Network Working Group R. Johnson Internet-Draft J. Jumarasamy Expires: April 25, 2007 K. Kinnear M. Stapp Cisco Systems, Inc. October 22, 2006 Subnet Allocation Option draft-ietf-dhc-subnet-alloc-04.txt Status of this Memo By submitting this Internet-Draft, each author represents that any applicable patent or other IPR claims of which he or she is aware have been or will be disclosed, and any of which he or she becomes aware will be disclosed, in accordance with Section 6 of BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet- Drafts. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt. The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html. This Internet-Draft will expire on April 25, 2007. Copyright Notice Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2006). Abstract This document defines a new DHCP option which is passed between the DHCP Client and the DHCP Server to request dynamic allocation of a subnet, give specifications of subnet(s) allocated, and report usage statistics. This memo documents the current usage of the option in agreement with RFC-3942[7], which declares that any pre-existing usages of option numbers in the range 128 - 223 should be documented Johnson, et al. Expires April 25, 2007 [Page 1] Internet-Draft Subnet Allocation Option October 2006 and the working group will try to officially assign those numbers to those options. Table of Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3. Subnet Allocation Option format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.1 Subnet-Request Suboption format . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.2 Subnet-Information Suboption format . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3.2.1 Subnet Prefix Information section format . . . . . . . 7 3.3 Subnet-Name Suboption format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.4 Suggested-Lease-Time Suboption format . . . . . . . . . . 10 4. Requesting allocation of a subnet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 4.1 Client DHCPDISCOVER message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 4.2 Server DHCPOFFER message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 4.3 Client DHCPREQUEST message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 4.4 Server DHCPACK message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 5. Client renewal of subnet lease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 5.1 Client RENEW DHCPREQUEST message . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 5.2 Server RENEW DHCPREQUEST response . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 5.3 Client DHCPRELEASE message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 5.4 Server DHCPFORCE message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 6. Client requesting subnet allocation information . . . . . . . 16 6.1 Client DHCPDISCOVER message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 6.2 Server DHCPOFFER response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 6.3 Client additional DHCPDISCOVER messages . . . . . . . . . 16 6.4 Server additional DHCPOFFER messages . . . . . . . . . . . 17 7. DHCP Server Subnet Allocation method . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 8. Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 8.1 Example 1: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 8.2 Example 2: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 9. Differences with DHCPv6 Prefix Delegation . . . . . . . . . . 24 10. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 11. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 12. Intellectual Property Rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 13. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements . . . . . . . . 29 Johnson, et al. Expires April 25, 2007 [Page 2] Internet-Draft Subnet Allocation Option October 2006 1. Introduction There is a need for a DHCP Client to be able to allocate a subnet from a DHCP Server. Alternate methods of allocation, such as AAA are not appropriate for various reasons and the most straight-forward way to accomplish this allocation is via DHCP. A DHCP option to support this may be utilized by a simple Dialin Aggregation box, or even to implement a Hierarchical chain of DHCP Servers, each one in turn leasing one or more subnets to the next DHCP Server down the chain. This new DHCP option [3], the Subnet Allocation option is specified in such a way as to use one DHCP Option number, while using suboption numbers for each function. The Subnet-Request suboption tells what types of subnets are needed and how many. The Subnet-Information suboption gives the actual subnet number(s) and allows for extra flags to convey additional information about each subnet. The "Subnet-Name" suboption allows a method of passing additional information about the requested subnet(s), such as department name, user name, customer number, etc. The "Suggested-Lease-Time" suboption provides a method for the DHCP Server to suggest a lease time for addresses allocated from the offered subnet. The DHCP Server has the option of not supplying all subnets requested or even returning different sized subnets than were requested. Additionally, usage statistics may be included in RENEW messages from the DHCP Client back to the DHCP Server. Johnson, et al. Expires April 25, 2007 [Page 3] Internet-Draft Subnet Allocation Option October 2006 2. Conventions The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY" and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [1]. This document also uses the following terms: DHCP Client: DHCP Client or "Client" is an Internet host using DHCP to obtain configuration parameters such as a network address. DHCP Server: A DHCP Server or "Server" is an Internet host that returns configuration parameters to DHCP Clients. Johnson, et al. Expires April 25, 2007 [Page 4] Internet-Draft Subnet Allocation Option October 2006 3. Subnet Allocation Option format 0 1 2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Code | Len | Flags | Suboptions ... +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Code = Subnet Allocation option code (1 octet) 220 Len = Length of the entire option including all sub-options and excluding the "Code" and "Len" fields above (1 octet) Flags = Various flags: (None currently defined) One or more sub-options may be specified as described below. 3.1 Subnet-Request Suboption format 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | 1 | Len | Flags |i|h| Prefix | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Len = Length of the suboption excluding the subcode and Len fields (1 octet) Flags = Flags field. (all unused bits MBZ) 'h' '1' = Client will be allocating addresses from this subnet. '0' = Client will be relaying DHCP requests to the Server from this subnet. 'i' '1' = Client is seeking information about previously allocated subnets. '0' = Client is seeking a new subnet allocation. Johnson, et al. Expires April 25, 2007 [Page 5] Internet-Draft Subnet Allocation Option October 2006 Prefix = Size of the subnet needed [6] (number of bits in subnet prefix) (zero (0) means no suggested size is given) (1 octet) The DHCP Server SHOULD NOT include the Subnet Request suboption in any replies to the DHCP Client. Enough information will be present in the Subnet-Information suboption, such that the Subnet Request suboption is not needed in replies to the Client. The DHCP Server SHOULD allocate a subnet with prefix size less than or equal to the size P specified in the request. In other words, a subnet at least the size requested and possibly bigger. The DHCP Server MAY allocate a subnet with a prefix size greater than that specified in the request (subnet of a size smaller than requested), but this is not encouraged. A size P of zero (0) MAY be specified by the DHCP Client. In this case, no suggested size is given. Multiple Subnet-Request suboptions in a DHCP packet indicate that multiple subnets are being requested. Each Subnet-Request suboption MUST result in no more than one (1) Subnet-Information suboption in the DHCPOFFER message from the Server, and may result in zero (0) Subnet-Information suboptions. The Client MAY also include the Subnet-Information suboption in order to request a particular subnet. In this case, the Client SHOULD only include one (1) Subnet-Request suboption, since it would otherwise be unclear which Subnet-Information suboption refered to which Subnet- Request suboption. Multiple subnet requests can be made by sending multiple DHCPDISCOVER packets. Setting the "h" flag to "1" indicates the Client will be allocating addresses from the allocated subnet(s) itself. This can be thought of as a "Hierarchial DHCP" design in that control of allocation for the subnet(s) will be passed to the Client. Setting the "h" flag to "0" indicates the Client wants the DHCP Server to retain control over allocation of addresses from the subnet(s). Any address allocation requests on the subnet will be relayed back to the DHCP Server. Setting the "i" flag to "1" indicates the Client is NOT seeking allocation of any subnets, but is simply seeking information from the Server as to what subnet(s) have been allocated (or reserved) for this Client. If the "i" flag is set to "1", then the "P" field SHOULD be set to "0" and MUST be ignored by the Server. Johnson, et al. Expires April 25, 2007 [Page 6] Internet-Draft Subnet Allocation Option October 2006 3.2 Subnet-Information Suboption format 0 1 2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | 2 | Len | Flags |c|s| SP1, SP2, ... +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Len = Length of the sub-option excluding the Subcode and Len fields (1 octet) Flags = Various flags which apply to ALL Subnet Prefix Information fields specified in this suboption 'c' = Client flag (explained below) 's' = Server flag (explained below) SP1,SP2 = Subnet Prefix information as specified below (variable sized) The "Client flag" ("c") is set to "1" if this Subnet-Information suboption is in response to a Client request for information from the Server as to what subnet(s) have been allocated. This flag is only used in response to a Subnet-Request suboption with the "i" flag set and should be zero (0) otherwise. The "Server flag" ("s") is set to "1" if the Server has additional subnet information for the Client. The Subnet-Information suboption is used by the DHCP Server in order to return information as to what subnets are offered (in the case of a DHCPOFFER packet) or allocated (in the case of a DHCPACK packet). As is indicated above, multiple subnets may be returned in one Subnet-Information suboption. The Subnet-Information suboption is also used by the DHCP Client in order to request allocation of specific subnets in a DHCPREQUEST packet. In this case, the Address, Prefix, and Flags fields MUST NOT be changed from the information which was received in the DHCPOFFER packet from the server. The Client MAY, however, use multiple Subnet-Information suboptions in order to request subnets which were originally specified by the Server inside one Subnet-Information suboption. 3.2.1 Subnet Prefix Information section format Johnson, et al. Expires April 25, 2007 [Page 7] Internet-Draft Subnet Allocation Option October 2006 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Address | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Prefix | Flags |h|d| Stat-len | Optional stats... +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Addr = IPv4 address (4 octets) Prefix = Specifying number of prefix bits in the subnet (1 octet) Flags = Flags field (Undefined bits must be zero) (1 octet) 'd' Flag '1' = Deprecate this subnet. 'h' Flag '1' = Client will be allocating addresses from this subnet. '0' = Client will be relaying DHCP requests to the Server from this subnet. Stat-len = Length of the optional statistics information field The "d" flag may only be returned by the Server to the Client (inside a DHCPACK packet, in response to a DHCP RENEW). It's presence means that the Client should prepare to give up the subnet. For example, if the Client is assigning addresses from this subnet to other clients, it should cease doing so immediately and should not renew any leases when client's ask for renewal. As soon as all addresses in the subnet are unallocated, the Client should send a DHCPRELEASE message to the Server, including a Subnet Prefix Information suboption for the subnet in order to release the subnet. The format of this message is described farther below. The "h" flag tells the Client how the Server intends for the Client to use the allocated subnet. It is interpreted in the same manner as that in the Subnet-Request suboption. In response to a Subnet- Request, the Server should normally specify the "h" flag in the same mannor was it was in the Subnet-Request suboption from the Client. The Server MAY, however, change the "h" flag from that specified in the Subnet-Request suboption if it has been configured to override the Client's request. If any usage statistics information is to be included, then the Johnson, et al. Expires April 25, 2007 [Page 8] Internet-Draft Subnet Allocation Option October 2006 "Stat-len" field specifies the number of bytes of statistics information which is included. See below for more information. If no statistics information is included, then this byte MUST be zero. The "Stat-len" field SHOULD always be zero when this suboption is sent by the DHCP Server. The usage statistics information is intended for use only to report usage statistics from the Client to the Server. 3.2.1.1 Subnet Usage Statistics The Subnet-Information suboption may also include usage statistics information. If this information is included, then the "Stat-len" (Statistics length) field MUST be set to the number of bytes of statistics information which is being included. The statistics information MUST be in the following form and order: 0 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | High water | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Currently in use | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Unusable | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ "High water" refers the to "high water mark" of allocated addresses within the subnet. I.e., the largest number of addresses which were ever allocated at one time from the subnet. "Currently in use" refers to the number of addresses currently allocated in the subnet. "Unusable" refers to the number of addresses which are currently unusable for any reason (such as a client returning a DHCPDECLINE, or finding the address already in use). Additional statistics may be added to this option in the future. If so, they MUST be appended to the end of the option. All statistics fields MUST remain in the same order. Use the all ones value (0xFFFF) in order to skip reporting a number for a particular field. Fewer fields may be included than what is specified in any current RFC, but all fields which are included MUST remain in order specifed here. 3.3 Subnet-Name Suboption format Johnson, et al. Expires April 25, 2007 [Page 9] Internet-Draft Subnet Allocation Option October 2006 0 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | 3 | Len | Name ... +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Len = length of the sub-option excluding the Subcode and Len fields (1 octet) The Subnet-Name suboption may be used in order to pass a subnet name to the server for use during allocation. This name may be used for any purpose but is intended to tell the server something extra about the needed subnet; for example, "sales department", "customer 1002", "address pool FOO", or some such. The "name" should NOT be NULL terminated since the "len" field already specifies the length of the name. The "Name" in this suboption is simply a number of octets and need not be ASCII text. 3.4 Suggested-Lease-Time Suboption format 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | 4 | Len (4) | t1 | t2 | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | t3 | t4 | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Len = length of the sub-option excluding the Subcode and Len fields (always 4 for this suboption) (1 octet) The Suggested-Lease-Time suboption MAY be included by the Server in order to suggest the lease time to be used by the Client when allocating addresses from the subnet allocated. The four (4) octet value of the lease time is in the same format as that of the "IP Address Lease Time" option (option 51), as described in [3]. If included, this suboption MUST appear only once. (Inclusion of multiple such suboptions would result in ambiguity as to which applied to which subnet.) If different suggested lease times are needed, the Server SHOULD, instead, reply with only one offered subnet and should set the "Server flag" in the Subnet-Information suboption to indicate to the Client that it should send another subnet request to gather the others. The Client SHOULD use a lease time, when allocating addresses from the subnet, which is the lesser of the remaining lease time of the subnet itself and the Suggested-Lease-Time suboption. Johnson, et al. Expires April 25, 2007 [Page 10] Internet-Draft Subnet Allocation Option October 2006 4. Requesting allocation of a subnet 4.1 Client DHCPDISCOVER message The DHCP Client creates a DHCPDISCOVER message including the Subnet Allocation option, and its set of suboptions, to request allocation of a subnet. The DHCP Client should include the Subnet-Request suboption, specifying the prefix size of the subnet requested. The "h" bit should be set to "1" if the Client intends to control allocation of addresses within the subnet itself, or "0" if the Server should retain control of addresses within the subnet. More than one Subnet Allocation option may appear in a DHCPDISCOVER message, however the client SHOULD limit the number of requests, noting that the DHCP replies will need to include the Subnet- Information suboption, which takes up more space than the Subnet- Request suboption. If more than one subnet is being requested, multiple Subnet-Request suboptions MAY be included or multiple DHCPDISCOVER messages MAY be sent instead. The prefix size field of each Subnet-Request suboption MUST be either zero (0), or in the range of 1 to 30 inclusive. The DHCP "IP address lease time" option (code 51) MAY be included in the DHCPDISCOVER message to specify the lease time the Client is requesting for the subnet. If not present, no suggested lease time is given. The DHCP "Client ID" option (code 61) MAY be included in the DHCPDISCOVER message as it may be used by the Server in performing the subnet allocation. 4.2 Server DHCPOFFER message Upon receiving a DHCPDISCOVER containing the Subnet Allocation option, the DHCP Server should respond with a DHCPOFFER message including the Subnet-Information suboption in order to specify the subnet(s) which it is willing to allocate to the Client in order to fill the request(s). The Server need not reserve the subnets which are being offered, but SHOULD strive to not offer the same subnets to another DHCP Client until a reasonable time period (implementation dependent) has passed. (This is similar to normal DHCP address allocation.) The Server MUST NOT include the Subnet-Request suboption in the DHCPOFFER. The same information is already present in the Subnet Information suboption(s) which SHOULD be included in the DHCPOFFER. Johnson, et al. Expires April 25, 2007 [Page 11] Internet-Draft Subnet Allocation Option October 2006 The Server SHOULD also include the IP address lease time option (option 51) in the DHCPOFFER message. This gives the lease time for all subnets given in all Subnet-Request suboptions contained in the DHCPOFFER message. The Server MAY also include the Renewal and/or Rebinding options in order to further control the "T1" and "T2" lease timers of the client. There MUST be only one IP address lease time, rebind, and/or renew option in the DHCPOFFER message. The Server MAY set the "Server flag" ("s") to "1" to indicate that it would like to allocate one or more additional subnet(s) to the Client. This indicates that the Client should send another DHCPDISCOVER message specifying a zero prefix size field, P, in order to request the additional subnet allocation(s) information. This may be necessary if the subnets are to be allocated with different lease times, for example. The "Client flag" ("c") MUST be set to zero (0) to indicate this is a Server response to a client request for a new subnet allocation and not a response to a request for information about already allocated subnets. The Server SHOULD set the DHCP yiaddr value to all zeros (0.0.0.0) and the Client MUST ignore fields having to do with address assignment if the packet contains a Subnet Allocation option. In other words, a DHCP packet exchange can not provide subnet allocation and address assignment simultaneously. 4.3 Client DHCPREQUEST message When sending a DHCPREQUEST, the Client MUST NOT modify any fields of all Subnet-Information suboptions received from the Server. However, the Client MAY choose not to include some Subnet-Information suboptions when issuing the DHCPREQUEST. Subnet-Request suboptions MUST NOT be included in the DHCPREQUEST message, only the Subnet- Information suboption(s) should be included. 4.4 Server DHCPACK message The DHCP Server, upon receipt of the Client's DHCPREQUEST message, MAY refuse allocation of any subnets (for example, if they have been allocated elsewhere in the meantime), however since the Server should have set aside the subnets offered for a short period of time, and since the Client should have requested the subnets within a short period of time after receiving the offer(s) from the server(s), this last minute rejection should be rare. The DHCP Server MUST NOT change the subnet address(es) or prefix size(s), however it MAY remove some Subnet-Information suboptions from the list. Johnson, et al. Expires April 25, 2007 [Page 12] Internet-Draft Subnet Allocation Option October 2006 The Server SHOULD include the IP address lease time option specifying the lease period for all subnet(s) in the DHCPACK. All subnets allocated in one DHCP message will have the same lease time and only one IP address lease time option must appear in the DHCP message. If the Server has internal information which states that the Client should be allocated more subnets than were requested, the Server MAY set the "s" bit in the last Subnet-Information suboption to indicate that the Client needs to request more subnets (as described above). The allocable unit is the tuple (subnet-address, prefix-size). Multiple subnets may be allocated in one DHCPACK, however since there can be only one Lease-time option, each subnet allocated is assigned the same lease time. Each subnet lease tuple (subnet-address, prefix-size) MAY be renewed or released individually. Johnson, et al. Expires April 25, 2007 [Page 13] Internet-Draft Subnet Allocation Option October 2006 5. Client renewal of subnet lease 5.1 Client RENEW DHCPREQUEST message The Client MUST renew all subnets allocated with a lease time in much the same manner as renewing an allocated IP address. Renewal timers need not be set in exactly the same manner, however. If Renewal and/or Rebinding options were included in the DHCPACK of the subnet allocation, then these "T1" and "T2" timers should be used just as they would be in the case of address allocation timers. The DHCPREQUEST message MUST include a Subnet-Information suboption for which the Client is seeking renewal of the lease. This Subnet- Information suboption may optionally include subnet usage statistics, as described above w.r.t. the Subnet-Information suboption format. The subnet IP address field (Address) and subnet prefix field (Prefix) MUST agree with the values as they were originally allocated to the Client by the Server. In any of the statistics fields (High, Current, Ususable), a value of all ones (0xffff) SHOULD be used if the Client has no information to report for a statistic. 5.2 Server RENEW DHCPREQUEST response The Server MAY respond to a subnet RENEW with either a DHCPACK or DHCPNAK response. If a DHCPNAK response is given the Client MUST immediately stop using the subnet(s) specified and, if possible, notify all Clients with addresses allocated from this subnet that their addresses are no longer valid. The Client MAY, of course, send a DHCPDISCOVER message containing the Subnet Allocation option and the Subnet-Request suboption in order to acquire another subnet for use. In general, the Server should ask the Client to deprecate subnets by using the "d" bit of the Subnet-Information suboption in a DHCPACK message (see below). If a DHCPACK response is given, the "Deprecate" ("d") bit of the flags field in the Subnet-Information suboption may also be set. This indicates the DHCP Client should "prepare to stop using this subnet". If the Client is allocating IP addresses for other clients from this subnet (e.g. via DHCP), the Client SHOULD immediately stop allocating such addresses. Once all allocated addresses in the subnet have been released, the Client SHOULD send a DHCPRELEASE message, including the Subnet-Information suboption (with optional usage statistics) in order to release the subnet(s) back to the Server. Johnson, et al. Expires April 25, 2007 [Page 14] Internet-Draft Subnet Allocation Option October 2006 5.3 Client DHCPRELEASE message The DHCP Client should send a DHCPRELEASE message in order to release allocated subnet(s) back to the Server when it is finished using them. This message MUST NOT include the Subnet-Request suboption, but MUST include one or more Subnet-Information suboptions, and optionally including usage statistics. The Client MUST release the same subnet(s) of the same prefix size (Prefix), as was originally allocated. The Client MAY release a subset of the subnets which were allocated originally. In other words, the allocable unit is the tuple (subnet address, prefix size). Multiple subnets may be allocated in one DHCPACK, however each subnet MAY be released individually. 5.4 Server DHCPFORCE message The DHCP Server may issue a DHCPFORCE [8] message containing the Subnet Allocation option and the Subnet-Information suboption. This message effectively immediately times out the Client's lease(s) for the allocated subnet(s). Upon receiving this message, the DHCP Client MUST issue a DHCPREQUEST message to the DHCP Server in order to renew the lease on the subnet mentioned. No other subnets allocated to the Client are effected. As is the case with all DHCP RENEW messages, the Client may include subnet usage information in the Subnet-Information suboption in order to report subnet usage statistics, or set the "Stat-len" field to zero (0) if no statistics are to be reported. If the Server responds to this DHCPREQUEST with a DHCPNAK message, then the Client MUST immediately stop using the subnet(s) and, if possible, notify all Clients with addresses allocated from this/these subnet(s) that their addresses are no longer valid. The Client MAY, of course, send a DHCPDISCOVER message containing the Subnet Allocation option and the Subnet-Request suboption in order to acquire another subnet for use. Johnson, et al. Expires April 25, 2007 [Page 15] Internet-Draft Subnet Allocation Option October 2006 6. Client requesting subnet allocation information The DHCP Client may request from the DHCP Server a list of what subnets are currently allocated to Client. This may be used to recover from a restart if the Client does not have local storage in order to retain the information itself. 6.1 Client DHCPDISCOVER message The DHCP Client DHCPDISCOVER message, in order to discover already allocated subnet information, should contain a Subnet-Request suboption, with the "Prefix" field set to zero (0) and with the "i" flag set to "1" to indicate that the Client is seeking already allocated subnet information from the Server. No Subnet-Information suboptions should be included in this message. This DHCPDISCOVER message MAY be unicast to a particular DHCP Server, or broadcast in the normal fashion. 6.2 Server DHCPOFFER response Any DHCP Server which has allocated subnets to the Client should respond to the DHCPDISCOVER message with a DHCPOFFER message The DHCPOFFER message should contain one or more Subnet-Information suboption(s) telling the subnet address(es) and prefix(es) of the subnet(s) allocated to the Client. The Server SHOULD, internally, retain an ordered list of subnets which are allocated to each Client. The subnet(s) information returned in the DHCPOFFER message are the first subnet(s) from this list. If the end of the list has been reached, then the "s" bit of the last Subnet-Information suboption included in the message hould be set to "0". If there are more subnets in the list, the "s" bit should be set to "1". to indicate to the Client that more information is available. If this is the initial DHCPOFFER to the client, the "c" flag should be set to "1". 6.3 Client additional DHCPDISCOVER messages The Client, upon receiving any Server DHCPOFFER messages containing Subnet Information suboption information with the "c" ("Client") bit set, should gather the subnet address and prefix information from the message. If the "s" bit is set in the last of the Subnet-Information suboptions included in the message, then the client SHOULD construct a new DHCPDISCOVER message containing the Subnet Allocation option and the last Subnet-Information suboption from the Server's message, Johnson, et al. Expires April 25, 2007 [Page 16] Internet-Draft Subnet Allocation Option October 2006 and send this message back to the same DHCP Server originating the DHCPOFFER message. The "c" and "s" bits MUST retain the same settings they had from the Server's DHCPOFFER message and the subnet address ("A") and prefix size ("P") fields MUST be unaltered as well. If the "s" bit in all of the Subnet-Information suboptions from the Server was "0", then it indicates the Server has no more information about subnets allocated to the Client. 6.4 Server additional DHCPOFFER messages The Server, upon receiving a DHCPDISCOVER message from a Client containing a Subnet Information suboption with the "c" and the "s" bits set, MUST use the subnet address ("A") and prefix size ("P") fields in order to locate the position in the internal table of allocated subnets for this Client, and then return an DHCPOFFER message containing a Subnet-Information suboption giving information about the next set of subnets allocated to this Client. If this finishes the list in the table for this Client, then the "s" bit MUST be set to "0" to indicate there is no more information. Johnson, et al. Expires April 25, 2007 [Page 17] Internet-Draft Subnet Allocation Option October 2006 7. DHCP Server Subnet Allocation method The actual method of allocating subnets on the DHCP Server, as well as the configuration of what networks may be subnetted and how, is left up to the implementation. Johnson, et al. Expires April 25, 2007 [Page 18] Internet-Draft Subnet Allocation Option October 2006 8. Examples Only the Subnet Allocation option and accompanying suboptions are displayed in these examples. All other fields in the DHCP messages are described in [2]. 8.1 Example 1: DHCP Client requesting a subnet with prefix size 24 from which the Client will allocate addresses to other clients. The Server responds with allocation of exactly the size requested: Client sends DHCPDISCOVER including the Subnet Allocation option with the Subnet-Request suboption: +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | 220 | 5 | 0 | 1 | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | 2 | 0 |0|0| 24 | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Server responds with DHCPOFFER including Subnet Allocation option with a Subnet-Information suboption, offering the subnet 10.0.1.0/24. +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | 220 | 11 | 0 | 2 | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | 8 | 0 |0|0| 10 | 0 | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | 1 | 0 | 24 | |0|0| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | 0 | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Client sends DHCPREQUEST including Subnet Allocation option with Subnet-Information suboption: +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | 220 | 11 | 0 | 2 | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | 8 | 0 |0|0| 10 | 0 | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | 1 | 0 | 24 | |0|0| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | 0 | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Server responds with DHCPACK including Subnet Allocation option with Johnson, et al. Expires April 25, 2007 [Page 19] Internet-Draft Subnet Allocation Option October 2006 Subnet-Information suboption: +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | 220 | 11 | 0 | 2 | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | 8 | 0 |0|0| 10 | 0 | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | 1 | 0 | 24 | |0|0| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | 0 | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Later Client sends DHCPRELEASE including Subnet Allocation option with Subnet-Information suboption: +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | 220 | 11 | 0 | 2 | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | 8 | 0 |0|0| 10 | 0 | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | 1 | 0 | 24 | |0|0| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | 0 | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ 8.2 Example 2: DHCP Client requesting two subnets, each with prefix size 24: Client sends DHCPDISCOVER including the Subnet Allocation option with the Subnet-Request suboption: +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | 220 | 9 | 0 | 1 | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | 2 | 0 |0|0| 24 | 1 | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | 2 | 0 |0|0| 24 | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Server responds with DHCPOFFER including Subnet Allocation option with Subnet-Information suboption: DHCPOFFER includes 1 subnet of size 24 and 1 subnet of size 28. Johnson, et al. Expires April 25, 2007 [Page 20] Internet-Draft Subnet Allocation Option October 2006 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | 220 | 18 | 0 | 2 | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | 15 | |0|0| 10 | 0 | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | 2 | 0 | 24 | |0|0| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | 0 | 10 | 0 | 3 | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | 0 | 28 | |0|0| 0 | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Client sends DHCPREQUEST including Subnet Allocation option with Subnet-Information suboption: Client decides that the subnet of size 28 is not sufficient so doesn't include it into the DHCPREQUEST message. +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | 220 | 11 | 0 | 2 | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | 8 | |0|0| 10 | 0 | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | 2 | 0 | 24 | |0|0| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | 0 | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Server responds with DHCPACK including Subnet Allocation option with Subnet-Information suboption: +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | 220 | 11 | 0 | 2 | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | 8 | |0|0| 10 | 0 | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | 2 | 0 | 24 | |0|0| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | 0 | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Later Client sends DHCPREQUEST message in order to renew the lease on the one subnet, including subnet usage information. It reports that a maximum of 10 addresses were allocated from the subnet since the last report, 7 addresses are currently allocated, and 2 addresses were found to be unusable. Johnson, et al. Expires April 25, 2007 [Page 21] Internet-Draft Subnet Allocation Option October 2006 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | 220 | 17 | 0 | 2 | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | 14 | |0|0| 10 | 0 | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | 2 | 0 | 24 | |0|0| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | 6 | 0 | 10 | 0 | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | 7 | 0 | 2 | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Server responds with DHCPACK, however signals Client that the subnet should be deprecated. +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | 220 | 11 | 0 | 2 | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | 8 | |0|0| 10 | 0 | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | 2 | 0 | 24 | |0|1| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | 0 | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Client reloads at this point and upon completion of the reload sends a DHCPDISCOVER asking for information about all subnets which were allocated to it. +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | 220 | 5 | 0 | 1 | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | 2 | |1|0| 0 | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Server responds with a DHCPOFFER, giving the subnet information of the one subnet which is allocated to the Client. Also the Server specifies that the one allocated subnet should be immediately deprecated. Note that the "s" ("Server") bit is zero (0) thus indicating that there is no more information available for this Client. Johnson, et al. Expires April 25, 2007 [Page 22] Internet-Draft Subnet Allocation Option October 2006 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | 220 | 11 | 0 | 2 | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | 8 | |1|0| 10 | 0 | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | 2 | 0 | 24 | |0|1| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | 0 | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Client responds with DHCPRELEASE message after having deprecated the subnet: +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | 220 | 11 | 0 | SIS | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | 8 | |0|0| 10 | 0 | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | 2 | 0 | 24 | |0|0| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | 0 | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Johnson, et al. Expires April 25, 2007 [Page 23] Internet-Draft Subnet Allocation Option October 2006 9. Differences with DHCPv6 Prefix Delegation The following differences may be noticed between Subnet Allocation as described in this document and DHCPv6 Prefix Delegation as described in [5]: o This option does not use anything like an "IA_PD" as is used in DHCPv6. o If the Server can not allocate a subnet, it remains silent, instead of returning a special response saying nothing is available. o DHCPv6 Prefix Delegation has no mechanism for returning subnet/ prefix usage statistics. o DHCPv6 has no equivalent to the "subnet deprecation" flag as described here. o DHCPv6 Prefix Delegation makes no mention of what Client actions should result from receiving a DHCPNAK during a RENEW of a delegation. o DHCPv6 has no equivalent of the subnet allocation "Network name" suboption, which may be used by the Server for various purposes, such as to specify a pool to use when allocating a subnet. o DHCPv6 Prefix Delegation corresponds to "Hierarchical Subnet Allocation" (setting the "h" flag in the Prefix Information suboption). There is no V6 equivalent of clearing the "h" flag, in which the Server retains authority over allocation of addresses from the subnet. o DHCPv6 Prefix Delegation has nothing to correspond to the Suggested-Lease-Time suboption. Johnson, et al. Expires April 25, 2007 [Page 24] Internet-Draft Subnet Allocation Option October 2006 10. Security Considerations Potential exposures to attack are discussed in section 7 of the DHCP protocol specification [2]. The Subnet Allocation option can be used to hoard all allocable subnets on a network. It is suggested that DHCP Authentication be used with this option. Message authentication in DHCP for intradomain use where the out-of- band exchange of a shared secret is feasible is defined in RFC 3118 [4]. Potential exposures to attack are discussed in section 7 of the DHCP protocol specification in RFC 2131 [2]. Johnson, et al. Expires April 25, 2007 [Page 25] Internet-Draft Subnet Allocation Option October 2006 11. IANA Considerations This option is in current usage with the number 220. As per RFC- 3942, this already existing number assignment should simply be made "official" by IANA, unless there is a conflict with some other usage. No assignment of values for the suboption codes need be made at this time. New values may only be defined by IETF Consensus, as described in [5]. Basically, this means that they are defined by RFCs approved by the IESG. Johnson, et al. Expires April 25, 2007 [Page 26] Internet-Draft Subnet Allocation Option October 2006 12. Intellectual Property Rights The IETF has been notified of intellectual property rights claimed in regard to some or all of the specification contained in this document. For more information consult the online list of claimed rights. 13. References [1] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", RFC 2119, BCP 14, March 1997. [2] Droms, R., "Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol", RFC 2131, March 1997. [3] Droms, R. and S. Alexander, "DHCP Options and BOOTP Vendor Extensions", RFC 2132, March 1997. [4] Droms, R., "Authentication for DHCP Messages", RFC 3118, June 2001. [5] Troan, O. and R. Droms, "IPv6 Prefix Options for DHCPv6", RFC 3633, February 2003. [6] Pummill, T. and B. Manning, "Variable Length Subnet Table For IPv4", RFC 1878, December 1995. [7] Volz, B., "Reclassifying Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol version 4 (DHCPv4) Options", RFC 3942, November 2004. [8] T'Joens, Y., Hublet, C., and P. De Schrijver, "DHCP reconfigure extension", RFC 3203, December 2001. Authors' Addresses Richard A. Johnson Cisco Systems, Inc. 170 W. Tasman Dr. San Jose, CA 95134 US Phone: +1 408 526 4000 Email: raj@cisco.com Johnson, et al. Expires April 25, 2007 [Page 27] Internet-Draft Subnet Allocation Option October 2006 Jay Kumarasamy Cisco Systems, Inc. 170 W. Tasman Dr. San Jose, CA 95134 US Phone: +1 408 526 4000 Email: jayk@cisco.com Kim Kinnear Cisco Systems, Inc. 170 W. Tasman Dr. San Jose, CA 95134 US Phone: +1 408 526 4000 Email: kkinnear@cisco.com Mark Stapp Cisco Systems, Inc. 170 W. Tasman Dr. San Jose, CA 95134 US Phone: +1 408 526 4000 Email: mjs@cisco.com Johnson, et al. Expires April 25, 2007 [Page 28] Internet-Draft Subnet Allocation Option October 2006 Intellectual Property Statement The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any Intellectual Property Rights or other rights that might be claimed to pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in this document or the extent to which any license under such rights might or might not be available; nor does it represent that it has made any independent effort to identify any such rights. Information on the procedures with respect to rights in RFC documents can be found in BCP 78 and BCP 79. Copies of IPR disclosures made to the IETF Secretariat and any assurances of licenses to be made available, or the result of an attempt made to obtain a general license or permission for the use of such proprietary rights by implementers or users of this specification can be obtained from the IETF on-line IPR repository at http://www.ietf.org/ipr. The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary rights that may cover technology that may be required to implement this standard. Please address the information to the IETF at ietf-ipr@ietf.org. Disclaimer of Validity This document and the information contained herein are provided on an "AS IS" basis and THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Copyright Statement Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2006). This document is subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions contained in BCP 78, and except as set forth therein, the authors retain all their rights. Acknowledgment Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the Internet Society. Johnson, et al. Expires April 25, 2007 [Page 29]