | | |Auth-Request-Type=AUTHORIZE_ONLY | |QoS-Resources(QoS-Desired) | | +----------------------------->| | | | | | AA-Answer| | | Result-Code=DIAMETER_SUCCESS| | | (authorization AVPs)| | | QoS-Resources(QoS-Authorized)| | |<-----------------------------+ | | | Figure 5: Example of a Server-initiated Re-Authorization Procedure 6.5. Diameter Credit Control with QoS Information In this case the User is charged as soon as the Service Element (CC client) receives the service request. In this case the client uses the "QoS-Desired" QoS-Semantics parameter in the QoS-Resources AVP that it sends to the Accounitng server. The server responds with a "QoS-Available" QoS-Semantics parameter in the QoS-Resources AVP Korhonen, et al. Expires November 27, 2008 [Page 24] Internet-Draft QoS Attributes for Diameter May 2008 Service Element End User (CC Client) B CC Server | | | | |(1) Service Request | | | |-------------------->| | | | |(2) CCR (event, DIRECT_DEBITING,| | | QoS-Resources[QoS-desired]) | | |-------------------------------->| | |(3) CCA (Granted-Units, QoS- | | | Resources[QoS-Authorized]) | | |<--------------------------------| |(4) Service Delivery | | | |<--------------------| | | |(5) Begin service | | | |<------------------------------------>| | | | | | . . . . . . . . Figure 6: Example for a One-Time Diameter Credit Control Charging Event 6.6. Classifier mapping from IPFilterRule type 6.7. Complex Classifier 7. Acknowledgments We would like to thank Victor Fajardo, Tseno Tsenov, Robert Hancock, Jukka Manner, Cornelia Kappler, Xiaoming Fu, Frank Alfano,Tolga Asveren, Mike Montemurro,Glen Zorn, Avri Doria, Dong Sun, Tina Tsou, Pete McCann, Georgios Karagiannis and Elwyn Davies for their comments. 8. IANA Considerations This specification requests IANA to assignment of new AVPs from the AVP Code namespace defined in RFC 3588 [RFC3588]. Section 3 and Section 5 list the newly defined AVPs. IANA is requested to allocate a registry for the QoS-Semantics. The following values are allocated by this specification. Korhonen, et al. Expires November 27, 2008 [Page 25] Internet-Draft QoS Attributes for Diameter May 2008 (0): QoS-Desired (1): QoS-Available (2): QoS-Reserved (3): Minimum-QoS (4): QoS-Authorized A specification is required to add a new value to the registry. A standards track document is required to depreciate, delete, or modify existing values. 9. Security Considerations This document describes the extension of Diameter for conveying Quality of Service information. The security considerations of the Diameter protocol itself have been discussed in RFC 3588 [RFC3588]. Use of the AVPs defined in this document MUST take into consideration the security issues and requirements of the Diameter Base protocol. 10. References 10.1. Normative References [DSCP] IANA,, "Differentiated Services Field Codepoints", http://www.iana.org/assignments/dscp-registry. [I-D.ietf-dime-qos-parameters] Korhonen, J. and H. Tschofenig, "Quality of Service Parameters for Usage with the AAA Framework", draft-ietf-dime-qos-parameters-03 (work in progress), February 2008. [ICMPTYPE] IANA,, "ICMP Type Numbers", http://www.iana.org/assignments/icmp-parameters. [IPOPTIONS] IANA,, "IP Option Numbers", http://www.iana.org/assignments/ip-parameters. [PROTOCOL] IANA,, "Protocol Types", http://www.iana.org/assignments/protocol-numbers. [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. Korhonen, et al. Expires November 27, 2008 [Page 26] Internet-Draft QoS Attributes for Diameter May 2008 [RFC3588] Calhoun, P., Loughney, J., Guttman, E., Zorn, G., and J. Arkko, "Diameter Base Protocol", RFC 3588, September 2003. [RFC4005] Calhoun, P., Zorn, G., Spence, D., and D. Mitton, "Diameter Network Access Server Application", RFC 4005, August 2005. [TCPOPTIONS] IANA,, "TCP Option Numbers", http://www.iana.org/assignments/tcp-parameters. 10.2. Informative References [I-D.ietf-dime-diameter-qos] Sun, D., McCann, P., Tschofenig, H., Tsou, T., Doria, A., and G. Zorn, "Diameter Quality of Service Application", draft-ietf-dime-diameter-qos-05 (work in progress), February 2008. Authors' Addresses Jouni Korhonen (editor) TeliaSonera Teollisuuskatu 13 Sonera FIN-00051 Finland Email: jouni.korhonen@teliasonera.com Hannes Tschofenig Nokia Siemens Networks Linnoitustie 6 Espoo 02600 Finland Phone: +358 (50) 4871445 Email: Hannes.Tschofenig@gmx.net URI: http://www.tschofenig.priv.at Mayutan Arumaithurai University of Goettingen Email: mayutan.arumaithurai@gmail.com Korhonen, et al. Expires November 27, 2008 [Page 27] Internet-Draft QoS Attributes for Diameter May 2008 Mark Jones Bridgewater Systems 303 Terry Fox Drive Ottawa, Ontario K2K 3J1 Canada Email: mark.jones@bridgewatersystems.com Avi Lior Bridgewater Systems 303 Terry Fox Drive, Suite 500 Ottawa, Ontario Canada K2K 3J1 Phone: +1 613-591-6655 Email: avi@bridgewatersystems.com Korhonen, et al. Expires November 27, 2008 [Page 28] Internet-Draft QoS Attributes for Diameter May 2008 Full Copyright Statement Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2008). 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The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary rights that may cover technology that may be required to implement this standard. Please address the information to the IETF at ietf-ipr@ietf.org. Korhonen, et al. Expires November 27, 2008 [Page 29]