Network Working Group A. Petersson Internet-Draft M. Nilsson Intended status: Standards Track Opera Software Expires: February 14, 2013 August 13, 2012 Forwarded HTTP Extension draft-ietf-appsawg-http-forwarded-07 Abstract This document standardizes an HTTP extension header field that allows proxy components to disclose information lost in the proxying process, for example, the originating IP address of a request or IP address of the proxy on the user-agent-facing interface. Given a trusted path of proxying components, this makes it possible to arrange it so that each subsequent component will have access to, for example, all IP addresses used in the chain of proxied HTTP requests. This document also specifies guidelines for a proxy administrator to anonymize the origin of a request. Status of this Memo This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet- Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." This Internet-Draft will expire on February 14, 2013. Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2012 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents Petersson & Nilsson Expires February 14, 2013 [Page 1] Internet-Draft Forwarded HTTP Extension August 2012 carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License. Petersson & Nilsson Expires February 14, 2013 [Page 2] Internet-Draft Forwarded HTTP Extension August 2012 Table of Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2. Notational Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3. Syntax Notations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4. Forwarded HTTP Header Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 5. Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 5.1. Forwarded By . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 5.2. Forwarded For . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 5.3. Forwarded Host . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 5.4. Forwarded Proto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 5.5. Extensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 6. Node Identifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 6.1. IPv4 and IPv6 Identifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 6.2. The "unknown" Identifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 6.3. Obfuscated Identifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 7. Implementation Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 7.1. HTTP Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 7.2. Header Field Preservation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 7.3. Relation to Via . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 7.4. Transition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 7.5. Example Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 8. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 8.1. Header Validity and Integrity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 8.2. Information Leak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 8.3. Privacy Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 9. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 10. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 10.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 10.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Appendix A. Change Log (to be removed by RFC Editor before publication) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 A.1. Since draft-petersson-forwarded-for-00 . . . . . . . . . . 15 A.2. Since draft-petersson-forwarded-for-01 . . . . . . . . . . 15 A.3. Since draft-petersson-forwarded-for-02 . . . . . . . . . . 15 A.4. Since draft-ietf-appsawg-http-forwarded-00 . . . . . . . . 16 A.5. Since draft-ietf-appsawg-http-forwarded-01 . . . . . . . . 16 A.6. Since draft-ietf-appsawg-http-forwarded-02 . . . . . . . . 16 A.7. Since draft-ietf-appsawg-http-forwarded-03 . . . . . . . . 17 A.8. Since draft-ietf-appsawg-http-forwarded-04 . . . . . . . . 17 A.9. Since draft-ietf-appsawg-http-forwarded-05 . . . . . . . . 17 A.10. Since draft-ietf-appsawg-http-forwarded-06 . . . . . . . . 17 Appendix B. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Petersson & Nilsson Expires February 14, 2013 [Page 3] Internet-Draft Forwarded HTTP Extension August 2012 1. Introduction In today's HTTP landscape, there are a multitude of different applications that act as proxies for the user agents, providing features such as caching, content filtering, content compression, crypto offload, and load balancing. However, these proxies make the requests appear as if they originated from the proxy's IP address or in other ways change the information in the original request. As most of the time this loss of information is not the primary purpose, or even a desired effect, a way of disclosing the original information at the HTTP level is needed, instead of relying on the transport layer for this functionality. In addition to the aforementioned problems, there may also be issues due to the use of NAT. This is further discussed in [RFC6269]. A common way to disclose this information is by using the non- standard header fields such as X-Forwarded-For, X-Forwarded-By, and X-Forwarded-Proto. This document standardizes a header field, "Forwarded" and provides the syntax and semantics for disclosing such information. "Forwarded" also combines all the information within one single header field, making it possible to correlate that information. With the header field format described in this document, it is possible to know what information belongs together, as long as the proxies are trusted. Such conclusions are not possible to make with the X-Forwarded class of header fields. This also adds new features for which real life deployments have shown a need. 2. Notational Conventions The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119]. 3. Syntax Notations This specification uses the Augmented Backus-Naur Form (ABNF) notation of [RFC5234] with the list rule extension defined in Section 3.2.5 of [I-D.ietf-httpbis-p1-messaging]. 4. Forwarded HTTP Header Field The "Forwarded" HTTP header field is an OPTIONAL header field that, Petersson & Nilsson Expires February 14, 2013 [Page 4] Internet-Draft Forwarded HTTP Extension August 2012 when used, contains a list of parameter-identifier pairs that disclose information that is altered or lost when a proxy is involved in the path of the request. "Forwarded" is only for use in HTTP requests and is not to be used in HTTP responses. This applies to forwarding proxies, as well as reverse proxies. Information passed in this header can be, for example, the source IP address of the request, the IP address of the incoming interface on the proxy, or whether HTTP or HTTPS was used. If the request is passing through several proxies, each proxy can add a set of parameters; it can also remove earlier added Forwarded-header fields. The top-level list is represented as a list of HTTP header field- values as defined in Section 3.2 of [I-D.ietf-httpbis-p1-messaging]. The first element in this list holds information added by the first proxy that implements and uses this header field, and each subsequent element holds information added by each subsequent proxy. Because this header field is optional, any proxy in the chain may choose not to update this header field. Each field-value is a semicolon- separated list; this sub-list consists of parameter-identifier pairs. Parameter-identifier pairs are grouped together by an equals sign. Each parameter MUST NOT occur more than once per field-value. The parameter names are case-insensitive. The header field value can be defined in augmented BNF syntax as: Forwarded = 1#forwarded-element forwarded-element = [ forwarded-pair ] *( ";" [ forwarded-pair ] ) forwarded-pair = token "=" value value = token / quoted-string token = quoted-string = Examples: Forwarded: For="[2001:db8:cafe::17]:4711" Forwarded: for=192.0.2.60;proto=http;by=203.0.113.43 Forwarded: for=192.0.2.43, for=198.51.100.17 Note that as ":" and "[]" are not valid characters in "token", IPv6 addresses are written as "quoted-string". A proxy server that wants to add a new "Forwarded" header field value Petersson & Nilsson Expires February 14, 2013 [Page 5] Internet-Draft Forwarded HTTP Extension August 2012 can either append it to the last existing "Forwarded" header field after a comma separator or add a new field at the end of the header block. A proxy MAY remove all "Forwarded" header fields from a request. It MUST, however, ensure that the correct header field is updated in case of multiple "Forwarded" header fields. 5. Parameters This document specifies a number of parameters and valid values for each of them: o "by" identifies the user-agent facing interface of the proxy. o "for" identifies the node making the request to the proxy. o "host" is the host request header-field as received by the proxy. o "proto" indicates what protocol was used to make the request. 5.1. Forwarded By The "by" parameter is used to disclose the interface where the request came in to the proxy server. Typically, the value of this parameter is an IP address and optionally a port number; however, it can also be some other kind of identifier (see Section 6.2 and Section 6.3, below). The syntax of a "by" value, after potential quoted-string unescaping, conforms to the "node" ABNF described in Section 6. This is primarily added by reverse proxies that wish to forward this information to the backend server. It can also be interesting in a multi-homed environment to signal to backend servers where the request came from. 5.2. Forwarded For The "for" parameter is used to disclose information about the client that initiated the request and following proxies in a chain of proxies. Typically, the value of this parameter is an IP address, but it can also be some other kind of identifier (see Section 6.2 and Section 6.3, below). The syntax of a "for" value, after potential quoted-string unescaping, conforms to the "node" ABNF described in Section 6. In a chain of proxy servers where this is fully utilized, the first Petersson & Nilsson Expires February 14, 2013 [Page 6] Internet-Draft Forwarded HTTP Extension August 2012 for-parameter will disclose the client where the request was first made, followed by any subsequent proxy identifiers. The last proxy in the chain is not part of the list of for-parameters. The last proxy's IP address, and optionally a port number, are, however, readily available as the remote IP address at the transport layer. It can, however, be more relevant to read information about the last proxy from preceding "Forwarded" header field's by-parameter, if present. 5.3. Forwarded Host The "host" parameter is used to forward the original value of the "Host" header field. This can be used, for example, by the origin server if a reverse proxy is rewriting the "Host" header field to some internal host name. The syntax for a "host" value, after potential quoted-string unescaping, MUST conform to the Host ABNF described in Section 5.4 of [I-D.ietf-httpbis-p1-messaging]. 5.4. Forwarded Proto The "proto" parameter has the value of the used protocol type. The syntax of a "proto" value, after potential quoted-string unescaping, MUST conform to the URI scheme name as defined in Section 3.1 in [RFC3986] and registered to IANA according to [RFC4395]. Typical values are "http" or "https". For example, in an environment where a reverse proxy is also used as a crypto offloader, this allows the origin server to rewrite URLs in a document to match the type of connection as the user agent requested, even though all connections to the origin server are unencrypted HTTP. 5.5. Extensions Extensions allow for additional parameters and values. Extensions can be particularly useful in reverse proxy environments. All extension parameters SHOULD be registered in the "HTTP Forwarded Parameter" registry. If certain extensions are expected to have widespread deployment, they SHOULD also be standardized. This is further discussed in Section 9. 6. Node Identifiers The node identifier is one of the following: Petersson & Nilsson Expires February 14, 2013 [Page 7] Internet-Draft Forwarded HTTP Extension August 2012 o The client's IP address, with an optional port number o A token indicating that the IP address of the client is not known to the proxy server o A generated token, allowing for tracing and debugging, while allowing the internal structure or sensitive information to be hidden The node identifier is defined by the augmented BNF syntax as: node = nodename [ ":" node-port ] nodename = IPv4address / "[" IPv6address "]" / "unknown" / obfnode IPv4address = IPv6address = obfnode = "_" 1*( ALPHA / DIGIT / "." / "_" / "-") node-port = port / obfport port = 1*5DIGIT obfport = "_" 1*(ALPHA / DIGIT / "." / "_" / "-") DIGIT = ALPHA = Each of the identifiers may optionally have the port identifier, for example, allowing the identification of the end point in a NATted environment. The "node-port" can be identified either by its port number or by a generated token obfuscating the real port number. An obfuscated port may be used in situations where the possessor of the proxy wants the ability to trace requests -- for example, in debug purposes -- but does not want to reveal internal information. Note that the ABNF above also allows port numbers to be appended to the the "unknown" identifier. Interpretation of such notation is, however, left to the possessor of a proxy adding such a value to the header field. To distinguish an "obfport" from a port, the "obfport" MUST have a leading underscore. Further, it MUST also consist of only "ALPHA", "DIGIT", and the characters ".", "_" and "-". It is important to note that an IPv6 address and any nodename with node-port specified MUST be quoted, since ":" is not an allowed character in "token". Examples: "192.0.2.43:47011" Petersson & Nilsson Expires February 14, 2013 [Page 8] Internet-Draft Forwarded HTTP Extension August 2012 "[2001:db8:cafe::17]:47011" 6.1. IPv4 and IPv6 Identifiers The ABNF rules for "IPv6address" and "IPv4address" are defined in [RFC3986] The "IPv6address" SHOULD comply with textual representation recommendations [RFC5952] (for example, lowercase, compression of zeros). Note that the IP address may be one from the internal nets, as defined in [RFC1918] and [RFC4193]. Also, note that an IPv6 address is always enclosed in square brackets. 6.2. The "unknown" Identifier The "unknown" identifier is used when the identity of the preceding entity is not known, but the proxy server still wants to signal that a forwarding of the request was made. One example would be a proxy server process generating an outgoing request without direct access to the incoming request TCP socket. 6.3. Obfuscated Identifier A generated identifier may be used where there is a wish to keep the internal IP addresses secret, while still allowing the "Forwarded" header field to be used for tracing and debugging. This can also be useful if the proxy uses some sort of interface labels and it is desired to pass them rather than an IP address. The identifiers can be randomly generated for each request and do not need to be statically assigned to resources. To distinguish the obfuscated identifier from other identifiers, it MUST have a leading underscore "_". Furthermore, it MUST also consist of only "ALPHA", "DIGIT" and the characters ".", "_" and "-". Example: Forwarded: for=_hidden, for=_SEVKISEK 7. Implementation Considerations 7.1. HTTP Lists Note that an HTTP list allows white spaces to occur between the identifiers, and the list may be split over multiple header fields. As an example, the header field Forwarded: for=192.0.2.43,for="[2001:db8:cafe::17]",for=unknown is equivalent to the header field Petersson & Nilsson Expires February 14, 2013 [Page 9] Internet-Draft Forwarded HTTP Extension August 2012 Forwarded: for=192.0.2.43, for="[2001:db8:cafe::17]", for=unknown which is equivalent to the header fields Forwarded: for=192.0.2.43 Forwarded: for="[2001:db8:cafe::17]", for=unknown 7.2. Header Field Preservation There are some cases when this header field should be kept and some cases where it should not be kept. A directly forwarded request should preserve and possibly extend it. If a single incoming request causes the proxy to make multiple outbound requests, special care must be taken to decide whether the header field should be preserved or not. In many cases the header field should be preserved, but if the outbound request is not a direct consequence of the incoming request, the header field should not be preserved. Consider also the case when a proxy has detected a content mismatch in a 304 response and is following the instructions in [I-D.ietf-httpbis-p4-conditional] Section 4.1 to repeat the request unconditionally, in which case the new request is still basically a direct consequence of the origin request, and the header should probably be kept. 7.3. Relation to Via The "Via" header field [I-D.ietf-httpbis-p4-conditional] Section 6.2 is a header field with similar use case as this header field. The "Via" header field, however, only provides information about the proxy itself, and is thereby leaving out the information about the client connecting to the proxy server. The "Forwarded" header field, on the other hand, has relaying information from the client facing side of the proxy server as its main purpose. As "Via" is already widely deployed, its format can not be changed to address the problems that "Forwarded" addresses. Note that it is not possible to combine information from this header field with the information from the Via header field. Some proxies will not update the "Forwarded" header field, some proxies will not update the Via header field, and some proxies will update both. 7.4. Transition If a proxy gets incoming requests with X-Forwarded-* header fields present, it is encouraged to convert these into the header field described in this document, if it can be done in a sensible way. If the request only contains one type -- for example, X-Forwarded-For -- this can be translated to "Forwarded", by prepending each element Petersson & Nilsson Expires February 14, 2013 [Page 10] Internet-Draft Forwarded HTTP Extension August 2012 with "for=". Note that IPv6 addresses may not be quoted in X-Forwarded-For, but they are quoted in "Forwarded". X-Forwarded-For: 192.0.2.43, [2001:db8:cafe::17] becomes: Forwarded: for=192.0.2.43, for="[2001:db8:cafe::17]" Special care must, however, be taken if, for example, both X-Forwarded-For and X-Forwarded-By exist. In such cases, it may not be possible to do a conversion, since it is not possible to know in which order the already existing fields were added. Also, note that removing the X-Forwarded-For header field may cause issues for parties that have not yet implemented support for this new header field. 7.5. Example Usage A request from a client with IP address 192.0.2.43 passes through a proxy with IP address 198.51.100.17, then through another proxy with IP address 203.0.113.60 before reaching a origin server. This could, for example, be an office client behind a corporate malware filter talking to a origin server through a reverse proxy. o The HTTP request between the client and the first proxy has no "Forwarded" header field. o The HTTP request between the first and second proxy has a "Forwarded: for=192.0.2.43" header field. o The HTTP request between the second proxy and the origin server has a "Forwarded: for=192.0.2.43, for=198.51.100.17;by=203.0.113.60;proto=http;host=example.com" header field. Note that, at some points in a connection chain, the information might not be updated in the "Forwarded" header field, either because of lack of support of this HTTP extension or because of a policy decision not to disclose information about this network component. 8. Security Considerations 8.1. Header Validity and Integrity The "Forwarded" HTTP header field cannot be relied upon to be correct, as it may be modified, whether mistakenly or for malicious Petersson & Nilsson Expires February 14, 2013 [Page 11] Internet-Draft Forwarded HTTP Extension August 2012 reasons, by every node on the way to the server, including the client making the request. One approach is to verify the correctness of proxies and to whitelist them as trusted. This approach has at least two weaknesses. First, the chain of IP addresses listed before the request came to the proxy cannot be trusted. Second, unless the communication between proxies and the end point is secured, the data can be modified by an attacker with access to the network. 8.2. Information Leak The "Forwarded" HTTP header field can reveal internal structures of the network setup behind the NAT or proxy setup, which may be undesired. This can be addressed either by using obfuscated elements, preventing the internal nodes from updating the HTTP header field, or by having an egress proxy removing entries that reveals internal network information. This header field should never be copied into response messages by origin servers or intermediaries, as it can reveal the whole proxy chain to the client. As a side effect, special care must be taken in hosting environments not to allow the TRACE request where the "Forwarded" field is used, as it would appear in the body of the response message. 8.3. Privacy Considerations In recent years, there have been growing concerns about privacy. There is a trade-off between ensuring privacy for users versus disclosing information that is useful, for example for debugging, statistics and generating location-dependent content. The "Forwarded" HTTP header field, by design, exposes information that some users consider privacy sensitive, in order to allow for such uses. Proxies using this extension will preserve the information of a direct connection. This has an end-user privacy impact regardless of whether the end-user or deployer knows or expects that this is the case. Implementers and deployers of such proxies need to consider whether, and how, deploying this extension affects user privacy. Note that users' IP addresses may already be forwarded by proxies using the header field X-Forwarded-For, which is widely used. Petersson & Nilsson Expires February 14, 2013 [Page 12] Internet-Draft Forwarded HTTP Extension August 2012 A proxy that needs the ability to trace the source of requests, but does not want to leak the information further, can obfuscate the client address. When generating such tokens, care must be taken not to include potentially sensitive information in the token. When using such tokens, a static token per user would increase the possibility for external organizations to track separate users. It is therefore recommended to limit the lifetime of a token. 9. IANA Considerations This document specifies the HTTP header listed below, which should be added to the permanent HTTP header registry defined in [RFC3864]. Header field: Forwarded Applicable protocol: http Status: standard Author/Change controller: IETF (iesg@ietf.org) Internet Engineering Task Force Specification document(s): this specification (Section 4) Related information: None The "Forwarded" header field contains parameters for which IANA is to create and maintain a new registry entiteled "HTTP Forwarded parameters". Initial registrations are given below; for future assignments, specification is required [RFC5226]. The author should consider security- and privacy aspects and, if there are any, include such sections in the specification. New parameters and their values MUST conform the forwarded-pair as defined in ABNF in Section 4. Further, a short description should be provided in the registration. To keep the registration process uncomplicated and to encourage parameters that are in use to be registered, the designated expert should set a low bar for new registrations, confirming mostly that the specification is reasonably stable, readily available, and sufficient to create interoperable implementations. The parameter name ought to make sense for the requested usage, being short but sufficiently specific. The specification needs to comply with this document and the general HTTP specifications, and should address security and privacy implications of the requested parameter. Petersson & Nilsson Expires February 14, 2013 [Page 13] Internet-Draft Forwarded HTTP Extension August 2012 +-------------+---------------------------------------+-------------+ | Parameter | Description | Definition | | name | | | +-------------+---------------------------------------+-------------+ | by | IP-address of incoming interface of a | Section 5.1 | | | proxy | | | for | IP-address of client making a request | Section 5.2 | | | through a proxy | | | host | Host header field of the incoming | Section 5.3 | | | request | | | proto | Application protocol used for | Section 5.4 | | | incoming request | | +-------------+---------------------------------------+-------------+ Table 1: Initial assignments 10. References 10.1. Normative References [I-D.ietf-httpbis-p1-messaging] Fielding, R., Lafon, Y., and J. Reschke, "HTTP/1.1, part 1: URIs, Connections, and Message Parsing", draft-ietf-httpbis-p1-messaging-19 (work in progress), March 2012. [I-D.ietf-httpbis-p4-conditional] Fielding, R., Lafon, Y., and J. Reschke, "HTTP/1.1, part 4: Conditional Requests", draft-ietf-httpbis-p4-conditional-19 (work in progress), March 2012. [RFC1918] Rekhter, Y., Moskowitz, R., Karrenberg, D., Groot, G., and E. Lear, "Address Allocation for Private Internets", BCP 5, RFC 1918, February 1996. [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. [RFC3864] Klyne, G., Nottingham, M., and J. Mogul, "Registration Procedures for Message Header Fields", BCP 90, RFC 3864, September 2004. [RFC3986] Berners-Lee, T., Fielding, R., and L. Masinter, "Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax", STD 66, RFC 3986, January 2005. Petersson & Nilsson Expires February 14, 2013 [Page 14] Internet-Draft Forwarded HTTP Extension August 2012 [RFC4193] Hinden, R. and B. Haberman, "Unique Local IPv6 Unicast Addresses", RFC 4193, October 2005. [RFC4395] Hansen, T., Hardie, T., and L. Masinter, "Guidelines and Registration Procedures for New URI Schemes", BCP 35, RFC 4395, February 2006. [RFC5226] Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for Writing an IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26, RFC 5226, May 2008. [RFC5234] Crocker, D. and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax Specifications: ABNF", STD 68, RFC 5234, January 2008. [RFC5952] Kawamura, S. and M. Kawashima, "A Recommendation for IPv6 Address Text Representation", RFC 5952, August 2010. 10.2. Informative References [RFC6269] Ford, M., Boucadair, M., Durand, A., Levis, P., and P. Roberts, "Issues with IP Address Sharing", RFC 6269, June 2011. Appendix A. Change Log (to be removed by RFC Editor before publication) A.1. Since draft-petersson-forwarded-for-00 Added IANA considerations. Expanded scope and add parameterized list. A.2. Since draft-petersson-forwarded-for-01 Removed "x-" from private extensions. Allow for any protocol name. Rename kv-v to forwarded-element and kv to forwarded-value. Add informative reference RFC6269. A.3. Since draft-petersson-forwarded-for-02 Name change to draft-ietf-appsawg-http-forwarded-00. Updated proto in list under section 5 Parameters. Petersson & Nilsson Expires February 14, 2013 [Page 15] Internet-Draft Forwarded HTTP Extension August 2012 Remove "hidden" but mention _hidden as an example in 6.3 Obfuscated identifier. Clarify that IPv6-addresses must be enclosed by square brackets. Restrict ext-value: do not allow "," or ";". A.4. Since draft-ietf-appsawg-http-forwarded-00 Write IP address instead of IP number. Remove BNF for IP addresses. A.5. Since draft-ietf-appsawg-http-forwarded-01 Refer to httpbis instead of RFC2616. Thereby also change to RFC5234 ABNF. Split up ABNF to be more general on top level. Add some comments on draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-19#section-3.1 to "Implementation Considerations" Removal of ABNF appendix. Merging of the sections "Private extensions" and "Future extensions". A.6. Since draft-ietf-appsawg-http-forwarded-02 Require obfport to start with an underscore. Include "._-" as valid characters in obfnode. Remove MAY-references from section 5. Add a section about the relation to the via-header field. Add some privacy considerations. Encourage proxies to convert X-Forwarded-* to this format, when possible. Mention and demonstrate that IPv6-addresses must be quoted. Add motivation for the obfnode. Add some notes on when this header field should be preserved or not. Petersson & Nilsson Expires February 14, 2013 [Page 16] Internet-Draft Forwarded HTTP Extension August 2012 Fix some typos and make some clarifications. A.7. Since draft-ietf-appsawg-http-forwarded-03 Require that each parameter only occur once per instance. Request for a new registry at IANA. A.8. Since draft-ietf-appsawg-http-forwarded-04 Add ABNF references for token, quoted-string, IPv4address, IPv6address, DIGIT and ALPHA. Only define the content of the Forwarded header field. Remove https from "applicable protocol" in Section 9, as this is implied. A.9. Since draft-ietf-appsawg-http-forwarded-05 Grouped all ABNF. Change registration from "RFC required" to "Specification required". Extended the section describing the relation to Via. Extended Privacy Considerations. Made some clarifications and language fixes. A.10. Since draft-ietf-appsawg-http-forwarded-06 Break up the ABNF again. Update the Privacy Considerations section. Update the IANA registration policy. Change back to *( ";" [ forwarded-pair ] ) . Some minor clarifications. Constistently quote "Forwarded". Appendix B. Acknowledgments Thanks to Per Cederqvist, Alissa Cooper, Stephen Farrell, Per Hedbor, Petersson & Nilsson Expires February 14, 2013 [Page 17] Internet-Draft Forwarded HTTP Extension August 2012 Amos Jeffries, Poul-Henning Kamp, Murray S. Kucherawy, Barry Leiba, Salvatore Loreto, Alexey Melnikov, S. Moonesamy, Susan Nichols, Mark Nottingham, Julian Reschke, John Sullivan, Willy Tarreau and Dan Wing for their feedback. Authors' Addresses Andreas Petersson Opera Software S:t Larsgatan 12 Linkoping SE-582 24 Email: pettson@opera.com Martin Nilsson Opera Software S:t Larsgatan 12 Linkoping SE-582 24 Email: nilsson@opera.com Petersson & Nilsson Expires February 14, 2013 [Page 18]